Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definition:
What is a brand? There are several definitions of what a brand is, such as Kotler and Keller
(2006); a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify
The goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those
ofCompetitors (Glossary G1).
Lau and Lee (1999) have this definition; A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design (ora
combination) intended to identify a sellers goods or services and to differentiate them from competitors.
A brand is a set of mental associations, held be the consumer, which add to the perceived value of a
product or service (Keller, 1998).
Introduction:
Brand Loyalty is a scenario where the consumer fears purchasing and consuming product from another
brand which he does not trust. It is measured through methods like word of mouth publicity, repetitive
buying, price sensitivity, commitment, brand trust, customer satisfaction, etc. Brand loyalty is the extent
to which a consumer constantly buys the same brand within a product category. The consumers remain
loyal to a specific brand as long as it is available. They do not buy from other suppliers within the product
category. Brand loyalty exists when the consumer feels that the brand consists of right product
characteristics and quality at right price. Even if the other brands are available at cheaper price or superior
quality, the brand loyal consumer will stick to his brand.
Brand loyal consumers are the foundation of an organization. Greater loyalty levels lead to less
marketing expenditure because the brand loyal customers promote the brand positively. Also, it acts as a
means of launching and introducing more products that are targeted at same customers at less
expenditure. It also restrains new competitors in the market. Brand loyalty is a key component of brand
equity.
Brand loyalty can be developed through various measures such as quick service, ensuring quality
products, continuous improvement, wide distribution network, etc. When consumers are brand loyal they
love you for being you, and they will minutely consider any other alternative brand as a replacement.
Examples of brand loyalty can be seen in US where true Apple customers have the brand's logo tattooed
onto their bodies. Similarly in Finland, Nokia customers remained loyal to Nokia because they admired
the design of the handsets or because of user- friendly menu system used by Nokia phones.
Brand loyalty can be defined as relative possibility of customer shifting to another brand in case
there is a change in products features, price or quality. As brand loyalty increases, customers will
respond less to competitive moves and actions. Brand loyal customers remain committed to the brand, are
willing to pay higher price for that brand, and will promote their brand always. A company having brand
loyal customers will have greater sales, less marketing and advertising costs, and best pricing. This is
because the brand loyal customers are less reluctant to shift to other brands, respond less to price changes
and self- promote the brand as they perceive that their brand have unique value which is not provided by
other competitive brands.
Brand loyalty is always developed post purchase. To develop brand loyalty, an organization should know
their niche market, target them, support their product, ensure easy access of their product, provide
customer satisfaction, bring constant innovation in their product and offer schemes on their product so as
to ensure that customers repeatedly purchase the product.
Why certain consumers are loyal to certain brands and what influences such an adherence? What makes a
consumer deviate from the norms? What makes a consumer willingly get bonded to products or services
as a result of a deep-seated commitment? A consumer is considered as a brand loyal whenever a consumer
perceives that a brand is offering him the right product features and the desired level of quality, and hence
repeatedly makes a conscious or subconscious repurchase of that particular brand. To get the buyer to that
level, a brand has to be positioned very effectively and should have the right marketing mix that can make
a consumer get attached to it. The brand when it displays that distinct identity, it is then that it captures the
audiences attention. Through this study let us see how we can use the web to connect with the customers
and get them satisfied to the extent of making them brand loyal. How we can identify and acquire our
high valued customers and create an effective strategy to manage their responses and experiences such
that it helps us to retain them and build them into loyal customers. How can we identify brand loyalty and
what can we do to perceive it? A brand symbolizes a company. It gains the customers regard when it
shows that it gives product or services differentiating it from the competition.
Brand Loyalty constitutes a lot to the company in terms of revenue generation and word of mouth
advertising. Innovative marketing strategies to imply brand loyalty becomes a must for e-marketers. If the
company has to achieve a higher level of success then it becomes mandatory to create a large pool of
brand loyalists. The area where an e-marketer needs to put attention is towards his approach for SEM.
When an e-marketer desires to achieve brand loyalty, he has to completely evaluate and understand his
purchase psychology .It is very necessary to understand that sales are the true measure of success in brand
loyalty. Usually in the SMM activities, the success is measured in terms of clicks or viewership. Here, it
becomes important that the marketing activities have to be so structured and accurate as to result in
getting more sales. The factors constituting to loss of a brand loyalist showcases serious concerns for the
brand. In the end it can only be said that the more no. of brand loyalists you tend to acquire in your course
of business, the more chances of your brand achieving the pinnacle of success increases. The term loyalty
is associated with a feeling of devoted attachment and affection. The term brand loyalty captures this
very essence but from a commercial perspective. Manufacturers and companies are always trying to
create niche in the market by constructing their own base of loyal customers, who over the period of time
have accepted the product whole heartedly. These brand loyalists would spend their money devotedly to
acquire the particular product and would also carry a feeling of immense satisfaction on the purchase. The
importance of brand loyalty can be asserted from the fact that it plays a vital role in the companys
advertising appetites. If a particular product is having a good brand loyalty, then the company spends
large expends over short periods of time to attract new patrons, but if the brand loyalty is low then
companies tend to keep the advertising at a steady pace to attract fresh consumers and to boost sales
(Loudon. Pg 567. 2001).Maintaining brand loyalty is the biggest challenge for the company, as it is a very
tedious process to acquire a customer and then convert him to carry repeat purchases from the company.
The more difficulty part comes in providing the same level of service that a customer will expect in his
return to his loyalty.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Brand loyalty, a fascinating but in trigging phenomenon has been a subject of study in
the Westsinceabout1920s.Since then hundreds of studies concerned with brand loyalty
have been undertaken in various countries with different marketing environment.
However, for a variety of reasons, studies investigating this critically important aspect of
marketing are sporadic in our country. A brief review of such dispersed efforts of
research in the field of brand loyalty available with the researcher is attempted in the
following paragraphs.
An important study relating brand and store loyalty was attempted way back in1956by
Cunnigham,R.M.(1956).He attempted to find out whether consumers who are brand
loyal area so store loyal. However, the study could not establish a close association
that
brand
loyalty
maybe
the
cause
of
purchasedissonancefeltbytheconsumeratthetimeofpurchaseofacertainproduct
`A. And such experiences may lead him to repeat purchase of product `B.
consumers.
Cunnigham,R.M.,(1961)undertook a stud combining consumer loyalty to store and
brand. He attempted to relate many store and brand loyal lists and tried to measure store
loyalty by the concentration of total food products purchased on product by product
basis. In all, eighteen product classes were identified and analyzed. Out of the same,
only
three
product
classes
how
statistically
significant
efficient.Itwasalsomadeknowninhisstudythathighstoreloyalty
did
not
co-relationconecessarily
contributed to high brand loyalty. When brand loyalty was measured on a product by
product basis, significant association was found to exist in high brand loyal families
concentrating their purchases in that product class in one store.
Ronald, F. and Harper, B. (1965) conducted a comparative study and indicatedthatsocioeconomicvariablescouldnotbedifferentiatedbetweenprivate and manufacturers' brand
loyal consumers.
Cunnigham, S.M. (1967) examined the pattern of consumer behavior regarding the
selection of ones favorite brand and its non-availability. He also analyzed purchasing
behavior regarding the number of brands purchased, and the percentage of money spent
on
most
frequently
purchased
brands
by
using
loyaltyscore.Relationshipbetweenbrandloyaltyandcertainpersonalitymeasures
brand
was
brand
satisfaction.
They
observed that relatively strong relationship exists between brand loyalty and satisfaction
with a present product of that brand.
Singh, J . D . and Singh, R., (1981),in their study examined the store patronage behavior
of groups and found a positive correlation between brand and store loyalty of the
consumers.
Some brands have value expressive dimensions, especially, commodities like clothing.
Swartz,T.A.(1983) in her study described the brand symbols and message
differentiation.
She
concluded
that
individuals
had
different
The
study
made
by
Agrawal,A.K.,(1983)
on
contributory
factors
ofbrand
loyaltystatusofIndianconsumersrevealedthatconsumersingeneral,havebeen found to be
quite loyal to the brands of frequently purchased items. The store loyalty was also
observed to be high, though not as high as brand loyalty. Income of the household, size
of the family and the age of the household were positively correlated with brand loyalty.
James, R.P., (1994)in his study examined the brand loyalty and brand switching
behavior of cooking oil consumers and observed the existence of a positive relationship
between age and education of the consumers and their brand loyalty. Television and
newspaper advertisements played a significant role in shaping the brand loyalty
behavior of the housewives. Mostly out of stock situation (OSS)led to brand switching
behavior with the consumers. Besides, store loyalty and brand loyalty of the consumers
are positively correlated.
Raut,K.C.andNabi,M.K.,(1998)examinedhowfarthepostpurchase
sequentialpattern
of
favorable post purchase experience, high purchase intentions, brand loyalty, repeat
purchases and recommendation to potential buyers in that order holds good in the
Indian marketing environment incase of durable productlike television. They concluded
that even high level of satisfaction at post purchase stage is not adequate to inculcate
strong brand loyalty. In short, brand loyalty behavior of television owners more or less
remained fragile suggesting that brand loyalty varied for different types of
products/categories.
Primary Objective:
A study on brand loyalty for Big Bazaar product.
Secondary Objectives:
This study would help the marketing department to understand its position through the
The main aim of this project work is to study the brand loyalty about Big Bazaar product
and also find out various competitive brand preferred by the customer retailer point of
view.
The sale volume of the Big Bazaar product would be gradually increased by presenting
the research report.
Time is the important limitation. Due to time constraints only limited population is taken
for the study.
However in spite of these limitations all efforts have been put to make the report correct, genuine, and
fulfilling the objectives of the reports.
1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research
The research comprises of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or
suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching
conclusion; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit formulating
hypothesis. The research process is carried out to a series of step, which are required to be taken
in chorological order. The major marketing research steps are as follows:
Problem identification.
Research design.
Fieldwork.
Data analysis & interpretation.
Report Presentation.
Problem Identification
The first and foremost step in this research is to identify the problem chosen for
investigation. The step has very significance, once it is said A Problem well identified is
half way to solution. On the other hand if the problem identified vaguely, a wrong problem
is identified, or research is not clarified, then the research result may be completely useless
for the management, and the research effort of the investigation will be a futile exercise.
Research Design
A research design is a master plan or model for the formal investigation. Once the formal
investigation is decided, the researcher must formulate the formal plan of investigation. A
research design id the specification of methods & procedure, for acquiring the information
needed for solving the problem. The formal investigation plan will concentrate on the
selection of sources of information and the selection of methods and procedures for gathering
the data. Data gathering forms are prepared. Questionnaires are tested, samples for
investigations are planned.
Descriptive
Exploratory
Casual
SAMPLING METHOD:
Sampling Design
A sample design is definite plan obtaining a sample from a given populations. It refers to the
technique or a procedure, the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample.
Sampling method
For this research Convenience Sampling is used. As the name implies, convenience
sampling refers to the collection of information from members of the population who are
conveniently available.
Convenience Sampling
Under this sample the researcher selects the most accessible population member from which to obtain the
information. It involves choosing of the samples on the convenience basis.
Sample size
The sample size for this study is taken as 120 for the interview and issue questionnaires.
DATA SOURCE
There are two sources of data collection:
Primary data source
Sources of Data
Primary Data
Primary data are those data, which are obtained for the first time by the investigator himself. In
order words, by primary data we mean those data, which are originally, i.e., those in which little
or no grouping has been made, the instance being recorded or itemized encountered.
The source of primary data used in my project is the questionnaire. Primary are the raw data like
raw material. Primary data are according to object of investigation and used without correction.
The collection of primary data requires large sum, energy and time. Precautions are not
necessary in the use of the primary data.
Secondary Data
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e; they refer to the data,
which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else. When the
researcher utilizes secondary data, then he has to look in to various sources
from where he can obtain them. In this cause he is certainly not confronted
with the problems that are usually associated with the collection of original
data. Secondary data may either be published data or unpublished data.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION:
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve research problem. In it
we study the various steps that are generally adopted by researcher in studying
his research problem along with the logic behind them. It is necessary for a
researcher to know not only the research methods/techniques but also the
methodology. It may be noted, in the context of planning & development that
the significance of research lays in its quality and not in quantity. Researchers
should know how to apply particular research techniques, but they also need
to know which of these methods or techniques, are relevant and which are not,
and what would they mean and indicate and why.
SECODARY OBJECTIVE:
1 Understand the customer behaviour inside the mall.
2 Customers expectation from the retailers.
3 Gather the information about all the competitors.
4 All details about the loyalty scheme in retail sector.
There are various stages to solve the research problem as shown in following
diagram
DATA COLLECTION:
PRIMARY SOURCE: The method of data collection is done by the
way of survey; this is a process whereby first hand information is collected.
This method is needed for meeting the specific objective of research study.
for both the research. Interviews were conducted inside the mall by face face
interviewing.
TABLE: 1
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Always
31
31%
sometimes
51
51%
Never
18
18%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 51% of the respondents were sometimes buy brand
products.
About 31% of the respondents were always buy brand products.
About 18% of the respondents were never buy brand products.
GRAPH: 1
TABLE: 2
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Just Name of
the product
23
23%
Quality
63
63%
Both
14
14%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 63% of the respondents were prefer quality about a
brand.
About 23% of the respondents were prefer just a name of the
product about a brand.
About 14% of the respondents were never prefer both quality
and just a name of the product about a brand.
GRAPH: 2
TABLE: 3
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Go for other
brand
40
40%
37
37%
23
23%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 40% of the respondents were go for other brand if it is
unavailable.
About 37% of the respondents were go for other seller if it is
unavailable.
About 23% of the respondents were wait for the product if it is
unavailable.
GRAPH: 3
TABLE: 4
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Home appliance
9%
Clothes
60
60%
Fruits &
vegetables
9%
Groceries
13
13%
9%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 60% of the respondents were buy clothes in big bazaar.
About 13% of the respondents were buy groceries in big bazaar.
About 9% of the respondents were buy home appliance in big
bazaar.
About 9% of the respondents were buy fruits & vegetables in
big bazaar.
About 9% of the respondents were buy all the above products
in big bazaar.
GRAPH: 4
TABLE: 5
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Yes
25
25%
Sometimes
47
47%
No
28
28%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 47% of the respondents sometimes get the exact product
which they prefer.
About 28% of the respondents not get the exact product which
they prefer.
About 25% of the respondents get the exact product which they
prefer.
TABLE: 6
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Credit facility
8%
Delivery service
25
25%
Product
availability
29
29%
Offers
38
38%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 38% of the respondents like offers in big bazaar.
About 29% of the respondents like product availability in big
bazaar.
About 25% of the respondents like delivery service in big
bazaar.
About 8% of the respondents like credit facility in big bazaar.
TABLE: 7
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Buy 1 get 1
27
27%
Discount %
50
50%
Weekly offers
23
23%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 50% of the respondents like discount offer in big bazaar.
TABLE: 8
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Price
14
14%
Quality
28
28%
Offers
40
40%
Customer
service
18
18%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 40% of the respondents were telling that offers will come
first in their mind about big bazaar.
About 28% of the respondents were telling that quality will
come first in their mind about big bazaar.
About 18% of the respondents were telling that customer
service will come first in their mind about big bazaar.
About 14% of the respondents were telling that price will come
first in their mind about big bazaar.
TABLE: 9
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Yes
20
20%
Sometimes
31
31%
No
49
49%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 49% of the respondents not using credit card at big
bazaar.
About 31% of the respondents they use credit card sometimes
at big bazaar.
About 20% of the respondents always use credit card at big
bazaar.
TABLE: 10
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Highly
comfortable
33
33%
comfortable
65
65%
uncomfortable
2%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 65% of the respondents were comfortable with the
environment at big bazaar.
About 33% of the respondents were highly comfortable with the
environment at big bazaar.
About 2% of the respondents were uncomfortable with the
environment at big bazaar.
TABLE: 11
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Orange
19
19%
Blue
18
18%
Green
25
25%
Both a & b
38
38%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 38% of the respondents told both orange & blue is the
symbol color of big bazaar.
About 25% of the respondents told green is the symbol color of
big bazaar.
TABLE: 12
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Very high
1%
High
11
11%
Medium
74
74%
Low
13
13%
Very low
1%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 74% of the respondents told medium price rate of big
bazaar.
About 13% of the respondents told low price rate of big bazaar.
About 11% of the respondents told high price rate of big
bazaar.
About 1% of the respondents told told very high price rate of
big bazaar.
About 1% of the respondents told very low price rate of big
bazaar.
GRAPH: 12
TABLE: 13
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Yes
20
20%
Should get it
28
28%
No
52
52%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 52% of the respondents dont have membership card at
big bazaar.
About 28% of the respondents should get the member ship card
at big bazaar.
About 11% of the respondents they have membership card at
big bazaar.
GRAPH:13
TABLE: 14
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
1 star (lowest)
5%
2 star
24
24%
3 star
31
31%
4 star
31
31%
5 star (highest)
9%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About
About
About
About
About
GRAPH: 14
TABLE: 15
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
TV ads
13
13%
Friends &
family
65
65%
Newspaper
22
22%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 65% of the respondents they knows about big bazaar
from friends & family.
About 22% of the respondents they knows about big bazaar
from newspaper.
About 13% of the respondents they knows about big bazaar
from TV ads.
GRAPH: 15
TABLE: 16
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Yes
38
38%
No
62
62%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 62% of the respondents they dont aware about the own
products of big bazaar.
About 38% of the respondents they aware about the own
products of big bazaar.
TABLE: 17
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Quality
21
21%
Availability
28
28%
User friendly
41
41%
Cheap price
10
10%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 41% of the respondents
brands of big bazaar.
About 28% of the respondents
of big bazaar.
About 21% of the respondents
big bazaar.
About 10% of the respondents
of big bazaar.
GRAPH: 17
TABLE: 18
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Different
packages
10
10%
Different
qualities
45
45%
Different flavor
5%
Above all
40
40%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 45% of the respondents prefer big bazaar provide to
customer in different qualities.
About 40% of the respondents prefer big bazaar provide to
customer in different packages, different qualities & different
flavor.
About 10% of the respondents prefer big bazaar provide to
customer in different packages.
About 5% of the respondents prefer big bazaar provide to
customer in different flavor.
TABLE: 19
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Blow 1 year
21
21%
1-5 years
48
48%
Above 5 years
31
31%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 48% of the respondents told they were around 1-5 years
customers of big bazaar.
About 31% of the respondents told they were above 5 years
customers of big bazaar.
About 21% of the respondents told they were below 1years
customers of big bazaar.
TABLE: 20
NO OF
RESPONDE
NTS
S.NO
OPTIONS
PERCENTA
GE
Highly
satisfactory
31
31%
Satisfactory
51
51%
Not satisfactory
18
18%
TOTAL
100
100%
INFERENCE:
About 51% of the respondents were satisfied regarding the big
bazaar offer sales.
About 31% of the respondents were highly satisfied regarding
the big bazaar offer sales.
About 18% of the respondents were not satisfied regarding the
big bazaar offer sales.