TEXTS.

ROCK INSCRIPTIONS OF ASOKA

KHlLSI, GIRNAR, DHAULI, AND JAUGADA.

SHAHBAZGARHI,

EDICT I.

s
K
G
D
J

Ayam
Iyam
lyara
* #
Iyam

dharmalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dha * *
dhammalipi

[
omitted
f
do.
[
do.
# # # * si
pavatasi
Khepingalasi
pavatasi

]
]
]

S
K
G
D
J

Ranyo
# *
Eanya
Lajo
Lajina

likhapi .
lekhapi.
lekhapita ..
# # #
likhapita .

Hidam
Hida
Idha
* *
Hida

jiva.
jive.
jivam
. * vam
jivam.

S
K
G
D
J

# * #
hitaviye
hitavyam
* # *
hitaviye

cha pi
no pi
4
na
# # #
2
no pi

S
K
G
D
J

# # #

* * #

samejasa.
samajamhi.
* # *
samejasa.

pasati
* #
dakhati

dosa
dosam
* * #
dosam
2

S
K
G
D
J

ati pi* *
athi picha.
6
asti pitu
* * #
athi pichu

S
K
G
D
J

Priyadasisa
Piyadasisa
Piyadasino
3
Piyadasine
3
Piyadasine

S
K
G
D
J

Ranyo
Jjajine
Ranyo

Laiine

lo ke *
no kichhi
na kinchi
* * *
no kichhi
sama*
samaje.
samaje.
* * *
samaje.

*
ch;i
cha
#
cha

anudivasaui
anndivasam
anudivasaui
#
#
anudivasara

Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
# # nam #
Devanampiye

para
pale
pura
* *
pulavam.

Piyadasi
Piyadasi
* # #
Piyadasi .

samato
sadhumata
sadhumata
sadhumata
sadhumata

mahanasasa
mahanasansi
mahanasaphi
niaha * *
mahanapasi

bahuni
bahuni
9
bahuni
bahuni*
bahuni

pan a
pana
pana*
pana

paja
paju
pajapa
paja
* #

hi
hi
* *
hi
# # *

Laja
Raja
# * #
Laja

* * *

* * *
bahukam
bahukam
bahukam
babukain
#

Piyadasina
Piyadasina,
# # *
Piyadasina

* * *
alabhitu
arabhida
alabhitu
alabhiti

* * *
kataviye
katavyo
2# * #
kataviye

samayasa
samaj&
samaja
samajasa
samaja

* katiya
ekatiya
ekacha
ekacha
ekatiya
Ranyo
Lajine
Ranyo
Lajine
Lajine

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyena
Devanampiye *
Devanampiyena

dakhati
# # *

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
* * nam * *
Devanampiyasa

Priyadasisa
Piyadasisji
Piyadasino
Piya *
Piyadasine

taha * asani
satasahasani
satasahasani
satasahasani
satasahasani

alambhiyisu
arabhisu
alabhiyisu
alabhiyi

TEXTS.

66

K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D

#
supathaj'a
supathaya
susupathaye
susupathaye

#
*
se imani
10
sa aja
4
se aja
4
se aja

yo va
vi
eva
* # #
vam

anatam
taniye

tada

tinni
tinniye

3
S
K
G
D
J

sti
eke
eko
* # #
eke

mage

mige
in ago
# * #
mige

S
K
G
D
J

esa
esani
ete
* * *
etani

pi
pati
* * *
pichu

so

mage
mige
ma go
# *
mige

tini

tinni
tinni

panam
panani

trayi

pacha

pana

panani
panani

E DIC

K
G
D
,1

Savatam
Savata
Savata
5
Savata
Savatam

S
K
G

yi *
matha
yatha,

D
J

dfe
TT

Jfc
flF

Choda
Choda
# # #
Choda

dfc
*

atha

IV

G
D
J

S
K
G
T>
J

cha
cha
va pi
6
va pi
vapi

S
K
G
D

sarvato
savata
savata
savata
savata

Tambapani
Tambapanni
3
Tambapanni
.

na
no
na
* # #
, no

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyena

tasa
tasa
tasa
tasa
tasa

dhava
dhave
dhuvo
# # #
dhuvam

Satiyaputra
Satiyaputo
Satiyaputo
# # #
Satiyaput*

Ranyo
Lajine
Eanyo
La * *
Lajine
cha .

nama
nama
ANTIYOKASA
ANTIYOGASA
ANTIYAKASA
ANTIYOKASA
ANTIYOKASA

Priyadasisa
Piyadasisa
Piyadasino
*Piyadasino
Piyadasina.

Eanyo
Lajine
Eanyo
* * *
Laji

Ketalaputra
Kethalaputo
Ketalaputo

Eajaye
Lajane
Eajaye
Laja
Lajae

Yon a
Yona
Yona
7 Yona

nama

yecha anta
2
vamapipachantesu
# # * #
evapi anta

A "NTT T V m r P . N R

aranya
alanne
* # #

jata kate
deva majali
dwanlera
* # *
duvema

arabhisanti.
alabhiyisanti.
arabhisante
alabhiyisanti.
alabhiyisanti.

no
na
na
no

pachha
panchha
pachha

Priyadasisa
Piyadasisa
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
Piyadasine

Pandiya
Pandiya
Panda
# #
Pandiya

s XVA.
ANTIYOGE
i J. J. -1> V / VJIX14
ANTIYAKO
ANTIYOKE
ANTIYOKE

T 11.

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa

# # #

vijite
vijitamsi
vijitamhi
vijitamsi
vijitasi

likhita
lekhita
likhitatl
likhita
likhita

* * #

supathaya
* # #

ganeti
alabhiyanti
arabhire
* labhiya
alabhiyanti[

pi

pi
* # *
pichu

so
# # #
se

dharmalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi

iyam
ayam
iyam
iyam

pranam
panani
pana
* * *
panani

na

pe

*
yada
yada
ada
(*) ada

samanta
samanta
saminam
gatnnata
samanta
kisa
duve
dwe
*

* 4*

Eanyaye
Lajane
4
Eajano
Lajane
Lajane
kabha
chikisachha
chiklchha
* * *

TEXTS.
s

K
G
1)
J

* * #
kata
kata
# # #

S # * #
K osadhani
G osudhani(a)
D (osa) dhani
J osadhani
S

K
G
D
J

yata
ata
yata

# * #
manusa
5
manusa
*
sa

# # #
chikisa
chikichha
chikisa
chikisa

cha

yatra
ta
yata
atata
atata

nasti
nathi
nasti
nathi
nathi

K
G

janasopakani
manusopagam
manusopagani
munisopagani
munisopagani

yani

ani

# # *
pasu
pasu
pasu
8
pasu

cha
cha
cha
cha

* 5 esa(?)

* * *

67

cha
cha
cha

savatra
savata
savata
savata
sava

# # #
chikisa
chikichha
chikisa
cbikisa

# *
cha
cha
cha
cha

pasopakani
pasopagani
6
pasopagani
pasun opagani
pasun opagani

harapiti
halapita
harapitani
halapita
# # *

cha
cha
cha
cha
cha

cha
cha
cha
cha
# # #

lopapita
ropapitani
lopapita

L
cha
cha

savameva
7

mulani
mtilani

cha
cha

phalani
phalani

cha
cba

kayata
yata

~>
r
J

K
G
D
J

.
yata

nathi
nasti

ta

nathi

savata
savata
vata
savata

S
K
G
D
J

vata
matesu
8
pathesu
matesu
matesu

cha

kupa

S
K
G
D
J

khanapitani
ropapita
lopapitani

kupa

halopita
harapitani
halopita
halapita
cha
cha
cha

EDICT

Devanampriye

K Devanampiye
G Dcvanampiyo
D Devanampiye
J Devanampiye

Pnyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

khanapita
mahithani
khanapitd
khanapitani
khanapitani

pasu
pasu
pasu
pa

pratibhogaye
patibhogaye
patibhogaya
patibhogaye

Eanya
Laja
Raja
Laja
Laja

hevam
evam
hevam
hevam

cha
cha
cha
cha

lopapita
ropapitani
8
lopapita
lopapita

cha
cha
cha
cha

______
udapanani
vachha.
lukhani
lukhani

cha
cha
cha

manusanam.
munisanam.
manusanam.
* nusanam.

III.
ahati
ahd
aha
aha
aha

(a). The tirst letter of this word is the initial o and not u.

Baraya
Duvadasa
Dwadasa
Duvadasa
Duvadasa

vasba
vasa
vasa
vasa
vasa

TEXTS,

68
s

K
G
D
J

bhisite
bhisitena
bhisitena
bhisite

name
maya
me
. name

S
K
G
D
J

yota
yata
yuta
yuta

_____

K
G
D
J

K
G
D

vasheshu (a)
vasesu
vasesu
vasesu
vasesu

(omitted)

kammane
kammane
kramaye
kammane
kammaya

anapayite
anyapitam
anatam

hevam
#
#

anusayanam nikhamatu
anusayanam nikhamatu
anusayanam niyata
anusayanam . nikhamavu
anusayanam nikhamavu
irnisa
imaya
imaya
imaye
*
*

mata
8
mata
matari
mata

sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu

padesi
padesike
padesike
* * sike
padesike

cha
cha
cha

vijite
vijitasi
vijite
vijite
#
#

savata
savata
sa * *
#
*

a **

rajaki
lajaki
rajuke
lajuke

cha

mi")

K
G
D
J

iyam
idam
iyam
iyam

va

panchasu
panchasn
panchasu
lo
panchasu
panchasu

cha
cha
cha

eti
etayeva
etayeva

dharmanu sanstiye
dhammanusathiya
dhammanusastiya
dhammanusathiya

sato
athaye
athaya
atha
atha
anaye
aunaya
anyaya

sa

yatha.
yatha

mama
mama
sa me
#
*
panchasu
panchasu
panchasu
panchasu
panchasu
kavayo

annayepi
auaye pi
pi
Pi
pi

* * * * *
.

pitushu
pitasu
pitari
pita

cha

sususha
sususa
sususa
sususa

cha

mitra
mita
mita
.,
mita

a
o
o

ta

K
G
D
J

santhuta
santuta
san * *
santhute

natikyanan:i
nyatinam
11
natisu
13
sa natisu

______
dane
danam
dane
dane

.
panana
panenam
jivesu
jivesu

K
G
D
J
S

K
G
D
J
S

K
G
D
J

sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
#

parisapa
palisapi
parisfipi
palisapi
. #
*

*tha
vata
to
te
te

cha
cha
cha

cha
cha

cha.
cha

sadhu

yutra
yuta
yuto
cha

samananam
samananam
samanehi
samanehi

Bambhana
Bahmana
Bambhana
Bambhana

cha

.
analambho
anarambho
analambhe
analambhe

sadhu
sadhu
sadhu

ti * * nadanati ?
gananasa
anyapayisati
a tiyatani
#
*

vanyana
viyanjana
vyanjana
viyam * *
viyanjana

to
te
to
*
te

cha

apavayata
apaviyati
apavyayata
apaviyati
# # *

anapisanti
anapeyisanti
gananayam
anapeyisita
*
* yi

sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
aadhu
apabhidata
apabhindata
apabhindata
apabhandata
# # #
hetu
hetu
hetu
(he) tu
18
hetu

cha.
cha.
cha.
#
cha.

(a) The five upright strokes following immediately after the wordspanchatu jxiitchaiu are certainly intended for the figure 5, being only a
repetition of ihe number iu words.

69

TEXTS.
ROCK EDICT IV.

Atikatam
Atikatam
Atikatam
12
Atikantam
Atikantam

antaram
antalam
antaram
antalam
antalam

K
G
D
J

vihisa
vihinsa
vihinsa
vihinsa
# #

S
K
G
D
J

sapatipati
asampatipati
asampatipati
asampatipate
# # * #

K
G
D
J

K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J

bahuni
bahuni
bahuni
bahuni
bahuni
bhutanam
bhutanam
bhutanam
bhutanam
# #

cha
cha
cha
cha
# *
tu aja
sa aja
ta aja
:3
se aja
se a j a

dharmacharane
dhammachalanena
3
dhammacharanena
dhammachalanena
dhammachalanena

bherigosha
bhelighose
bherighoso
bhelighosam
bhel * *

cha
chS.
cha
cha
* *

divani
divyani
divyani
diviyani
diviyani

rupani
lupani
. rupani
14
lupanam
lupani

S
K
G
D
J

hi
hi
hi
hi
hi

vrasha
vasa
vasa
vasa
vasa

aja
aja
aja
aja
#

vadhite
vadhite
vadhite
vadhi (te)
* #

vadhito va
vadhiteva
vadhito eva
vadhiteva
vadhiteva

asaptipati
asampatipati
asampatipati
asampatipati
*

dfi

anaram *
analambhe
6
anarambho
ls
analambhe
analambhe

satehi
satehi
satehi
satehi
sate

* nanam
paoanam
pananam
pananam
pananani

cha
*
*

dusayitu
dasayitu
dasayi
dasayitu
dusayita

na
na
na
no

&

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
*
*
*
avihisa
avihinsa
avihinsa
avihinsa
avihinsa

agikandani
* agikhandani
agakhandani

janasa
janasa
pujanam
munisanam
munisanam

cha
* *

yadisam
adisam
yarise
adise
adise
purve
puluve
puve
puluve

# #

Priyadarsisa
Piyadasino
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
*
*
*

Eanyo
Lajine
Eanyo
Lajine
*
*

bhutana
bhutanam
bhutanam
bhutanam
bhutanam

nyatasa
natisam
nyatinam
natisu
natisunam

Lajane
Eanyo
Lajine
Lajine

vimancna
vimana
vimana
vimana

bhuta
huta
bhuta
huta

Bramanam
Bambhananam
Samananam
Babhanesu

* * * *
Piyadasino
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
Piyadasine

dharmagosha
dhammaghose
dhammaghoso
dhammaghosam
m

Sramanam
Samana
Bahmana
Samana

priya *
piyasa
piyasa
piyasa
piyasa

pranarambho
punalambhe
panarambho
panalambhe
panalambhe

ne
10

dasana
*
*
# *

S
K
.G
D

aha
aho
aho
aho
*

cha
*
*
#
#

K
G
D
J

nyatinu
natina
nyatisu
natisu

Devanam
Devanam
Devanam
Devanam
Devanam

hathini
hasti
hathini
# #

S
K
G
D

vashasatani
vasasatani
vasasatani
vasasatani
vasasatani

dasanena
dasanam
dasana
dasanam
*

anyani
annani
anyani
annani
*
*
bahu
bahu
bahu
bahu
bahu
tadise
tadise
tarise
tadise
# *

dharmanusaustaya
dhnmmanusathi3-e
dhammanusasti}-a
dhamm&nusathiya
17
dhammdnusathiya

* * *
" sampatipati
sampatipati
sampatipati
s * *

* *
Bambhana
Bahmana
Samana
* * *

10

TEXTS.
S
K
G
D

Srauiananam
Samaimnam
Samananam
Babhauesu
*

S
K
G
D
J

cha
cha
cha
cha
cha

S
K
G
D

Priyadarsisa
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piya * *

sampatipati
sampafcipati
sampatipati
sampatipati
#

bahuvadham
babuvidhe
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe

pranatika
pauatikya
papota
pa
*
*

g
K
G
D
J

*
*
#
#
dhammachalauam
dhammacharanam
dhammachalanam
dhammachal

S
K
G
D
J

ti mato
tithato
tistanto
vithitu
*
*

cha
cha
cha
cha
cha

S
K
G
D
J

lipitham
likHte
lekhapitam
likhite
*
*

imisa
13

imasa
imasa
imasa

ahini
ahini
ahini
* ahini
*

athasa
athasa
athasa
athasa

pavata
&V&J
savata (a)

Eanya
Lajine
Ranyo
Lajine
Lajine

eva
ese
10
esa
esa

vadhisanti
vadhayisanti
9
vadhayisanti
17
pavadhayisanti
pavadhayisanti

vadhiya
vadhiyu
vadhiya
vadhiyu
*
#

*
*
silasi va
silamhi
silasi cha

nyantu
jantu
jantu
jantu
*

etaye
etaye
etaya
etaye
*

#
*

kamme
kamme
* me
*
#
*

na bhoti
no hoti
bhavati
18
no hoti
no ho *

sadlm
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu

yeafe
'idam
yeva
yeva

dharmasila
dhammasi
dhammamhi
dhammasi

pi cha
,. pi cha
pi na
pi cha
pichu

cha
cha
cha
cha

Devanamprjyasa
Devanainpiye
Devanampiyo
Devanampiye
*
*
*

12

esa
hi sothe
nise ste
hise

anne

chayo
cheva
cheva
cheva
*

inja
anne
anye
anne

putra pi cha kunatavocha

puta. cha kunatala cha
puta, cha pota cha
putapi cha nati
*

kupa
kupam
kapa
akepam

annsasisanti
anusasisanti
anusasisanti
anusasisanti
*
#
*

vadhisati
vadhiyisati
vadhayisati
vadhayisati
vahhayi

Priyadarsisa
Piyadasine
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
19
Piyadasine

dharmacharanam
dhammachalana
dhammacharane
dhammachalana
20
dhammachalane

vadhitam
vadhite
vadhite
vadhite
vadhite

icha
ima
a va
imam

vadhi
vadhi
u
dhi cha
vadhi

tu ara sususha esam

sususa khasa cha
sususa thairi sususa esa
sususam va sususa esa
#
esa

dharmacharanam ime
imam dhammachalanam
dhammacharanam idam
dhammachalanam imam

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa

S *
nusasanam
K
dhammannsasanam
G
dhammannsasanam
D
dhammanusasanam
J
*
*
*

dharma
dhammam
dhammam

yatasa
athasa
athamhi
athasa

pitashu
pitisu
pitari
pita

dharmacharanam
dhammachalane
dhammacharane
16
dhammachalane
dhammachalane

Eanyo
Laja
Raja,
Laja

S
K
G
D
J

S
K
G
D

mata
mata
matari
matu

hini
hini
hini
hini
hini

asilasa se
asilasa se
asila sava
asilasa se
*
*
athaye
athaye
athaya
athaye
ft

yuta
am

iniasu
imisa
imamhi
imasa*
*

ima
ima
ida
iyam

mahiga
cha ma alocliayisu
cha 12 lochetivya
cha ma alochayisu
cha ma alochayi

(a) Prinsep's first reading of this word was pavata, and the totally different form of the Ariano Pali p in the Shahbazgarhi
text shoffs that the first reading of pavata may be correct, although the first letter is clearly * in the Girnar text.

TEXTS
barata
duvadasa
dwadasa
19
duvadasa
#
*

K
G
D
J

varsbabhisitena
vasabhisitene
vasabhisitena
vasaniabhisitasa
*
#

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyasa
*
#
*

71
Priyadarsisa
Piyadasine
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
#
#

Eanya
idam
Lajino
Eanyo
idam
Lajine
ya *
#
#

lipikhatain.(a)
lekhita.
lekhapitam.
Iikhite.
* *

ROOK EJDIOT V.

K
G
D
J

11

Devanampriya
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
20
(De)vanampiya
Devanampiye
va lapachha
e adikale kayana
a
kalane

kayana

K
G
D
J

karana
kayane
kalanam
kayane

S
K
G
D

Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyada

Eayo
Laja
Eaja
Laja
*

so
sa
saso
sase

daaaram
dukalam
dukaram
dukalam

kata
kate
kata
kate

evam
ahatine
(omitted)
aha
evam
aha.
hevam
aba,
# , #
*
*

karoti.
kaleti
karotii
kaleti

i
se
2

se

maha
mama
mama
ye me

* *
ta
tam

ta

putra
puta
put
puta.

kayana
kayane
kalana
kayane
#
#
maya
maya
may4
me

cba
cha
cba
va

s
G
D
J
S

K
G
P
J
S

K
G
D
J

nataro cha
nata cha
potacha
S1
nata cha (b)
uanu cna

14

paran
palan
paran
palan
palan

cba
cba
cba
cha
cha

tanaya
teniya
tenaya
tenaye
te * *

kapam
kapam
kapa,
kapam
*
*

tatha ye anuvati santi

atba anuvatisanti
anuvatisare tatba,
tatba anuvatisanta
*
*

ati (c)
beti
eta
ta

desam
desam
desam
desam

sahane
nama su padalaycse
Sukarambi papam
G
22
supudalayesu
D
J
S

babu
bahu
bahu
babuke

S3 n o n f i ^kl^#

dukara
dukale
dukaranye
dukale
#
#

me apacbam
apatine me
me apacbam
apatiye me

te
se
3
so
sa

prihapiaata
pibapayisati
pihapesati
pihapayisati

Atikatam
Atikatam
Atikatam
Atikantam

ammanti

sakita
eukatam
sukatam
Suka^am
*

sa
so
so
so

dakatam
dukatam
dukatam
dukatam

antaram
antaiam
antaram
antalam

na
no
4
na
no

ava
ava
ava
ava

kusati
kacbhanti
kasati
kacbhati

kusbauti
kacbhati
kasati
kachhati

bhuta
huta
bhuta
liuta

samvant

yocha
tha evu
yo tu
* ehe
#
*
papamha
pfpa hi

#
papebi

puva
puluva
puvam
puluva

(a). The two letters p and kh seem to have been transposed in this word, which should be read likhapitam.
(b). As the two letters g and t nre easily mistaken, this word should no doubt be nata as iu the two northern texts and
not Ifaga- Mr. Beglar's impression gives nata, and so does bis photograph.
(e). The initial letter might perhaps be h instead of o, as these two characters in Ariano Pali are very much alike.

72

TEXTS.
dharmamahamatam
dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata

K
G

D
J
S
K
G
D

12

nama
nama
nama
nama

deya dharmamahamatra
dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata nama

* * varshahhisitena *
dasavasabhistena mamcva
dasavasabhisi (tena)
dasavasabhisitena me

sa
so

to
te

ta maya
se

kita

te

kata.
kata

te
te

pashandeshu
pasandesu
pasandesu
pasandesu

save
sava
sava
sava

S
K
G
J)

viyapaji
vyapata
^viyapatha

15

dharmadhrithayo
dhammadhitanaye
dhammadhistanaya
dhammadhithaniye

S
K
G
D

dharma yuthasa
vi dhammayutaso
dhammayutasa
cha dhammayuta

S
K
G
D

JPitiniJcanam, ta
e
JPetenihanam ye
Pitenikesu e

S
K

Bramanibheshu
Bambhanithisu

Babhani

dharmayutasa
dhammayutaye
dhammayutauam
dhammayutaye

S
K

aparibodhaye
apalibodhaye

apalibodhaye
27

bhikati
bhikaleti
bhikaresu
bliikaleti

Yo (a)
Yonam,
Yonam,
Yona,

tam
cha
sa

va
va
va
va

dharmavadhiya
dh ammavadhiy e

hita
hita

sukhaya
sukhaye

dhammavadhiye

hita

sukhaye

Kambayo
BLambojam,
Kambo(cham),
Kambocha,

Gandharanam,
Gandhdldnam,
Gandharanam, (b)
Gandhdlesu,

anatheshu
annathesu

vathashu
vathesu

anathesu

mahalokesu

mochavanavaye
mokhaye cha

eyam

mokhaye cha
mokhaye

iyam

pajati
pajavatavi
paja
pajati

anubandha
anubandha

va viyapata
va viyapata
va vyapata
va viyapata:

sukhaye
sukhaye
sukhaye
sukhaye

hita

cha

badhasa
badhasa
badhasa
badhasa

mahalaka
mahalaketi
thairesu
mahalaketi

Hdstika
Lathika

hita
hida

vapata te 13 bandhanam
viyapata: se bandhanam
vyapata; te bandhana
viyapata se bandhanam

aparigodhra
apalibodhaye
aparagodhaya
apalibodhaya

JRastikanam

bhatamayeshu
bhatamayesu
bhatamayesu
bhati

Aparanta
Apalantd
Apardtd
Apalantd

anne
anna
anne

bhisasu

S
K
G
D

S
K
G
D

cha

ti eha
te hida
te Pdtalipute
se hida

cha
cha

patividhanaye
patividhanaya
patividhanaya
pativa * * ya

kita
kata
kata
kata

16

bahireshu
bahilesu
bah ires u
bahilesu

(a) Tbe letter n is bere omitted in the Shahbazgarhi text.

(6) Prinsep here read Gandhara, Naristiha, but the true reading is tbat given in tbe text. Similarly in the Dhauli text
tbe tu of bis Snlathika belongs to tbe previous name Qandhalem leaving Lathika as tbe corresponding equivalent of
Xattika in tbe Shabbazgarbi and Girnar texts.

73

TEXTS.
S
K
G
D
J

cha
cha
cha
cha

S
K
G
D
J

mekasuna cha yevapi anye

bhaginiya evapi anna
8

ne vapi me anye
bhagininam va 26 annesu

S
K
G
D

dharma
dhamma
dhamma
dhamma

s
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D

sarveshu
savesu

orodhaneshu
holodhanesu

nagalesu

savesu (a)

olodhanesu

eva
evahi

nyatika
natikya
nyatika
va natita

savatam
savata
savata
savata

viyapata
viyapata
vyapata
viyapata

nistisita tivara dharmadhritane

nisitetiva danasayute
nistito tiva

nisitativam dhammadhithane,

tiva
tiva

tiva

asti anati mata

.

dharmayutasa vana
dhammayutasi

viyapala
viyapatale

dhammayutasi

viyapata

athaya
athaye
athaya
athaye

ayo
iyam
ayam
27
iyam
17

dharmalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi

lipi *
likhita
likhita
likhitam

K
G

D
J
S

14

Devanampriy() Priyadarsi
Devanampiye Piyadasi
si
Devanampiye Piyadasi
1
Devanampiye Piyadasi

K
G
D
J

na
no
na
no
no

S
K
G
D
J

patimadhra
pativedana
pativedana
pativedana
pativedana

bhuta
huta
bhuta
huta
huta
ta
vasa
vata
va se
va se

Raya
Laja
Raja
Laja
Laja.
puva
puluve
puva
puluve
puluve
.
ma
ma
ma

cha
cha na

bhatanam

danasayutra
savata majata

va
chha

mama

danasayute

va sava

pathaviyain

dharmamahamatra
dhammamahamata
dhammairahamata
dhammamahamata

etaye
etaye
etaya
imaye

* * thiti va tinika bhota panja

chilathitikya hotu tatha che me paja

anuvatantu.
anuvatantu.

chilathiti

anuvatatu.

EDICT

bhratuna
bhatana

nagareshu
nagalesu

evam
hevam
evam
hevam
hevam
sava
savam
sa
savara
savam
maya
inaya
maya
maya
maya

hotu cha me paja

VI.
ahati

atikatam
atikatam
atikatam
atikantam
atikahtam

aha
aha
aha
aha

la (b)
kfilam
la
kalam
kalam

atha
atha
atha
atha

eva
hevam
evam

(a) This word (savesu) ia here repeated in the Dhauli text.

(6) Omitted in original text.

kita
kate
katam
ka^e
kate

antalam
antalam
antaram
antalam
antalam

kammeva
kamme va
kamme va
kamme va
savam
savam
save
sava
savam

TEXTS.
kalam
kalam
kale
*
#
kalam

G
D
J

esimana
adamana
bhungamana
na
2 *
*
*

S
va
va
*

K
G

D
J

cha

K
G
D
J
S

K
G

D
J
S

K
G

D
J
S

K
G

D
J
S

cha
"

karomi
kachhami
karome
kaiami

Ji

sakam
swayam

me
me
me
me
me

karomi atrayutisa (c)

anapanite mamaya
maya
anapitam
anusathe
ma
anusatha
me

va
va
va
va
va

nathi
nasti
nathl
nathi

prativedaka
pativedaka,
pativedaka
pativedaka
pativedaka
savatra
savata
savata
savata
savata

iti "
ti
ti

ya pirokika

ka peyam pi cha, *'

ya
cha
kinchi
31
ha ampi cha
kinchhi
am pi cha
kinchhi

makhata
mukhata
mukhata
mukh'ate
mukhate
eva
yeva
yava

nya * nassa bhoti

traya

aropitam
alopite
alopite

taya
tasi
tasi

athaye
athaye
athaya
athasi
athasi

savakam
savapakam
savakam
savakam

hi me
he me
pi me
pi me

bhavati
hoti
hoti

parivayesha
palisayam
parisayam
palisaya
lisaya

savatra
savata
savata
savata
savata

ti
ti

me

me *
me

vachasi
vachasi
vachamhi
vachasi
vachasi

va
va
va
va

* * ma
vasantam
vasanto
vasantam

kiti
kiti
kiti

viye
viye

pika
dipakam
dapakam
dapakam
dapakam

viyo pa na
vivido ni
vivado ni
vivadeva ni
vivadeva

D
J

'

gahhagarasi
gahhajjalasi
gahhagaramhi
gahhagjalasi
gahhag;alasi

savatra
savata
savata
savata
savata

cha
cha
cha

atha
atham
athe
atham

achayika
dhayaka pi nama tadhana
mahamatehi 19 achayika
achayika
puna mahathatesu
atiyayike
mahamatehi
atiyayike
mahamatahi

janasa
janasa
janasa
janasa
janasa

D
J
K

uyanasi
uyanasi
uyanseu
uyanasi
uyanasi

* tivedetu
pativedetha
pativeda yantu
pativedayantu

anapayami
anapayami
anapayami
anapayami
anapayami

viye

orodhanasi
^8 holodhanasi (a)
orodhanamhi
olodhanasi
olodhanasi

janasa
janasa
janasa
atham
atham

stita

cha
cha
cha

3
' ante
ante

atha
atha
atho me
janasa
janasa

K"
G
D
J

vinitasi
vinitasi
viniamhi
vinitasi
vinitasi

same
sa
-
same
same
same

cha (b)
savam
save
savam
savam
doka
dose
to so
to se
to se

31

nantariyena
anantaliyena
anantaram
anantaliyam
anantaliyam

eva

eva

pativedetasa
*
*
*
pativedetayam
pativadeta
pativedeta

a *
*
kalam
kale
kalam
kalam
anapi che
uthanasi
utthanamhi
uthanasi
uthanasi

* janasa
hevam
evam
hevam
hevam
aha
atha
atha
atha

atha

N.B.The four following lines are found only in the Sh6hldzgarhi text.
(a) As the vowel o in the first syllable of this word is attached to the aspirate, the value of the initial letter in the other
text is determined to be o also, although this was already sufficiently clear from the initial o of the Shahbazgarhi text.
(b) Norris reads atrayautaka.
(c) Omitted in original toxt.

75

TEXTS.
s
s
s
s

dapaka
acbayiti
ra
savam

va
me
pati shaye
kaiam

s
K
G
D
J

santiranaya
santilanaye
santiranaya
santilanaya
santilanayam

tasa

sravaka
sava
anantariya
evam

pi
cba
va
cba
cba

katava
kataviya
katavya
kataviya
5

mulam

esi

cba

XV

puna
puna
pana

tase
tasa
tasa

cha
cba
cba

S
K
G
D
J

cha
cha
cha
cha
cba

na
nathi
nasti
nathi
natbi

S
K
G
D
J

parakamama
palakamami
parakamami
palakamami
palakamami

bakam
aham
bakam
bakam

S
K
G
D
J

sukhayami
sukhayami
sukhapayami
sukhayami
sukhayami

paratam
palatam
parata
palatam
palata

S
K
G
D
J

dharmalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi

S
I
G
D
J

me
me
me

hi athaya
hita
hitaya
hitaye
hitaye

K
G
D
J

i
bi
bi
bi
bi

tha
likhita
lekhapita,
likbita

kiti
kiti
kinti
kinti
-

cba
cba
cba
cba
cba

pntranantaro
puta dale
puta pota cha
puta
pota
ma bbata ta yasa
dukale cba
dukarantu
dukale cbu
dukale chu

at an am

atba

ustina cha
nthane
utbane cba

atha

xnuxe
mule
m<Ue
mule

sava
sava
sava
sava
sava

ama ya
iyam
idam
iyam
iyam

santirasa

atha

sa
ta
ti
ti

bbotu
botu
iti
botu
botu

cbasbu
kani
nani (a)
kani
kani
ayi
iyam
ayam
iyam
" iyam

cba
cha
cba
cha

palakamatu
palakamantu
anyata
annata
annata
annata
annata

kicbi
kicbhi
kinchi
kichhi
kiebbi

etaye athaye
etAyethaye
etaya atbaya
etaye athaye
etaye athaye

tatba
tatha
tatba
tatba

parakrama
palakamatu

me
me

cha
cba
cba
cba
cba

va cba yam
iha
ye ha hida
cba
gachheyam idha cha
ye hanti hida
cba
cha
ye banti 33 hida

aradbatu
aladhayantu
aradhayantu
aladhayantu
aladhayantu

chiranthitika
cbilathitikya
cbirantisteya
chilathitika
thitlka

santirana
santilana
santilana

bit! ti + yam
bitayam yam
bitattaya
bitena am
bitene am

loka
loka
loka
loka
loka

papota
papota

bitam
bita
bitam
bito
bite

saga
swagam
swagam
svragam
swagam

kint:i

na
vatijati
eavatra
atba

loka
loka
loke
loka
loka

sava
sava
save
sava
sava

tanam enani desa

bhutanam
annaniyam
bhutanam
anannam
bbutanam
annaniyam
niyam L

lil-liiH

22

etra

esa
iyam
iyam

kammatara
kammatalam
kammataram
kammatalam
kammatala

pana
mahamata
atbaya
vividesa
me
detaro
sti hi m<i tatanya

me
me
me
me
me

manatrabi
mutebi
matehi
matebi

jr

G
D
J

yata
taya
pativi
maya * *

va
bboti
na
anyapitam

age
agena
agena
ngena
agena

(a) From the grcnt similarity of the two letters n and k, they are frequently mistaken.
most probably kani.

tasa sa
savaloka
savaloka
eavaloka
savaloka
parakamena
palakamenani
parakamena
palakamena
palakamena

The true reading in this text iu

TEXTS.

76

EDICT VII

K
G
D
J

Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
1
Devanampiyo
Devanampiye
8

Priyasi ()
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

Eaja
Laja.
Eaja.
Laja
Laja.

savvatra
* vata.
savata
savata
savata

S
E
G
D
J

vaseyu
vase va
vaseyu
vasevu *
vase *

save ite
save hite
save te
ti save
* save

sayaman
sayaman
sayaman cha
hota sayaman
hite saya am

S
K
G
D
J

cha
va

uchavacha
uchavacha
uchavacha
2
uchavacha
uchavacha

chhando
chhanda
chhando
chhanda
chhanda

S
K
G
D
J

savam
savam
savam
savam

pi cha
pi cha
tu pi
pi cha
pi cha

ic
G
D
J
S

K
G
D
J

cha
cha

kitanyata
kitanatu
katamnyata,
______
________->

va

bhavasudhi
bhavasudhi
2
bhavasudhin
bhavasudhi
bhavasudhi

kasanti

va
va

(c)

yasa
tasa
yasa
asa

dane
dane
dane
dane
dane

sava
save
sava
sava

rago
laga
rago

22

sayaman
sayame
sayame
sayame

kashanti
kachhanti
kasanti
kachhati
kachhanti
5

va

vipule
vipule
3
vipule
vipula
vipule

,
bhavasudhi
bhavasudhi
bha.vasuddb.ita . va
cha
bhavasudhi

padham.
padham.
badham.
badham.
badham.

niche
nicha
nicha,
niche
niche

cha,

jano
mune
jano tii
munisa
munisa
te
te
te
te
te9

laga
laga

ekadesaancL va 4 pi
ekadesam pi
ekadesam va
ekadesa *
ekadesam va
nasti
nathi
nasti
nathi

dridhabhatita (d)
dadhibhatita
dadhabhatita,
_____
ila

va

cha
cha
cha
cha

1 A

pashan
pasanda,
pasanda
pasanda (b)
pasanda

sawam

ichhanti 3
ichhanti
ichhati
ichhanti
ichhanti

cha

uchavacha
uchavacha
- - uchavacha
uchavacha
uchavacha
(a)
{b)

ichhati
ichhati
ichhati
ichhati
ichhati

EDICT VIII.
17

K
G
D
J

Atikatam
Atikantam
Atikatam
3 * # kantam
10
t*kautam

S
K
G
D
J

anyane
anyani
anyani
annani
annani

cha
cha
cha
cha
cha

antaram
antalam
antaram
antalam
antalam

ne Raya
Devanampiya
Eajano
Lajano
Laja

edisani
hedisani (e)
etarisani
edisani

viharayatam name
*. * * dhiya * * *
viharayatam nyayasu
vahalayatam ama

atasamana
abhila mani
2
abhira makani
abhila mani
a * ila mani

abhavasu
hunsam
ahumsu
puvam tinam
puvam tinam

nikhamisham
nikhamisuhida
eta
* khamisa

so

so
se
se

gamagaye
migaviya
magavya
* * viya

Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
Devanampiye
Devanampiye

(a) Priyasi iii original, the d having been omitted by the engraver.
(6) Hananda is read by Wilson, and it is so lithographed; but as pdsa might easily be mistaken for hana, the word has
certainly been misread.
(c) Omitted in original texts.
(ct) This reading of the Shahbazgarhi text confirms Westergaard's emendation of drirha lhaktita in the Girnar text.
(e) This is another instance of the cockney aspirate in the Khalsi text.

77

TEXTS.
S
K
G
D
J

Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
4
Piyadasi
" Piyadasi

S
K
G
D
J

sa

ta
sa
ta

dasavashabhisito
dasavasabhisite
dasavasabhisito
dasavasabbisite

Ranya
Laja
Raja
Laja
Laja

dharmayatra
dhammayata
dhammayata
dhammayata

etaya iyam
etayam
etayam
tesa
tesa

S
K
G
D
J

anu
cha
cha
cha
cha

S
K
G
D

pajanasa
janapadasa
janapadasa
janapadasa

S
K
G
D
J

dharma pari
dhamma pali
dhamma pari
*
*
*

S
K
G
D
J

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa

vidhanam
thairanam
vadhanam
vadhanam.

cba

hoti
boti
hoti
hoti
hoti

Sramanam Bramananam
Samana Bambbanananl
Bahmana Samananam
Samana Babhananam
Sa
*
*
*

dasane
dasane
dasane
dasane

*
cba
cha
cha
cha

janasa
janasa
janasa
janasa

dasana
dasanam
dasanam
dasane

puvachu
puchha
puchha
*chha

cha
cha

Priyadarsisa
Piyadasisa
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
"Piyadasine

hiranya
hilanna
hiranna
4
hilanna
12
hilanna

tadopayam
tatapayo
tadopaya
tadapaya

Eanye
Lajine
Eanyo
Lajine
Lajine

K
G
D
-J
S
K
G
D
J

18
34
1
6
14

Devanampriyc>
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
Devanampiye
Devanampiye

ucham vacham
nchavacbam
uchavacham
uchavacham

jani
jano
jano
jano

K
G
D
J

Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

vivahesi
vivahesu
vi * *

va
*

mangalam
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam

ete
esa
esa
* sa

na
cha
cha
cha
cha

patividhane
patividbane
patividhano
patividhane
patividhane

cha
cha
cha
cha
cha

bhayerati
bhayalati
bhayarati
abhilatne
* lame

bhago
bbage
bhage
bhage
bahge

Raya
Laja
Raja
Laja
Laja

dasane
dasane
dasane
dasana
#
#

dharmanusati
dhammanusathi
dhammanusasti
dhammanasathi

cha

EDICT

nikamisaye
* dbitena
nikbami tham sam 23 bodbinitena
ayayasam
bodhimitena
nikbamisam
bodhi * tena

santu
santu
santo

dava
dane
dan
dane
dane

cha
cha
*
*

bhoti
hoti
bhavati
hoti
hoti

anye.
anne.
anne.
anne.
a**

IXevam

ahati

eva
hevam

aba
aba
.

aha

karoti
ka * *
karote
kaloti

paja patu di
pajupadaye
putalabhesu
* jupadaye
pajupadaye

asti
athi
.

abadhasa
abadbcsi
abadhesu
aKadhesu

va

va ativaha
avaha
va2 avaha

pavasa
pavasasi
pavasammhi
pavasasi
pavasasi

va
kMWMM

78
S
K
G
D
J

TEXTS.

ataya
etaye
etamhi
etaye
etaye

anyaye
annaye
anyamhi
annaye

cha

cha

cha15
ata
heta
eta

tu
vu
tu

putika
khudavi
chhadam
puti *

cha

bahu
bahu
bahukam

striyaka abakejanibhu
mahadayo

nirastiyam
nilathiyam
niratham
nilathiyam

va
cha

mangala
mangale
mangalam
* mangale
mangale

cha
va
cha
cha

kataviya
katavi cheva
katavyameva
kativiye
kativiye

S
K
G
D
J

matakho

chukho
mangalam
ayam
mangalam * ayam
,
,
,.

S
K
G
D
J

mangala

asa ima

mangale

dhammamangale
dhammamangale
dhammamangale

* * *
tateta
tatesa

S
K
G
D
J

samapatipati
samapatipati
samyapatipati
sammapatipati
samyapatipati

S
K
G
D
J

Sramana
Samana
Bahmana
Samana
Samana

S
K
G
D
J

ye

17

cha
cha
cha
cha

tu

va garanam
gulunam
gujunam
9
gulunam
gulunam

apa * ti
apachiti
apachiti
apachi *
apachiti

Bramana
Eambhananam
Samananam
Babhanunam
Bambhand
*

hedisatam
etarisam

mahaphalam
mahaphale
mahaphale
mahaphale

karoti
kaloti
karote
kaloti
kaloti

ta
se
se

tukho
(chu) kho (a)
tukho
chakho
chakho

etadi
* sa iyam
etarisam
esahedisam
esaha *
*

dasa
dasa
dasa
dasa

bhatakasa
bhatakasi
bhatakamhi
bhatakasi
bhatakasi

yema

pasadhu
pan * *
sadhu panesu

sayama
sayamme
sadhu

panesu
eta
ese
eta
esa

sadhu

dharmasa
dhamma
dhamma
dhamma

bahuvidham
bahuvidham
bavuvidham
ithibidham

cha
cha
cha

mangala
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam

apaphalam
apaphale
apaphalam
apapale
1S
apaphale

S
K
G
D
J

kho
tu
le (dhe) no
chevakho

mangalam
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam

* * na datu
jane
bahu
jano uchavacham
jine bahukam
jane bahukam

hadesi
edisaye
cha
hedisaye
hedisaye

va
cha

mangale
mangalam
gala (b)

nama
nama
nama

cha

anya
anne
anne
anne

pe
ta
ta

(a) Perhaps intended for Chukha, or even tttkha.

(b) The m of mangala is omitted on the rock by a mistake of the engraver or writer.

vataviye
vatavyam
vataviye

TEXTS.
K
G
D
J

pitana
pitina
pita
pitina
* tina

S
K
G
D
J

mata
mata
(
(
.(

nasti
kataviye
katavya
# # *
kataviye

K
G
D
J

sava
Pi
va
Pi
Pi

putena
putena
putena
putena
putena

sa
Pi
va
Pi
Pi

ava
sastatena
santhatena
ava
omitted
do.
do.
mangalam
mangale
mangalam
* * lam
18 *

bhata
bhatina
bhata
bhatina
bhatina

prativatiyena
pativesiyenapi

tasa
tasa
tasa
tasa
*
#

ya
ava
ava
ava
*
#

79
*
pi
va
pi
pi

imasa
iyam
) idam
)
*
) iyam

*
* kena
suvamikena
swamikena
10 suvamike
suvamikena
alatha
sadhu
sadhu
* #
sadhu

atasa cha
athasa
athasa
athasa
*
*

pi
Pi
va
Pi

saka (a)
iyam
idam
*
*
iyam

taviye
dita
nidhatiya
nistanaya
nidhatiya
* * # *

tadiki

At this point of Edict IX the text of the two northern versions differs from that of Girnar, Dhauli, and
Jaugada. The remainder of the Edict is therefore given in two separate parts.
Continuation of the SHAHBAZGARHI and KHALSI versions.
20

ima
iyam

S
K

siyato
sayavatam

S
K

lobha cha
lochavase

S
K

pitam

S
K

puna

S
K

thani
atham

S
K

asti pahhata
se athe helata

S
K

mangale
*
*
tena dharmapaga.

kusaye
kusi *

eva
va

take
cha la

tatha
atham

nivakayati
nivateya
ava
iyamjana

pavasati

ha
panchesu
varo
hida

tathhati
nivatati
dhata
cha

sansaye
sansayi

kitam
kyase

sayapanena
sayapanena
dharma
anuna
dhammamangale

dharma
noniteti

ya
atham
#

mangalam
mangale

iha
hida
*
*
akalikyo

anutam
hida

atham
atham

aprataranam
katam

va panyaprasata

abhi
tata

panyapasa
anantam

asaladham
ubhiyetam

ka
pana

pha

*
ham

na
palata

*
che

divati
ita
anantara

bhoti
27 adhehoti
dina
pasavati

orochasc
hida cha
ta

Continuation of the GIRNAR, DHAULI, and JAUGADA 'versions.

G
D
J

asti cha
athi
*
*

pavutarn
pavutam
#
#

sadhu
vate
#
#

dana
dane
*

G
D
J

asti dara
(athi dane)
* se dane

va

anagaho
anugahe
anugahe

va
va
adi

iti
na
sathiti
#
#

tu

yarisam
"adi va
ve

dhammadanam
dhammadane
dhammadane

(a) Or perhaps anetha or anyetha.

etarisam
hedisam
*
#
va

80

TEXTS.

G
D
J

dhammanugaho
va
dhammanuga (he)
dhamm&nugahe
cha

G
D
J

va

G
D
J

tamhi
tasi

ta

tukho

se

chukho

nyatikena

suhadayena

sahayena
sapayena

tamhi

pakarane
pakalanasi

idam
i *

kacha

iti
12

G
D
J

* *

saka

lmim
imena
imena

swagam

ka
sakiye

imina

swage

katavyataram

aradhetu
iti
aladhayitave
aladhayitave
swagaradhi.
alabhi.

yata
tasa

kataviyatala

EDICT
SI

Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo

D
J

-piye

G
D
J

na

S
K

pi
pi

mahatha
mahatha
mahatha

ha

va
va
va
va

Da

sriti
va kiti

yaso
yasa

Eaya
Laja
Raja
Laja

ha
na
omitted
va
va

X.

yaso
yaso
yaso
yaso
21
yaso

imati
ichhati

T\

J
dharmasususha
dhammasususa
dhammasusunsa
14
dhammasususa
dhammasususam

S
K
G
D
J

tada
jane
me jana
jane
jane

S
K
G
D
J

dharmavatam
dhammavatam
dhammavatam
dhamma *
*
*
*
eta
,eta
.eta
eta

kaye
kaye
kaya
kaye

cha

va
cha

kirti
kiti
kiti
kiti
kiti

va
va
va
va
va

manyati
manati
manyate
mannati

va

anyata
anata
anyata
vakitiva

ichhati
ichhati

tena
tasa
tadatwaye
tadadwano
ta datwaye
ta datwaye

sususha
sususa
sususa
sususa
sususa

ta
tarn
tam
tarn

S
K
G
D

idam
yam

G
D
J

S
K
G

ovaditavyam
yovadita

va
tivi

yo
yam

ayatiya cha
ayatiye cha
dighaya cha
annati
anyatiye cha
meti
mati
me
me

annvidhayatam.
* nuvidhiy&tati.
anuvidhiyatam.

Devanampriya
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo

Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

Raya
Laja
Raja

28

yaso
yaso
yaso
yaso

TEXTS.
s

kiti
va
va
va

K
G
D
J

parakramate
lakamati(a)
parakamate
palakammati

S
K
G
D
J

paratikaye
palatikyaye
paratikaya
palatikaye
palatikaye

S
K
G
D

dukarata
dukale
4
dukaranta
*
*

Pryadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
*
#

Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
Devanam (b)
Devanampiye
Devauampiye
va sati
va kinti
va kinti
va 15 kinti
va kinti

kho
chukho
klio
kaje

sukali
sukale
sakalc
sakale
sakale

eshe
ese
etam

tava * gena
parakamena
anata agena
palakamena
anyata agena
parakamena
(anna) ta agena * * * na

S
K
G
D
J

kichi
kichi
kichi

va
va
va
va

kiti
kiti
kiti

S
K
G
D

81

Raya
Laja
Eaja
*

savam
savam
savam
savam

va
va
va

gena
vatena
janna

pari
paliti
pari

savam
savam
savam

siyati eshe
siyatiti ese
asa esa
puveyati
puveyati

apansave
apapalasava
apaparisave
apaplasave
apapalisave

va dakena
khudakena
chhudakena
va

ta
ta
ta

tu parasraveyam apunyam
chu palisakha e apunne
tu parisaveya apunyam
* * # *
palisa
23

usadhinya
usutena
usatena

cha
disa
jipta
paliti
jita

cha
cha

va.
cha

eta
peta
eta
ti(?)
*

*
#
*
usa
dukale.
usatena
va
dukaram. (c)
usatena
usathena
dakena
cha
dukalata.
usatena
va
va
chu
dukena
dukalatale.
usatena
va
va usatena
N.S.In the Dhauli and Jaugada texts of Asoka's Series of Rock Inscriptions, the lltb, 12th, and 13th Edicts are
omitted, but both texts close with a copy of the 14th Edict.
S
K
G
D
J

chukho
takho
16
khu
khu

dikena

omitted
)
latasate *

cha

29

EDICT
S
3C
G
S
K
G

Devanampriyo Priyadarsi
Devanampiye Piyadasi
Devanampiyo Piyadasi

Eaya
Laja
Eaja

dharmadanam dharmsanstavo
dhammadane {omitted)

dhammadiinam dhammasanstavo va

XI.

evam ahati; nasti

hevam (d) ha nathi
evam aha, nasti
dharmasamvibhago
dhammasamvibhago
dhammasamvibhago

edisam
hedisam
etarisam

va

danam
danam
danam

yansam
yadisam
yarisam

dhannasambandho
dhammasambandha
dhammasambandho

(a) The letter p is omitted in the original text.

(J) piye is omitted in the original.
(<?) Burnouf (Le Lotus, p. 659) has given his reading of the text of this Edict, with a translation, which differ from
those of Prinsep and Wilson.
(d) The initial letter a of aha is omitted in the original text.

TEXTS.

82

K
G

S
K
G
S
K
G

*ta
tata
tata
susushu
sususa
sususa

bhavati

ldam
ese

idam

mitasastuta
mitasathuti
mitasatuta

prananam anarambho
pananam analambho
3
pananam anarambho

datam bhatakanam
dasa bhatakasi
dasa bhatakamhi

nyatakanam
natikyanam.
nyatikanam

etam

etam

bhatena
bhatina
hhata

K
G

Pi

S
K
G

sastutana
santhutana
sastutana nyatikena

S
K
G

katavo
kataviye
katavyam

S
K
G

parata
palata
parata

Pi
Pi

tatha
tatha
tatha

vatavo
vataviye
vatavyam

anantam
anantam
anantam

Devanampiye
Devanampiye

S
K
G

cha

S
K
G

pujayene
pujayene

S
K
G

va
va

S
K
G

pasamlanam
pasandanam

31

gahathani
gharistani

La]a,
Eaja

va

Devanampiye
Devanampiyo

sala
sara

nena

tatha
tatha

manati
manyate

vadhina
vadhitu

tu "

atha
yatba

kinti
kiti

bahuvidha
bahuvidha

putrena
pute
putena

Pi
Pi

mitra
mita
mita
ide
iyam
idam

aradheti
aladhe
aradho

hoti
hoti

dharmadanena.
dhammadanena.
dhammadanena.

tena
tena
tena

pasandani
pasantlani

danena
danena

cha
pujayati

danam
dane
danam

XII.

sava
sava

pujati
pujayati

cha

"bho
bhavati

sadhu

pi
pi
va

sadhu
sadhu
sadhu

loka cha
lokikye dhikam
lokachasa

punyam krasava (a)

puna, pasavate
punyam

Piyadasi
Piyadasi

iyam
idam

iha
hida
i(ha)

EDICT
K
G

pitrena
pitina
pita

sa * *
na,
sadhu

mitrena
mikvena

pativesiyena
pativesiyena
pativesiyehi

karatam
kalanta
karu

inatapitushu
matapitisu
matari pitari

Bramana
Bambhana
Samana

va
sava
va

ava
ava,
ava

va

so
so
4
so
cha
cha
cha

Sramana
Samana
Bahmana

ese
sadhu

samapatipati
samyapatipati
samapatipati

tas,a
tasa

vividheya
vividhaya

cha

dane
danam

sala
sara

pavajitani
puvajitani

cha

va
va

vadhisiyati
vadhi asa

'
tasa

cha
tu

cha
cha

puja
puje

ava
sava

iyam
idam

(a). In Arian-Pali the two letters Tc and p may easily be mistaken; but as the dental-sibilant of Sliahbazgarhi differs
from the palatal sibilant of Klialsi, it is possible that the words may be different.

83

TEXTS.
s
K
G

mule
lnulam ya

S
K
G

galaha nam
garaha

K
G

32

ava
va

apakalanasi
apakaranamhi

lahaka
lahaka

pnjeta
pujeta

viya

S
K
G

hevam
evam

kalata
katam

S
K
G

upakaloti
upakaroti

va

* ta ata pasanda
atta pasanda

kinti
kinti

va palapasanda
parapasanda

va puja
puja

taua apa saka kate vam nosaya

va no bhave

K
G

S
K
G

chatuti

va
va

chu
tu

atapasanda
attapasanda

K
G

^ palapasanda (a)
parapasandam

S
K
G

atapasanda
attapasandam

dipaye
dipaye

S
K
G

'attapasandam

badhatale
badhataram

K
G

mannamanusa
manyamanyasa

dhammam
dhammam

K
G

Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa

ichha,
ichha

S
K
G

kalanaga
kalanyagama

cha ha
cha

badha
cha

koloti
karoti

apakaloti
apakaroti

tamsi
tamlu

tena
tena

vadhiyeti
vadha3'ati

atapasanda
attapasandam

ye

hi
hi

galahati
garahati

save
sava

ma
ma iti

suneyu
sunaja

ve yati eva
asu ye cha

34

va kinti
kinti

tatha
tatha

kalota
karoti

atapasanda pi sama viyeva

tasa ma
vayo eva

tata
tata

bahu
bahu

tata
tata

puyati
pujayati

bhatiya.
bhatiya

puna
puna

sususayu
susunsera

pi va
cha

palapasanda
parapasanaHa

atapasanda
attapasanda

atapasand
attapasanda

savapasanda
savapasanda

akalana
pakaranyena

tena
tena

ckhanoti
chhanoti

kacha
kachi

cha,
cha

pakalanasi
pakaranye

palapnsanda
pavapasaudasa

cha
cha

cha
cha

upahanti
upahanati

kinti
kinti

tamsi
tamhi

palapasanda
parapasanda

eva

tada, anatlia
tadantetha

va
Pi

siya,
asa

sadhu
sadha,

va ti
cha

puta {b)
suta {b)

pasannate
pasannate

hevam
evam

kinti
kinti

pi
hi

cba,
cha

hi
hi

vataviye
vatavya

(o). Here ptisanda is spelt with the dental s instead of the palatal s, as in other places of this latter part of the Khalsi text.
(6). Here it is difficult to say whether the engraver has changed the letters p and s, which are very much alike, as the two
words puta and suta have the same meaning.

TEXTS.

s
K
G

Devanampiye no
Devanampiyo no

S
K
G

kinti
kinti

sala,
sara

S
K
G

thaye
atha,

viyapata
vyapata

K
G

bhuniikya.
bhumika

S
K
G

.,
vadhi
vadhi

tatha
tatha

danam
danam]

vadhi
vadhi

siya
asa

dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata

ane
cha anya

cha
cha

puja,
puja

pasanda ti
pasandanam

cha

ithidhiya
itthijha

iyam
ayan

mannate
manyate

bahuka
bahuka

cha
cha

dipana (a)
cha dipana
cha dipana

hoti dhammasa
hoti dhammasa

va
va

sava
sara

35

nikaye
nikaye

vaya,
cha

va
va

atha
yatha

cha
va

etaya,
etaya

kha
kha

mahamata
maham ata

vacha
cha vacha

etasa
etasa

phaleyam atapasanda
phalaya
attapasanda

atha,
-

chha vepa
yepabhi

pitasa.
pitasa.

EDICT XIIIS
K

Devanampi'iyasa
Devanampiyasa

S
K
G

ma
ma

S
K
G

patesa
satesa
patasa

S
K
.G
S
K

Priyardasisa
Piyadasine

kali *
kalikhhyam

asra sata

sata
sata

apana
apana

etahatam
tatahate
etahatam

pasamatam
pasamatam

tari nata cha santa

tata, tha va sadhuna
tata pachha adhuna

Jadheshu
ladhesu
ladhesu

Kali (ngeshu)
Kalingesu
Kaiingesu

.*

S
K

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa

S
K
G

ta
ta

vata
vadha
vadho

vijitaviya
vijitavi

ti
va
va

ti
ti
-

ma mata
dhamanusathi cha
dhammakammata, dhammanusathi cha
*

*
*
* aha
sahaseye tupha aha

bahu
bahu
bahu

36

Q.

ta
vijita

vudhi
vudhena

ti *
tivate
tivata

ka
*
keva mite
kammata

ve
ve

dhar
dhammavaye
dhammavayo

Devanam piyasa je atiri anusaye

kayi (?)
kalikhyani

avijitamhiti
avijitamhi

maranam
maline
maranyam

sta
va
va

jina
jine

mano
mane

apada
apavaho
apavaho

yota
eta

va
va

(a) Here begins the legible portion of the inscription on the back of the Sbahbazgarhi rock.

TEXTS.
S
K
G

janasa
janasa
janasata

S
K
Gr

garamata
galamate (5)
gannamata

ye taram radhi Hpa

badham
badhi
badham

che

cha
ba
ba

ma
va
va

anava

shana
vedana
ve*dana

matu
mate (a)
mata

Devanam priyasa *
* ta cha
Devanam piyasa iyampichu tato
De

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa

matura
tale

85;

savata ha
savata

vasasti
vasati

gatethi
gihitha

vayesa
vayesu

mata
mata
mata

pitri
pita
pitari.

sususha
sususa
susunsa

sahaya
sahaya
sahaya

Bramana
Eambhand

S
K
G

Sramana
va Sama (c) va

S
K
G

etam
agine

S
K
G

sususha
susa (c)
susunsa

S
K

pratipapati tanam sharatam

patipati
dandhaliti tale

S
K
G

va
va

vadho cha anya natarika

abhilatanam vikhini khamane

S
K

avi pra
pe avipa

adi
hine

S
K
G

bhavasada
viyasanam
vyasanam

S
K
G

bhoti panti
pati pati
patipati

K
G

nathi cha sejana padeya ta

S
K
G

(
,
omitted.
cha samane cha, nathi cha, ku vapi janapadasi yatha nathi munisanam eka tala sa pi pasanisino
(
omitted.

bhoti
* *

pashanda
pasanda

S7

suusha
sususa
*
* sa

mitasantala
mitasanthata
mitasanstata

prapunati
papunata
papunoti

bhagam
bhagam
bhago

tara
mita

tatam
tata,
vata

apragatho
pasaghate

manampasharam pi sati
yesamva, pi vavi

sastata
anthuta

tarn
so
so

va
va

cha

ekatarehi
imenikaya
manusanam ekataramhi

pasandehi
anatayenesa
pasandamhi

(a) These two words may be read as muti and galamute.

(b) The na of samana is omitted in the original.
(e) The second su of this word is omitted in the original.

sava
sine

nyati
natikyo
nyatika

aya

vo
va

ea * *
sara ma

vadham
vadhe

hitanam
hitanam

sa
sa

pitesha
pitaname
pitesa

tana

bhotikanam
bhatika

cha atam sante man ey an am gatamanam cha

cha esa sava manayanam gula
vate ma
vasa sava
nasti.
nathi
nasti

jasha
* thasa

'

shusuri
gulu
guru

shunasa
sususa
sadasa

bhoti
hoti

santeta

atrasha
e tanam

nyatike
natiko
nyatike

hatha
vihita

upaghato
upaghata
upaghato
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
yato

39

(
Bambhane
(

86

TEXTS.

K
G

nanama
nama
na nama

S
K
G

nalagehata
Kalingesu pinete
6

nayas aka *

S
K
G

a cha

.ajagatra
ajagalu

prasade
pasade
pasade

sayame
se avata
yavata

cha
cha
. va

metam
mata
mitaneya
7

tarata
tat&

sata
puto

matra
mateva

jatuna
jane
janapada

rava
-

taraka
tada
*
*

apara
a
papavudha *
ataviyo

cha
cha
vapi

Bhagava
Bhagava

tre
ke
ko

cha
ha

sahasra
sahasa

Bhagava
Bhagava

Devamunpiyasa
Devaniampiyasu

yo pibho

S '

aprakati

yati

chha

mitratiya

xnatera

Devanampriyasa

yam sako chha manayaya pihi athabi Devanampriyasa a

2C

______

anatija

TT

_____

S
K
G

priya
(a)

S
K
G

samam
samam
samam

_______

piti

________

anatrape

pricha

______

vatiya
rabhasi
valiya
madavati
(5 letters) cheram
dharma
dhamma

cha
cha

bhutanam
# # *
bhutanam

sava
sava
7
sava

yo
ye

pabhatre

______

____

tarn bhoti rati anadeti

,

'

Devanam
-_

achhati
achhatim

aye
iya

vijayo
vijaye

_______

sayamam
* yama
sayamam

cha

cha
vu
cha

mati
masajuya
ma
#
*
#
madana
cha

sanam
se cha

danaladha
punaladhe

cha

Devanampriyasa
3 Devanampiyasa

' Devanam priyasa

Devanam pi

i a
*

G
S

K
G
S
K
G
S
K
G

save shu
save

ANTIYOKE
ANTIYOGE
*
*
*

ANTIYOKENA
ANTIYOGENA

chham
sacha

nama
nama
*
*
chatura
chatuU
chaturo

anteshu
atesu

Yona
Yona
* Yona
IIII
+

Eaja
*
Eaja
rajane
lajane
rajano

piyo jana
pichha jane

ash asu
asasu

paran
palan
paran

sacho
* *

cha
cha
cha

TURAMAYE
TULAMAYE
TUEAMAYO

shasantam
satsa ate

tena
tena,
tena
nama,
nama,
cha,

(a) The Khalsi text here begins again with the 2nd line on the S face of the rock.

TEXTS.
S
K
G

ANTIKINI
ANTEKINA
ANTAKANA

S
K

niche
nicham

S
K
G

heva

nama,
nama,
cha,

MAKA
MAKA
MAGA

Choda,
Choda,

nama,
na 6 ma,
cha

Panda
Pandiyd

avam
avam

10

S
K
G

Nabhaha Nabhamateshu
Ndbhaka-Ndbha-pantisu

S
K
D

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa

dhamannsasti
dhammanusathi
dhammanusastim

S
K
G

detanavam chantiti
neyantito

piautu
pisutu

S
K

dhamanuvidhiyanti
dhamma anuvidhiyama

S
K
G

savatam
savata
savatha

S
K
G

priti

S
K
G

mahavila
mahapha * li

menyati
mannanti

S
K
G

dhamalipi
dhammalipi

likhita
likhita

S
K
G

vijaya
vijayam
vijayam

S
K
G

chala va
* cha la-va

ls

danda
danda

Tambapaniya
Tambapanniyd

Devanampriyasa
Devanam pinniya (c)

vijaye
ta.
vijayo

12

kiti
kiti

Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
#
#
#

ha
va

piduta
piduti

11

13

etati
etaye

amanye
manisu
mam
ronche
loche

priti
sapiti

10

piti rasa seludha

piti
piti
parantika
palantikya

athaye
athaye

cha
ch&

prapotra
papota

shakhuda
sayakasi
nyasarasake
tutam rana
tutameva chu

asam
anam

me
me

yo
no
eva
vij a
vijayam

dhamanusasti
dhammanusathi

kena
kena
vija

neta
eta

vijaye u
gadha sa hoti
ladha sa

putra
puta

vijasavam
vijayantaviya
vijetavyam
ta
va

savatam:
savata :
savata :

dhamavutam tivena
lamavutam vadhanam

nivam akatutisam
sila haka ve kho

Devanampriyo
Devanampiye

Yona-Tcamboyeshu,
Yona-kabojesu,

Andhra-Pulindeshu
Andha-Palandesu, (&)
9
* dha-Pirindesu,

* cha 8a * ludha
achayo se ladhe

pitilase
piti raso

mevam
meva

anuvatantiyata
anuvatareyata

anuvadhiyesam
anuvidhiyisam

nama
nama

hevam
heva

visha tini
vishamvasi

Bhqja-PitiniJceshu,
Bhoja-PitiniJcyesu,

#
#
#

dhamavijaya
dhammavijayam
dhammavijayamhi

ma
ma
ma

ALIKASANDAKE
ALIKYASADALE

raja
laja

meva

vijaye (c)
puna

87

bhoti
hoti

bhoti
hoti
hoti
mevam
meve

ayo
iyam

14

chanam
navam

tijasajati
vijayasikhanti
vijayechhati
manyanye
manataye

(a) This word is not very clear: it may be pada or panda.

(b) The text is here very indistinct.
(c) The word vijaye is inserted in small letters above the line, having been originally omitted by the engraver.

88
S
K
G

TEXTS.
12

S
K
G

dhamavijaya
dhammavijayese

pida

paralokike
pala 16 lokiye

lokikya

titati bhotu ya num'a tata sai

kanilati ho * uga mala ti sapi

hidelokika
hidalokika
* i * lokika

EDICT
Devanampriyena
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyena

dhamalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi

S
K
G
D

1S

'
sukhitena
sankhitena
sankhitena

asti
athi
asti
athi

gantite
ghantite
ghatitam
ghantite
ghatite

ma olake
mahalake
mahalake
18
mahantehi
mahantehi

S
K
G
D
J

mi cheva
mi cheva
chema
i

amicha atra
nikyam athi mi heta
asti cha etakam
athi pa cha

hi
hi

19

S
K
G
D

madhuliyaye
madhuritaya
taya
madhuliyaye

21

asamatam
asamati
asamatam
asamati

Pisina (a) 1
Piyadasina
Piyadasino
Piyadasina

yena
kiti
19
kinticha
kinticha
likhitam
likhite
likhitam
likhitesam

jane:
jano:
jane
jane
desam
disa
asadesam
* * * sam

vithatena

: hahu
: hahu
: bahu
: bahu

20

ta *
tatha,
tatha
tatha
tatH

va
va
va

Eanyina
Lajina
Kanya
Lajina

vistitena
vithatena
vistatena

vijite
vijite
pivijitam
vijaye
vijaye

punapane
punapuna
punapuna

s
K
G
D
J

paranlokika,.
palalokikya.
cha. paralokika

cha.

XIV.

tesam nyitena
y0
athi
majhimena
asti
majhamena
majhamena
24
athi.
* jhimena.

S
K
G
D
J

cha.
cha

sava
sava

likhapita
likhapita
lekhapita
likhi * *

hi
no hi
nacha
napi
napi

cha
va
cha
ke cha

pratipajayati
patipajeyase
patipajetha
patipajeyati
patipajeyati

sankhaye
sankhaye
sachhaya

savatam sa
savata
savam (6)
save
save

likhite
likhite
likhitam
likhite

pa * shanata tasa tasa

ladhita
tasa tasa,
vutam
tasa tasa

athi yeva
asti eva,

savve
save
pavata
savata
savata

likhipasa
lekhapesa
likhapayisam
likhi yisa

athasa
athasa

sosiyaya atam kiche

saya ata kichhi
5
tata ekada
epi cha hetam
epi chu hetam

karanam
kalanam
karanam

va
va
va

(a) Sic in original.

(b) It is clear from the agreement of the other four texts that the initial p of this word Bhould be *. A single stroke
omitted by the engraver on the left Land of the letter has left the unfinished s a simple p.

TEXTS.
K
G
D

alochanti
alochayita
6
alovetta
* * ti -

lipikara
lipikala
lipikara
lipikala

89

sava aparadhena
paladhena va.
paradhena va.
* * * ti.

The Girn&r text originally concluded with a single isolated line, of which only the latter portion now
remains. It reads as follows :

# # * # * #

sweto

va

hasti

savaloka

sukhaharo

nama.

No. 6.
First separate Edict at Dhauli and Jaugada.
See Prinsep, Journal Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 441, and Burnouf, Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, pp. 671693.
D
J

Devanampiyasa
* Devanampiye

D
J

vataviyam.
vataviyi.

Am
Am

D
J

me
me

tu

pbe
phe (5)

duvale:
duvale:
hi
hi

sumunisanam
* munisanam
sa

hakam
# *

D
J

yujevu ti (he me hasa) (c) supi ichhami

he meva me iya sava

munisa
gamake
gamake

iyam
iyam

duvalate
duvalate

etasi

save 5 munise
sava munise

ga ve ma
ga ve ma

atha
atha

alabhe
alabhe

ham,
ham,

athasi

am
am

tuphe
tuphe

paja mama atha

paja
atha

kecha va
kecha

ichbami
ichhami

cha
cha

dukam
su *

viyopalaka (a)
viyopalakahe

tarn
tarn

panasahasesu
panasahasesu

hitasukhenam
hita sukhenam

vena
vena

nagala
hagale

bakam
hannam

bahAsu
bahusu

D
J

D
J

mahamata
mahamata

dakhami
dakhami

pativedayeham
pativedayeham

mokhyamata
mokhiyamate

* anusathi
anusathi

Tosaliyam
Samapayam

kiclihi
kichhi

e *
ena

D
J

D
J

vachanena
hevam aha

yujeyuti
no cha
ta he
eka
eka

kinti
kinti
esa cha
esa cha
61
BU

ayata

pana me
# # *

pajaye
pajij'e
hida lokika
hida logika

ichhami
ichhami
6

palalokikaya
palalokikayam

paphunatha
# # # notha
pulise
pulase

ava
ava

manati
#

(a) Prinsep reads v'ih&ldka omitting the second syllable yo, which is distinct in both texts. Burnouf reads the word correctly
as viyop&laka. The letter y is indistinct in the Dbauli text, but the vowel o is quite clear.
(J) The syllable tu is here omitted in the original text.
(c) The four sylables within brackets are taken from Prinsep. The space now blank is sufficient for about eight letters; but the
whole mayiiot have been engraved; and ts* e letters given by Prinsep were copied by Kittoe, although they have since been lost

90

TEXTS.

D
J

etam
* tain

D
J

pi niti
pi bahuka

sepi
sepi

desam
desam

yam
athiya eti

eka
eka

palikilesam
paliki * *

va

D
J

bandhanata ka: anne

bandha
cba yuve daya

cha
cha

D
J

ichhitaviye

hi:
hi:

D
J

Imehi
Imehi

tuphe
tuphe

chu
_,

" nithuliyena,
nithuliyena,

tulanaya,
tuliye,

:
me

kinti
kinti

D
J

cha savasa
savasa cha

D
J

ekilante siya
iyam nijat

D
J

etaviye
etaviye

va hevam mevam edam * * tupha katena

piniti yam eka
deveni
annane nijha

D
J

hevam
hevam

cha hevam cha

;
r

D
J

sampatipada
ma. pbalehati

D
J

swagasa (a) aladhino

swaga
aladb&no

D
J

makate manam; atileke sampati pajamino

samo
*
*va*

*
*

iyam
13
7

mule
mula

nate uga cha

samchalitu

15

maha

f jatanihu
jatam veva

anasulope
anasulope

atulana
cha * tu * *

samchalita
viyentu
uthaya * * tavyata

asampatipati
asampatipati

l&ja
laja

ladhi
dbi

cha
cba

va

va
va

vataviye
masaviye

se
*

tena
tena

tata
tata

isaya,
isa *

mati
ma *

asulopena,
asulopena,

se
hevam

mamati:
mohveyuti:

Devanampiyasa anusathi
Devanampi * * * s a *

apaye

patipadaye
patipataye

kalammathena,
kalamathanam,

D
J

dukbiyati:
vedayanti:

majham
majha

alasiyena,
* *yena,

vihita
vit&

va

akasma
* 5 * smaga

sampati pajati:
sampatipajati:

anavutiva,
anavutiye,

ete
eteni

hota
* ta

* * bahu janodaviye
vata bahuke

no
no

su"
su

bandhanm
bandhanam

kinti
kinti

tuphe etam
cha me pi

athaya

tata
* *

* * taye

jatehi
jatehi

papunati
papunati

dekhatehi
dekhathahi

P.ulise
munise

D
J

D
J

no savam
no savam

iohhitaviye
ichhitaviye

eta

cba
cba

sa

niti chham
ni *
*

hitaviya
titaviya
M

pi

...

aganam ne dekhata
.

maha. * * sa
# * *

tasa
8 jam

patipadayami nebi etannanthi

-- mahapaye boti vi patipatayam tanno
1S

duahalehi
du &hale

etam
ananeyam esatha

ima sakam
etasa

meva
masa

swagam
swagam

cha

(a) Here Burnouf with his usual sagacity suggested the true reading of swagasa, " du cieL" See Le Lotus, p. 681.

TEXTS.
D " aladhayisathiti
J
ala (dha) yasatba

tarn apaniniyam ehatha.

sotaviyam18
sotaviyam

Nakhatena

Iyam
Iyam

D
J

Tisa
Tisaui

D
J

sotaviya: hevain cha kalantam

*
*
*

D
J

athaye
athaye

viyopalaka sasatam samayam yujavii nagala:

D
"

ki sane vano siyati. Etaye cha athaye hakam

____________

D
J

vasesu22
vasesu

hosati: etam atham

D
J

picha
-'

D
j

no cha

D
J

nikhamisanti anusayanam,
anusayanam nikhamisanti;

janisanti

iyam
iyam

kumale
kumale

cha tise * * na
va
na

likhita hida
vata lipi

sikhanam ni (a) ekanapi

satatilaeka * pi

etayevam
vi * tasa

dhamma te (c)
__

tha

.
inahamata

panchasu
n pajicj^asu^

a chanda
a chanda

nikhamayisati
. . ..

cha

> nagala
nagala

akasma pali

sa khi nalambhe
phela hata * nelo

Ujenite (d)

hedisammeva vagam,
-..

Takhasilate pi (e) ada, am.

va chanika

atane
atina

"

panchasu
panchasu

kalati atha mama anusathiti.

athaye
te

tada ahapayita

etaye
etdye

ena
ena

e akha khase
mahamatam

a nu

jauasa (b) aksma pah bodha va 21

atikamayisati tinivasani he meva

______

]ipi
lipi

tuphe I9 cha ghatha

sampatipadayitave

'
iotave

nikhimayisami
nikhamayisami

janita

cha
cha

antalapi
alapi

lipi

anusayanam

91

kammam
kammam

* J 5 te maharaata
a
ma

etam pi
.

tarn pititha, kalanti atha lajine anusathiti.

(a) This letter is doubtful; it may be si.

(b) Burnouf reads yavaju-kasa, instead of nagala janasa, after which he allows a space for five letters.
(c) Here both Prinsep and Burnouf read mate, but the text does not repeat ma after dhamma.
(d) Ujeniya is the reading of both Prinsep and Burnouf, but the letter te is quite clear both in the photograph and in Mr.
Beglar's impressed copy.. Prinsep identifies Ujenio with Ujeniya, a youngei brother of Mahindo (Bengal Asiat. Soc. Jour.,
VII, 454); but Burnouf has rightly pointed out that Ujeniya was only a title of Prince Mahindo, who was born at Ujain
(see Le Lotus, p. 688).
(e) Here Burnouf reads etasi, supposing that the left limb of the letter s had been omitted by Kittoe j but the letter is
most distinctly pi and not si.

92

TEXTS.
No. 7.
Second Separate Edict at Dhauli and Jaugada.

D
J

Devanampiyasa
Devanampiye

D
J

kichhi
kichhi
3

duvalate
duvalate

D .
J

Etasi
Etasa

cha
cha

sumunisanam;
(omitted)

D
J

savena
savene

D
J

'
siya
ichhe eava manisa su saya

D mamaye
J heya 6 mamiyaye
D
J

dukha

D
J

kiye
kiye

D
J

..

D
J

athasi hakam
athaye hakam

D
J

chhandam
chhandam

ti

hidaloka
hidalogamL

cha
cba

me
me

cha
cha

cha

pajaye
pajaye

yujevuti
palalokike na

cha
cha me

ldchham
kinchham

cha
cha

anena (d)
anena
patinyo
patina

aphe suti eta kava

vagana
vigina
teno
teno

aha: kati
7

aladhayevvi
aladhayeyam

cha
cha

mevam me

mama
mama

dhammam
dhamma

etakena
etakena

hakam niti
kinti me

ichhati ame

lahevu
laseya

Devanampiya
Laja
cha
cha

ichhami
ichhami

vasu Laja
desu Laja

sukhameva
sukhameva

nimitam
. nimetam

veditam (ahayami) (e)

su a mama chiti

duvala.
duvala.

lievam
hevam

papunevute: iti Dev&nampiye

papuneyu: Laja

palalokam
palalogam

anusasami tuphe
tuphe vi anusasami

atha (c)
atha

pallaokikaye
hidalogika

avijitanam
vijitaaam

Aswasevu
Aswasepu

mama
mama

mokhyamata
mokhiyamate

bahusu pana sahasesu ayata jana me gachha cha

(omitted)

* nava iti khami tme:

la saha ne yukhamisa tie :

: khamitave
: khamitave

mahamata cha vataviya:

am
L6ja va cha nika vataviya, am

ha

paja mama
me paja

antesu
antesu

huve vuti,
.

hevam
hevam

hidalokika
yu(je) yuti

antanam
anta kutha

ma

esa
esa

sumunise
manisa

sukhena
sukhena

ichhami
ichha

ichhami

tuphe {b) hi anusathi tuphe hi

tuphe * anusathi (c)

save
sava

hita
hita

meva
me

tarn
tarn

alabheham;
alabheham;

athasi am
athasa am

D
J

TOSALIYAM Tcum&le
SAMAPAXAM
mahamata

dakhami (a) hakam

hakam
dakhami

D
J

vachanena:
hevam aha:

cha
cha

levii
lenya
_
8
cha

Etasi
etaye

hakam
hakam
mama

echa
echha

anusasitam

tuphe ni anusasitn
7
7

ajalasa
achalasii

hevam
hevam

'

(a). Burnouf reads dalchamiham followed by a gap as far as dtivalecha: but both the Jaugada and Dhauli texts support
Prinsep's reading. (See Lc Lotus, p. 692).
(b). After tuphe Bnrnouf omits all down to athapajaya; but Prinsep's reading is supported bj the Jaugada text as far
as it extends. This portion has peeled off since Kittoe's time, with the exception of the last two letters mama.
(c). In the Jaugada text the words from atha pajaye down to yujeyuti are repeated, and the words following anusathi
down to savamanise are altogether omitted.
(d). From this word down to ajalasa Burnouf supplied tho gap left by Prinsep, and his reading is generally confirmed
by that of the Jaugada text, as well as by Mr. Beglar*s photographs of the Dhauli inscription itself.
(e). I had already supplied ahayami from Burnoufs reading,, which is now fully confirmed by Mr. Beglar's photographs.

TEXTS.

93

D
J

katukam me chalitaviye aswa * * i cha tani enap&punevtl

iti.
Atha pita tatha
Devanampiye
katukam me chalitaviye aswasa kiyi cha ta ena te papune
. 10-Atha pita hevam ne Laja

D
J

aphaka:
ti

atha
atha

cha

D
J

hevam

anusampati

D
J

hakam
hakam

anusa-ita
anusasita

D
J

vutike
ayutike

hosami
hosami

D
J

cha

J)
J

kalantam
kalantam

D
J

ata,
ata

Etaye
Etaya

10

cha

chhandam
chhandam

tase
tasam

cha
cha

atba
atta

Etaye
Etasi

tuphe

nam (a) hevam

na

paja
paja

cha
cha

athaye
athasi

athaye
athaye

lipi
lipi

* samam
samam

D
J

iyam
iyam

D
S

kamam cba khano khanasi antalapi tisena

cha sotaviya 16 khanesantam

D
J

chaghatha
sanghatha

lipi
lipi

Asasanaye
Asasanaye

1S

(c) mama
mama

likhita:
likhita:

dhamma
dhamma

anachatun (e)
(ana) chatun

ekena
ekena

aphe
hetam a

Devanampiyasa
se
Lajine
tuphe ni

tuphe
tuphe

palalokikaye
palalokikaya

J)
J

cha
cha

yajisanti
yajesam

maye
maye

anusampati
anusampata

phaka
desa
taka pisi chiti patinacha ati lapa 12 desa

patibalahi (b)

aladayisatha
aladhayisatam

iyam
iyam

hevam
hevam

veda

* hidalokika
hitalogika

swagam
swaga

Devanampiye

hida
hida

chalanaye
chalena *

masam Tisena
masamsotatiya

aswasanaye
aswasanaye

hevam
hevam

hitasukhaye
hitasukhaye

cha
cha

cha
cha

ananiyam
ananeyam

ehatba.
esatha.

ena
ena

mahamata
mahamata

swasatam
saswatam (d)

cha tesu

antanam:
gatam:

nakhatena
Tisena

" sotaviya:
hevam
si * * viya: hevam

sotaviya,
antalapi

kalantam tuphe,
cha kalantam

sampa^i padayitave.
sampati patayitave.

(a) This word was omitted by the original engraver, and afterwards inserted above the line.
(6) In the Jaugada text the word preceding tuphe would appear to have contained only three letters, of which the last is
hi preceded by an anuswara, thasmaking the final syllable mhi. The word seems to me very like balamhi. Both Prinsep
and Burnouf read Dubalahi, which is certainly incorrect.
(c) tata is here inserted by Prinsep j but there is no space for the letters.
(d) Sic in original.
(e) Here Burnouf divided the true reading of anachatun masaro, which agrees also with that of the Jaugada text.

94

TEXTS.

No. 8.

EOCK INSCRIPTION AT SAHASARAM.

Transcript hy D E . G.
1

Devanam
sumi,
na

piyo
clia

hevam
b^dham

2 Savimcbhale
sadhike am
ammisam
deva [hu] sam

a [ba,
satilekani
palakamte
[sumi
ta.

badham

munisa
misam
deva
kata
pa Ia[kamasi hi]
vachakiye
pavatave.
Khudakena
hi
pala

Kamaminena
vipule
suag[e
khudakt; cha udBte
cha pa

5 lakamamtu,
amta
pi
cham
athe
-vadhisati,
vipulam
pi
6

diyadhiyam
sapamnalati

avaladhiyena

7 sata
vivutha, ti,
[yata] va;
a
8

thi hete

silathambha

[su

tata

phra]

pi

te.

iyam

ala[dhayita]ve.

janamtu,
vadbisati

diyadhiyam

adhitQi yani

palakam]

sa]kiye

BUHLER.

chilathitike

vadhisati

256

likhapaya

Ima

iyam

cha

sariivachhalani

Etena

cha

phale

atham.

savane

pavatesu

upasake*

Jambudipasi

i]yam

athaye

cha palakame

cha

amtalena

[n]o [cha

Se et&ye

am

iyam

hotu.

Iyam

vivnthena;

liUhapaya

mahatata

savane-,

cha

duve

thaya;

thayi.

BY DE. BDHIEE.Materials used: PI. xiv of General Cunningham's Corp. Insvr. Ind., Vol. I ; and a photograph
supplied by General Cunningham.
Line 1.The facsimile and photograph show that seven or eight syllables have been lost. The restoration of the
first six is absolutely certain on account of the identical readings of 11. and B.[adhit~\iyani is less certain. I take
it for a representative of adhitis&ni, caused by the change of s to h, and its subsequent loss, just as i Panjabi tih, thirty,
and iTcatti, thirty-one.
Line 2.Bead samvachhale, R. Six or seven letters have been lostB. and B. have two sentences corresponding
to this lacuna, containing sixteen letters. S. can have had one sentence only. The sense requires the sentence given
above. Read amisam according to B. Bead deva-httsam, as B. has deva-husu, and a verb is required. The vertical stroke
in the facsimile is the left band part of the letter h. This emendation I owe to Pandit Bhagvanlal Indraji. Read te
for ta, according to B.
Line 3.Read deva. The pala before the lacuna is probable from the photograph. The restoration is certain on
account of the corresponding passage in B., which here, as everywhere, substitutes the root paJcam for palaham. The
second and third lacunas have been filled in according to R,
Line 4.Restorations according to B. and B.Read savane.
Line 5.Read cha janamtu.
Line 6.Read savane; the facsimile has dute, but according to the photograph duve, which the sense requires, is at
least probable, if not certain.
Line 7.Restoration suggested by the fact that two syllables hare been lost, and a relative pronoun is desirable
though not absolutely necessary.

TEXTS.

95

No. 9.

ROCK INSCRIPTION AT RUPNATH.

Transcript by D R . G.
1

Devanam piye
paka

hevam

aha:

sa [va] ki no cha

ya

sumi

2 badhi

no cha

cha savane kate:

janamtu;

masa,

sakiye

pipule

khudaka

cha

Iyarix

4 kiti? chirathitike

pakare
siya.

vadhisiti,

athe pavatisu
6 silathubhe
yavatakatu

Satileke

imaya

va [sa],
chu

ya sumi
chhavachhare,

udala

esa

phale,

hi ka.
arodhave.
cha

hi athe

Etiya

athaya

pakamamtu ti,

vadhi

diyadhiyarii
hadha

valata
lakhapeta
abale,

amisa

ata pi cha

cha

apaladhiyena

silathambhasi
paka

svage

Jambudipasi

Fakamasi hi

Khudakena

Iya

lekhapeta

kalaya

kata.

mahatatapa-potave:

3 pi parumaminena

cha

Yi

te daniti
esa

pakate.

adhitisani

samgha-papite

cha pakate.

deva-husu,

satirakekani

badhi

haka

BUHLEE.

vayata.

savara-vivase

vadhisiti,

vipula

vadhisati.
cha;
Etina

tavayati.

Iya cha

athi
cha

vayajanena

Vyuthena

savane

Line 1.Bead sattteMni, the letter ft- looks blurred, and is a mistake for "i For pdAdread haka.

There is a faint

kate

[su 5 phu] 256

sa

6 ta-vivasa ta.
NOTES BY D B . BUHIEQ.Materials used: Two robbings forwarded by General Cunningham.

mark between sa and hi which may be va;s&oaJci is required as synonym for upasake;samgha
possible reading, as the letters appear to be half effaced. The reading given above is supported by B.

ushite is a

Line 2.Under the vd of devd-husa there is a vertical stroke resembling an . Probably it is intended to indicate
the absorption of the initial a of ahusv, and is the oldest form of the avagrdha Q. Bead esa for esa, A letter may
have stood between JthudaJcend hi and lea. But I rather think the marks in the impression are accidental scratches.
Line 3,Beadpalcamaminend/

vipule; drddhave;the

long d in paJc&re is not quite certain.

96

TEXTS.

No. 10.

ROCK INSCRIPTION AT BAIRAT.

Transcript ly D R . G. BUHLER.
1

Devanam

piye

vasa nam

ya

Jambudipasi

[n]o-

hi esa

vipule

pi

amte pi

diyadhiyam

aha:

sati [lekani

haka

am

upasake

mamaya
anrisa,-

mahatane
svamge

janamtu

vadhisati

*ie

sa

badham

papayite [bajdham cha *

devahi

vi

vachakaye

*[pala]

[sa]kye
ti

n[o cha]

samghe

nam

aladhetave

chilathiti [ke] * *
[n phu]

* *

[pa la] kamasi

rumaminena
[khuda] ka

[vijpulam

ya

esa [pha] le
* *

cha udala cha

pa

palakamatu

ti

vi vadhisati

56

NOTES BY Dr. BUHLEB.Materials used: Cunningham, Corp. Inscr., Vol. 1, PI. xivand a cloth copy made by Pandit
Bhagvanlal Indraji.
Line 1,Cloth copy : devanam. The remnants of three letters towards the end of the line are also from the latter.
Line 2. Corp. Inscr.paJca. Cloth copy shows lower part of M[O]Corp. Inscr.Iddhi. Cloth oopy has rem,
nants of these letters towards the end of the line.
Line 3.Cl.payaye ate and ladhi. In the cloth copy the top of dhd is wanting.
Line 4.Cloth copy: amisd-na deve pi and omits vi. I conjecture amisdnam devani [su tedd^ni.
letters laka appear on the cloth copy. C.I.mast.

Portions of the

Line 5. C.I. begins the line ha hi: the cloth copy shows o clearly.C.I. mapdtane. I think mdhatana should he
read, as the word forms a compound with vachakaye. Read [pala] Jcamamimend. The cloth copy omits ya
.pa,
which are not easily explained.
Line 6.Cloth copy: vipule Mm svagetaicyeC.I.vipulepi
svamge Tciye. The above reading is conjectural, but
supported by the analogy of S. and JS. Possibly saJciye may be the right form. Towards the end C.I. reads [khuda"] led
che, which is incorrect.
Line 7.Cloth copy omits am [te], shows half a ta instead of ti in chilathiti [}ce~\, and omits pu in [vi] pulan.
Line 8.Cloth copy: diyadhiya vadhasai, and omits the numeral signs. I must confess that I doubt the correctness of the latter, on account of their position.
NOTE BT GENEEAL CUNNINGHAM.These numeral signs were brought to my notice by my Assistant, Mr. Carlleyle, the dis-.
coverer of the inscription. I have since had fresh impressions made of the whole inscription, from which the dotted
numerals given in the plate were taken. Mr. Carlleyle thought that he could trace three numeral figures. That there
are marks on the rock at the end of the inscription is quite certain, but as I have not examined the rock myself, I am.
unable to affirm positively that they are numerals.A. C.

TEXTS.

97

No. 11.
SECOND
Bur Piyadase
Wil Piyadasi
A. C. Piyadase
Bur cha
Wil cha
A. C. cha

Laja
Laja
Laja

magadhe
magadhe
Magadhe

phasuvihalatam
pisu vihalatam
phisu vihalatam

cha
cha
cha

KOCK.

Saugham
Saugham
Saugham

viditeva,
viditeva,
viditeve,

abhivademanam.
abhivademanam
abhivademanam
bhante, avatake
bhante, avatake
bhante, avatake

Bur dhammasi
Wil dhammasi
A. C Dhammasi

sanghastti
sanghaslti
sanghasiti

galavenchamL
golave cham (?)
golave cha

Bur . 3 bhagavata
Wil Bhagavata
A.C. Bhagavata

budhena
Budhena
Budhena

bhasite
bhasite
bhasite

save
save
save

disiya
diseya
diseya

hevam
bevam
bevam

Bur

A.C.

bhante,
bhante,
bhante,

pamiyaye
pamiyaye
pamiyaye

Bur
Wil
A.C.

alahami
alahami
alahami

hakam
ha(ki)
hakam

wii

Bur vinayasa
Wil vinayasa
A. C. vinayasa

makase
makase
mukase (b)

Bur
Wil
A.C.

xtpatisapasina
(u) patasa pasine
Upatisa pasine

Bur
Wil
A.C.

bhagavata
bhagavata
Bhagavata

Bur
Wil
A.C.

ichhami
ichhami
ichhami

Bur
Wil
A.C.

sunayucha
sunayucha
sunayucha.

Bur
Wil

eha
cha
cha

A.

eteni
etaai
eteni

tava
tava
tavi
s

eva
echa
eeha
budbena
budhena
Budhena

kitibihuke
kiti bahuke
kinti bahuke

upadhaleyayu
upadhaleyeyu
upadhaleyeyft
bhunte
bhunte
bhunte

pasade
pasade
pasade

tava,
tave
tave

aliyavasani
aliyavasani
aliyavasani
6

ha,
ha
ha
cha
cha
cha

se
se
se

imani,
imani,
imani,

vade
vada
v&de

yecha,
yecha
yecha

bbikhani
bhikhani
bhikhuni

imam
ima (m)
imam

chilasatiti ke
chila (va) ti ke
chilathiti ke

meva
meva
meva

likhapayami
likha, (pa) yami
likbapayami

upasaka
upasaka
upasaka
abhimati
abhi heti
abbi peti

bosatiti
hosatiti
bosatiti

dhammapayoyani (a)
(dham) mapaliyayani
dhammapaliyayani
moneyasAte
mauneya sftte
moneya siite

musavadam
musava(cha) m
musavadam (c)

bhikhapa
bhikhapa
bhikhu(rf) pa
hevam
hevam
hevam

echukho,
echu kho,
echu kho,

munigatha,
muni gatha
muni gatha,

bhante
bhante
bhante

budhasi
budhasi
Budhasi .
bhante,
bhante,
bhante,

bhante,
bhante
bhante,

etani
etaai
etani

ma
ma
ma,

subhasiteva
subhasite va
subhasite va

bhasite
bhasite
bhasite

va,
cha
cha

apabadhatam
apabadhatam
apabadhatam

ekechi,
ekechii,
ekechi,

sadhamme
sadhamme
sadbamme

anagata bhayani
anagata bhayani
anagata bhayani

laghulo
laghulo
Laghulo

aha
aha
aha

adhogichya
adhigachya
adhigichya
dhammapaliyayani
dhamma paliyayani
dhamma paliyayani
yecha,
jecha
yecha
cha.
cha
cha

abhikhinam
abhikhinam
abhikbinam
upasika
upasika
upasika

me cha umtiti.
maja (nan) titi,
mejanantiti.

(o) The omission of the syllable li is no doubt the printer's fault, as Burnouf gives the word in full in the last word but
one of the 6th line.
(b) I read mulcase, and so did Captain Burt.
(c) Certainly dam, the curve is on the wrong side for cham as proposed by Wilson.
(d) The manner of attaching the vowel at the foot of the Jch was perhaps unknown to Burnouf and Wilson, It occ urs
Again in bhikhuni.

98

TEXTS.
No. 12.
KHANDAGIBI K-OCK.
See Prinsejp in Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1080, (a)

1 J. P. Namo
A. C. Namo

Arahantanam
Arahantanam

namo
namo

J. P. mahameghavahanena
A. C. mahameghavahanena

chetakajate *
chetaramjava savam

J. P. chaturantalatha
A. C. chaturamkalatha
2 J. P. pandarasa
A C. pandarasa

vasani
vasani

raja
vaja

siri-kadara
siri-kadara
vapara
vepara

bhivijayo
bhivijapo (b)

3 J. P. kalinga-raja
A. C. kalinga-raja

vansa-puri
vansa-puri

J. P. Abhisita
A. C. Abhisita

mata
mato

J. P. patisankharayati.
A.C patisankharayati.
J. P. bathupayasi
A. C tMpa (?) payati

J. P. gaja
A. C. yejam
J. P. dasanaya
A. C. disenoya

vase,
vase,
nara
nara

avalonam
uvalena.

kidita-kumarakidika,
kidita-kumarakidika,
sava-vijavadatena
sava-vijavadatenam

tato
tato
navavasam,
navavasani,

danava
danava

dhamena
dhamena

maharajabhisechanam
maharajabhise-chanam
vatavihatato
vatavihatato

khidhira
khimbira

yanipati
yanampati

papunati
papunati

pura-pahara
pura-pakara

nivesam
nivesanam

tadaga
tadiya

sitala
isitala

panyo
padiyo

cha
cha

santhapa (nam) cha.

santhapanam cha.

satasahasehi
satasahasehi

achitayita
achitayita

vatanam
vatananta

sikhira
sakava

chavavisati-vase
chatuvinsati-vasesu

sanyuge,
samyuge,

Kalinga-nagari
Kalinga-nagari

radha
radha

khanena
khanena

tatiye.
tatiye.

panatisirasihi (c)
pannitasidhi

4 J. P. karayati;
A. 0. karayati;
J. P. cha
A. C. cha

puna
puna

maharajena
maharajena

pasathasukelapasatliasukela

sariravata,
sariravata

vapa dhamavase
champadhamavase

sava
sava

Airena
Airena

chhadanena
dhanena

vidhi-visara-dena
vidhi-visara dena

pansasivase,
pansasivasa,

J. P. sesayavena
A. 0. sesayovana

Sidhanam
Sidhanam

kalingadhipatirasi
tena kalingadhipaticha

ganena
ganena

J. P. lekharftpa-gana-nava
A. C. lekharupa-gana-nava
J. P. hota
A. C. hota

sava
sava

sotekare
sotakani

pakatiyo
pakatiye
pachhima
pachhima

bahula
darin
bahulalanam te
sakanagara
sakanagara

pathapayati
pathapanati
vasino
navaye

ranjayati
ijayata

datiya
datiye

disam,
disam

haya
iha

kansabanagataj-a
sabanagataya

punavase
punavase

(a) The differences between Kittoe's text, which Prinsep used, and the text of the photograph of the plaster cast are so
numerous, that I have thought it better to give my own reading from the new text, than to note the many variations.
(b) Reading of last syllable doubtful.
(c) The last two letters of this word would appear to have been accidentally repeated by Kittoe. This is a very common
occurrence with hand-made transcripts.

TEXTS
6 J. P.
A. C.

gandhava
gandhava

veda-budho-dampana
veda-budha dampana

J. P.
A. C.

samaja
samaja

J. P.
A.C.

vijadharadhivase
vijadharadhivasam

J. P.
A.C.

(gap)
(about 10 letters)

vata
vata

(a) bhigarehi
bhigarehi

taratana
taratanam

6 J. P.
A.C.

karapanahi
karapanahi

tabhata
tagi (?) ta

vadita
vadita

kidapayati
kadapayanti

nagari
nagari

a (ra) hata
puba
a (no letter) hata puva

J. P.
A. C.

Pachachadanivase
Panchapanchadanivase

J. P.
A. C.

vaja
vata

panadi
panadi

A. C.

cha

sandesam

7 J. P.
A. G.

cha
cha

dhama
dhama

NANDA
NANDA

tosa

Kalinga
Kalinga

(not rendered)
tisapata (?) ijati (?)

sapatena
sapataye

nagara
nagara

99

savarathika
savarathika
Raja
Raja

pasesa
pavesa

sata-sahasani
sata-sahasani

J. P.
A. C.

pasasato
pasa sato

vajaragharavedham
vajarighavadhasatima

J. P.
A.C.

narapa
(gap)
thame
vase manam
narapa ketana (about 18 letters) ye thame cha vase mananti
raja
raja

panadena
<

J. P.
A. C.

i
ii
navam rana ba (about 24 letters)

9 J. P.
A. C.

kapam
kapam

pambatasena

nkba
ukha

J. P .
A.C.

anatika-gana
anatika-gava ?

J. P .
A. C.

paradadati,
sara dadati

haya
haya

visajati
visejati (a)

satam

cha

nikhita

bhojakepa
bhojakepa

devam
devam

ughatitam
ughatitam

chhata (?)
dapayati
dasayati.

tannisaraliya
tanamsuliyam

sabhisori cba * * hasa

upapidapayati:
upapidapaynti:

vahayati:

mora
mora

satamanchatisam
satamachavesam

savata
savata

kaha
koha

dapanna
dapana

ta
ge giri
mena* ya * * * tapabhate dare sari idha.
dhatinam
dhatinam

pammuchita
pamachitu

cha
cha

kammupadana
kamraapadana

madhuram
madhuram

apanata
apayato

dadati
dadati ya (c) (5 letters) pira chako (6 letters) palavamake.

gaja (lulapa?)
gaja (2 letters)

nirasasahanancha
yasuvagahanancha

porajanapadam
orajanepadam

gharini
gharini

'

gabham
gambhu (3)

J. P.
A. C.

vasati

vane.

anekani
anekani

ghatapayita
ghatapayita

te

vivuthevase
vivutbevase
Rajani
Rajan

* viso (about 10 letters)

vakara

usava
usava

Tatha
Tatha
puva
puva

tivasata
tivasasata

anugaha
anugaha

8 J. P.
A. C.

sandasanahi
sandasanabi

sahaya
sahaya

kar&yitun,
karajntum,

sesa
sesa
ba
ba

cha
cha

ghara
ghara

imananam
imanonam

vsaya,
vasaya
jatapa
japuha

arapato (about 40 letters).

(a) The initial letter may perhaps be a p , but as I can see no upturn to the right, it looks to me like an initial o.
(5) The reading of this word is doubtful.
(c) This letter y is placed above the line, and was evidently inserted afterwards.

100

TEXTS.

10 J. P.
A.C.

* # #
venati

J. P.
A.C.

atha hita

J. P.
A.C.

karathavasa

J.P.
A.C.

thayi lana (3 letters) .

11 J. P.
A. C.

raja
raja

manati
manati

dasarasahasehi

puve
puve

raja
raja

nakasayatta
nakasamyata

j # p#
A. C.

# * * amaradehasa
bhidasitamaradehasa

J. P.
A. C.

'
(4 letters) pahahi vitisiyata

rajani

J.P.
A. C.

sudiha

sata

J.P.
A.C.

pariha

J. P.
A. C.

dato
*

14 J. P.
A. C"

*
*

cha

ta vamaga

manga

13 J. P. * * *
A. C. (11 letters)
J.P.
A. C.

pata
pata

(4 letters)

ta
tu

mani
tavana *

jalo
jiva

sati

(10 letters)

MAGADHA

* si novasikariti
* * novasikariti

ru * ni upa lebhata
dambha
dambha

terasa
terasu

barasa
barasa

baha

jinasa

ratanani
ratanani

daga
daga

cha
che

nagare
nagalo (?)

vase
vase

~
madava (21 letters)

vipula (ya) bhayam

raj an am

* ya (4 letters)

yo

satake
sataka

he

cha

gangaya

paya

siri
pithirajane.
utara patharajano.

vasadana than harenam

*
*

karayati
karayati

datibhisara

soti

pithu
pithu

bhavana
bhavana

dhanam cha

yati * * ma

yatana

nivesatam
nivesatam "

janapade,
janapuda

(11 letters) ma

J.P.
A.C.

pasadam

chatuse *

ja * saniji (3 letters)

J. P.
A. C.

J.P.
A.C.

dasame

mahavijaya
mahavijaya

pa * na maha Java (7 letters) ra cha bi yati (9 letters)

(10 letters)

12 J. P.
A. C.

pandarasa
pandarasa

Vasasa
ralakhila
ralakhilaye

asita

na * piva

janeto hathasam

sitapa

ma

deva

ata

dapam

(5 letters)

yati

rota

na

yam ri (5 letters).
BABANASI
BABANASI

masariya

hirananivenayati
hiranani cha iyati

che

hathi *

maha

ri

rajine

aharopayati.
aharapayati

idha

'
sante

terasamava
terasamava

vasesu
vasesu

anekani
nibhayoka

ribha.

panchata (a)
pavata

(a) In Kittoe's copy this word may be read as pabata, thus agreeing with my reading of pavata.

naveoa

vijaya
vijaya

TEXTS.
J. P.
A. C.

chana
chanam

kumari
kumari

A. C.

sidinaya

yapujake

J. P.
A. C.

ujani

15 J. P.
A. C.

kata

pasange
pavate (a)

sakata

J. P.
A. C.

tanape

simapusa

J. P.
A. C.

subbare
subbare

va + bbasa

J. P.
A. C.

* * pipe

16 J. P.
A. C.

(10 letters)

patalake
patalake

J. P.
A. C.

'
cbacbo

'
yatha

J. P.
A. C.

raja,
raja

J. P.
A. C.

agisati
agesati

(17 letters
)
(7 letters) ta * * *
dhagata
dbaraguta

raja
raja

chana
cbako

katariyam
katariyam
pasata
pasata

kusalo
kusalo

karakara *
makaraka* *
pavata
pivata

kharavela
kbaravela

vasa

saurase (na) raja, * ma raja,

sambbi? * * *
ja nama raja,

u vi se
(11 letters) ruta pano cbbise (?)

aneke
anake

cbako
chaka

* *

disanam
dasinam

napadachbati
napadayati
sagbate
sanauto

samipe
samipa

pita

gbipa
dhanani
dbadayana

tbambhe
tbabhe

pati (tba)
pati tba

ya kala cbe cbinam

agama
agama

anubbivato

sava
sava

pasanda
pathabbi (d)

patihata
padahata

lakivahani
chakovahani

rajasanka
rajasavam

sidiya
sidaya

gabha
gabbe

sitani

kapuri khita (7 letters) ?

yajana
yojana

cheteghariya
cbetegbariya

cha

nasa

basani

vinsi lapi bhagbapatha

chatara
chatara

pannantariyasa

J, P.
[ A. C.

kaniani
kayani (c)

sata
suta

cba

gbisipa

daveni

vihitanancha
vihitenam cha

matba

pi
bi (b)

jivima

pupanain.

payati
payati

J. P.
A. C.

cbenam

ladirana

rava

sainelasa

J . P.
A. C.

17 J. P.
A. C,

punavasata
punavasata

arahate
arabato

hira * ladatini

uvasa}re

(11 letters)

101

raja
raja

savatba
savatba

ranani
ranani
pujan (iya)
pujako

lavinai'avato
sakula vini gato

balevuka
tbalo chako
mab/ivijaye
mahavijayo

sanda.
sirino.

(a) This word is quite clear.

(b) Perhaps parinavasanta.
(c) This word is quite clear.
(d) The letters of this word are indistinct.
may be right.

I have given what they appear to be to my own eye; but Priusep's reading

TEXTS,

102

No. 13.
DEOTEK SLAB.
Left Inscription.
1

Saini

anyapayeti

2 hanam
var.

to

3 ame
var. ama

cha
chli

4 dato
var. dato

badham to

Chikambari

* * sa
pa *

va * ta

saradaui * * natba
sakadam kura, * va

* * * *

nala

30. 4. 3.
le

He. Pa. I.

nam * na

Di. 14.

Right Inscription.
1
var.

Chikkamburi

* sa * *
sa dyi pn

2 sa ja tra ?
var. pa
2 Pururava ?
var. da. ma

4 yansa (pvi)
rar.

trasya
tasya

5 Sena Eajuya
var.

* * cha

baiya ya
banyya ya
*

Rudra.

dharmnia
* miaa sy

Budlxe?

CAVE INSCRIPTIONS.
BARABAR.
No. 1.
Stiddma Cave.
1 Lajina
2 iyam

Piyadasina
Nigoha kubha

duvadasa
dina

vasabhisitena
adivikemhi (a)

No.
Viswa Cave.
1 Lajina
2 dasa
3 kubha
4 dina

PiyadasinS.
vasabhisitena
Khalatika
adivikemhi (b)

duva
iyam
pavatasi

No. 3.
Kama Cave.
1 Laja
2 sati
3 adamathatima
4 sumpiye
5 na (c)

Piyadasi
vasabhisitena
iyam
Kbalanti

ekuneviumetha
kubha
payata di

NAGARJUNI CAVES.
No. 4.
Vajpiyalca Cave.
1 Vapiyake kubha
2 anantaliyam
3 Bhadantehi
4 achandama

Dasalathena
abhisitena
vasanisidiyaye
suliyam.

Devanampiyena
adivikemhi
misithe

No. 5.
Gopika Cave.
1
2
3
4

Gopika kubha
yena
vikemhi
nisitha

Dasalathena
anantaliyam
Bhadantehi
achandama

Devanampi
abhisitena adi
vasanisidiyaye
suliyam.

(a) The last six letters of this inscription are not given in Kittoe's copy (Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal XVI, PI. IX,
No. 5), but they are quite legible, in spite of a determined attempt to obliterate them with a chisel. Burnouf sagaciously
corrected Kittoe's reading of Nigopa to Nigoha, which is the name of the cave, that is, the Nyagrodha, or Banian Tree Cave.
" Le Lotus," Appendice, 780.
(6) My reading of this inscription agrees in every letter with that of Kittoo's copy and Burnouf's transcript.
(c) In the first line Kittoe read eMnevisili, which Burnouf corrected to cJconavisati. The rest of this inscription is
indistinct, and is so imperfectly given by Kittoe, that Burnouf could make nothing of it. The only part that I have been ahla
to restore with certainty is the name of the Khalati or Khalanti hills, which occurs also in No. 2." Le Lotus," Appendice,
780.

TEXTS.

104

No. 6.
Vadathika Cave.
1
2
3
4

Vadatbika kubba
piyena
divikembi
nisitlia

Devanain
abbisitena a,
vasanisidiyaye
suliyam.

Dasalatbena
anantaliyam
Bhadantehi
acbandama

These three inscriptions, which were first published by Prinsep, have had the advantage of Burnouf's critical correction.
Prinsep's texts and versions will be found in the Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal, Vol. VI, 676; and Burnoufs revised texts
and translations in Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 775-776. Dasaratha was the grandson of Asoia, and succeeded to the throne
in B. C. 218, in which year these inscriptions are dated.

KHANDAGIRI.
No. 1.
Natneless Cave.
Pada-mulikasa

kusumasa

lenain.

No. 2.
S?iake Cave.
Cbulakammasa

kotba jaya

cba.

No. 3.

Kamase
Nyacbo

ra

Snake Cave.
* * * kbi

pasade.

No. 4.
Tiger Cave.
J.p. Ugara
A.C. TJgara

sasuvino
sabbutino

avedasa
akhadasa

lonain
Tenam

No. 5.
Nameless Cave.
J.P. Mapamadati
A.C. Mapamadasa

yanakiyasa
nakiyasa

bakaya
baniyaya

lonaui
lenaua

No. 6.
Paw an Cave.
J.P. Cbulakumasa
A.C. Cbula krammasa

paseta
pasato

kothaja (ya).
kotbaja.

No. 7.
Manikpnra Cave.
J. P. Verasa
A. C. Airasa
J.P. * kadepa
A. 0. * depa

uiabarajasa
lmiharajasa

Kalingadhi patano
Kalhigadbipatino

sinno
siriuo

lonatn
lenain

ma (hainegba) raba (na)

105

TEXTS.
No. 8.
Jdanikpura Cave.
J. P. kumaro
A. C. kumaro

Vattakasa
Yaddakasa

Ion am
lenam

No. 9.
VaiJcnnta Cave.
J. P. Arahanta
A. C. Arahanta

Kalinga *
Kalinganam

pasadanam
pasadanam

J. P. rajinolasa * *
A. C. Kajino Lalakasa *
J. P. Kalinga
A. C. Kalinga

ya * nanam
Samananam

2 hethisahasam
2 hathi sahanam
# * * # # *
cha * # # #

Ion a
lenam

panotasaya
panatasa
velasa
velasa

kadatam
karitam

cha tino
3 agamahi
3 agamalii

pitakada
pidakada

No. 13.
RAMGARH CAVES IN SIRGUJA.
I.~8it& Bdnjird .Cave,
line 1 Adipayanti
eha tayam
2 dule
kudastatam

liadayam

sada

vasantiya
evam

va garaka

hii
alangi.

savand

blifite

//.Jogi Mara Cave.

,.

Sutannka nama

2 Devadasinyi
3 Sutanuka nama
,. 4 tarn
i

Deva

Deva

dasin}'!

kamayi tha

balanaseye

dina nama

lupadakhe

N. JB,The texts of these cave inscriptions have been taken from Mr. Beglar*a paper impressions. For No9. 4 and 9, I
have had the advantage of consulting the photographs of Mr. H. H. Locke's plnstcr-of-Paria casts; No. 1 is a new inscription.

PILLAR INSCRIPTIONS.
EDICT

{Delhi, North.)
D. S.
B. M.
A,
L. A,
L. N.

D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.

Devanampiye

Piyadasi

Laja

hevam

aha:

Saddavlsativasa2

Devanampiye
Devanampiye
Devanampiye

Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

Laja.
Laja
Laja

hevam
hevam
lie vain

aha:
aha :
aha:

Saddavlsati vasabhisitename
Saddavlsati vasabhisitename
Saddavisati vasabhisitename

iyam

dhammalipi

lyam
iyam
iyam 2

dbaminalipi
dhammalipi
dliammalipi

hidatapalate

likhapita

hidatapalate
hidatapalate
hidatapalate

likhapita
likhapita
likhapita

abhisitenatne

dusampatipadaye
dusampatipadaye
dusampatipadaye
dusampatipaday e

Annata
2

Annata
Annata
Annata

D. S.
3). M.
A.
. A.
L. N.

agiiya

dhammakainataya

* agaya

palikhaya,

agaya
agaya
agaya

dhammakamataya
dhammakamataya
dhammakamataya

agaya
agaya
agaya

palikaya,
palikhaye,
palikhaya,

D. S.

bhayena,

* agena

usahena,

esa

cliukhomama

anusathiya

A.
L. A.
L. N.

bhayena,
bhayena,
bhay na,

agena
agena
agena

usahena,
usahena,
usahena,

esa
esa
esa

chukhomaina
cliukhomama
chukhomama

anusathiya
anusathiya
* anusathiya

D. S.

dhatuma kamata

cha

suve

suve

vadhita,

vadhisati

che va

A.
L. A.
L. N.

dhammakamata
* dhammakamata
dhammakamata

cha
cha
cha

suve
suve
suve

suve
snve
suve

vadhita
vadhita
vadhita

vadhisati
vadhisati
vadhisati

che va.
che va
che va

D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

pulisapi

cha

])ulisapi
pulisapi
pulisapi

a
a
a

me
me

agaya

sususaya,

agena

agaya
agaya
agaya

sAsusaya,
sususaya,
sususaya,

agena
agena
agena

dhamma pekha,

* dhammapekha,
dhammapekha,
dhammapekha.

ukasa

cha

gevaya

cha

majhima cha

ukasa,
ukasa
ukasa

cha
cha
cha

gevaya
gevaya
gevaya

cha
cha
cha

majhima cha
majhima cha
majhima cha

anuvidhiyaiiti

sampatipadayanti

cha

anuvidhlyanti
anuvidhi3ranti
anuvidhiyanti

sampatipadayanti
sampatipadayailti
sampatipadayanti

cha
cba
cha

alanchapalan
4

alanchapalau
alafichapalaii
alanchapalau

samadapayitave
samadapayitave
samadapayitave
samadapayitave

(a) The word cha is omitted in these three texts.

hemeva
hemeva
6
hemeva

TEXTS.
9

D. S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

aiita
anta
auta
anta
anta

D. S.
D. M..
A:
L.A.
L.N.

dhammena
dhammena
dhammena
6
dhammena
dhammena

D. S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.

{Delhi, North.)
Devanampiye
11
Devanampiye
5
Devanampiye
7
Devanampiye
8
Devanampiye

D. S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L. N.

dhammeti
dhammeti
dhammeti
dhammeti
dhammeti

D. S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.

pime
pime
pime
pime
pime

D. S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

vividhe me

anugahe

vividhe me
vividha me
vividhe me

anugahe
anugahe
anugahe

D. s;

bahuni

D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.

bahuni
bahuni
bahuni

mahamatapi
mahamatapi
mahamatapi
mahamatapi
mahamatapi

vidhane,
vidhane,
vidhane,
vidhane,
vidhane,

107

esahi

vidhi

ya,

iyam.

dhammena

esahi
esahi
esahi

vidhi
vidhi
vidhi

ya
ya.
ya

iyam
iyam
iyam

dhammena
dhammena
dhammena

20
20

dhammena
dhammena
dhammena
dhammena
dhammena

sukhiyana,
su
sukhiyana,
sukhiyana,
sukhiyana,

EDICT

D. S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

12

apasinave
apasinave
apasinave
apasinave
apasinave

bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe
6
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe

13

kayanani

Laja
Laja
Laja
Laja
Laja

difine,
difine,
dinne,
dine,
dine,

kate;
kate;
kate;
ka$e;
kate;

katani;
katani;
katani;
katani;
11
katani;

likhapita.

kayanani
kayanani
kayanani

Hevam

13

apana
apane
apana
9
apana
apana

14

likhapita.
likhapita.
likhapita.

Hevam
Hevam
Hevam

gotiti
gotiti
gotiti

cha.

etaye
etaye
etaye
et&j*e
etaye

sache
sache
sache
sache
sache

pakhi
pakhi
pakhi
pakhi
pakhi

dakhinaye
dakhanayo
dakhinaye
dakhinaye
dakhinaye

annanipicha
annanipiche
annanipicha
annanipicha
annanipicha

chilanthiti
chilathiti
chilathiti
chilanthiti
chilanthiti

athaye
athaye
athaye
athaye
athaye

kacha
kacha
kacha
kacha
kacha

(<r) The vowel K is perhaps only aflawin the stone.

chakhudane
chakhudano
chakhudane
chakhudano
chakhudane

sochaye
sochaye
sochaye
8
socheyeti
socheyeti

chatupadesu,
chatupadesu,
chatupadesu,
chatupadesu,
chatupadesu,

me
me
me
me
me
16

kiyamcha
kiyamcha
kiyamchu (a)
kiyamcha
kiyamcha

Dhammesadhu,
Dhammesadhu,
Dhammesadhu,
Dhammesadhu,
Dhammesadhu,

aha,
aha
aha

dupada
dupada
dupada
dupada
dupada

anupa^ipajantu
anupafipajafitu
anupaipajan^u
10
anupatipajafitu
anupatipajantu
16

aha,

" dayadane
dayadane
dayadane
dayadane
9
dayadane

1&

gotiti

II.

" hevam
he
hevam
hevam
hevaih

bahukayane
bahukayani
bahukayane
bahukayane
bahukayane

dhammena

dhammena
dhammena
7
dhammeua

palana,
*nd,
palana,
palana,
palana,

valichalesu
valichalesu
valichalesu
valichalesu
10
valichalesu

iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam

hotutiti :
hot
hotuti:
hotuti:
hotuti :

me
me
me
me
mo

dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi

yecha
yecha
yecha
12
yecha

TEXTS.

108
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

hevam

hevam
hevam
hevam

sampati

pajisati
pajisati
pajisati
pajisati
pajisati

sampati
sampati
sampati

se sukatam
se sukatha
se sukatam
se sukatam
se sukatam

EDICT

kachhatiti.
kachhatiti.
kachhatiti
kachhatiti,
kachhati.

III.

{Delhi, North)
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

" Devanampiye
Devanampiye
8
Devanampiye
u
Devanampiye
13
Devanampiye

Laja
.Laja
Laja
Laja
Laja

Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

28

18

kayane
kayane
kayane
kayane
kayane

kateti:
kateti:
kateti:
kateti;
kateti:

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

lyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam

D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

pape
pape
papake
pape '
pape

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.

esa
esa
*

D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

atha
atha
*
atha
atha

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

palibhasayisam:
palihhasayisam:

esa badha
esa badha

palibhasayisanti :
palibhasayisanti:

esa badbam
esa badbam

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

me
me
me
me
me

kateti;
kateti;
kateti;
kateti;
kateti;

esa
esa

iyam
iyam
iyam
12
iyam
iyam

chukho
chukho
* *

hevam
hevam
* *
hevam
hevam

chandiye
chandiye
#
#

mana
mana

13

aha:
aha:
aha:
aha:
aha:

Nomina
Nomina
Nomina
Nomina
Nomina

va
va
va
va
va

esa
esa
*
esa
esa

chukho
chukho

chandiye
chandiye

hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam

20

kayanam
kayanam
kayanam
kayanam
kayanam

papam
papakam
papam
papam
19

asinave
asinave
asinave
asinave
asinave

dekhati
dekhati
dekhati
dekhanti
14
dekhanti

namati,
namati,
namati,
namati,
namati,

dekhiye.
dekhiye.
#
*

2I

I meni
I mani
* *

dekhiye.
dekhiye.

I mani
I mani

nithuliye
nithuliye

kodhemane
kodhe ^ mane

isya:
isya:

nithuliye
nithuliye

kodhe mane
kodhe mane

isya:
isya:

23

me
me

palatikaye.
palatikaye.

me
me

palatikayeti.
palatikayeti.

dekhiye
dekhiye

iyam
iyam

me
me

dekhiye
dekhiye

iyam
iyam

me
me

meva
meva
meva
meva
meva

dekhati
dekhati
dekhati
dekhanti
dekhanti

iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam

dupativekhe
dupativekhe
* * * (a)
dupati vekhe
dupati vekhe
2

* asinava
asinava
*
*
asinava
asinava

21

me
me
me
me
me
chukho
chukho
*
*
chukho
chukho

gamini nama;
gamini nama;
*
*
gamini namati;
gamini namati;

kalane navahakam
kalane navahakam
kalanenavahakam
kalanenavahakam

22

ma
ma

15

ma
ma,

hidatikaye
hidatikaye

iyam
iyam

hidatikaye
hidatikaye

iyam
iyam

(a) Here the Asokn inscription is cut away by Jahangir's barbarous record of his ancestry.
(6) Omitted in the original text.

109

TEXTS.
EDICT

IV.

(Delhi, North.)
D.S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
D.S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
D.S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
D.S.
D. M.
A
L.A.
L.N.

Devanampiye

Piyadasi

laja

hevam

aha:

Saddavisati

vasa2 abbisitename

Devanampiye
Devanampiye

Piyadasi
Piyadasi

laja
laja

hevam
hevam

aha:
aha:

Saddavisati
Saddavisati

vasabhisitename
vasabhisitename

17

lyam

dhammalipi

likbapita.

Lajukame

lyam
iyam

dhammalipi
dhammalipi

likhapita.
likbapita.

Lajukame
Lajukame

pana
pana

sabasesu

sata
sata

sabasesn
sahasesu

abbihaleva

* dandeva

atapatiye

me

kate

abbibaleva
abbibaleva

dandeva
dandeva

atapatiye
atapatiye

me
me

kate
kate

tesam

'janasi
janasi

ayata
ayata

tesam
tesam

kinti

lajuka,

aswatha

abhita

kammani

pavataye

vfc:

janasa

lajiika
lajuka

aswatha
aswtaha

abbita
' abbita

kammani
kammani

pavataye
pavataye

vuti:
vuti:

janasa
jauasa

kinti
kinti

janapadasa
D.S. dukbiyanam
D. M.
A.
L.A. dukhtyanam
L.N. dukhiyanam

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.

bahusu
bahftsu

sata

ayata

16

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.

18

pana

janasi

ye
ye

hitasukham

upadahevu

hitasukham
hitasukham

upadahevu
upadahevA

janisanti:

Dhammayatena

cha

janisanti:
janisanti:

Dhammayatena
Dbammayatena

cha
cba

viyo
viyo

janapadasa

D.S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

babusu

:Q

anugahineva

cba

sukhiyana

anugabinevu
anugabinevu

cha
cha

sukhiyana
sukhiyana

viyo

vidasanti.

Janam

vadisatiti.
vadisaiiti.

Janam
Janam

janapadam

kintihi

datam

cha

palitam

cha

* aladhayevuti

lajuka

janapadam
janapadam

kintihi
kintihi

datam
datam

cha
cha

" palatam
palatam

cha
cha

aladhayavu
aladhayeviiti

lajuka
lajuka

pilabanti; (a)
pilaghanti
pilagbanti

21

paticbalitaveman

pulisanipi me
'

chhandannani

patichalitavemaii
paticbalitaveman

pulisanipi me
pulisanipi me

chhandannani
, cbhandaunani

kani

viyo

vadisanti

yenamam

lajuka
ka

kani
kani

viyo
viyo

vadisanti
vadisanti

yenamam
yenamam

"lajftka
lajuka

patichalisanti,
paticbalisanti,
patichalisanti,
patichalisanti,
10

l0

tepi
tepi

cba
cha

tepi
tepi

cba
cha

chaghanti
chaghanti

aladhayitave.
aladha " yitave

chaghanti
chaghaiiti

aladhoyatave.
aladhayitave.

(a) The two Laurya Pillars read pilaghanti, with the rough guttural aspirate gh.

110

TEXTS.

D.S.
D.M.

Atha

hi pajam

viyataye

dhatiye

nisi jitu
nisa jitu

" aswathf >

aswatha

viyantaye
viyataye

dhatiye
dhatiye

nisi jitu
nisi jitu

aswathe
aswathe

hoti ;
hoti ;

12

viyata
viyata

A.

L.A.
L.N.

Atha+
22

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L,N.
D.S.
D.M.

Atha

hi pajam
hi pajam

dhati

chaghanti

me pajam;

sukham.

hali
li

hatane
hantave

dhati
dhati

chaghanti
chaghanti

me pajam;
me pajam;

sukham
sukham

hali
hali

hataveti:
hataveti:

hoti
hoti

viyata
viyata

hevarht
hevam

mama
mama

hevam
hevam

mama
mama

12

19
23

lajuka
lajuka

kata
-

janapadasa

hitasukhaye

yena

^ ete

.-i

ye

yena

ete

abhita
abhita

L.A.
L.N.

lajuka
lajuka

kate
kate

janapadasa
janapadasa

hitasukhaye
hitasukhaye

yena
yena

ete
ete

abhita
abhita

D.S.
D.M.

santam
san

avimana

kammani

. pavataye
vataye

vuti.
vuti

L.A. santam
L.N. santam

avimana
avimana

kammani
kammani

pavataye
pavataye

vuti.
vuti.

13

'

13
14

aswatha
aswatha

A.

A.

D.S.
D.M.

14

A.

L.A.
L.N.
D.S.
D.M.

abhihaleva
.
abhihaleva
abhihaleva
abhihaleva

15

dandeva .

dandeva
20
dandeva
dandeva

viyohala
hala
17
viyohala
A.
viyohala
L.A.
L.N. viyohala

samata
samata
samata,
samata
samata

D.S.
D.M.

avuti.
avuti.
avuti.
avuti.
avuti.

pichame
me
pichame
pichame
pichame

A.

L.A.
L.N.
D.S.
D.M.

pata

A.

pata
pata
pata

L.A.
L.N.
D.S.
D.M.
A.

L. A.
L.N.

26

vadhanam
vadhanam
vadhanam
vadhanam
vadhanam

nijhapayisanti;
jhapayisanti;
nijhapayisanti;
nijhapayisanti;
nijhapayisanti:

atapatiye
atapatiye
atapatiye
atapatiye
antapatiye

cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
16

siya
siy&
siya
siya
eiya

Bandhana
Bandhana
Bandhana
Bandhana
Bandhane

tinni
tinni
tinni
tinni
tinni
jivitaye
jivitaye
jivitaye
jivitaye
jivitaye

kate.
ka^e.
kate.
kate.
kate.
17

danda
danda
danda
danda
danda

badhanam
badhanam
badhanam
badhanam
bandhanam

samata
samata
samata
samata
samata
1S

2J

esa

esa
esa
esa

cha;

cha
cha;
cha;

munisanam
munisanam
munisanam
munisanam
munisanam

I8

nasantam
^ nasantam
nasantam
nasantam
nasantam

me
me

me
me

Ichhitaviyehi
Ichhitaviye
Ichhitaviyehi
Ichhitaviye
Ichhitaviye

me17yote
me19yote .
(i) yote
me yote
me yote

divasani
divasani
divasani
divasani
divasani
tanarh
tanam
tanam
tanam
tanam

16

Etena
Etena
.
Etena.
2
* Etena

'

dinne
dinne
dinne
dinne
dinne
va
va
va
va
va

I8

ava

ava
ava
25
ava

aswatha
aswathe
lajukanam
lajukanam
16
(o)narii
lajukanam
lajukanam
15

kinti;
hinti;
kinti;
kinti;
ite

ite
ite

ite

tilita

dandanam;

tilita
tilita
tilita

dandanam;
dandanam;
dandanam -T

nati
* *
nati
nati
nati

nijhapayita
ni
nijhapayita
nijhayayitave
nijhayayitave

kavakani
kanakant
kavakani
kavakani
danam
danam
danam
danam

(a) Here the Allahabad text becomes legible, the lower halves of the letters of the 16th line being visible under the
flowered border of Jahangir's inscription.
"
(&) Omitted in the original text.

TEXTS.
D.S.
D.M.

dahanti

A.

dahanti
dahanti
dahanti

11111

L.A.
L.N.
D.S.
D.M.
A.

L.A.
L.N.

palatikam
palatikam
palatikam
palatikam
palatikam

ti

niludhasipi
niludhasipi
niludhasipi
niludhasipi
27
niludhasipi

D.S.
D.M.

vividhe
vividhe
vividhe
vividhe
vividhe

A.

L.A.
L N.

upavasam
upavasam
upavasam
upavasum
upavasum

va
va
va
va
va

palatam
palatam
palatam
palatam
palatam

aladhaye
aladhaye
aladhaye
aladhaye
aladhaye

s 11

kalasi
kalasi
kalasi
kalasi
kalasi

ffl

Ill

dhammachalane,
dhammachalane,
dhammachalane,
dhammachalane
dhammachalane

23

sayame
sayame
sayame
sayame
sayame

19

kachhanti
ka
kachhanti
kachhanti
kachhanti

danasa
dana
danasa
danasa
danasa

Ichhahime
* * * #
19
Icchahime
Ichhahi me
Ichhahi me

vuti

janasa cha

vu
vuti
vuti

janasa cha
*1 janasa cha
janasa cha

hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
J0

vadhati
vadhati
vadhati
vadhati
vadhati

vibhageti
vibhageti
vibhageti
vibhageti.

EDICT V.
(Delhi, South.)

D.S. 1 Devanampiye
D.M.
40
A.
Devanampiye
L.A. 3 Devanampiye
L.N. * Devanampiye
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

Laja

hevam

aha:

Saddavisativasa

Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

Laja
Laja
Laja

hevam
hevam
hevam

aha:

Saddavisativasa
Saddavisativasa
Saddavisativasa,

imani

abhisitename

bhisitename
imani
bhisitename (a)
imani 1
bhisitename
(J)imanipi

jatani

avadhiyani

jatani
jatani
jatani

avadhiyani
avadhyani
avadhyani

suke,

salika,

alune,

chakavake,

hanse,

suke,
suke,
suke,

salika,
salika,
salika,

alune,
alune,
alune,

chakavake,
chekavake,
chakavake,

hanse,
hanse,
hanse,

D.S. <jatuka
D.M. * *
jatuka,
A.
L.A. jatuka,
L.N. jatuka,
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

Piyadasi

aha:
aha:
katani

seyatha,

katani
katani
katani

seyatha,
seyatha,
seyatha,

31

nandimukhe

gelate,

nandimukho
nandimukhe
nandimukhe,

gelate,
gelate,
gelate.

ambakapilika,

dadi,

anathi kamachhe,

vedaveyako,

ambakipilika,
ambakapilika,
ambakapilika,

dubhi, (c)
dadi,
dudi, |(c)

anathi kamachhe,
anathi kamachhe,
anathi kamachhe,

vedaveyake,
vedaveyake,
vedaveyake,

gangapupujake,

8ankujamachhe,

kaphata

sayake,

gangapuputake,
gangapuputake,
4
gangapuputake,

sankujamachhe,
sankujamachhe,
sankujamachhe,

kaphata
kaphata
kaphata

**ke,
seyake,
eeyake,

pannasascsimale,

pannasasesimale,
'. pannasasesimale,
pannasasesimale,

(a) Sic in both of the Lauriya texts.

(5) The addition of pi at the end of the word imani is peculiar to this text.
(c) The differences of reading in this name are curious, Perhaps Ih was intended in all which by the omission of a single
small stroke would have become a cerebral &.

112

TEXTS.
6

D S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

sandake,

okapinde, (a)

sandake,
sandake,
sandake,

*
okapinde
okapinde,

D. S. * save
D.M.
A.
save
L. A.
save
L. N.
save
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

D. S.

A.
L.A.
L.N.
I9

D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
D. S.
D. M.

D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

22

gamaka-pote,

takapote,
setaka-pote,
setaka-pote,

gamakapote,
gamaka-pote,
gamaka-pote,

ye patibhogam

no eti,

no

chakhadiyati

ye patibhogam
ye pati * *
ye patibhogam

no eti,
no eti,

na
na

* #
chakhadiyati,
chakhadiyati,

sukalicha
9

* * #
sukali-cha,
sukalicha.

gabhiniva
gabhin + va
#' *
gabhiniva
gambhiniva

asanmasike
asanmasike
* * #
asanmasike
7
asanmasike

vadhikukute {b)
vadhikukute
* * # #
vadhikukute
vadhikukute

10

dave
dave

no
no
*
no
no

dave
dave

vihisayeva
vihisayeva

no jhapayitaviye
no jhapayitaviye

cbatan
chatun

masi3U
masisu

jivenajive
jivenajive

no
no

pusitaviye
pusitavive

tisu
tisu

chatun
chatun

masisu
masisu

chavudasam,
chavudasam,
24
chavudasam,
chavudasam,
chavudasam,

anuposatha
anuposatham

machhe
machhe

avadhiye
avadhiye

anuposatham
anuposatham

machhe
machhe

avadhye
avadhye

nagavanasi,
nagavanasi,

kevatabhogasi
kevatabhogasi

nagavanasi,
nagavanasi,

kevatabhogasi,
kevatabhogasi,

pannadasam,
pannadasam,
panchadasam,
pannadasam,
pannadasam,

10

sajive
sajive
23
sajive
sajive
sajive
no jhapetaviye
no l2 jhapetaviye

tisu
tisu

divasani,
divasani,
# # *
divasani,
divasani,

tase
tase
# #
tase
tase

vihisayeva
vihisayeva

pasitaviye
pusitaviye

tinni
tinni
# #
tinni
tinni

avadhya potake
avadhya potake

kataviye:
kataviye:
# # #
kataviye:
kataviye:

anathayeva
anathayeva
______
'anathayeva
anathayeva

ajakanani,
ajakanani

avadhaya patake
avadhaya patake
# # # # *

payammava:
payamenava:
payami *
payaminava;
payaminava;

no
no

12

14

* #
palasate,
palasate,

setaka-pote

- jivenajive
jivenajive

12

L. A.
L. N.

edak&cha,
edakacha,
* * *
edaka-cha,
edakacha,

no jhapetaviye;
no jhapetaviye
no jhape * *
no jhapayitaviye
no jhapayitaviye

D. S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

chatupade
chatupade
chatupade

pichakani
pichakani
* * #
chakani
chakani

D. ar.

D- S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

chatupade,

palasate,

punnamasiyam
punnamasiyam

Tisayam
Tisayam
8

Tisayam
Tisiyam

14

punnamasiyam
punnamasiyam

patipadaye
patipadaye

dhuvaya cha.
dhavayecha

patipadam,
patipadam,

dhuvayecha
dhuvayecha

nopiviketviye
etani
no pi 25 viketaviye etani

yeva
yeva

divasani
divasani

no pi 9 riketaviye
no piviketaviye

yeva
yeva

divasani
divasani

etani
etani

yam
yani

annani
annani

yani
yani

annani
annani

pi
pi

(a) I have changed Prinsep's uka to oka, as the vowel is the initial o in all the texts.
(b) Priusep reads kaJca, bat all the texts agree as above in giving Jcute.

jivanikayani
jivanikayani

11

jivanikayani
jivanikayani

TEXTS.

113

D. S.
D. M.

nohantaviyani.
nohantaviyani.

Athami
" Athami

pakhaye,
pakhaye,

chavudasaye,
chavudasaye,

pannadasaye,
pannadasaye,

Tisaye.
Tisayo.

L. A.
L. N.

nohantaviyani.
nohantaviyani.

Athami
Athami

pakhaye,
pakhaye,

chavudasaye,
chavudasaye,

pannadasaye,
pannadasaye,

Tisaye,
Tisaye,

1S

punavasune,
punavasune,

D. S.
D. M'
A.
L. A.
L. N.

18

tisun chatun
tisun
chatun

tisu
chatun
n
tisu
chatun

punavasune,
punavasune,

D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

l7

D. S.
D. M.
^
L. A.
L. N.

18

ajake,
ajake,
ajake,
ajake,
ajake,

tisaye, tisaye,
.
12
tisaye,
tisaye,

edake,
edake,
eda
edake,
edake,

masisu,
masisu,
masisu,
masisu,

sukale,
sukale,

evapi
evapi

sukale,
sukale,

evapi
evapi

punavasune,
punavasune,

2l

sudivasaye,
sudivasaye,
26
sudivasaye,
" sudivasaye,
sudivasaye,

anne
anne

anne
anne

gone
gone
gone
gone
gone

nonilakhitaviye,
no nilakhitaviye,
no nilakhitaviye
no nilakhitaviye
no nilakhitaviye

nilakhiyati
nilakhiyati

no
no

nilakhitaviye
nilakhitamviye

nilakhiyati
nilakhiyati

no
no

nilakhitaviye
nilakitaviye

13

chatumnasiye,
chatunmasiye,

chatunmasipakhaye,
chatunmasipakhaye,

chatunmasiye,
chatunmasiye,

chatunmasipakhaye,
chatunmasipakhaye,

aswasa,
aswasa,

gonasa
gonasa

aswasa,
aswasa,

gonasa
gonasa

punavasune,
punavasune,

D. S. 19 lakhune
D. M. lakhnne
A.
" lakhune
L. A.
lakhane
L. JN". J4 lakhane

22

nokhataviye:
nokhataviye nokataviye,
nokataiye,:
nokataviye:

D. S. 2o antalikaye
D. M. ^ antalikaye

yava
yava
yava
13
yava
yava

pannavisati
pannavisati

saddavisativasa abhisitename
saddavisativasa athisitename
saddavisativasabhi
saddavisativasabhisitename
saddavisativasabhisitename

antalikaye
antalikaye

pannavisati
pannavisati

15

etayo
etaye

etayo
etaye

bandhana
bandhana

mokhani
mokhani

katani.
katani. (a)

bandhana
bandhana

mokhani
mokhani

katani.
katani.

L. A.
L. N.

19

EDICT

VI.

(Delhi East.)
D.S.
A.
L.A.
L. N.

Devanampiye
Devanampiye
14
Devanampiye
16
Devanampiye
28

D.S.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

D. S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

Laja
La*

Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi

Laja
Laja

hevam
# #
hevam
hevam

vasa abhisitenamo

dhammalipi

likhapitA

vasabhisitenume
vasabhisitename

dhammalipi
dhammalipi

likbapita
likhapita

hitasukhaye;

1S
hitasukhaye;
hitasukhaye;

setam

setam
setam

apahata,
' "
apahata,
apahata,

tamtam

tamtam
tamtam

aha.
# *
alia
aha.

Duvadasa
# # *
Duvadasa
Duvadasa

lokasa

17

lokasa
lokasa
dhammavadhi
dhammavadhi
dhammavadhi
dhammavadhi

papova
papova
papov&
piipova

(a) The inscription on the DclhikMirat Pillar ends here, the rest being lost by the nbrasion of the stone.

TEXTS.
D. S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

bevam
hevam
hevam
hevam

lokasa
lokasa
lokasa
lokasa

D. S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

hevam
* *
hevam
hevam

patiyasannesu,
patiyasannesu,
) patyasannesu,
patyasannesu,

I). S.
A.
L.A.
L. N".

avahamiti
* * *
avahamiti
avahamiti

D. S.
A.
L.A.
L. N.

pativekhami;
pativekbami
pativekhami;
pativekhami;

D. S.
A.
L.A.
L.N.

echu
echu
ecbu
echu

D. S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.

saddavisativasa abhisitename
sa * * * * * *
saddavisativasabhisitename
saddavisativasabhisitename

pativekhami.
pativekhami.
pativekbami.
pativekhami.

bitasukbeti
bitasukbeti
bitasukbeti
18
bitasukbeti

29

hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam

tatba
* *
tatha
tatha

cha
*
cba
cha

sava
sava
sava
20
sava

pasanda

vidahami;
idahami
vidahami
vidahami

pasanda,
pasanda

kimankani
kimankani
kimankani
19
kimankani

10

iyam
* *
iyam
iyam

natisu
* *
natisu
natisu

sukbam
su *
sukham
sukham

savanikayesu
sava * kayesu
savanikayesu
savanikayesu

vividhaya
vividhaya
vividhaya
vividhaya

seme
seme
18
seme
20
seme

dhammalipi
*
lipi
dbammalipi
dhammalipi

EDICT

pujita
pujita
pujita
pujita

pacbupagamane
pacbupagamane
pacbapagamane
pacbupagam ane

a tana
atana
atana
atana

hemeva
hevam meva
17
hemeva
hemeva

pime
pime
pime
pime

iyam
* *
iyam
iyam

apakathesu
apakathesu
apakathesu
apakathesu

30

iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam

Atha
Atba
16
Atba
Atba

pujaya
* jaya
pujaya
pujaya

mokhyamate
mukhyamute
mukbyamute
mokhyamute

likhapita.
likhapitati.
likhapita.
likhapita.

VII.

(Delhi, East.)
11 Devanampiye
12 antalam

Piyadasi

. lajane

husa

13 dhammavadhiya
14 vadhitba

vadheya

etam.

15 hutha

laja
hevam

antalam

dbammavadhiya

Piyadasi
hevam

vadheyati
se

18 kina

anulupaya

dhammavadhiya

19 abhyum
20 aba:

namayeham
esame

21 anasisami:

hutha
etam

kina

dhammavadhiyati
dbammasavanani
jane

sutu

sujane

etam.

jane

hevam aha:

lajane

nochajane

katbam

jane

anupatipajeya

Devanampiya

anupatipajisati

esame

anulupaya

vadheyati;

savapayami

atikantam

dhammavadhiya

laja,

ichisu

vadhitba:

ye

katham

anulupaya

17 dhammavadbiya
sujane

aba:

ichhisu,

nochujane

Devanampiye

atakantam-cha

16 anulupaya

hevam

kina

sukani

Piyadasi

laja,

dhammanusathini
abbyum

namisati

hevam

TEXTS.

115

EDICT VIII.
(Delhi, around the pillar.)
1 Dhamma
vadhiya.
clia
badham
vadhisati
etaye
me athaye
dhamma
eavan&ni
savapitani
dbammanusathini
vividhani
anapitani (yathatiyi)
papibahune
janasm ayata
ete
paliyo
vadisantipi
pavithalisantipi
lajukapi
babukesu
pana
sata sabasesu
ayata
tepime
anapita
hevam
cha hevam
cha paliyo
vadatba
2 janam
dbammayatam.
Devanampiye
Piyadasi (a)
anuvekhamane
dhamma
thambhani
kataui,
(kha
)kate
Devanampiye
Piyadasi
laja
hevam
lopa
pitani
chhayopagani
basanti
pasumunisanam
pi
me . udupanani
3 khanapapitani ninsi diyacha
kalapita
patibhogaye
pasumunisanam (sa * * )
puli me
hipi (b)
lajihi
mamayacha
pajantuti
etadatha me

hevam
aha eta
meva
me
dhammnmahamata,
kata,
dbamma
aha: magesu pi
me nigohnni
ambavadikya
lopapita
adhakosikyadi

apanaui
me bahukani
tata
tata
kalapitani
esa patibhogenama
vividhayahi
sukhayanaya,
sukhayite
loke:
imamchu
dhammanupatipati

aha:
dhammamaliamata,
pime
ta
4 esa kate:
Devanampiye
Piyadasi (b)
hevam
se
pavajitanam
cheva
gihilhanam
bahu
bidhesu
athesu
anugahikesu
viyapa|a
sangbathasi
pime
kate
ime
cha
sava
(pasan)desu
picha
viyapata
se
pime
kate.
viyapata
hohantiti
hemeva.
Babhanesu
ajivikesu
(Delhi, around the pillar,)
5 ime viyapata
hohantiti,
niganthesu
pime
kate,
ime
viyapata
hohanti
pasandesu
pime
kate
ime viyapata
hohantiti:
pativisitham
pativisitbam
te te
mahamata
dbammamahamata chu
me etusa
cheva
viyapata,
savesu cha
pasandesu.
Devanampiya
Piyadasi
laja
hevam aba:
6 ete cha anne
cha bahuka
mukha,
danavisagasi
viyapata
devinam
cba, savasi
cba me olodhanasi (c)
te
bahu
tani
tani
tatha,
yatan(a)ni
pati(ta * * *) hida
cheva
disasu
cha
me kate
annanam
cha devikumalanam
imedanavisagesu

tesutesu
annesu

se
mama
cheva
vidhena
a*
lena
cha dalakanam
pi
viyapata
hohantiti

7 dbammapadana
thaye
dhammanupatipatiye:
esahi
dhammapadane
dhammapatipati
cha
ya,
iyam
dayadane
sache so chave
madave
sadavecha
lokasa
hevam
vadhisatiti
Devanamp(iye piyada)si
laja
hevam
aha, yanibikanicbi
mamiya
sadhavani
kataiii
tarn
loke
anupatipanne
tam cha anuvidhiyanti
tena
vadhita cha
8 vadhisanti cha matapitisu
sususaya
gulusu
sususaya
vayo
mahalakanam anupatipatiya,
Bdbhana
Samanesa,
kapanavalakesu,
avadasa
bhatakesu
sampatipatiya.
Devanampiye
(Piya)dasi
laja
hevam
aha: munisanam
chu ya iyam
dhammavadhi
vadhita.
duvehi
yeva
akalehi
dhammaniyamena
cha nijhatiya cha
9 tata chu
lahuse
dhamma
niyame
nijhatiyiva
bhuye
dhanamaniyame
esa
yeme
iyam
kate:
imaflicha
imani
jatani
avadbiyani
annani
bahuk(
)
dhammaniyamani
yani
me
katani:
nijhatiya
va
chu
munisanam
dhammavadhi
vadhita
avihinsaye
bhutanam
10 analambhaye
pananam
se etaye
atbaye
iyam
kate
jmta
masuliyike
hotuti
tatha,
cha anupatipajantuti
hevam
hi
hidata(pala)te
aladhe hoti
sataviBativaSabhisitoname
iyam
dhammalibi
Devanampiye
aha:
iyam
11 dhammalibi
cbilatithike

ata
siya,

athi

silathambhaniva

silaphalakauiva, (</)

tata

chuklio
pichu
bhuye

papotike
chanda
anupati
pajantam
likhapapitati etam
kataviya

ena esa

(a). The word Laja is omitted in both of these places after Piyadasi; but it is present in all the after part of the
inscription wherever the king's name is mentioned.
(J). Omitted by Prinsep.
(c). Prinsep read9 uludhanasi, but the word begins with the initial o.
(d). Prinsep's last reading of this word was dharika (see Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, VI, 1059), but
the true reading is phalaJeani, or " tablets," as given in the text.

116

TEXTS.
ALLAHABAD PILLAE.
SEPAEATE EDICTS.

No. 1.
Queen's Edict.
1

Devanampiyasa

2 vataviya:

savata

mahamata,

eheta

dutiyaye

Deviye

va

alameva

danam

3 Ambavadika,
4 Kicbhiganiya
5 dutiyaye

vachanena

titaye

Deviye

Deviyeti

ti

dane
ebeva(P)etasi(P)

senani

valamatu

pi

anne(?)

vatha(P)

kaluvakiye.

No. 2.
Kosambi

Edict.

1 Devanampiye

Kosambiyamahamata

2 ^

* * sanghasi nila hiyo

3 I-

bhiti * bbanti

nita

4 ba-

dbapayita

a * tasa * am yasayi.

cbi

SANCHI PILLAR.
1

J.P.
A. C. *va-

2 J.P.
A. C. * seni

*
*

maga
maga

1 2 3 4 6 6

bbi * * nam

*
#

cbati petaviya

3 J.P.
A. C. * vika
4 J. P. bbakhati
A. C. bhakhati

Cbandagiriye

keye .

bhikhunabhi khamavase
Bhikhu cha Bhikhuni yi khu

sangbam
data
data

5 J.P.

A. C.

nidusapi

6 J. P. Sasijala
A. C. sasi visa

7 J. P. si: sampesimate
A. C. ti sangbasamage

savam
petaviye
petaviye

payita

ana

ichbahime
icbhani me
chilatbitike
cbilatbitike

fidi)
ean
siyati
siyati.

TRANSLATIONS.
KOCK INSCRIPTIONS.
EDICT I.
Wilson.
Prinsep.
" This is the edict of the beloved of the gods.
" The following edict of religion is promulgated
Raja Priyadasi:
by the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi:
"e The putting to death of animals is to be
" ' In this place the putting to death of anything
whatever that hath life, either for the benefit of entirely discontinued, and no convivial meetthe puja, or in convivial meetings, shall not be ing is to be held; for the beloved of the gods,
done. Much cruelty of this nature occurs in such the Raja Priyadasi, remarks many faults in
assemblies. The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi is such assemblies. There is but one assembly,
(as it were) a father (to his people). Uniformity indeed, which is approved of by the Raja Priyaof worship is wise and proper for the congregation dasi, the beloved of the gods, which is that of
the great kitchen of Raja Priyadasi, the beloved
of the heaven-beloved Piyadasi Raja.
" (Formerly, in the great refectory and temple of the gods. Every day hundreds of thousands
of the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, daily were of animals have been there slaughtered for
many hundred thousand animals sacrificed for the virtuous purposes, but now, although this pious
sake of meat food. So even a t this day while edict is proclaimed that animals may be killed
this religious edict is under promulgation, from for good purposes, and such is the practice, yet
the sacrifice of animals for the sake of food, some as the practice is not determined, these presents
two are killed, or one is killed; but now the are proclaimed that hereafter they shall not be
joyful chorus resounds again and againthat killed/"
henceforward not a single animal shall be put to
death/ "

EDICT II.
Prinsep.
" Everywhere within the conquered province of
Raja Piyadasi, the beloved of the gods, as well as
in the parts occupied by the faithful, such as
Chola, Pida,* Satiyapulra, and Ketalaputra, even
as far as Tambapanni (Ceylon); and, moreover,
within the dominions of ANTIOCHUS, the Greek

Wilson.
" In all the subjugated (territories) of the
king Priyadasi, the beloved of the gods, and also
in the bordering countries, as (C/wda), Palaya*
(or Paraya), Satyaputra, Keralaputra, Tambapani (it is proclaimed), and ANTIOCHUS by name
the Yona (or Yavana) raja, and those princes

* The true readings of these important names of the countries bordering on the dominions of Asoka are as follows :
Choda, Pandiya, Satiyaputra, Ketalaputra, and Tambapani. The first two are well known as Chola and Pdndya, being
the extreme southern provinces of India, while Tambapani is the Island of Ceylon, the Taprobane of the Greeks.
Ketalaputra is the district of Kerala, on the western coast between the Krishna River and Mysore. No representative
of Satiyaputra has yet been proposed except by Lassen, who considered it as the Buddhist name of the King of Pida
(or Pandya). But it seems to me that this name is capable of the same exact identification as the others. In Ptolemy's
map we have the name of Sadini, a people on the coast to the west of BaitMna, orPaithan on the God&vari. They are
said to be pirates; and as the name of the Andri Pirates is also found in the same place, I believe that we have the same
people designated by two different names;first, as SADINI, or Sddavahans or S&taJcarnis, and second, as AKDBI or
Andhras. That the Andhras were a powerful nation in the time of Asoka, I have already established by reading their
name in the 13th Edict of the Shahbazgarhi and Klialsi texts. The name of Satalearni is written S&dav&hana in one
of the Nasik Inscriptions (West No. 6), and Ptolemy's form would be obtained by the elision of the h in Sadakani.
Another form of the name is preserved in the Periplus as Saraganos, in which, according to a common Indian practice,
the and d afe'ehanged to r in pronunciation.

118

TRANSLATIONS.

Prinsep.
(of which Antioehus' generals are the rulers),
everywhere the heaven-beloved Eaja Piyadasi's
double system of medical aid is established
both medical aid for men, and medical aid for
animals, together with the medicaments of all
sorts, which are suitable for men, and suitable
for animals. And wherever there is not (such
provision), in all such places they are to be prepared, and to be planted: both root-drugs and
herbs, wheresoever there is not (a provision of
them), in all such places shall they be deposited
and planted.
" And in the public highways wells are to be
dug, and trees to be planted, for the accommodation of men and animals."

Wilson.
who are nearer to (or allied with) that monarch,
universally (are apprised) that (two designs have
been cherished by Priyadasi, one design) regarding men, and one relating to animals; and
whatever herbs are useful to men or useful to
animals wherever there are none, such have
been everywhere caused to be conveyed and
planted, (and roots and fruits wherever there
are none, such have been everywhere conveyed
and planted; and on the roads) wells have been
caused to be dug, (and trees have been planted)
for the respective enjoyment of animals and
men."

EDICT III.
Wilson.
Prinsep.
" King PHyadasi says : ' This was ordered by
"Thus spake the heaven-beloved king Fiyadasi: e By me, after the twelfth year of my anoint- me when I had been twelve years inaugurated.
ment, this commandment is made. Everywhere In the conquered country, and among my own
in the conquered (provinces) among the faithful, subjects as well as strangers, that every five
whether (my own) subjects or foreigners, after years expiation should be undergone with this
every five years, let there be (a public) humi- object, for the enforcement of such moral obliliation for this express object, yea, for the con- gations as were declared by me to be good:
firmation of virtue and for the suppression of dis- such as duty to parents, (and protection of)
graceful acts.
friends and children, (relations,) Brahmans and
"' Good and proper is dutiful service to mother Sramans:good is liberality, good is non-inand father; towards friends and kinsfolks, to- jury of living creatures, and abstinence from
wards Brahmans and Sramans, excellent is prodigality and slander are good. Continuance
charity:prodigality and malicious slander are in this course (the discharge of these duties)
not good.
shall be commended both by explanation and
" ' All this the leader of the congregation shall by example/ "
inculcate to the assembly, with (appropriate) explanation and example/ "
EDICT
Prinsep.
" ' In times past, even for many hundred years
has been practised the sacrifice of living beings,
the slaughter of animals, disregard of relations,
and disrespect towards Brahmans and Sramans.
<" This day, by the messenger of the religion of
the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, (has been made)
a proclamation by beat of drum, a grand announcement of religious grace, and a display of
equipages, and a parade of elephants, and things
to gratify the senses, and every other kind of
heavenly object for the admiration of mankind,
such as had never been for many hundred years,
such as were to-day exhibited.

IV.

Wilson.
"' During a past period of many centuries,
there have prevaileddestruction of life, injury
of living beings, disrespect towards kindred, and
irreverence towards Sramans and Brahmans.
But now, in conformity to moral duty, the pious
proclamation of king Priyadasi, the beloved
of the gods, is made by beat of drum, in a
manner never before performed for hundreds of
years, with chariot and elephant processions,
and fireworks and other divine displays of the
people exhibiting the ceremonies (and this; for
the promulgation of the law of king Priyadasi, &c, that non-destruction of life, non-

TRANSLATIONS,

119

Prinsep.
Wilson.
" By the religious ordinance of the heaven- injury to living beings, respect to relations,
beloved king Piyadasi, the non-sacrifice of ani- reverence of Brahmans and Sramans, and
mals, the non-destruction of living beings, proper many other duties, do increase, and shall inregard to kindred, respect to Brahmans and crease ; and this moral law of the king PriyaSramans, dutiful service to spiritual pastors dasi the sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons
through these and many other similar (good acts) of king Priyadasi shall maintain. Let the
doth religious grace abound; and thus, moreover, moral ordinance of king Priyadasi be stable as
shall the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi cause a mountain for the establishment of duty; for
religion to flourish, and the same shall the sons, in these actions duty will be followed, as the
the grandsons, and the great-grandsons of the law which directs ceremonial rites is not the
heaven-beloved king Piyadasi cause to abound observance of moral duties. It were well for
exceedingly.
every ill-conducted person to be attentive to the
" { As long as the mountains shall endure, so object of this injunction. This is the edict
long in virtue and in strict observances shall the (writing) of king Priyadasi. Let not any
religion stand fast. And through good acts of thought be entertained by the subject-people of
this nature, that is to say, through these ordi- opposing the edict/ This has been caused to
nances and the strict practice of religion, laxness be written by the king Priyadasi, in the twelfth
of discipline is obviated. Moroever, in this object, year of his inauguration."
it is proper to be intelligent, and no wise neglected. For the same purpose is this (edict)
ordered to be written. Let all take heed to profit of this good object, and not to give utterance
to objections/
" By the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, after
the twelfth year of his announcement, is this
caused to be written/'
l

Burnouf has also given a full translation of this edict, which I annex.1^
" f Dans le temps passe", pendant de nombreuses centaines d'anne*es, onvit prosperer uniquement
le meurtre des etres vivants et la mdchancete h> Fegard des creatures, le manque de respect pour
les parents, le manque de respect pour les Bamhanas et les Samanas (les Brahmanes et les c.ra_
manas). Aussi, en ce jour, parce que Piyadasi, le Hoi cheri des Devas, pratique la loi, le son de
tambour (a retenti); oui, la voix de la loi (s'est fait entendre) apres que des promenades des chars
de parade, des promenades d'ele'phants, des feux d'artifice, ainsi que d'autres representations
divines ont e^e montr^es aux regards du peuple. Ce que depuis bien des centaines d'annees on
n'avait pas vu auparavant, on Pa vu prosperer aujourd'hui, par suite de Fordre que donne Piyadasi,
le Roi cheri des Devas, de pratiquer la loi. La cessation du meurtre des etres vivants et des actes
de m^chancete a Fegard des creatures, le respect pour les parents, Fobeissance aux pere et mere,
Fobeissance aux anciens (TAera), voila les vertus, ainsi que d'autres pratiques de la loi de diverses
especes, qui ici sont accrues. Et Piyadasi, le Roi cheVi des Devas, fera croitre encore cette observation de la loi; et les fils, et les petits-fils, et les arriere-petits-fils de Piyadasi, le Roi cheri des
Devas, feront croitre cette observation de la loi jusqu'au Kalpa de la destruction. Fermes dans la loi
dans la morale, ils ordonneront Fobservation de la loi; car c'est la meilleure des actions que d'en
joindre Fobservation de la loi. Cette observation meme de la loi n'existe pas pour celui qui n'a pas
de morale. II est bon que cet objet prospere et ne de'perisse pas : c'est pour cela qu'on a fait e'crire
cet edit. Si cet objet s'accroit, on n'en devra jamais voir le deperissement/ Piyadasi, le Roi cheri
des Devas, a fait ecrire cet edit, la douzieme annee depuis son sacre/'f
Le Lotus de la Bonne LoiAppendice, p. 731.
t Burnoufs remarks in justification of his own translation and reading of the text are much too long to be quoted here.
See Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 731. He very naturally takes exception to Wilson's explanation of Bahmanas
and Samanas as ' Brahmans and (Brahmanical) ascetics," and shows that these two terms are intended to designate two classes
of persons, the Brahmans and the Buddhists, in the same way that they are discriminated in the legends of the Divya
Avadana.

120

TRANSLATIONS.

EDICT V.
Prinsep.
Wilson.
" Thus spake the heaven-beloved king Piya" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasi,
dasi :
thus proclaims: c Whoever perverts good to
{
" Prosperity (cometh) through adversity, and evil will derive evil from good; therefore much
truly each man (to obtain) prosperity causeth good has been done by me, and my sons and
himself present difficulty; therefore by megrandsons, and others my posterity (will) con(nevertheless) has much prosperity been brought form to it for every age. So they who shall
about, and therefore shall my sons and grand- enjoy happiness, and those who cause the path
sons, and my latest posterity, as long as the to be abandoned shall suffer misfortune. The
very hills endure, pursue the same conduct; and chief ministers of morality have for an unpreceso shall each meet his reward! "While he, on dentedly long time been tolerant of iniquity;
the other hand, who shall neglect such conduct therefore in the tenth year of the inauguration
shall meet his punishment in the midst of the have ministers of morality been made, who are
wicked (in the nethermost regions of hell).
appointed for the purpose of presiding over
" ' For a very long period of time there have morals among persons of all the religions for
been no ministers of religion appointed, who the sake of the augmentation of virtue, and
intermingling among all unbelievers (may over- for the happiness of the virtuous among the
whelm them) with the inundation of religion, people of Kamboja, Gandhara, Naristika, and
and with the abundance of the sacred doctrines. Petenika. They shall also be spread among
Through Kam (bocha, Gan) dhara, Nar&stika,"* the warriors, the Brahmans, the mendicants,
Petenika, and elsewhere, finding their way unto the destitute, and others, without any obstructhe uttermost limits of the barbarian countries, tion, for the happiness of the well-disposed, in
for the benefit and pleasure of (all classes)...... order to loosen the bonds of those who are
and for restraining the passions of the faithful, bound, and liberate those who are confined,
and for the regeneration of those bound in the through the means of holy wisdom disseminated
fetters (of sin) (?)
are they appointed. Inter- by pious teachers ; and they will proceed to the
mingling equally among the dreaded, and among outer cities and fastnesses of my brother and
the respected both in P&taliputra and in foreign sister, and wherever are any other of my
places, teaching better things, shall they every- kindred; and the ministers of morals, those who
where penetrate; so that they even who (oppose are appointed as superintendents of morals, shall
the faith shall at length become) ministers of it/ " wherever the moral law is established, give
encouragement to the charitable and those addicted to virtue. With this intent this edict
is written, and let my people obey it.' "
EDICT
Prinsep.
" Thus spake Piyadasi, the heaven-beloved
king :
" ' Never was there in any former period a
system of instruction applicable to every season,
and to every action, such as that which is now
established by me.
" c For every season, for behaviour during meals,
during repose, in domestic relations, in the nursery, in conversation, in general deportment, and
on the bed of deatheverywhere instructors
(or Pativedakas) have been appointed. Accordingly do ye (instructors) deliver instruction in
what concerneth my people.

VIWilson.
" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasi
thus declares: ' An unprecedentedly long time
has past since it has been the custom at all
times, and in all affairs, to submit representations. Now, it is established by me that,
whether at meals, in my palace, in the interior
apartments, in discourse, in exchange of civility,
in gardens, the officers appointed to make reports
shall convey to me the objects of the people.
I will always attend to the objects of the
people; and whatever I declare verbally, whether
punishment or reward, is further intrusted to
the supervisors of morals (or eminent persons):

* The na belongs to the preceding name Gandharanam, and the word thus becomes Eastika, which is a well-known name
of Sarashtra.

TRANSLATIONS.
Prinsep.
" ' And everywhere in what concerneth my
people do I myself perform whatsoever with my
mouth I enjoin (unto them); whether it be by
me (esteemed) disagreeable, or whether agreeable.
Moreover, for their better welfare, among them
an awarder of punishment is duly installed. On
this account, assembling together those who are
dwelling in the reputation of much wisdom, do
ye, meanwhile, instruct them as to the substance
of what is hereby ordained by me for all circumstances, and for all seasons. This is not done by
me in any desire for the collection of worldly
gain, but in the real intention that the benefit
of my people shall be effected; whereof, moreover,
this is the root, the good foundation, and the
steady repose in all circumstances: there is not
a more effectual mode of benefiting all mankind
than this on which I bestow my whole labour.
" * But upon how many living beings (I will
pass over the mention of other things) do I confer
happiness here :hereafter, likewise, let them
hope ardently for heaven !Amen !
" ' For this reason has the present religious edict
been written. May it endure for evermore, and
so may my sons, and my grandsons, and my
great-grandsons uphold the same for the profit
of all the world, and labour therein with the
most reverential exertion ! ' "

EDICT

121

Wilson.
for that purpose let those who reside in the
immediate vicinage even become informers at
all times, and in all places, so it is ordained by
me. The distribution of wealth which is to be
made is designed by me for the benefit of all
the world; for the distribution of wealth is the
root of virtues to the good of the world, for
which I am always labouring. On the many
beings over whom I rule I confer happiness
in this world;in the next they may obtain
Swarga. With this view, this moral edict has
been written. May it long endure, and may
my sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons after
me continue with still greater exertion to labour
for universal good \'"

VII.

Prinsep,
The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi everywhere
ardently desireth that all unbelievers may be
brought to repentance and peace of mind. He
is anxious that every diversity of opinion, and
every diversity of passion, may shine forth blended
into one system, and be conspicuous in undistinguishing charity. Unto no one can be repentance
and peace of mind until he hath attained supreme
knowledge, perfect faith which surmounteth all
obstacles, and perpetual assent/'

Wilson.
" The beloved of the gods, the Raja Priyadasi, desires that all unbelievers may everywhere dwell (unmolested), as they also wish for
moral restraint and purity of disposition. For
men are of various purposes and various desires,
and they do injury to all or only to a part.
Although, however, there should not be moral
restraint or purity of disposition in any one,
yet wherever there is great liberality (or charity),
gratitude will acknowledge merit even in those
who were before that reputed vile."
The following is Burnoufs translation of this Edict:*
" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des D6vas, de*sire en tous lieux que les ascetes de toutes les croyances
resident (tranquilles) : ils desirent tous l'empire qu'on exerce sur soi-meme, et la purete* de Tame ;
mais le peuple a des opinions diverses et des attachements divers, (et) les ascetes obtienent, soit
tout, soit une partie seulement (de ce qu'ils demandent). Cependant, pour celui-meme auquel
n'arrive pas une large aumone Pempire sur soi-mSme, la purete de Fame, la reconnaissance et une
devotion solide qui dure toujours, cela est bien."
x<

Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 755.

TRANSLATIONS.

122

EDICT VIIIPrinsep.
Wilson,
" In past times kings were addicted to tra" In ancient times, festivals for the amusement of sovereigns consisted of gambling, hunt- velling about, to companions, to going abroad,
ing the deer (or antelope), and other exhilarating to hunting and similar amusements, but Piya-_
pleasures of the same nature. But the heaven- dasi, the beloved of the gods, having been
beloved king Piyadasi, having attained the tenth ten years inaugurated, by him easily awakened,
year of his anointment, for the happiness of the that moral festival is adopted, (which consists)
wise, hath a festival of religion (been substituted), in seeing and bestowing gifts on Brahmans
and this same consists in visits to Brahmans and and Sramans; in seeing and giving gold to
Sramans, and in alms-giving, and in visits to elders, and overseeing the country and the
the reverend and aged; and the liberal distribu- people; the institution of moral laws, and the
tion of gold, the contemplation of the universe investigation of morals:such are the devices
and its inhabitants, obeying the precepts of reli- for the removal of apprehension, and such are
gion, and setting religion before all other things, the different pursuits of the favourite of the
are the expedients (he employs for amusement) ; gods, king Piyadasi"
and these will become an enjoyment without
alloy to the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi i n
another existence."
Bumouf has not given a connected translation of this Edict, but his remarks on its general
scope are of special importance. According to his explanation, Asoka obtained sambodhim, or " la
science complete de la Bodhi/' or, in other words, " la connaissanee de ee qu'enseigne le Buddha/*
after he had reigned ten years. He refers to Lassen as evidently holding the same opinion :
" Quoique Lassen n'a pas traduit litteralement cette partie de votre inscription, il est facile de voir,
par Vusage qu'il en a fait dans ses Antiqtiith Indiennes, qu'il entend comme je propose de le faire.
"Voici les propres paroles de Lassen: ' C'est seulement la dixi&me annde depuis 'son couronnement
qu'il obtint la vue complete/ Evidemment Lassen a lu comme moi samlodhim, ' la vue ou la
science complete/ et compris de meme aySya/'*
EDICT IXPrinsep.
11

Thus spake king Piyadasi, beloved of the gods :

'Each individual seeketh his own happiness
in a diversity of ways, in the bonds of affection,
in marriage, or otherwise, in the rearing of offspring, in foreign travel: in these, and other
similar objects, doth man provide happiness o
every degree. But there is great ruination
excesses of all kiuds when (a man) maketh
worldly objects his happiness. On the contrary,
this is what is to be done,(for most certainly
that species of happiness is a fruitless happiness)
to obtain the happiness which yieldeth plentiful
fruit, even the happiness of virtue; that is to
say: kindness to dependants, reverence to spiritual teachers, are proper: humanity to animals is
proper:all these acts, and others of the same
kind, are to be rightly denominated the happiness
of virtue!
" ' By father and by son, and by brother; by
master (and by servant) it is proper that these

Wilson.
"The beloved of the gods,Priyadasi 22afa,thus
says: " Every man that celebrates various
occasions of festivity, as on the removal of incumbrances, on invitations, on marriages, on
the birth of a son, or on setting forth on a
journey:on these and other occasions a man
makes various rejoicings. The benevolent man
also celebrates many and various kinds of pure
and disinterested festivities;and such rejoicing
is to be practised. Such festivities are fruitless and vain, but the festivity that bears great
fruit is the festival of dutysuch as the respect
of the servant to his master: reverence for
holy teachers is good; tenderness for living
creatures is good; liberality to Brahmans and
Sramans is good. These, and other such acts,
constitute verily the festival of duty; and it is
to be cherished as father by son, a dependant
by his master. This is good, this is the festival to be observed : for the establishment of this

* Burnouf, Le Lotus, Appendice, p. 759, quoting Lassen Ind. Alterthum, II, 227, u. 3.

TRANSLATIONS.
Prinsep.
things should be entitled happiness, and further,
for the more complete attainment of this object,
secret charity is most suitable :yea, there is no
alms, and no loving-kindness, comparable with
the alms of religion, and the loving-kindness of
religion, which ought verily to be upheld alike
by the friend, by the good-hearted, by kinsman
and neighbour, in the entire fulfilment of pleasing
duties.
" ' This is what is to be done :this is what is
good. With those things let each man propitiate
heaven. And how much ought (not) to be done
in order to the propitiation of heaven ?' "

123

Wilson.
object virtuous donations are made; for there
is no such donation or benevolence as the gift
of duty, or the benevolence of duty : that (benevolence) is chaff (which is contracted) with a
friend, a companion, a kinsman, or an associate,
and is to be reprehended. In such and in such
manner this is to be done. This is good: with
these means let a man seek Swarga. This is
to be done: by these means it is to be done, as
by them Swarga has been gained. V

EDICT

X.

Prinsep,
Wilson.
" The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi doth not
" The beloved of the gods, the Prince Priyadasi,
deem that glory and reputation (are) the things of does not esteem glory and fame as of great
chief importance; on the contrary, (only for the value; and, besides, for a long time it has been
prevention of sin,) and for enforcing conformity my fame and that of my people, that the obamong a people praiseworthy for following the servance of moral duty, and the service of the
four rules of virtue, and pious, doth the heaven- virtuous, should be practised : for this is to be
beloved king Piyadasi desire glory and reputation done. This is the fame that the beloved of the
in this world ; and whatsoever the heaven-beloved gods desires : and inasmuch as the beloved of
king Piyadasi chiefly displayeth heroism in ob- the gods excels, (he holds) all such reputations
taining, that is all (connected with) the other as no real reputation, but such as may be that
of the unrighteouspain and chaff; for it may
world.
" F o r in everything connected with his im- be acquired by crafty and unworthy persons;
mortality, there is, as regards mortal things in and by whatever further effort it is acquired,
general, discredit. Let this be discriminated with it is worthless and a source of pain."
encouragement or with abandonment, with honor
or with the most respectful force; and every difficulty connected with futurity shall, with equal
reverence, be vanquished."
Burnouf, after quoting the above translations by Prinsep and Wilson, gives his own translation
as follows :*
" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas, ne pense pas que la gloire ni la renommee produisent de grands
avantages, sauf la gloire (qu'il desire) pour lui-meme, savoir que mes peuples pratiquent longtemps
l'obeissance a la loi et qu'ils observent la regie de la loi. C'est pour cela seulement que Piyadasi,
le roi cheri des Devas, desire gloire et renommee. Car tout ce que Piyadasi, le roi cheri des DeVas,
deploie d'heroisme, c'est en vue de Fautre vie. Bien plus, toute gloire ne donne qeu peu de profit;
ce qui en resulte, au contraire, c'est ^absence de vertu. Toutefois c'est en effet une chose difficile
(que le travailler pour le ciel) pour un homme mediocre comme pour un homme eleve', si ce n'est
quand, par une heroisme supreme, on a tout abandonne; mais cela est certainement difficile pour un
homme eleve."
*Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 059

TRANSLATIONS.

124

EDICT XI.
Prinsep.

" Thus spake Piyadasi, the king, beloved of the

gods :
" ' There is no such charity as the charity which
springeth from virtue,-?(which is) the intimate
knowledge of virtue, the inheritance of virtue,
the close union with, virtue. And in these
maxims it is manifestedkindness towards servants and hirelings : towards mother and father
dutiful service is proper: towards a friend's offspring, to kindred in general, to Brahmans and
Sramans almsgiving is proper: avoiding the destruction of animals' life is proper.
" ( And this (saying) should be equally repeated
by father and son, (?) by hireling, and even so by
neighbours in general.
" 'This is excellent :and this is what ought to
be done!
"'And whoso doeth thus is blessed of: the inhabitants of this world: and in the next world
endless moral merit resulteth from such religious
charity/
EDICT
Prinsep.
" The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi propitiateth
all unbelievers, both of the ascetic and of the
domestic classes : by charitable offerings,, and by
every species of puja doth he (strive to) propitiate them. Not that the beloved of the gods
deemeth offerings or prayers to be of the same
(value) with true glory. The promotion of his
own salvation promoted, in many ways, the salvation of all unbelievers; of which, indeed, this is
the root, and the whole substance.
"Again, the propitiation of the converted
heretic, and the reproof of the unconverted heretic,
must not be (effected) by harsh treatment:but
let those who enter- into discussion (conciliate
them) by restraint of their own passions, and
by their mild address. By such and such conciliatory demeanours shall even the unconverted
heretics be propitiated. And such conduct increaseth the number of converted heretics, while
it disposeth of the unconverted heretic, and
effecteth a revolution of opinion in him. And
(he) encourageth the converted heretic, while he
disposeth completely of the unconverted heretic,
whosoever propitiateth the converted heretic, or
reproveth the unconverted heretic, by the pecuniary support of the converted heretic. And
whoso, again, doth so, he purifieth in the most

Wilson.
" Thus says the beloved of the gods, king
Priyadasi : ' There is no gift like the gift of virtue ; whether it be the praise of virtue, the apportionment of virtue, or relationship of virtue.
This fgift) is, the cherishing of slaves and dependants ; pious devotion to mother and father;
generous gifts to friends and kinsmen, Brahmans and Sramans ; and non-injury of living
beings is good. In this manner, it is to be
lived by father and son, and brother, and friend,
and friend's friend (?), and by a master (of
slaves), and by neighbours. This is good: this
is to be practised; and thus having acted, there
is happiness in worldly existence, and hereafter
great holiness is obtained by this gift of
virtue/ "

XII.
Wilson.
" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasi,
honors all forms of religious faith, whether
professed by ascetics or householders; he
honors them with gifts and with mainifold
kinds of reverence : but the beloved of the gods
considers no gift or honour so much as the
increase of the substance (of religion) :his encouragement of the increase of the substance
of all religious belief is manifold. But the root
of his (encouragement) is this:reverence fo r
one's own faith, and no reviling nor injury of
that of others. Let the reverence be shown in
such and such a manner as is suited to the difference of belief; as when it is done in that
manner, it augments our own faith, and benefits
that of others. "Whoever acts otherwise injures
his own religion, and wrongs that of others; for
he who in some way honors his own religion,
and reviles that of others, saying, having extended to all our 6wn belief, let us make it
famous;he who does this throws difficulties in
the way of his own religion : this, his conduct,
cannot be right. The duty of a person consists
in respect and service of others. Such is the
wish of the beloved of the gods; for in all
forms of religion there may be many scriptures
(Sutras), and many holy texts, which are to be

TBANSLATIONS.

125

Prinsep.
Wilson.
effectual manner the heretic;and o himself such thereafter followed through my protection,
an act is his very breath, and his well-being.
The beloved of the gods considers no gift or
" Moreover, < hear ye the religion of the faith- reverence to be equal to the increase of the
ful, and attend thereto 1 : even such is the desire, essence of religion : and as this is the object
the act, the hope of the beloved of the gods, that of all religions,with a view to its dissemination,
all unbelievers may speedily be purified, and superintendents of moral duty, as well as over
brought into contentment speedily.
women, and officers of compassion, as well as
" Furthermore, from place to place this most other officers (are appointed); and the fruit of
gracious sentiment should be repeated: ' The this (regulation) will be the augmentation of
beloved of the gods doth not esteem either our own faith, and the lustre of moral duty."
charitable offering or jpuja, as comparable with
true glory. The increase of blessing to himself
is (of) as much (importance) to all unbelievers/
" F o r this purpose, have been spread abroad
ministers of religion, possessing fortitude of mind,
and practices of every virtue. May the various
congregations co-operate (with them) for the
accomplishment therefor! For the increase of
converts is, indeed, the lustre of religion."
This Edict has been fortunate in attracting the attention of Burnouf, whose translation here
follows :*
" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas, honore tous les croyances, ainsi que les mendiants et les
maitres de maison, soit par des aum&nes, soit par des diverses marques de respect. Mais le roi
cheri des Devas honore tous les croyances, ainsi que les mendiants et les maitres de maison, soit par
des aumones, soit par des diverses marques de respect. Mais le roi cheVi des Devas n'estime pas
autant les aumones et les marques de respect que Taugmentation de ce qui est l'essence de la
renommee. Or, Paugmentation de ce qui est essentiel [en ce genre] pour toutes les croyances, est de
plusieurs especes: cepedant le fonds en est pour chacune d'elles la louange en paroles. II y a plus:
on doit seulement honorer sa propre croyance, mais non blamer celle des autres : il y aura ainsi peu le
tort de produit. II y a m&ne telle et telle circonstance ou la croyance des autres doit aussi etre,
honoree; en agissant ainsi selon chacun de ces circonstances, on augmente sa propre croyance et on
sert celle des autres. Celui qui agit autrement diminue sa propre croyance et fait tort aussi h celle
des autres. I/homme, quelqu'il soit, qui honore sa propre croyance et blame celle des autres, le tout
par devotion pour sa croyance, et bien plus, en disant: ' Mettons notre propre croyance en lumifere/
L'homme, dis-je, qui agit ainsi, ne fait que nuire plus gravement a sa croyance propre. C'est
pourquoi le bon accord seul est bien. II y a plus; que les homines eeoutent et suivent avec soumission chacun la loi les uns des autres; car tel est le de*sir du roi cheri des Devas. II y a plus:
puissent [les homines de] toutes les croyances abonder en savoir et prosperer en vertu ! E t ceux qui
out f oi a telle et telle religion, doivent repdter ceci: Le roi che*ri des Devas n'estime pas autant les
aumones et les marques de respect que Paugmentation de ce qui est Pessence de la renommee et la
multiplication de toutes les croyances. A cet effet onfc ete e*tablis des grands ministres de la loi et
des grands ministres surveillants des femmes, ainsi que des inspecteurs des lieux secrets, et d'autres
corps d'agents. E t le fruit de cette institution, c'est que ^augmentation des religions ait promptement lieu, ainsi que la mise en lumiere de la loi."
EDICT XIII.
Prinsep.
t(
Whose equality, and exertion towards that
object, exceeding activity, judicious conduct
afterwards in the Kalinga provinces not to be
obtained by wealth
the decline of religion,
* Le Lotas dc la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 762.

126

TRANSLATIONS.

Prinsep.
murder, and death, and unrestrained license of
mankind, when flourished the (precious maxims)
of Devanampiyo, comprising the essence of learning and of science tdutiful service to mother
and father; dutiful service to spiritual teachers:
the love of friend and child; (charity) to kinsfolk, to servants (to Brahmans and Sramans, &c,
which) cleanse away the calamities of generations:
further also in these things unceasing perseverance is fame. There is not in either class of the
heretics of men, not so to say, a procedure marked
by such grace,
nor so glorious nor friendly,
nor even so extremely liberal as Devanampiyo's
injunctions for the non-injury, and content of
living creatures
....and the Greek King besides, by whom the Kings of Egypt, Ptolemaios
and Antigonos, (?) and Magas,
both
here and in foreign (countries), everywhere the
religious ordinances of Devanampiyo effect conversion, wherever they go;
conquest is of
every description : but further the conquest which
bringeth joy springing from pleasant emotions,
becometh joy itself; the victory of virtue is
happiness : the victory of happiness is not to be
overcome, that which essentially possesses a pledge
of happiness,
such victory is desired in things
of this world and things of the next world !
" And this place is named the WHITE ELEPHANT,
conferring pleasure on all the world/''*
EDICT
Prinsep.
" This religious edict is caused to be written by
the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi. It is (partly)
(written) with abridgment; it is (partly) with
ordinary extent; and it is (partly) with amplification : not incoherent (or disjointed) but throughout continuous (and united) it is powerful in
overcoming the wise; and it is much written
and caused to be written, yet it is always but the
same thing repeated over and over again.
" For the persuasive eloquence which is lavished
on each separate subject shall man the rather
render obedience thereunto!
" Furthermore, at one time even unto the conclusion is this written, incomparable in manner,
and conformable with the copy, by Relachepu the
scribe and pandit.-"

XIV.
Burnouf.
" Ce texte de la loi a e*te ^crit par Tordre de
Piyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas. H se trouve
sous une forme abregee, il se trouve sous une
forme de moyenne etendue, il se trouve enfin sous
une forme developpee: et cependant le tout
n'est certainement pas mutile. Des grands
hommes aussi ont fait des conquetes, et ont
beaucoup ecrit; et moi je ferai aussi ecrire ceci.
Et s'il y a ici autant de repetitions, c'est k cause
de la douceur de chacune des pensees qui sont
repdtSes. II y a plus ! puisse le peuple y conformer sa conduite! Tout ce qui peut, en
quelques endroits, avoir 6t6 ecrit sans etre
acheve, sans ordre, et sans qu'on ait un e*gard
au texte qui fait autorit^, tout cela vientuniquement de la faute de l'ecrivain."

* This last sentence should follow Edict XIV. Professor Kern translates it differently1' the White Elephant whos
name is Bringer of happiness to the whole world,'" and adds " that by this term Sdkya is implied there can be no doubt
since the legend says that the Bodhisattva, the future Buddha, left heaven to bring happiness to men, and entered his mother's
womb as a "White Elephant." See Indian Antiquary, V, 257, 258.
f As no translation of this Edict has been given by Wilson, it is fortunate that we possess another version from the
learned and careful pen of Burnouf in Le Lotus dc la Bonne Loi, p. 752.

; TRANSLATIONS.
No. 6.

DHAULI AND JAUGADA.

No.

1. SEPARATE EDICT.

Prinsep.

Burnonf.

Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 442.

Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 672-683.

" B y command of Devanampiya (the beloved

of the gods) ! In (the city of) Tosali, the public
officers in charge of the town are to be enjoined
(as follows) :
" Whomsoever I ascertain to be a murderer,
him do I desire to be imprisoned. This I publicly
proclaim, and I will carry into effect however
difficult:for this my supreme will is irresistible!
On this account the present Tope (stupa) is denominated the tope of commandment.
" From amongst many thousand souls, oh ye
my chosen people! repair ye (hither) to the holy
men. Every righteous man is my (true) subject,
and for my "subjects I desire this only, that
they may be possessed of every benefit and
happiness as to things of this world and of the
world beyond
and furthermore I desire ye
do not purify the wicked until
" In this country and not anywhere else is to
be seen such a stupa (?) in which is provided
proper rules of moral conduct.
" When one man relieves (his fellow-creature)
from the bondage and misery (of sin), it necessarily follows that he himself is released from
bondage; but again despairing at the number of
human beings in the same state (whom he is unable to relieve) he is much troubled.
Thence is this stupa so desirable (as an asylum);
that in the midst of virtuous regulations we may
pursue our obedient course !
And through these classes (of deeds) are people
rendered disobedient, viz., by enviousness, by the

" Au nom du (roi) cheri des Devas, le grand

ministre de Tosali, gouverneur de la ville, doit
s'entendre dire: Quoique ce soit que je decrete,
je desire qu'il en soit Pexdcuteur. Voila ce que
je lui fait connaitre, et je recommence deux
fois, parce que cette repetition est regarded par
moi comme capitale. C'est dans ce dessein que
ce TiipAa (Siilpa) a ete dresse; ce Stupa de
commandement en effet a ete destind aujourd'hui
a de nombreux milliers d'etres vivants, comme
un present et un bouquet de fleurs pour les gens
de bien. Tout homme de bien est pour moi
un fils. E t pour mes fils, ce que je desire, c'est
qu'ils soient en possession de toute espece
d'avantages, et de plaisirs, tant dans ce monde
que dans l'autre. Ainsi je desire le bonheur du
peuple, et puissiez-vous ne pas e'prouver de
malheur, jusqu'a {locum de 10 leltres) un seul
homme pense. En effet, ce SlUpa regard ce
pays tout entier qui nous est soumis; sur ce
Slilpa a dte* promulgude la regie morale. Que
si un homme (4 lettres) est soumis soit a la
captivitd, soit a de mauvais traitements, il
partir de ce moment (il sera de'livre') a Pinstant
par lui de cette captivite et des autres (2 lettres)
Beaucoup de gens du pays souffrent dans Pesclavage; c'est pourquoi ce StUpa a du etre ddsire.
Puissions-nous, me suis-je dit, (leur) faire obtenir
la liqueur enivrante de la morale! Mais la
morale n'est pas respecte'e par ces especes (de
vices): l'envie, la destruction de la vie, les injures,
la violence, ^absence d'occupation, la paresse,

TRANSLATIONS.
Burnouf.

Prinsep.

Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 442.

Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 672-683.

practice of destroying life, by tyranny, by

cruelty, by idleness, by laziness, by waste of time.
That morality is to be desired which is based on
my ordinances (?), and in all these the roots (or
leading principles) are,the non-destruction of
life, and the non-infliction of cruelty. May the
desire of such moral guidance endure unto the
end of time! and may these (principles) continuing to rise (in estimation) ever flourish, and inasmuch as this benefit and love should be ever had
in remembrance, my desire is that in this very
manner, these (ordinances) shall be pronounced
aloud by the person appointed to the Stupa; and
adverting to nothing else but precisely according
to the commandment of Devanampiya, let him
(further) declare and explain them.
" Much longing after the things of (this life)
is a disobedience I again declare: not less so is
the laborious ambition of dominion by a prince,
(who would be) a propitiator of heaven. Confess
and believe in God, who is the worthy object of
obedience! for equal to this (belief), I declare
unto you, ye shall not find such a means of propitiating heaven. Oh strive ye to obtain this inestimable treasure!
" And this edict is to be read (at the time of)
the lunar mansion Tisa, at the end of the month
of Bhatun: it is to be made heard (even if)
"by a single (listener). And thus (has been
founded) the Kalanta stupa for the spiritual instruction of the congregation. For this reason is
this edict here inscribed, whereby the inhabitants
of the town may be guided in their devotions
.for ages to comeand as of the people insensibly
the divine knowledge and insensibly the (good
works) increase so the god of passion no longer
yieldeth them gratification (?).
" For this reason also I shall cause to be, every
five years, a general nikhama, (or act of humiliation?) (on which occasions) the slaughter (of no
animal of any kind ?) shall take place. Having
learnt this object, it shall be so carried into effect
according to my commandment.
'e And the young prince of Ujein, for the same
purpose, shall cause a religious observance of the
self-same custom: and he shall not allow any
transgression of this custom for the space of
three yearsso that when
functionaries have admitted to initiation the penitent,
then should any not leave off his (evil) practices
if even there be hundreds (in the same predicament) it shall be certainly done unto him according) to the commandment of the raja.

la faine*antise. La gloire qui doit etre ddsiree,

est que ces (3 lettres) puissent exister pour moi.
Or elles ont toutes pour fondement l'absence de
meurtre, et Fabsence de violence. Que celui
qui, desirant suivre la regie, serait dans la crainte,
sorte de sa profonde detresse et prosp&re; 1'utile
et Tagr&ible sont les seules choses qui doivent
etre obtenues. Aussi est-ce \h ce qui doit &tre
proclame par le gardien du Si-tipa qui ne regardera rien autre chose {on Men, aussi cet edit
a du etre exprime au moyen du Prdkrita et non
dans un autre idiome). E t ainsi le veut ici le
commandement du roi ch^ri des Devas. J'en
confie Fexecution au grand ministre. Avec de
grands desseins, jefais executer ce qui n'a pas ete
mis k execution;. non en effet, cela n'est pas.
L'acquisition du ciel, voila en realite ce qu'il
est difficile d'obtenir, mais non ^acquisition de la
royaute. J'honore extremement les Richesses
aussi accomplis, mais (je dis) : Vous n'obtiendrez pas ainsi le ciel. Efforcez-vous d'acquerir
ce tresor sans prix.
" E t cet e*dit doit etre entendu an Nakhata Tisa
(Nakchatra Tiehya) et a la fin du mois Tisa
(4 lettres) au Nalchata, merne par une seule
personne il doit etre entendu. E t c'est ainsi
que ce SiHpa doit etre honore jusqu'a la fin des
temps pour le bien de FAssemblee.
" C'est pour cela que cet e"dit a 6ti ecrit ici
afin que les gouverneurs de la ville s'appliquent
continuellement (5 lettres) pour le peuple une
instruction instantanee, instantand aussi * * *
comblant les de'sirs pour nous * * voila..
tc
Et pour cela, tous les cinq ans je ferai executer (la confession) par les ministres de la loi celui
qui dissimulant ses pe*ches (2 lettres) celui Ik sera
impuissant dans son effort.
"Ayant connu cet objet * * * car
tel est mon commandement. Et le Prince Eoyal
d'Udjdjayini devra aussi a cause de cela
exe*cuter {4 lettres) une ceremonie parelle: et
il ne devra pas laisser, passer plus de trois ans ;
et de meme ainsi a Takhasila {Takchagila)
meme. Quand (4 lettres) les grands ministres
. executeront la ceremonie de la confession, alors,
sans faire abandonner son metier k aucun des
gens du peuple, ils le feront pratiquer au contraire par chacun. C'est la Tordre du roi."

TRANSLATIONS.

129

No. 7.

DHAULI AND JAUGADA.

No. II. SEPARATE EDICT.
Prinsep.

Burnouf.

Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 446.

Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 693-707.

" By command of Devanampiya! I t shall be

signified to the prince and the great officers in
the city of Tosale"Whomsoever I ascertain to be
and this my supreme will is irresistible !
On this account is the present Stupa

" Au nom du (roi) cheri des Devas, le prince

royal et le grand ministre de Tosali, gouverneur
de la ville, doit s'entendre dire."
p. 693.

and for my loving subjects do I ardently desire

to this effect:that they may be filled with every
species o blessing and happiness both as to the
things of this world and the world beyond!
maybe
of countless things as yet unknown
I ardently desire
they may partake! Thus hath said Devanampiya
may repose
....and take pleasure, while the removal of
affliction is in like manner the chief consequence
of true devotion. (?) Devanampiya hath also
said;fame (consisteth in) this act, to meditate
with devotion on my motives, and on my deeds
(of virtue) and to pray for blessings in this
world and the world to come. For this purpose
do I appoint another (?) Stupa by the which I
cause to be respected that which is (above) directed and proclaimed and my promise is imperishable ! However bitter (or hard) it shall be
carried into effect by me, and consolation (will
accrue to him who obeys ?) by which is exceeding
virtueso be it."

" Ainsi je desire qu'ils puissent ne pas eprouver de terreur."

p. 695.

" Like as love itself, so is Devanampiya worthy

of respect! and as the soul itself so is the unrelaxing guidance of Devanampiya worthy of
respect! and according (to the conduct of) the
subject, so is the compassion of Devanampiya:
wherefore I myself, to accomplish his commands,
will become the slave and hireling of Devanampiya. For this reason the DubaUhi Tupha (is
instituted) for undisturbed meditation, and for

" Qu'ils ecoutent, voila, et qu'ils se consolent,

qu'ils obtiennent aussi du bonheur."
p. 695.

Le roi cheri des Devas a dit."

" Qu'ils obtiennent le bonheur en ce monde

et dans l'autre."
p. 696.
"C'est dans ce dessein que je commande,
le Sf/Apa exprime mes ordres."
p. 696.
" Consequemment je proclame et ce qui est
ordonne, et toute autre chose que ccla dont il
a ete donne connaissance."
p. 697.
" E t la promesse de moi, imperissable elle
(est)."
'
p. 698.
" Aussi une ceuvre difficile doit-elle etre
accomplic ? "
p. 698.
" Comme un ami, ainsi est Devanampiya certainement."
(ou)
" Comme un pere, ainsi est Devanampiya."*
p. 698.
" Et comme un enfant, ainsi moi (qui parle)
je dois etre chatie par Devanampiya."
p. 700.

* Burnouf adopted this alternative reading of pita " f a t h e r " from Kittoe's copj, in preference to Prinsep's reading of
pxye. AB the Jaugada text has pita, there can be no hesitation in adopting his correction.

130

TRANSLATIONS.
Vrinsep.

Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 446.

(securing every) blessing and happiness as to the
concerns of this world and the world beyond !
and thus to the end of time (is this) Twpha for
the propitiation of heaven."

Burnouf.
Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 693-707.
" Je serai Pesclave et la serviteur a gages de
Devanampiya."
p. 700.
"C'est pourquoi le St'Apa {Le Dubalahi)
pour la consolation ainsi que pour Pavantage,
et le bonheur a ete, tant dans ce monde que dans
Pautre."
p. 702.
" E t ainsi jusqu'a la fin des temps le SiHpa
fera obtenir le ciel."
p. 704.

" Accordingly strive ye to accomplish each and

all of my desires. For this object is this edict
here inscribed, whereby (the spot) shall be caused
by me to receive the name of mahdmatd swasatam, or (place of meditation of the officers). Let
it so remain for a prepetual endowment by me
and for the furtherance of religion.
" And this edict shall be read aloud in the course
of the month of BMtun (Bhadun?) (when the
moon is) in the nakhatra (or lunar mansion) of
Tisa:and, as most desirable, also it shall be
repeatedly read aloud in the last month of the
year, in the lunar mansion Tisa, even if one
person be present; thus to the end of time to
afford instruction to the congregation of the
Tupha."

" Et cet edit a ete inscrit ici dans ce dessein

Dceme que les grands ministres s'appliquent a la
consolation (du peuple), et a la pratique de la loi."
p. 704.

" E t cet edit doit etre entendu tous les

quatres mois, au NaJchata Tisa (Nakchatra
Tichya)."
p- 705.
" Et meme dans Pintervalle, a, tel moment
que cela sera desire, Pedit pourra etre lu par un
seul Tissa."
P- 6 " C'est ainsi qu' on doit pourvoir a ce que le
Sttipa soit honorer jusqu'a la fin des temps."
p. 707.

No. 8.

EOCK AT SAHASAEAM.
Translation by D R . Gr. BUHLER.

See Indian Antiquary, 1877, page 156.

"' The beloved of the gods speaketh thus: [It is more than thirty-two'] years [and a half] that
I am a worshipper [of Buddha], and I have not exerted myself strenuously. [It is] a year and
more [that I have exterted myself strenuously]. During this interval those gods that were [held to be]
true gods in Jambudripa have been made [to be regarded as] men* and false. For through strenuous exertion comes this reward, and it ought not to be said to be an effect of [my] greatnessFor
even a small man who exerts himself can gain for himself great rewards in heaven. Just for this
purpose a sermon has been preached.
" ' B o t h small ones and great ones should exert themselves, and in the end they should also
obtain [true] knowledge. And this spiritual good will increase; it will even increase exceedingly;
it will increase one [size] and a half, at least one [size] and a half/ And this sermon [is] by the
DEPARTED. Two-hundred [years] exceeded by fifty-six, 256, have passed since; and I have caused
this matter te be incised on the hills; or where those stone pillars are, there too I have caused it to
be incised."
* This phrase probably alludes to the Buddhist belief that the Devas also have shorter or longer terms of existence.

TRANSLATIONS.

131

No. 9.

ROCK AT RUPNATH.
;

Translation by D B . G BUHLER.

See Indian Antiquary, 1877, page 156.

" The beloved of the gods speaketh thus: [It is] more than thirty-two years and a half that I
am a hearer [of the law"], and I did not exert myself strenuously. But it is a year and more that
I have entered the community [of ascetics'], and that I have exerted myself strenuously. Those
gods who during this time were considered to be true [gods] in Jambudvipa have now been abjured.
For through exertion [comes] this reward, and it cannot be obtained by greatness. For a small
[man], who exerts himself somewhat can gain for himself great heavenly bliss. And for this purpose, this sermon has been preached: ' Both great ones and small ones should exert themselves, and
should in the end gain [true] knowledge, and this manner [of acting] should be what ? Of long
duration. For this spiritual good will grow the growth, and will grow exceedingly, at the least it
will grow one [size] and a half/ And this matter has been caused to be written on the hills;
[where] a stone pillar is, [there] it has been written on a stone pillar. And as often as [man brings]
to this writing ripe thought, [so often] will he rejoice, learning to subdue his senses.* This
sermon has been preached by the DEPARTED. 256 [years have elapsed] since the departure of the
TEACHER."

No. 10.

SECOND BAIRAT ROCK.

TRANSLATIONS.
JBurnouf.

Wilson.

Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 725.

Journal of the Koyal Asiatic Society, XVI, 366.

Leroi Piyadasa, k F Assemble du Magadha

qu'il fait saluer, a souhait^ et peu de peines et une
existence agreable.
" II est bien connu, seigneurs, jusqu'ou vont
et mon respect et ma foi pour le Buddha, pour la
Loi, pour l'Assemblee.
" Tout ce qui, seigneurs, a dte dit par le bienheureux Buddha, tout cela seulement est bien
dit. II faut done montrer, seigneurs, quelles
(en) sont les autorites; de cette maniere, la bonne
loi sera de longue duree; voila ce que moi je crois
necessaire.
" En attendant, voici, seigneurs, les sujets qu*
embrasse la loi; les homes marquees par le Vinaya
(ou la discipline), les faculte's surnaturelles des
Ariyas, les dangers de l'avenir, les stances du
solitaire, le Suta (le Sutra) du solitaire, la specu-

"Priyadasi, the King to the venerable assembly

of Magadha, commands the infliction of little
pain, and indulgence to animals.
" I* is verily known, I proclaim, to what extent my respect and favour (are placed) in
Buddha, in the law, and in the assembly.
" Whatsoever (words) have been spoken by
the divine Buddha, they have all been well said,
and in them verily I declare that capability of
proof is to be discernedso that the pure law
(which they teach) will be of long duration, as
far as I am worthy (of being obeyed).
" For these I declare are the precepts of the
law of the principal discipline (Vinaya) having
overcome the oppressions of the Aryas, and
future perils, (and refuted) the songs of the
Munis, the Sutras of the Munis, (the practices)

"

* The original has a double meaning. The other meaning is " And as often as [a man seasons Ms"] boiled rice with this
condiment he will be satisfied, falling into a state of Samvara, i.e., that state of intense satisfaction and repletion, in which
he closes his eyes from pleasure, and .suspends the activity of the senses generally."

132

TRANSLATIONS.
Prinsep.

.. Wilson.

Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 725.

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, XVI, 366.

lation d'Upatissa (Cariputra) seuleinent, Fin- of inferior ascetics, the censure of a light world,
struction de Laghula (Rahula), en rejetant les and (all) false doctrines,
doctrines fausses.
" These things, as declared by the divine
" (Voila) ce qui a 6te dit par le bienheureux Buddha, I proclaim, and I desire them to be reBuddha. Ces sujets qu'embrasse la loi, seigneurs, garded as the precepts of the law.
je de*sire, et c'est la gloire a laquelle je tiens le
" And that as many as there may be, male and
plus, que les Religieux et les Religieuses les female mendicants, may hear and observe them,
^coutent et les meditent constamment, aussi bien constantly, as well also as male and female folque lesfidelesdes deux sexes.
lowers (of the laity).
" C'est pour cela, seigneurs, que je (vous) fais
" These things I affirm, and have caused this
ecrire ceci: telle est ma volonte* et ma declara- to be written (to make known to you) that such
tion/"
will be my intention."
The following improved translation of this important inscription has lately appeared in the Indian
Antiquary, Vol. V, p. 257, from the very competent pen of Professor Kern :
" King Priyadarsin (that is, the Humane) of Magadha greets the Assembly (of Clerics)* and
wishes them welfare and happiness. Ye know, Sirs, how great is our reverence and affection for
the Triad, which is called Buddha (the Master), Faith, and Assembly. All that ou r Lord Buddha has
spoken, my Lords, is well spoken ; wherefore, Sirs, it must indeed be regarded as having indisputable
authority; so the true faith shall last long. Thus, my Lords, I honour (?) in the first place these
religious works:Summary of the Discipline, The Supernatural Powers of the Master, (or of the
Masters), The Terrors of the Future, The Song of the Hermit, The Sutra on Asceticism, The Question
of Upatishya, and The Admonition to Rdhula concerning Falsehood, uttered by our Lord Buddha.

These religious works, Sirs, I will that the Monks and Nuns, for the advancement of their good
name, shall uninterruptedly study and remember, as also the laics of the male and female sex. For
this end, my Lords, I cause this to be written, and have made my wish evident/'
-No. 10.

KHANDAGIRI E0CK.
TRANSLATIONS.
1." Salutation (or glory) to the arhantas, glory to all the saints; (or those who have attained
final emancipation).
" By Aira, the great king, borne on this mighty cloud-chariot,rich in possession of the
purest wealth of heart and desire,of exceeding personal beauty,having an army
of undaunted courage.
" By him (was made) the excavation of the 83 rocky peaks of Kalingadwipa" (or) " by
him, the king of Kalinga, was this rock excavation (made) "
LINE 2." [By him] possessed of a comely form at the age of 15 years,then joining in youthful
sports,afterwards for nine years engaged in mastering the arts of reading and writing
arithmetic, navigation, commerce, and law;and resplendant in all knowledge,(the
former Raja being then in his 85th year), thus, at the age of 24, full of wisdom and
uprightness, and on the verge of manhood, (lit. the remainder of.youth) [through
him] does a third victory in the battle of the city of the Kalinga royal family
sanctify the accession (anointment) of the maharaja.
LINE 3."Upon his accession, choosing the Brahmanical faith he causes to be repaired the citywalls and houses [that had been] destroyed by a storm.

LINE

* Or, " greets the Assembly of Magadha."

t Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1080.

TRANSLATIONS
OF

CAVE INSCRIPTIONS.
BARABAR OAVES.
No. 1.
Bumouf.
A. .
" Par le roi Piyadasi, la douzieme annee de son
" By the King Piyadasi, in the 12 th year of
sacre, cette caverne du Nig oka (le figuier Indien) his inauguration, this cave of the Nyagrodha
a ete donnee (le reste manque)."
Tree (the banian) has been given to the mendicants."
As Bumouf found Kittoe's copy of this inscription incomplete, he left his translation as above.
But as I have been able to complete the text by the addition of the words [di)nd adivikemhi, I have
added the translation of the same phrase " aux mendiants," as given by Burnouf in another place.*
No. 2.
Burnouf.
A. C.
" Par le roi Piyadasi, la douzieme annee de son
" By the King Piyadasi, in the 12th year of
sacre, cette grotte dans la montagne Khalatika a his inauguration, this cave in the Khalatika
ete donnee par les mendiants."
hills has been given to the mendicants."
Burnouf has an interesting note on the name of Khalatika, which he ingeniously identifies witli
the Sanskrit skhalatika, " slippery "f In my descriptive account of these caves in the early part of
this volume I have suggested that this name may be connected with Thsang's Kie-lan-to, and with
the Kallatii or Kalantii Indians of Herodotus and Hekatseus.
No. 3.
Burnouf,
A. C.
" Le Roi Piyadasi * la dix-neuvieme annee
" The King Piyadasi, in the 19th year after
depuis son sacre * * * cette caverne" * * his inauguration * * this cavern * * in
the Khalanti hill" * *
Burnouf felt unable to suggest even a conjectural reading for the imperfect portion of this inscription.:}: I have recovered the words Khalati or Khalanti pavata, but I can make nothing of the
remaining portion.
OAVES.
No. 4.
Prinsejp.

Burnouf.

" The Brahman girl's cave, excavated by the

" La caverne des Tisserands a te destinee par
hands of the most devoted sect of Bauddha le roi Dasalatha, le bien aime des D&vas, aussiascetics for the purpose of a secluded residence, tot apres sa consecration au trdne, a dtre un lieu
* Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 779-780.
t Le Lotus, Appendice, 779.
X Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 780.

134

TRANSLATIONS.

" For the poor (or ascetics) of Kalinga a reservoir of cool water and a ghat (?), also
presents of every necessaiy and equipages he makes permanent endowment of/'
LINE 4."With 83,000panas* he gains the affection of his people, and in a second house [which]
tlie architect lias prepared on tlie western side (for) horses, elephants, men, carriages,
a number of chambers he caused to be established (or he transferred them thither)
for those coming from Kansa forest to see; the balcony
*
*
*
of the
LINE 5.
inhabitants of S&kanagara; he, inclining to virtue, skilled in the science of music,
causing to be sounded the dampana and the tabhata (drums ?) with beautiful and
merry dancing girls causes diversions.
" In like manner turning his mind to law, in an establishment of learned 'men, he [ called
together ] the Buddhist priests of Eastern Kalinga, who were settled there under the ancient kings."
LINE 6.*
* "act of devotion *
*
jewel
*
*
all equipages
*
*
*
he gives to god."
" Afterwards inclining to charity, the hundred houses (?) of Nanda Raja destroyed, f
and himself expelled; all that was in the city of Vajapanddi'3 [ here we may fill up
" he converted the plunder to the charitable purposes alluded to," and this sense is
borne out by the beginning of the following or 7th line ] .
LINE 7." He munificently distributes in charity many hundred thousands [panas~\the town
territory."
*
*
*
LINE 8." [To] the prince who caused [its] destruction, he ordains the pain of the cavern [imprisons
in one of the caves?]and causes the murderer to labour by a generous requital
* * seated on the hill * * * and lavishes bland speeches and obedience."
LINE 9." Apes, bulls, horses, elephants, buffaloes (?) and all requisites for the furniture of the
house;to induce the practice of rejecting improper persons, he further bestowed
(or appointed) attendants of the baiman caste (Brahman ?).
[From this point the commencement of each line is lost.]

10."rdja causes to be made the palace (or fort) of 15 victories"

11." finding no glory in the country which had been the seat of the ancient princes,a city
abounding in envy and hypocrisy,and reflecting in the year 1300"[a break
follows and leaves us in the dark as to what era (if any) is here alluded to ] * * *
falling of heavenly form * * * twelve * * * .
LINE 12.1|
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* '
LINE 13." He distributes much gold at Benares * * * * he gives as charity innumerable
and most precious jewels."
LINE 14." In the year 1300 married with the daughter of the so-called conqueror of the mountains
(a hill raja), [the rest is obscure, butseemingly declaratory of some presents to priests].
LINE 15.(Few words intelligible.)
LINE 16." He causes to be constructed subterranean chambers, caves containing a chetiya temple
and pillars." * * * *
LINE 17."For whom the happy heretics continually pray * * slayer, having a lakh of
equipages * * the fearless sovereign of many hills, by the sun (cherished, or some
such epithet) the great conqueror Raja Khdravela Sanda (or "the king of the Ocean
shore," reading Khdravelasya, and supposing the two final strokes not to be letters)."
I read the last name as Kharnvela Sri, and just preceding it there seems to be a cluster of
geographical names, ending with " all the rajas of the hill districts," pavata-chaho rdja savam.

LINE
LINE

* There is no word for 83 in the original, Prinsep having got two letters too many in the term pannatisidhi, which he
reads pannatasirasihi. Apparently the sum is 100,000, satasahasehi according to Prinsep's own reading of the following
word.
t Here Prinsep reads porajanapadam, which may be correct, but the initial letter in the photograph looks like O .
X Here my corrector reading of the text will necessitate a fresh translation, which will considerably alter the meaning.
At the end of this line where Prinsep reads Siripithi rdjdno I read utara-patha-rajdno, or " the king of the northern
region," an expression which recalls the Dakshinapatha or southern region of Samudra Gupta's inscription.
|| Prinsep has not attempted to read any portion of this line, but I observe the name of Nanda Raja, and I think also
that of Hagadha vasasa.

TRANSLATIONS.

135

Prinsep.
Biirnouf.
was appointed their habitation in perpetuity by ^habitation pour les respectables mendiants*
Dasaratha, the beloved of the gods, immediately tant que dureront le soleil et la lune/'f
on his ascending the throne/'*
This cave, as well as the two next mentioned, were excavated by King Dasaratha, the grandson
of Asoka, in the first year of his reign, B. C. 215, as a residence for Bhadantas. I have formerly
suggested that the term Vapiyaka, which is the name of the cave, was derived from Vdpi, a well or
reservoir, and that the cave was so called because there is a fine large well immediately in front of
it. The well is 9 feet in diameter and 23 feet deep.J
No. 5.
Prinsep.
Burnouf.
" The Milkmaid's cave, excavated by the hands
" La caverne de la Berglre a ete destinee par
of the most devoted sect of Bauddha ascetics for le Dasalatha, le bien-aime des Devas, aussithe purpose of a secluded residence, was appointed tot apres sa consecration au trone, a etre un
their habitation in perpetuity by Dasaratha, the lieu d'habitation pour les respectables mendibeloved of the gods, immediately on his ascending ants, tant que dureront le soleil et la lune."(|
the throne/'
Burnouf suggests that these caves probably existed before the time of Dasaratha as natural
caverns, and were already known as the " Milkmaid's cave/' &c. This explanation seems a very
natural one, but I do not think that it can be true, as all these caves have been hewn out of solid
masses of rock, where the outer face presents a clean and unfissured front. Apparently Burnouf was
not quite satisfied with the translation of Gopika KuMd as " la caverne de la Berg&re," for he gives
the alternative version of " la caverne des Bergers/" by making gopika an adjective agreeing
with kubha.
No. 6
Prinsep.
Burnouf.
Prinsep has not proposed any rendering of the
" La caverne de celui qui a cru en richesses a
word Vadathika, which forms the name of the ete destinee par le roi Dasalatha/' &c, as in
cave.
Nos. 4 and ffc%
In this translation Burnouf has taken vadathika as the equivalent of the Sanskrit vriddhartha,
" celui qui a fait croitre ses richesses."

TJDAYAG-miNo. 1.The Snake Cave.

{l

The impregnable (or unequalled) Chamber of

Chulakarma" * * continued in
No. 2.-77 Snake Cave.
" and the appropriate temple (or palace) of Karma"
* (Rishi ?)
No. 3.The Tiger Cave.
" Excavated by Ugra Aveda (the antivedist ?)
the Sasuvin."

" The cave of Sabhidi of Ugara

Akhada/'ff

* Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 678.

Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 678.
t Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 775.
|| Le Lotug de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 775-776.
X Archaeological Survey of India, I, 49.
5F
Ditto
ditto,
778.
** These translations are taken from the Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1073, 1074.
f t My reading of the text of this inscription is taken from a photographic picture of a cast made by Mr. H. H. Locke..

136

TEANSLATIONS.
Prinsejp.
No. 4.Nameless Cave.
The excavation of Yan&kiya for *
No. 5.The JPaiuan Cave.

(Similar to No. 1.)

No. 6.Manikpura Cave.

" The excavation of the mighty (or of Vira) " Cave of Aira Maharaja, lord of Kalinga, the
sovereign, the lord of Kalinga, &c, * * * of great cloud-borne" * * *
Kadepa (?) the worshipper of the Sun."
No. 7.Manikpura Cave.
" The excavation of the Prince VattaJca,"
" Cave of Prince Vaddaka."
As this last record is placed over a small door of the same cave in which No. 6 is found, it
would seem that Prince Vaddaka must have been a son of Raja Aira.
No. 8.The VaiJcanta Cave.
Prinsep.

"Excavation of the Bajas of Kalinga enjoying

the favour of the Arhantas" (Buddhist Saints)
(the rest is too much mutilated to be read with
any degree of confidence).

"Cave made-by * * * Raja Lal&ka for

the benefit (or use) of the Arhantas" and
Sramanas of Kalinga, &c, * "

TRANSLATIONS.
PIILAE INSCRIPTIONS.
See Journal of Bengal Asiatic Society, Vol. VI, p. 581, by Prinsep.

DELHI PILLARNORTH SIDE.

EDICT I.
Prinsep.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:' In the twenty-seventh year of my anointment, I
nave caused this religious edict to be published in writing. I acknowledge and confess the faults
that have been cherished in my heart. From the love of virtue, by the side of which all other
things are as sins, from the strict scrutiny of sin. and from fervent desire to be told of sin, by
the fear of sin and by very enormity of sin;by these may my eyes be strengthened and confirmed
(in rectitude).
" ' The sight of religion, and the love of religion, of their own accord increase and will ever
increase: and my people, whether of the laity {grihist) or of the priesthood (ascetics), all mortal
beings, are knit together thereby, and prescribe to themselves the same path: and, above all,
having obtained the mastery over their passions, they become supremely wise. For this is indeed
true wisdom: it is upheld and bound by (it consists in) religion; by religion which cherishes,
religion which teaches pious acts, religion that bestows (the only true) pleasure."
EDICT II.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:'In religion is the chief excellence; but religion
consists in good works: in the non-omission of many acts:mercy and charity, purity and
chastity;(these are) to me the anointment of consecration. Towards the poor and the. afflicted,
towards bipeds and quadrupeds, towards the fowls of the air and things that move in the
waters, manifold have been the benevolent acts performed by me. Out of consideration for things
inanimate even many other excellent things have been done by m e / To this purpose is the present
edict promulgated; let all pay attention to it (or take cognizance thereof), and let it endure for
ages to come:and he who acts in conformity thereto, the same shall attain eternal happiness,
(or shall be united with Sugato)/ "*
EDICT III.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:' Whatever appeareth to me to be virtuous and
good, that is so held to be good and virtuous by me, and not the less if it have evil tendency, is it
accounted for evil by me or is it named among the asinave (the nine offences ?). "Eyes are given
(to man) to distinguish between the two qualities (between right and wrong) : according to the
capacity of the eyes so may they behold.
" ' The following are accounted among the nine minor transgressions :mischief, hard-heartedness, anger, pride, envy. These evil deeds of nine kinds, shall on no account be mentioned. They
should be regarded as opposite (or prohibited). Let this (ordinance) be impressed on my heart:
let it be cherished with all my soul/ "f
Baraouf has criticised this translation in Le Lotas de la Bonne Loi, p. 667.
f The translation of this Edict has been criticised by Burnouf in Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 669.

138

TRANSLATIONS.
.EDICT

IV.

WEST SIDE.

" Thus spake king Piyadasi, beloved of the gods :f In the twenty-seventh year of my anointment, I have caused to be promulgated the following religious edict. My devotees, in very many
hundred thousand souls, having (now) attained unto knowledge, I have ordained (the following)
fines and punishments for their transgressions. Wherever devotees shall abide around (or circumambulate) the holy fig-tree for the performance of pious duties, the benefit and pleasure of the
country and its inhabitants shall be (in making) offerings: and according to their generosity or
otherwise shall they enjoy prosperity or adversity : and they shall give thanks for the coming of
the faith. Whatever villages with their inhabitants may be given or maintained for the sake of
the worship, the devotees shall receive the same, and for an example unto my people they shall
follow after (or exercise solitary) austerities. And likewise, whatever blessings they shall pronounce, by these shall my devotees accumulate for the worship (?). Furthermore, the people shall
attend in the night the great myrobalan-tree and the holy fig-tree. My people shall foster
(accumulate) the great myrobalan. Pleasure is to be eschewed, as intoxication (?).
" { M y devotees doing thus for the profit and pleasure of the village, whereby they (coming)
around the beauteous and holy fig-tree may cheerfully abide in the performance of pious acts
In this also are fines and punishments for the transgressions of my devotees appointed. Much
to be desired is such renown ! According to the measure of the offence (the destruction of vit/a
or happiness ?) shall be the measure of the punishment, but (the offender) shall not be put to death
by me. Banishment (shall be) the punishment of those malefactors deserving of imprisonment
and execution. Of those who commit murder on the high road (dacoits ?) even none, whether of
the poor or of the rich, shall be injured (tortured) on my three especial days (?). Those guilty of
cruelly beating or slaughtering living things, having escaped mutilation (through my clemency),
shall give alms (as a deodand) and shall also undergo the penance of fasting. And thus it is my
desire that the protection of even the workers of opposition shall tend to (the support of) the
worship; and (on the other hand) the people, whoserighteousnessincreases in every respect, shall spontaneously partake of my benevolence/ "
E D I C T V.
SOUTH SIDE.

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:'In the twenty-seventh year of my anointment the
following animals shall not be put to death : the parrot, the maina (or thrush), the wild duck of
the wilderness, the goose, the bull-faced owl, the vulture, the bat, the ambaka-pillika, the raven?
and the common crow, the vhdaveyaka, the adjutant, the sankujamava, the kqpAatasayaka, the
-panasasesimala, the sandaka, the okapada, those that go in pairs, the white dove, and the domestic
pigeon. Among all fonr-footed beasts the following shall not be for food, they shall not be eaten :
the she-goat of various kinds, and the sheep, and the sow, either when heavy with young or when
giving milk. Unkilled birds of every sort for the desire of their flesh shall not be put to death.
The same being alive shall not be injured: whether because of their uselessness or for the sake
of amusement they shall not be injured. Animals that prey on life shall not be cherished. In
the three four-monthly periods (of the year) on the evening of the full' moon, during the three
^holy) days, namely, the fourteenth, the fifteenth, and the first day after conjunction, in the midst
of the uposatha ceremonies (or strict fasts), unkilled things (or livefish?) shall not be exposed for
sale. Yea, on these days, neither the snake tribe, nor the feeders on fish (alligators), nor any living
beings whatsoever shall be put to death.
" ' On the eighth day of the paksha for half month) on the fourteenth, on the fifteenth, on (the
qays when the moon is in the mansions of) trisha or punarvasa,on these several days in the three
four-monthly periods, the ox shall not be tended : the goat, the sheep, and the pig, if indeed any
be tended (for domestic use) shall not then fee tended. On the trisha and the punarvasa of every
four months, and of every paksha or semilunation of the four months, it is forbidden to keep (for
labour) either the horse or the ox.
" ' Furthermore, in the twenty-seventh year of my reign, at this present time, twenty-five
prisoners are set at liberty/ "

TRANSLATIONS.

139

E D I C T VI.
EAST SIDE.

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:' In the twelfth year of my anointment, a religious
edict (was) published for the pleasure and profit of the world; having destroyed that (document)
and regarding my former religion as sin, I now for the benefit of the world proclaim the fact
And this (among my nobles, among my near relations, and among my dependants, whatsoever
pleasures I may thus abandon), I therefore cause to be destroyed; and I proclaim the same in all the
congregations; while I pray with every variety of prayer for those who differ from me in creed
that they following after my proper example may with me attain unto eternal salvation: wherefore
the present edict of religion is promulgated in this twenty-seventh year of my anointment/ "
EDICT VII.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi: ( Kings of the olden time have gone to heaven under
these very desires. How then among mankind may religion (or growth in grace) be increased?
Yea, through the conversion of the humbly-born shall religion increase/ "
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:' The present moment and the past have departed
under the same ardent hopes. How by the conversion of the royal-born may religion be increased ?
Through the conversion of the lowly-born if religion thus increaseth, by how much (more) through
the conviction of the high-born, and their conversion, shall religion increase ? Among who msoeve r
the name of God resteth (?) verily this is religion (or verily virtue shall there increase) / "
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:Wherefore from this very hour I have caused religious discourses to be preached; I have appointed religious observances that mankind having listened
thereto shall be brought to follow in the right path and give glory unto God'-"(Agni ?)
EDICT VIII" Moreover, along with the increase of religion, opposition will increase: for which reason I have
appointed sermons to be preached, and I have established ordinances of every kind ; through the
efficacy of which the misguided, having acquired true knowledge, shall proclaim it on all sides (?) and
shall become active in upholding its duties. The disciples, too, flocking in vast multitudes (many
hundred thousand souls). Let these likewise receive my command, ' In such wise do ye, too, address
on all sides (or address comfortably ?) the people united in religion/ "
" King Devanampiya Piyadasi thus spake :' Thus among the present generation have I
endowed establishments, appointed men very wise in the faith, and done
...for the faith/ *'
" King Devanampiya Piyadasi again spake as follows:e Along the high roads I have caused
fig-trees to be planted, that they may be for shade to animals and m e n ; I have (also) planted mango
trees : and at every half coss I have caused wells to be constructed, and (resting p aces ?) for nights
to be erected. And how many taverns (or serais) have been erected by me at various places for the
entertainment of man and beast! So that as the people, finding the road to every species of
pleasure and convenience in these places of entertainment, these new towns, (vayapuri ?) rejoiceth
under my rule, so let them thoroughly appreciate and follow after the same (system of benevolence).
This is my object, and thus I have done/ "
"Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:' Let the priests deeply versed in the faith (or let
my doctrines ?) penetrate among the multitudes of the rich capable of granting favors, and let them
penetrate alike among all the unbelievers, whether of ascetics or of householders, and let them,
penetrate into the assemblies (?) for my sake. Moreover, let them for my sake find their way among
the Brahmans and the most destitute; and among those who have abandoned domestic life, for my
sake let them penetrate; and among various unbelievers for my sake let them find their way :yea
use your utmost endeavours among these several classes, that the wise men, these men learned in the
religion (or these doctrines of my religion) may penetrate among these respectively, as well as
among all other unbelievers/ "

140

TRANSLATIONS.

" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:' And let these (priests) and others the most skilful
in the sacred offices penetrating among the charitably disposed of my queens and among all my
secluded women discreetly and respectfully use their most persuasive efforts (at conversion), and
acting on the heart and on the eyes of the children, for my sake penetrate in like manner among
the charitably disposed of other queens and princes for the purpose (of imparting) religious enthusiasm and thorough religious instruction. And this is the true religious devotion, this the sum of
religious instruction, viz., that it shall increase the mercy and charity, the truth and purity, the
kindness and honesty, of the world/ "
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi: ' And whatever soever benevolent acts have been done
by me, the same shall be prescribed as duties to the people who follow after me: and -in this
(manner) shall their influence and increase be manifest,by doing service to father and mother; by
doing service to spiritual pastors; by respectful demeanour to the aged and full of years, and by
kindness and condescension to Brahmans, and Sramans, to the orphan and destitute, to servants and
the minstrel tribe/ "
" King Devanampiya Piyadasi again spake :f And religion increaseth among men by two separate
processes,: by performance of religious offices, and, by security against persecution. Accordingly,
that religious offices and immunities might abound among multitudes, I have observed the ordinances
myself as the apple of my eye (?) (as testified by) all these animals which have been saved from
slaughter, and by manifold other virtuous acts performed on my behalf. And that the religion may
be from the persecution of men, increasing, through the absolute prohibition to put to .death
living beings, or to sacrifice aught that draweth breath. For such an object is all this done, that
it may endure to my sons and their sons' sons as long as the sun and moon shall last. Wherefore
let them follow its injunctions and be obedient thereto and let it be had in reverence and respect. In
the twenty-seventh year of my reign have I caused this edict to be written; so sayeth (Devanampiya). Let stone pillars be prepared and lej; this edict of religion be engraven thereon, that it may
endure unto the remotest ages.' " *
SEPAKATE EDICTSALLAHABAD PILLAR.

No. 1.
Queen's Edict.
Prinsep.
" By the mandate of Devanampiya the ministers everywhere are to receive notice. These also
(namely mango treesf) and other things are the gift of the second princess (his) queen, and these
for * * * of KiclMgani, the third princess the general (daughter's * * ?). Of the second
lady thus let the act redound with triple force/'J
In his remarks on this inscription Tumour has identified the " second queen" with the attendant of the former queen Asandhimitra, whom Asoka married in the 34th year of his reign.
But ae a " third queen" is mentioned in the inscription, the second queen must have been
AsandhimUra herself, and the " third queen/' who was married in the 34th year of Asoka, must
have been the queen Kickhigani of the inscription. By this reckoning the first queen would have
been the predecessor of Asandhimitr& and the mother of Kun&la. The names of at least two other
queens are known : /, Tishya-rakthitd, by whose contrivance Prince Kunala was blinded; and
* This last passage was afterwards slightly altered by Prinsep as follows:" In order that this religious edict may stand
(remain), stone pillars and stone slahs (or receptacles) shall be accordingly prepared, by which the same may endure nnto
remote ages."Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal, VI, 1059. The word translated stone slabs is read as sila-dharikani, instead
of phalakani or "tablets," as pointed oat by me some twelve years ago.
t AmbavadiJca means a " mango garden."
X Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 967. The words immediately following the name of Dev&nampiyu, " the ministers everywhere are to receive notice," are taken from Prinsep'a corrected reading in Vol. VI, p. 448.
Tumour's Mahawanso, p. 122.

TRANSLATIONS.

141

2, Padmdvati, the mother of Kunala.* I t is probable, therefore, that the titles of first, second, and
third queens must denote their relative rank, and not their sequence in order of time. It is certain
at least that Tishya-rakshitd was the "first" queen, as she is distinctly called so in the Asoka
avaddna.f
No. 2.
Kosambi Edict.
As this inscription has only lately been discovered by myself, there is of course no translation
available, and I am afraid that it is in too mutilated a state to be of much use. But the first line
is complete, and may be rendered:
" Devanampiya commands the rulers of Kosambi/'
The same word annapayati occurs in the Deotek inscription.
Sanchi Pillar,
Of this inscription Prinsep remarks that it is in " too mutilated a state to be restored entirely,
but from the commencement -of the third line, it may be concluded that some provision was made
by a 'charitable and religiously disposed person for hungry priests/ and this is confirmed by the two
nearly perfect lines at the foot: 'It is also my desire that camphorated (cool ?) water should be
given to drink. May this excellent purpose endure for ever!' "
A comparison of Prinsep's reading of the text with my version, which has been made afresli
during a recent visit to S&nchi, shows some important differences which will necessitate a revised
translation of the last two lines. My reading of the fourth line also differs from Prinsep's, but in a
less degree. The words Bhikhu c/ia Bhikhuni seemed to me to be quite clear.
* Burnouf: Introduction al'Histoire du Buddhism, Indien, 149, 403, 405.
t Burnouf, p. 405: " La preinidre des femmes d'A^oka."

INDEX.
TPAGB.

Aira Eaj aInscription on Khandagiri Rock .

.
.
.
.
.
.
in Khandagiri Caves
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
;
Alexander I I , ofEpirusEock Edict X I I I
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Allahabad Pillar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
T e x t s of Asoka's Edicts
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
Translations of Asoka's Edicts
.
.
.
.
.
.
T w o additional Edicts, texts .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
" "
, translations .
.
.
.
.
.
.

Samudra Gupta's Inscription .

.
.
.
.

Baja Birbal's Inscription

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Alphabetical characters of A s o k a ' s period
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Ariano-Pali alphabet
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Indian-Pali alphabet
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Indigenous origin of Indian alphabet
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Andhras, a people, coupled with the Pulindas .
,
.
.
.
.
Antigonus [Gonnatas of Macedonia] Eock Edict X I I I .
,
.
.
.
.
Antiochus [ I I Theos, of Syria] Eock Edict I I .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Eock Edict X I I I
.
.
.
.
.
.
ASOKAChronology of his reign
.
.
.
.
.'
.
.
-" Eeigned 41 years
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
f
D a t e o f accession, B . C .2 6 4 .
.
,
.
.
,
' .
- ' D a t e o f inauguration, B . C 2 6 0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bairat Eock Inscription

,
,
.
.
,
Text o f
Second Eock Inscription
.
.
.
.

Text of.
.
.
,
Translation of .
.
.
Barabar CavesInscriptions
.
.
. * ..
Baranasi o rBenaresKhandagiri Eock Edict .
.
.
B h a d a n t a B u d d h i s t title corrupted t oB h a n t S
.
.
Bhoja, a country, coupled with PitenikaEock Edict X I I I .
B u d d h a , n a m e of, i n 2 n d B a i r a t I n s c r i p t i o n
.
.
.

Date o f death, o rNirvana, B . C. 4 7 8 .

.
.
Biihler, D r , G , T e x t a n d translation o f Sphasaram Inscription

Text a n d translation o f E u p n a t h Inscription

BurnoufTranslation of Eock Edict I V
.
.
.
_
V I I
,

X
.
,
_
X I I
_ X I V
B

1 o f first s e p a r a t e E d i c t , D h a u l i .
.
'.
o fsecond
'
.
.
.
....
o fsecond Bairat Rock Inscription
.
.
o f Kag&rjuni Cave Inscriptions .
.
Cave Inscriptions
.

a tBarabar

at Nagarjuni

.
.

.
/

.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.

.
.
.
.

27,98,132
104,136
4,87,126
4,37
106
- -- j g y
116
140,141
38
39
49
50
49,51
52
11,87,126
11,87,126
11, 66,177
" " "' ' 87,126
Preface vii

v i

vi

vi
^

2
9 6
"
2
4
9 7
" 1 3 1
.
30,103,134
100, 30,103,135
.
25,26
87, 126
2 5 , 9T, 1 3 1
Preface iii
94,130
95,131
.
" 1 1 9
1 2 1
1 2 3
125
126
127
129
~ 1 3 1
'134

30
30, 103,134

31,103,134

INDEX.

11

PAGE.

Cave Inscriptions a t Khandagiri and Udayaghi

a t Ramgarh, in Sirguja
Chandra Gupta Maurya
.
.
.
Chikambari, name of country, Deotek Slab
.
Choda, or Chola, Rock Edict I I
. .
,
Dasaratha, inscriptions of, at Nagarjuni
Date of Asoka
.
.
.
.
Buddha's death, or Nirvana, B . C. 478

Chandra Gupta Maurya
.
'
Mahavira
.
.
.
.
Delhi Pillar, from Siwalik
.
.
.
'
, from Mirat
.
.
.

Texts of Inscriptions
Translations of Inscriptions

Two additional Edicts, V I I and V I I I

Deotek Slab Inscription
.
.
.
Devanampriya, title of Asoka
.
.
.
, title of Dasaratha, Nagarjuni Caves
Dhauli Rock Inscription
.
.
.

'

first
separate Edict
second separate Edict

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

G a n d h a r a R o c k Edict V
.
.
G a y a Inscription, dated i n era of _Nirvana
G i r n a r Rock Inscription
.
.
.
.
_ *
Text
.
.
.
.

Translation
.
.
.
Gotama-swami, o r I n d r a b h u t i , disciple of Mahavira .
Greek K i n g s , names of, i n Asoka's Rock Edicts I I and X I I I
Inscription on Shahbazgarhi Rock

Khalsi Rock
.
.
.
.
i
Girnar Rock
.
.
.
.
.
D h a u l i Rock
.
.
.
.
'
J a u g a d a Rock
.
.
.
.

first
separate, on Dhauli and J a u g a d a Rocks
second

'
on Sahasaram Rock
on R u p n a t h Rock
.
.
.
.
:
on Bairat
.
.
.
.
.

on second Bairat Rock

on Deotek Slab
.
.
.
.

in R a m g a r h Caves
.

i n Barabar Caves
.
.
.
.

i n N a g a r j u n i Caves
.
on K h a n d a g i r i Rock

in Khandagiri and TJdayagiri Caves

.
on Delhi Pillar from Siwalik
on Delhi Pillar from M i r a t
on Allahabad Pillar

on L a u r i y a Araraj Pillar .
i
on L a u r i y a Navandgarh Pillar
.
separate Edicts on Allahabad Pillar

on Sanchi Pillar
.
.
.
.
J a u g a d a F o r t and Rock Inscription

> T e s t of Inscription
.

32.104
33.105
4
102
66,116
103,134
Preface vi, vii

iii

vi
.
. iy
3
3
106
137
116,140
2, 102
passim.
' 103,134
15, 65,118
20, 89,127
20, 92,129
72,120
Preface v
14
65
117
Preface iv
9,66,86
8, 65,118
12, 65,118
14, 65,118
* 15, 65,118
17, 65,118
20, 89,127
20, 92,129
20, 94,130
21, 95,131
22,96
24, 97,131
28,102
33,105
30,103,134
31.103,134
27, 98,132
32.104,135
34,106,187
37,106,137
37,106,137
39,106,137
41,106,137
38.116,140
42.116,141
,17, .19
65

INDEX..

iii
PAGE.

J a u g a d a T r a n s l a t i o no fI n s c r i p t i o n .
Text of separate Edicts
.
.
.
.
.
.
Translation of separate Edicts
.
.
.
.
.
.
KalingaEock Edict XIII

^
.
.
Khandagiri Kock Inscription .
.
,

Khandagiri Caves
KambojaBock Edict V
.
.
.
.
.
Kern, ProfessorTranslation of second Bairat Inscription
Ketalaputra, or KeralaBock Edict I I

Khalati, or Khalanti HillsBarabar Cave Inscriptions

KhalsiEock Inscription
.
.
.
.
Text of Inscription
.
.
.
.
.
T r a n s l a t i o n o f I n s c r i p t i o n
.
.
.
Khandagiri Bock Inscription

.
.
1
Text of Inscription

'
Translation of Inscription .
.
.
and Udayagiri Caves
.
.
.
Khepingala Hills, i n Dhauli a n d J a u g a d a I n s c r i
K o s a m b i , E d i c t of, o n A l l a h a b a d P i l l a r

Language of Inscriptions

Lauriya Araraj Pillar

' . , N a v a n d g a r h Pillar

Text of both inscriptions

T r a n s l a t i o n o f d i t t o
.

MahavlraDate of hisNirvana, B . C. 527

.
Mahindo, or Mahendra, sonof Asoka .
.
MassonHis copy of Shahbazgarhi Inscription
Nagarjuni Cave Inscriptions

.
N a n d a EajaKhandagiri Eock Inscription
.
Nirvana of Mahavlra, B . C. 527
.
.
of B u d d h a , S a k y a M u n i , B . C . 4 7 8 .
e r a , u s e d i n G a y a I n s c r i p t i o n .
.

.
p

.
o n

s
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
'

.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.

3
9
1
5
7

3 1
99,133
Preface iv
i v
i v

.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.

84,125
9 132
104,105,136
72 120
1 3 3
66 117
32, 103 134
2 2
5 5
1 1 8
2 7
9 8
1 3 2
32, 104,135
19, 65
38,116 141

Preface iv
1 7
8

.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
89,92
1 2 7 ,1 2 9

4
3
4
6
1 1

.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

Panda, or Pandionis EegioRock Edict I I

.
Pillar at Allahabad
.
.
.
.
.
.
- a t Delhi from Siwalik .
.
.
.
!
at Delhi from Mirat
.
.
.
.
.
a t Lauriya Araraj
.
.
.
.
.
a t L a u r i y a N a v a n d g a r h .
.
.
.
.
at Sanchi
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pitenika, n a m e o f district, coupled w i t h Bhoja, Edict X I I I
Prinsep, J a m e s N o t e s on Indian Pali alphabet
1
S u m m a r y of contents of Edicts

Bemarks o n Khandagiri alphabet

Bemarks o n language o f Asoka's Inscription .

' 'Texts of Eock Inscriptions
of s e p a r a t e E o c k E d i c t s
of K h a n d a g i r i E o c k Inscription
.
of C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s
.
.
.
.
T e x t s of D e l h i a n d o t h e r Pillar Inscriptions
Translations of E o c k E d i c t s
.
.
o f K h a n d a g i r i E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n
o f C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s
.
.
of Pillar Edicts .
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . .
.
.
.

.
,
.
.

^
'#

.
.

..
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

,
.

.
.
.
,
.

.
.

.
.

.
. . .

.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.
"

10,66,117
3 7
3 4
3 7
3 9
4 1
4 2
87,117
51
5
27
47
65
89
o
103
1Q6
127
127,129
134
137

iv

INDEX.
PAGE.

Queen's Edict on Allababad Pillar

Eahula, or Laghula, in second Bairat Inscription

E a m g a r h Caves, in SirgujaInscriptions
.
Ea.sb.tika, a country, s a m e a s S u r a s b t r a E d i c t V
E o c k Inscription at Shahbazgarhi
.
.
at Khalsi
a t G i r n a r
.
.
.
at Dhauli
.
.
.

at Jaugada
.
.
.
'
>Separate, at Dhauli a n d J a u g a d a
at Sahasaram .
.
.
at Rfipnath
.
.
.
___
at Bairat
.
.
.
S e c o n d , a t B a i r a t
.

at K h a n d a g i
Eupuath Eock Inscription
.
.
.
T e x t of, b y D r . B i i h l e r

Translation

.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
,

.
,

Sabasaram Eock Inscription

.
.
,
,
,
__
.
T e x t of Inscription b y D r , B u b l e r
-^ T r a n s l a t i o n o f

Sakanagara, city, mentioned in K h a n d a g i r i E o c k Inscription .

S a m a p a , city, mentioned in J a u g a d a S e p a r a t e Edicts .
.
Sanchi Pillar Inscription
.
,
,
,
,
Shahbazgarhi Eock Inscription ,
,
.
.
.
, t h e Po-lu-sba of H w e n T h s a n g .
,
,

, t b e Bazaria of Arrian
,
.
.
.
T e x t of Inscription
,
,
,
Translation of Inscription
.
.
.
Separate Edicts on Dbauli Eock
.
,
.
.
on Jaugada Eock
,
.
.
.

of Q u e e n on Allahabad Pillar
.
.

of K o s & m b i o n

r - on Delhi Siwalik Pillar

.
.
.

.
,
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
,
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
,

.
,
.

.
,
.

.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
,

.
.

.
.

.
.

91
QQ

.
,

.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.

. 2 6 , 27, 6 7 , 1 3 2
33,105
.
72,120
,
8
1 2
1 4
1 5
1 7
2 0
2 0
2 1
2 2
.
2 4
2 7
2 1
.
9 5
,
13J.
2 0 , 1 2
9 4
1 3 0
.
98, 133
19, 89
42,116,141
g
9
9
(jg
.
117
. 16;, 8 9 , 1 2 7 , 1 2 9
. 19, 89,127,129
38,116,140
*
38,116,141
36 114 115

.
.

116,140

.
,

.
.

.
.

.
,

.
.

,
.

'

.
,

.
.

,
.
.

.
.
,

.
.
.

.
i

Takhasila, or TaxilaFirst separate Edict, Dhauli

.
T a m b a p a n n i , Pali n a m e of C e y l o n E o c k Edict I I
.
Texts of E o c k Inscriptions
.
.
,
f
1.; first, s e p a r a t e E d i c t a t D h a u l i a n d J a u g a d a
.
second

.
K h a n d a g i r i " E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n .
.
,
Sahasaram Eock Inscription .

Eupnath Eock

.
.
.

Bairat Eock
J
.
.
.

.
.
.
r

.
.
,

,
.

.
.
.

.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . ,
.
.
.
,
.

.
,
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

,
.
.

- Second Bairat Eock ,

,

.
.
.
.
.
Deotek Slab

,
.
.
.
Pillar Inscriptions
*
*
.
,
.
.
.
- Separate Pillar Inscriptions
.
,
.
.
.
.
Caye Inscriptions
,
,
,
.
,
.
Tosali, n a m e of a t o w n a n d district, i n D h a u l i S e p a r a t e Edict

Translations of E o c k Edicts b y P r i n s e p a n d "Wilson

.
.
.
.
o f first s e p a r a t e E o c k b y P r i n s e p a n d B u r n o u f
.
.
.
of second

,
,
,
.
.
-<-' of S a h a s a r a m E o c k Inscription, b y D r , BUhler
.
.
.
ofEApn&th

-
> of second Bairat Inscription, by Burnou| and "Wilson
,
,

.
,

.
. .

.
.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.

Off

128
n y
6 5
8 9
9 2
g g
9 4
9 5
Qa

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

9 7
1 0 2
1 0 6
114 115 u g
1 Q 3
16,127,129
117 126
1 2 7
1 9
13Q
13l

33j

INDEX.
PAGE.

Translation of second Balr&t Inscription, by Professor Kern

;
of Khandagiri Kock Inscription, by Prinsep
of Khandagiri and Udayagiri Cave Inscriptions
of Barabar Cave Inscriptions

of Nagarjuni Cave Inscriptions

of Pillar Edicts, by Prinsep

.
*
"
-of separate Edicts on Delhi Pillar, Tjy Prinsep
of

on Allahabad Pillar
.

of Sanchi Pillar Inscriptions

CTpatissa, or Sariputra;Second Bairat Kock Inscription

132
132
135
134
134

137,139
139
140
141
97,132

Vira, or Aira, KajaKhandagiri Kock and Cave Inscriptions

.98,104,132,136

Wilson, H. H.His criticism on Prinsep's translations ,

Remarks on second Bair&t Inscription,

> Translation of

Remarks-on language of Asoka's Inscriptions

___
Translations of Kock Edicts

7
26
131
44
117,125

Tona, country, coupled with Kamboja .

kings, Antioclius, &c.Kock Edict I I

*
.

10,72
66, 117
86, 12G

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of A80KA

PLATB I.

SHAHBAZ-GARHI ROCK
Front 01 E. Pace.

. .5

op'
a

ZO. .

A. Cunningham, del.

t ilu Siirnrfor Gnurd'* OiTLc* ClrutL.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

PLATE II.

SHAHBAZ-dARHI BOCK
Back or W. Pace.

EDICT
I

i
2

.__

-9
10
_._ll
12

*-/? >/^77^/^^-^7^^,^^ > *^*>^|7%H

A. Cunningham, del.

14

FliotonocogrupKrd at liie SunT^nr Gr-arral' Ofilr Calcatta.

CORPUS INSCRiPTI.ON.UW- INBICARUM.

VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA,

PLATE III.

KHALS1 BOCK
E. Face.

--- J- yB-riSWlU*

dsL

^x " ^ t ? ^ J l 6 - H i l A ^ ^ . -

.10
10.

.15

^
*

*"

20L

BAO-fW ^ * HDteii
25-

30

^ ^ X T

V f

M o J

. ^

^ ^

^ r

A. Cunningham, del.

fe W

^ ^

b 5A
^i i

i^SS

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

VOL T.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

PLATE IV.

KHALSI BOCK
N. Face.

S. Pace.
BWCT

a. g 1 0 - y < g j ,fed"*XnJ"DT>6 U

ioD

'

2 0

Oue-ai>th of the Original.

A. Clllinin^hnm, del.

Photonnsogrtpliod atth* Surrryor Geoenla Offix

CORPUS INSCIUPTiONUM INDICARUM.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA

BOCK AT GIEKAE
in Kathiawad

VOL. I
PLATE "V.

>

EDICT I

A * a +

EDICT II

EDICT III

h 6k6
X 1, IXAt>AO6>i

EDICT IV

: ? D'^df

EDICT V

>C I'M b fAira,

D-D1D D^u

One.twe.lth of the Ong.nal

A. Cunningham, del.

t)i

CORPUS INSCR1PTIONUM INDICARUM.

VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA

PLATE VI.

GIRNAR ROCK
in Kathiawad,

:.

'

EDICT VI

Xr4=A (juprxj^Jy 4"-&cb b <i 1 ^X<SAO\D^B-|-y^

0 - L ^ OV-QLSDJ-uf d^t/o/v^^ur 'fijA^1"O"O SXX/

b ^i'if'O^^Ai't'^S/vd t X Jb^l"O "l"| ol/ d"n*<foOt"

i-tAf lCo*Aw^/^'oAJUOT1" ^vS VJXX"!! Oik X/Q (s&hiO

12/

.".p

i4-/>IX6 A

Jr?^5L<5ptP6.PAtfd^ "h Qr'd 6JTL<f6ci*y'A-0*f VA

>A WJ ^AO J/D8A^A A A ?ArfA'+ t t y S A bXX-^XXbcftp Cl
i - I ^ J X ^ C L f X ^ A d ^ d C>>C: f/; 0tf-A-JX^AAA^)C6
x

/ T I N

u i </

cii j \ i 1 A-TIJ. r Hi* n*^ *? 1*.A rv w t A"T"_A A I-SY\&I

1 / i v ncsir*
'

/fi D pX:#A J. AJ>A(<

1 JLIii.kT 1

^ rAM* G f /T-fvL-fX^+J^ 0 b fGiX^b *MH/jWUftr

XA><X6>l"hA>iAXbf +- Xyb6*bfd^ k ^ A A ^ L ^ X ^ - f f

One-twelfth of the Original

CanninghEm, del

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM."

VOL. I

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA..

PLATE VIII.

DHAULI BOCK
Left Face.
-^,. ;_. FIRST
SEEARATB EDICT.

A. Cunningham, del.

FhotomKgr*pliea at the Surrrror Grnt-ral' OlTicc Calcutta.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM
INSCRIPTIONS

INDICARUM.

VOL. I
PLATE I X .

of A3OKA.

DHAULI EOCK
Middle Face.

EDICT

A^^^^

J W / ; j C

4VA>,0t

o-

<

A. Cunningham, del.

Fho1ooncngr|ilied a t the Survrror GearrsVe Offiro Calcutta.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM
INSCRIPTIONS

INDICARUM.

VOL
PLATE

of ASOKA.

X.

BHAULI ROCK
Right Face;

EDICT

vn
vin

SECOND
SEPARATE
EDICT.

J ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

; tU^'.-"..

A. Cunningham, ael,

"I..,

HJ

' ':
Gtmrai's Oi'firr

t'slr

CD

o
o

cv*

CO

Q>

i
2

S
Sg
o

M 2

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

VOL I.
PLATE XIV.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
YOI.

BOCK AT SAHASARAM
near Patna.

K.

HOCK AT BITPNATH
neat Jab alp ur.

X.

BOCK AT BAIBAT
near Jaypur.

"'. ;>""

A. Cunningham,-.d^.i:^,'

FbolotmcogpjJied. a t tie Surveyor General's Ofico Oalcattu..

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

INSCRIPTIONS of.ASOKAi.

VOL I.

XI.

PLATE XV.

ROCK AT BAIRIT

near Jaypur.

rfAAX

0, J, cf
LC<b+<f

J'TbJ;
CAYES IH RAMHATE HILL
n e a r S i r g t t j a.

SLAB AT DEOTEK
near Nagpur.

A. CunnmghaTQ, del.

Fhotoiincogr|i>a. at tKe Sttrtryur Geaeral' Office Calcutta..

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

VOL I.
PLATE XVI.

CAVES AT BARABAR,

1. Sudama.

3. Kama.

2. Viswa.

INSCRIPTIONS of DASARATHA.

CAVES AT NAGARJUNI.
4. Vapiyaka.

5. Gopika

6. Vadathi.

d -F-fcrf t>

o-H-d'

OiKi-sixtti of the Orit'M.r!.

A. Cu'nninghVm,"deU;*

-V

H -the SurTejror Qmccal Office Calcutta

CORPUS INSCRIPTION INDICARUM.

INSCRIPTIONS of AIRA KAJA.

VOL. I
PLATE XVII

XIV
KOCX AT KHAtfDAGIBI
in K a t a k .
dA.r4--JOJ-A.lrl

fcrtbiforSA-rfLtflfliifrA
. . -

- -A t

!o

10
It

...

- --

12

ilAir

14- - .
15

- -

16

v TJ

'.. ex

17 - -

KHANDAGIRI

CAYES,

1 NAMELESS CAVE.

CAVB.

4 TIGER CAVE.

L A I ft 1*? fl

'

Cp $-&+^ -fc A/ BA>-0 X '

SNAKE CA.YB.

9 VAIKUNTA CAVE.

5 NAMELESS CAVE.

tf x X'-dl'-F f'H f
6 PAWAN CAVE.

A. Cunningham, del.

t>

<
P
S5

O
i-I

H
ti

o
GQ

w
pq

'liiz.

oo

3 H

bo
C

t-3
Ii

PH

GQ

PH.

-6

ca !.

-o a.

7J

^/ A

6,

i"" ? 5 5 "^

^f

u^-M

oo

to

P-.

> " 5 <o

VOL I.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

PLATE XXH

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

ALLAHABAD
i

PILLAR.

EDICT i

yfyXJ^AdjU-tmHAd^^
4
i i . . .

. 5

in . . . .

7 Zines cut away by Jahangir's inscription. )

IV. . . _

17
18

v. . . .

A-Auiic^tb-teya^uo-vi-uL^dyo

^Gpffab.g^cra^Wd^a^
SEPARATE EDICTS

One-ninth of the Original.

A. Cunningham, del.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

INSCRIPTIONS Of ASOKA.

VOL L
PLATE XXIII.

PILLAR
AT

LAURIYA-ARARAJ
(Radhia.)
SOUTH

EDICT i

_ .. >5J:t5a>

e . . 0=81*02

W-.Hi.liill6^. d'-J-o*Xfd1rAu<a.<nr^b<!b^<bX
in

"jjfiL

iv -

WA-d

One-twelfth of the Original.

Ge>iU Office

VOL I.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM,

PLATE XXIV.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

PILLAR
AT

LAURIYA-ARARAJ
(Radhia.)
NOTtTH

EDICT V

^X*dl vJj)>$i$ Vd

. * . . U X (OJb (C b"0 (U r4 ^*
ILlr d^)A*3: A X d ^ ? *iX
a

xtfil

>rJ-fd ^+iTd

i l l R > l l / l f I* U 1 VTJ3 . X H4. A^r > 4 - ^ J ? l

6 . > / ! o p O A T d T X ft (JO (<

1 1 . 1t

biA^O. ^iX ft 1. ^ki

J

a..AJ^iai^J!?6(Cx d'<> ?<U UXr1^

bd U> fcld HX.U

XAAX^IxbCi^A^ XilH-rj
upP|vui UXffvtL A ( C 1 UXi

vi

..14-.."^X"GiL VJJMJ"\T$- TT4* H"lr c o r A1 O(C n o ' A X"V D'if

D"A<y/?"a# ^UA"Hbb*C A* A*
16. Ho-.-UiXA4 V V A ' b X ^ .

vA<bixl-fa;^bd3a''(b

^ <L^ J/ H AX 0<tU A y X

One-twelfth of the Original.

A. Cunningham, del.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

PLATE XXV.

PI

LLAE
AT

LAURIYA-NAVANDGAEH
(Ma t h i a . )

EDICT I __ , . .

)>S tl

2 . . f>*fcHf U X/TIJA t-J>AWAfectilidD^H-JLAHAOiD'8-FAJ,

^tLHAA^^ajHAlrfil HAlLrOVl >fbd.^yy
J D-tf"bT D*8-F8Ad r V ^ i i ^ A i ^ X a ^

\fjfityi

0.v x AJ kA

1 (\
Jt^ I /1 *! J 1 i
Iw O^^ \J^^ CV '

12. .tbdVi'(b'b

in . . . . >5 til t
J4-. . p^i A '

L6Ab*J!xy"X H o d ' A ^ t / i ^ D B"l :-<jjr f%JUL<bb-+'

l6..yWrf<bjJ
iv

7*61* bib Ci^^bA-atrcb^tfcbXitO

i/dSU :.JiO1fcft!T/TliWfi-FW
l

18-. M/GI<bA (blr^6X((JHJ;AA<Ca;Hrf GWPi

HAlXaW-<?X-0+^

UrA+W f J

2o..$-i!(l;XDr Jj7vld<fc6(l*< a t f l b ^ X tr>AdWA'd H-JDliXnJ^f ^ U X

22- N0-tljfr-<f>i

24-. . ^ I H - J ^ f J

HS-'-AtidB AJX o-KL&FJ^tfit /WAWb bAiP Xi^*JLV 3 # 1 x X f AfJl

^^Ai'X(UA-iJ!HUllAa??lrXCxlX4: L b ^ A -I-<J>X ^^"BVi*
,tiiUA*>Kr^4A6i(Wi<y! ^ ^ D D ' W I (bx^y^i^rfA^

One-twe!fob of the Original.

A

O i l w n i n DKOYM

At*}

Ehotoannoo^gphed H Hw. JKrrvcycr Oaier!1* Office (^lcntta.

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.

VOL I.

INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.

PLATE XXVI.

PILLAR
AT

LAURIYA-NAVANDGARH
(Ma t h ia.)

Lr/b

li-J (I X JbA4-*t?s Ay+"bA/bi aA_b7> tLb<ir?A ll ^A Xc

H i p t A + d - f I

e . . H f X J ! fcr'-Fd At+iCd ArfX!> GiLtfXi

8- .<!67Ccb<S 2H"bliA^cb ^JJL^il

1,/^JA<?J>

JiAjAM'$& X{&
4 AT)
IOC

io- . I C d - f A o l P^AXibApijG-^ XAiX^Ci -f-bCrfAfO JJJ^H'J a;

bAx^
14-. ."U^ll+CiiL Jid fbd <5(U Ai^Crft^AXli > AOb H*A iJ-fOJ UX<

-A

"FO*TX<^1' HO CrA

A"do^&'o Lr<><S ;l/^X*Fil/(b l / C 3 ^

20. .({16C(UrGyJ/oA oouJj^&cb ^d.**!/

HAX

txibAbl

{wwo^bA ( L r o (tAO(CrT (GAX0 *J/ 0* ynj G xT^GA

.*-^i

z *

'

One^twelfth of thq Original.

A Cunningham, del.

Fliotoxincogr{li*d. at tht Sm-vcjur General's Office Calcutta..

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM
Ariano-Pali.
ASOKA

COINS

KANISHKA.

250

150

50

B. C,

'h

Gh
Ng

ASOKA
B, C.

B. C. 250

ge

ip go

gam

50

An
UJ

<f cha

.4

<b chhu

Jh

nyo

V
/

Cc

Th

P
Dh

P
V

-h

Ph

\ dhr
ni I nam.

h
h

phi

2.br

Bh

Ti

VJ

\
A

(A

i
7

u
An

T mi

mam

DO

As

n H

O O

X1 ti ^ t y A-tu
9 thu
b dw f> da J> du
fdhf ^ dhy P H dim
J-, J,. nu 1 i no
0 pa; t pi l^pii"t"C Tipo
"b phe
9 q bu -o- tr bo cr o/bhirjjbhy
if^ ma

cXJ

>/Vyam
^ ru

d H Hj le d l

u6
b

/
\

^ ta d ti (^ tf
Otha O* thi 9 thu -O the
pfdd
d'dhi
I nS 31 ne no

/
\

Dh
N

T
Th

H
d

-f-the +thi

^ chy

E
H

PLATE XXVIL

f^kt
ky -ifki
*Vkhi I k h y T 1 khu
A1 gi A -A ft go

% 1 2>che

Chh

KANISHKA.

150

Ch

Ny

COINS

Indo-Pali.

ALPHABETS

kre

Kh

VOL. I .

INDICARUM

^- ram

T\

I i

i yi Jf yu ^ yu
f ra I ri I- ru
tTla

3: vri

-J le "l/ lu
vy 4i vy

\
S

Sh
S
H

y
i

/Z. f r Of sp /^ si

7*

^ slik

A ft /c\

srn

fcj

&
IT

V\

Aftsm <^sy (j(st r

"lr he t - "0- "Cr ho.

VOWELS

r
i,

11

INITIAL
MEDIAL

L b^

+ -F

-fc "fe

A. Cuaningham del.
Lithographed at the Surveyor Generai'a Office. Calcutta. January 1877.

ai

au an ar

me

CORPUS

INSCRIPTIONUM

VOL. I.

INDICARUM.

PLAT 3 XXVIII

ORIGIN OP INDIAN ALPHABET.

GROUP

ASOKA

SEAL

250 8. C.

400 B. i

EGYPTIAN

PICTORIAL FORMS

HlfcRO

= m = digging

n|

mattock = khan to dig

(~\

gagan sky, vault of heaven

gupha, guha = cave

= b = cave

yoni;

= mons ycneris, with zone

jarjhan = mons veneris

A A

d
d>

Ch
Chh

(J

OD

Th

Th

Dh

DQ

ya, yava = barley

walking

chamas = spoon

ehhatra = umbrella

= neb = basket

tokra = basket

( C

A = t:=

tha = circle = disk of Sun

tha eye

fill arm a bow

= the sun

jr
rfl.

Jf

0 U
D

\J

pdni = hand,pnjd = worship

u J

LJ hdri = enclosure

= kk == adoration
= e = house
x DW-

matsya =

4^\

V
N
K

tdla = fan-palm, ^a/a = span

J

vfa = lute

J^

w<?;/' = well-frame dis osa = nose

j^,

Jeattdr = dagger

/J

-=z ru = mouth

mukh = mouth

= n = j^/J-tf, = guitar

rasmi ray

lavdka = sickle

| t = . hansiya sickle

Sh

jsrava = ear

L achh mi ya

i, sarpa = serpent
VOWELS .

B. C,

soo
250

I!
M

if

H-

A. Cunningham, del.
Lithogrftphed at the Surveyor General's Office. Calcutta. January 1877.

STONE SEAL

Xi
Ew

INSCRIBED ROGXS

PLATE XXIX.

SHAHBAZ-GARHI

FRONT

BACK

KHALSI

GIRNAR

DHAULI

RUENATH
PLAN
Crest of the Kaimur Hills.

1. Ram-kund
2. Lakshman-kd
Sita-kund

Rupnath
Lingam

A. Cunningham, del.
Lithographed at the Survr. Genl'a. Office, Calcutta, April 1876.

PLATE XXX.
UDAYAGIRI
near
BHILSA.

S A N C HI

P I L L A R S
OP

AS OK A

LOHANGI

3 Feet
A. Cunningham, del.

/
Lithographed at the Survr. Genl's. Office, Calcutta, April 1876.

FORT

BHILSA