Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hazards
A sudden collapse of supporting steel
structures could result in injury to
personnel or in the release of large
quantities of flammable products and/or
toxic materials, leading to effects which
might even extend beyond the property
limit.
Example
Determination of required
fire protection measures
Reference API 2218
Conduct fire hazards evaluation
Ex . Determination of required
fire protection measures
Heat radiation level of 12.5 kW/m2 or less.
At that radiation level the unprotected
metal's temperature stabilises at about 300
C, which will not endanger its integrity.
However, at a heat radiation level of
37.5 kW/m2 unprotected steel equipment
will quickly exceed the critical metal
temperature (just above 400 C)
Scenario
In Flame
Typical effect
Flame
Impingement
Heat radiation
> 50 KM/m2
Near Flame
Sterile area
Clear Sunny
day
Escalation for
long exposure
, no protection
Personnel
Injury
Sun Burn
8 ~ 12 KW/m2
5 ~ 6 KW/m2
0.8 KW/m2
Cables in trays
IEC 60331-21
AMERICAN STANDARDS
Rapid rise fire tests of protection materials for structural steel UL 1709
Issued by:
Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
333, Pfingsten Rd.,
Northbrook IL60062
USA
BRITISH STANDARDS
Structural use of concrete
BS 8110
Issued by:
British Standards Institution
389 Chiswick High Road
London W4 4AL
UK
IEC 60331-21
Issued by:
Central Office of the IEC
3, Rue de Varemb
CH 1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Copies can also be obtained from national standards organizations.
Extent of fireproofing
8 meters
9 meters
8 meters
Potential source of leak
EX:
Fireproofing , steel structure
8M
9M
EX. Brainstorming
Fin-Fan Air Cooler
QUALITY CONTROL
Particular attention shall be given to at
least the following:
- condition of the steel surfaces to be
fireproofed;
- placing of mesh reinforcement;
- application of the fireproofing material;
- the joints between steel work and
fireproofing where exposed to the weather;
- weatherproofing, where required.
Column/vessel skirts
Column and vessel skirts located within a FPZ
shall be fireproofed on the outside if one or more
of the following criteria apply:
1 The column/vessel contains a total of more than
2 tonnes of flammable product.
2. The total mass of the column/vessel (including
contents) is more than 10 tonnes.
3 The column/vessel contains toxic material.
4. Failure of the column/vessel may lead to
consequences beyond the site perimeter
including environmental damage.
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