Derivations of Some 2-D Fundamental Equations of Fluid Mechanics

By, TEY WAH YEN

Equations involved :
Continuity Equations

Cartesian Coordinate
Cylindrical Coordinate

Cartesian Coordinate
Cylindrical Coordinate

Cartesian Coordinate
Cylindrical Coordinate

Cartesian Coordinate
Cylindrical Coordinate

Momentum Equations

Navier-Stokes Equations
Stream Vorticity Functions

Continuity Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)
=

=
=

Continuity Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)

+
+

+
+

=
+

for incompressible flow:

=
=

Continuity Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)

Continuity Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)
,

Continuity Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)

+
=

For incompressible flow:

Momentum Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)

Momentum Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)
=

X-direction momentum equation

+

+

Momentum Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)
=

Y-direction momentum equation

+
+
+

Momentum Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)
For r-momentum

=
+
+

=
+

Momentum Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)
For -momentum

=
+

=
+

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)
Consider an infinitesimal
fluid particle with
variation of pressure in x
and y direction to derive
the Eulers Formula

1 =

2 = +

(2)

( )
2

= 1 2

m = 1 2 = (1 2 )

= = -( )

=-

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)

1 =

2 = +

= 1 2

m = 1 2 = (1 2 )

= = -( )

=-

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)
Constitutive relationship for Viscous Flow:
=2
, in which
=

For fluid acceleration, recall that:

=
+
+
+

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)

+
+

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)

+
+

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)
Recall from continuity equation in which
+ = 0, and then
for incompressible flow:

+
=

+
=

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cartesian Coordinate)
Combining with the Eulers Equation, the complete -D
Cartesian Navier-Stokes Equations are:

+
=
+
+

+
=
+
+

or in other words:

= +

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)
Consider an infinitesimal
fluid particle with
variation of pressure in r
and direction to derive
the Eulers Formula

1 =

2 = +

( )
2

( )
2

= 1 2

m = 1 2 = (1 2 )

= = -( )

=-

+m

+m

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)

1 =

2 = +

= 1 2

m = 1 2 = (1 2 )

= = -( )

=-

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)
Constitutive relationship for Viscous Flow:
=2
, in which
=

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)

=
=
=

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)

=
=

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)

+
+

+
+

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)
Noted that from continuity equation:

and then,

= 0,

=r

By substituting both the equation here to the

unsolved cylindrical Navier-Stokes equations,

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)
The cylindrical coordinate Navier-Stokes Equations evolved into:

+
+

Navier-Stokes Equations
(Cylindrical Coordinate)
Combining the previous slides equations with the Eulers equations,
then the complete incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations are:

=+ +
+
+

+
+

=+

+
+
+

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cartesian Coordinates)
Vorticity Function:
=

And recall the stream functions: u =

and v =

By substituting both the stream function into vorticity

function then the vorticity equation will become:

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cartesian Coordinates)
And from x-component Navier-Stokes Equation:

+
=
+
+

By taking the first derivative with respect to y, and

equation evolves:
+

------(1)

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cartesian Coordinates)
Similarly, from y-component Navier-Stokes Equation:

+
=
+
+

Assume theres no gravit force, b taking the first

derivative with respect to x, and equation evolves:
+

-------(2)

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cartesian Coordinates)
(2)-(1):

Recall that

+
=

, then

+
=

For compressible flow:

+
=

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cylindrical Coordinates)
Vorticity Function:
=

And recall the stream functions:

By substituting both the stream function into vorticity

function then the vorticity equation will become:

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cylindrical Coordinates)
=

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cylindrical Coordinates)
And from r-component Navier-Stokes Equation:

Taking the first derivation with respect to :

----(3)

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cylindrical Coordinates)
And from -component Navier-Stokes Equation:

Taking the first derivation with respect to r:

----(4)

Stream Vorticity Functions

(Cylindrical Coordinates)
Upon dividing equation(3) by r, then (4) (3)/r, by some
rearrangement:

Then the stream vorticity function in cylindrical coordinate is:

+
=

+
+