FICTION

imagination.
-

based

from

the

writers

Compared with poetry, it has no

rhyme and schemes.
It is written in complete sentences
and paragraph form.

FORMS IN WORLD LITERATURE

1 . FAIRY TALES stories that have fairies,
nymphs, and the likes as central characters.
e.g. Snow White and
Dwarves, Cinderella, Tinker
Sleeping Beauty

the Seven
Bell, The

2. NOVEL a long short story that has

chapters.
e.g. Noli Me Tangere (Rizal), El
Filibusterismo
(Rizal),
The
Notebook
(Nicholas Sparks), Adultery (Paulo Coelho)

3. LEGEND (ALAMAT) because of lack of

scientific knowledge, these stories were
created to explain the origin of things or
places.
e.g. Alamat ng Pinya, Alamat ni
Mariang Makiling, Legends of the Lochness
Monster, Big Foot

4. FABLE (PABULA) a story which has

animals as characters but have traits that of
humans.
e.g. Ang Kuneho at Ang Pagong, Lion
King, The Madagascar, Ice Age

e.g. Percy Jackson, Medusa, Clash of

the Titans, Thor

6. PARABLE (PARABULA) stories that

came from the Bible.
e.g. David and Goliath, The Prodigal
Son, Noahs Ark, Daniel in the Lions Den

7. CREATIVE NON-FICTION reality and is always factual

based from

e.g. literary journalism, biography and

auto-biography, travelogue

8. DETECTIVE story that has to solve a

crime.
e.g. Sherlock Holmes, Nancy Drew
Collection

ELEMENTS OF FICTION
1. PLOT highlights all the important
points and the line of a story. Also
known as summary, storyline, or
synopsis.
2 kinds of plot:
a. TRADITIONAL events happen
in a chronological order
b. NON-TRADITIONAL the story
has flashback or fast forward,
not chronologically arranged.
GUSTAV FREYTAG the playwright
and novelist who considered the plot as a
narrative structure that divides a story into 5
major parts.
Parts of Plot:

5. MYTH story which has gods and

goddesses as characters, which have
powers.

a. EXPOSITION introduces all the

main characters in the story

INCITING INCIDENT point of

the plot that begins the conflict.

b. RISING ACTION the buildup of

events where the protagonist
understands his goal and begins to
work toward it.

CONFLICT

when
a
disagreement between two or
more people/groups occur. Also
known as the Problem that
needs to be solved.

3 kinds of conflict:
o Man vs. Man
o Man vs. Himself
o Man vs. Nature or Society
c. CLIMAX the turning point of the
story. The main character makes
the single big decision that defines
the outcome of the story.
d. FALLING ACTION consists of the
actions of characters resolving the
problem
e. RESOLUTION
ends.

how

the

story

2. SETTING The context and the

environment, the time, place and
circumstances in which a story takes
place.
3. POINT OF VIEW the narrator, the
speaking voice in the story.
3 kinds of P.O.V.:
a. FIRST I, Me, Myself
b. THIRD She, He, They
c. OMNISCIENT God-like
4. THEME Tells what the story is about.
e.g.
Romance,
Adventure

Thriller,

Action,

THEATER ARTS - Is a collaborative form of

fine art that uses live performers to present
the experience of a real or imagined event
before a live audience in a specific place.
-

Stories are relayed to an audience

by means of actions and words.
The
specific
place
of
the
performance is also named by the
word "theatre" as derived from the
Ancient Greek , Thatron,
"a place for viewing".
A very effective medium to
promote social awareness, as a
means of entertainment and a
liberal way to express ones
opinion.

EXAMPLES:
1. Komedya,
or
professional
consisting of jokes
sketches, intended
audience laugh.

Comedy
entertainment
and satirical
to make an

2. Sinakulo or senakulo - is a
Lenten play that is
a dramatic
presentation of
the Passion of
Jesus Christ -- his trial, suffering
and death.
The senakulo is
performed during Holy Week in the
Philippines. It takes eight nights -from Palm Sunday to Easter -- to
present the entire sinakulo.
3. Sarswela
4. Bodabil
It
featured
a
hodgepodge of musical numbers,
short-form comedy and dramatic
skits, and even magic acts, often
staged inside the theaters of
Manila.
5. Moro-moro - It depicted battles
between Christians and Moros-as
Muslims in the Philippines are
popularly known-with the Moros as
the perpetual villains who always
lost to the Christians in the end.

6. Duplo at
debate

Karagatan

poetic

ELEMENTS OF THEATER ARTS:

1. THE PLAYWRIGHT AND HIS PLAY
He has to workout his plot in terms of
actual actions and dialogue to be
performed and spoken by actors
within the limited facilities of the
stage.
2. THE PERFORMER The ones who
impersonate characters and do the
role-playing. The actors and actresses.
3. THE DIRECTOR he presents,
translates and interprets a story into a
dramatic action.
4. PRODUCTION
DESIGN

This
includes all the scenery and props,
make-up, costumes, lights, music,
sound and other possible effects.
5. THEATER SPACE Commonly known
as the stage. It is said to be the acting
area with the purpose of putting life
into action where the audience can
see it.
FORMS OF THEATER SPACE
1. The Proscenium or the Picture
Frame Stage introduced during the
Italian Renaissance, and the most
commonly used stage.
- The audience sits facing the
stage and seats are usually arranged
on increasing levels.
- The stage is actually designed
to assure better visibility.
2. The Thrust or the Trestle Stage
developed by the Ancient Greeks.
- Also known as platform stage
or open stage.
- Has the benefit of greater
intimacy between performers and the

audience than a proscenium, while

retaining the utility of a backstage
area
- Is one that extends into the
audience on three sides and is
connected to the backstage area by its
upstage end.
3. The Booth Stage an improvised
acting area with open air and is
commonly used by traveling troupes
who have no access to theaters and
other venues.
4. The Arena Stage or Theater-inthe-Round often found outside the
theater for the acting area of the stage
which is located in the center of a
square or circle and the audience
surrounds it.
- The audience is closer to the
actor.
5. The Created Stage or Found Stage
a non-conventional theater staging for
the venue is not really used for acting
such as ordinary rooms, lecture halls, the
streets, restaurants, etc,
- Space is used to bring drama to the
people who can afford going to a theater to
see stage plays, to call attention on the
socio-political issues, to experiment and to
create new sensation