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HANDBOOK OF PALI
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAMS
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HANDBOOK OF
PALI.
3^
.^
HANDBOOK OF
PALI.
AN ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR,
A CHRESTOMATHY, AND A GLOSSARY.
COMl'ILEU BY
0.
FRANKFURTER,
Ph.D.
HERTFORD:
rUMTED BT 8TKPBBN
AVSTI.t
AMD
BOMS.
TO THE EEVEEEND
RICHARD MORRIS,
LL.D., M.A.,
ERRATA
Page
ERRATA.
XXIV
Page.
line.
BUD.
Page.
line.
BKAU.
146
7,8?
sammata.
dakklUnti.
147
14
sammata.
16
avippavasaih.
anumodama.
124
paligiintliito.
125
125
18?
Kasibharadvajo.
144
132
12
sampajano.
148
24
upajjhayena.
149
27
150
143
20
144
144
35
yacati.
dharayamlti.
haritattaya.
1544 18
anu'kathayati.
170* 29
bhikkhunl.
1544 30
anu-parayati.
1735 34
valittaro.
159a 12
ussaho.
165a
167a
Pag'e 60.
e.g.
satta-nikdyo.
The
first
a centi-
pede.*
viharemu, j'dnemu.
verses.
'
(f)
This
is
'
a,'
io
CONTENTS.
FAOB
Preface
ix
Pali Bibliography
XT
Pakt
Alphabet
Pronunciation
Classification of Letters
Vowels
Short Vowels
Long Vowels
Nasal Vowels
5
7
Interchange of Vowels
Consonants .
7
7
Phonetic Changes .
Compound Consonants
II
Sandhi
21
24
25
29
41
42
47
47
49
61
Euphonic Changes
Declension
Declension of Nouns
Comparison
Declension of Pronouns
Numerals
Cardinals
Ordinals
The Verb
Present System .
Modes of the Present Tense
Perfect System .
Aorist and Imperfect
Future
Conditional
Participles, Infinitives
Gerunds
Compounds
58
60
61
66
67
69
70
70
73
74
Indeclinables
Adverbs
Prepositions
53
PAOB
SamaneraPanham (Khuddaka Nikaya) 82
Dvatimsakuram
,,
,,
Paccavekkhana (Anguttara Nikaya)
Dasadhammasuttam ,,
,,
Mahamangalasuttam
(Khuddaka
Nikaya)
Ratanasuttam (Khuddaka Nikaya)
Karanlyamettasuttam
.
II.
.84
85
88
Khandhaparittam(AnguttaraNikaya) 89
90
Mettasuttam
,,
Mettanisamsam (Jataka)
.
.91
,,
Moraparittam
Candaparittam (Samyutta Nikaya)
.
Suriyaparittam
.92
.
.
Dhajaggaparittam
Mahakassappattherabojjhangam
.
(Samyutta Nikaya)
Girimanandasuttam
(Samyutta
Nikaya)
Atilnatiyasuttam (Digha Nikaya)
Dhammacakkappavattanasuttam
.
(Samyutta Nikaya)
Mahusamayasuttam (Dlgha Nikaya)
Alavakasuttam (Samyutta Nikaya)
Parabhavasuttam (Khuddaka Nikaya)
Vasalasuttam
.
KasibharadvajasuttaTn
,,
92
.93
,,
,,
94
96
97
101
109
112
118
120
122
126
,,
Part
Glossary
Tables of Alphabets
III.
162
:
Sinhalese Alphabet.
Part
82
82
83
Burmese Alphabet.
Kambodian Alphabet.
Comparative Table of Alphabets.
b
PREFACE.
The Handbook
my
readers
grammar
of Pali,
it
to
have
grammar
can, in
my
In
fact,
a scientific Pali
some explanation.
hammer,
am
Rangoon High
conclusively,
as
School, 1879-
He goes on to
by means of any language."
remark that "a Pali grammar and a Pali dictionary must
preached
PREFACE.
grammar
New
Testament."
ment we expect
to
mean a
cyclopaedia,
in
which one
"Handbook
of Miigadhl" as a
Under such a
grammar
actually
Handbook
title
is
title
Moreover, in calling
it
spoken.
Subhuti,
and
his
As
is
who
calls his
Ndmamdld
based on a
MS.
in the British
in Sinhalese characters.
Burmese
copies,
Museum
The
text
the
selection
they give.
None
Part
suttas
which
in
is
"
are given as
the " Extraits du Paritta
PREFACE.
xi
The two
Nikaya.
lished
by the late
suttas of the
M. Grimblot
MSS.
The
FausboU
Professor
most
if
not
all
I shall
which we have of
The
it.
"A
Collection of
Kamma-
vacas."
may be taken
as a fairly
good
Vinaya Pitaka,
tion to the
stands
to
mavacas
viz. if
is
as the
MSS. belonging
2).
They
Patimokkha
the
text of
to
the
Kam-
Bodleian
A distinction
chapters
have consulted
other
MSS.
in
the
British
MSS., in
PREFACE.
xii
and
identification
we found
report,
given
that one of
it
in
it
(see Bibliography).
I have omitted
proper names.
all
which I have
the Chrestomathy.
The
them (No.
Sanskrit Dictionary.
member
last
in the
is
Indo-European languages
is
The
explained
defined."
But
as
all
the second
myself to using
capitals,
I employ
compound words.
compound words when the individual
italics
however, for
for
reason.
may
Nihhdnam
among
so
perhaps
as the
many
be
1. 1.
found with
summum bonum
different views
I give mostly
it
the
explanation
of the Buddhists;
seems to
me
of
but
best neither
The
in
known, has
modern grammar.
of
by the
PREFACE.
To give the
native grammarians.
commend
itself
principle of
to
xiii
me
two
for
reasons.
First,
and not
it
to introduce
to
it.
Secondly,
it is difficult
the
is
may
is
all
the books
published on Pali grammar, and consulted Childers's Dictionary of the Pali Language. These works will be found
in the appended Bibliography.
larly the works of Professors
Kuhn and
Minayefi",
particu-
of
M.
the proof-sheets.
am
Library,
for
FRANKFURTER.
PALI BIBLIOGRAPHY.
I.
PALI LITERATURE.
TuRNOUR, G.
Westergaard, N. L.
Codices
Indici
Hardy, Rev. R.
lese
bibliothecae
regioe
Copenhagen, 1846.
List of
S.
Languages.
J. DE.
Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit, Pali, and
Sinhalese Literary "Works of Ceylon.
Colombo, 1870.
Alwis,
Zoysa, L. de.
Colombo, 1876.
Forchhammer,
Report
W.
Davids, T.
Rhys.
Rangoon High
School.
1879-1880.
Report
on
Pali
and Sinhalese.
Feer, L.
theque nationale.
Haas, E.
British
Trubner
Museum.
&
Co.
TALI BIBLIOORAPnY.
xvi
II.
One
ViNAYA PiTAKAM.
Scriptures.
TEXTS.
by Hermann
Edited
Holy
Oldenbcrg.
vols.
London, 1879-1883.
Kammavaca.
Spiegel,
F.
de
officiis
et lutine edidit.
Bonn,
Kammavjikyam,
buddhicorum
piilice
liber
1841.
Anecdota Palica.
Armenian
1875.
in
Monastery,
(This appears to
the
St.
Library of the
Lazaro.
Venice,
be a reprint of the
preceding.)
Patimokkha.
Minayeff, J.
niku izdannyj
1869.
perevedennyj.
Petersburg,
1876.
SUTTA PiTAKAM.
DTOHA NiKAYA.
Qrimblot, P.
Nikaya.
Childers, R. C.
Mahaparinibbanasutta.
1878.
Mahasatipatthanasutta.
Maulmain, 1881.
London,
PALI BIBLIOGRAPEY.
xvii
SUTTA PlTAKAM.
SaMYUTTA NlKAYA.
Feer, H. L. Le Bhikkhuni Samyuttam, M^raoires
de
Societe
la
d'Ethnographie, Sect.
Orient,
1877.
MaJJHIMA NlKAYA.
Pischel, R.
A8sala3'anasuttam.
Chemnitz, 1880.
lated.
Anguitara Nikaya.
Publications of the Pali Text
Khuddaka Nikaya.
FausboU, y.
mentary.
1879.
Two
i.
and
Jatakas
Com-
London.
Five Jatakas.
etc.
its
London, 1877,
ii.
Copenhagen, 1861.
Th.
Zachariae,
Contains
Vetalapaucaviri9ati.
dantl-jataka.
B.B.
iv. p.
Indische
schlechtes.
the
Umma-
375.
und
Streifen
i.
Berlin,
1868.
Fausboll, V.
Dhammapadam, ex
Havniensibus
Palice
tribus codicibus
edidit.
Copenhagen,
1855.
Childers,
R. C.
Khuddaka
translation, etc.
Spiegel,
F.
Piitha,
with English
J.R.A.S. 1870.
Anecdota
Palica.
Leipzig,
1845.
TALI BIBLIOGRAPHY.
xviii
SUTTA PlTAKAM.
Khuddaka Nikaya.
Colombo, 1871.
Alwis, J. de. Buddhist Nirvana.
Contains extracts from the Sutta Nipata.
Morris, Rev. R.
Cany a
Pitaka.
Buddhavamsa.
the
Piili
Feer,
(Publications of
Text Society.)
H. L.
11 livraisons.
J.
Ajjhatta Jaya Mangalam. Rangoon, 1881.
Grimblot, P. Extraits du Paritta, texte et commentaire,
avec introduction, traduction, notes et notices par L^on
Gray,
J.A. 1871.
Feer.
Feer, H. L.
Pirit Pota
Fft\ides
{i.e.
Rangoon, 1879.
Mahaparitto. Rangoon, 1881.
Mangalasutta. 2nd ed. Rangoon, 1881.
Mahaparitto.
Mahavamso.
London, 1874.
Hatthavanagallavamsa.
lated from the Pali
by
The Attanagalluvansa.
J. d* Alwis,
Trans-
Colombo, 1866.
PALI BIBLIOGRAPHY.
III.
xlx
TRANSLATIONS.
ii.
Beal, Rev.
London, 1834).
and Gogerly, Rev. D.
S.,
Arrangement
of
Two
J.
Translations of
Comparative
Buddhist
the"
London, 1862.
W.
Davids, T.
East, vol.
xiii.)
Davids, T.
Sutta, the
Dhammacakkappavattana
sava Sutta.)
Buddhist Birth
Tales.
Weber, A.
Stories, or
Jataka
London, 1880.
Dhammapadam
(Indische Streifen).
MtJLLER, F. Max.
Buddha's Dhammapada.
Translated
from Pali. (Buddhaghosha's Parables. Translated from
Burmese by H. T. Rogers. London, 1870.)
Dhammapada
translated
from
Pali.
Hu, Ferd.
a Collection of Verses,
(Sacred Books of
1.)
Dhammapadam
duction et notes.
Oxford, 1881.
Paris, 1878.
London, 1874.
a Collection of Discourses,
Oxford, 1881.
(Sacred Books of
2.)
PALI BIBLIOGRAPnT.
XX
DICTIONARIES, GRAMMARS,
GRAMMATICAL PAPERS.
IV.
MoGOALLANA Thero.
AND
By Waskaduwe
etc.
Colombo, 1865.
Subhuti.
Childers, R. C.
BuKNouF,
E.,
Paris,
1826.
Casuum
Miinster,
1862.
MiJLLER, F.
Vols.
KuHN,
E.
ii. iii.
i.
W. A.
ToRP, A,
Christiania, 1881.
Sanskrit.
Trenckner, V.
GoLDSCHMiDT,
Pali Miscellany.
Prukritica.
S.
BIlavataro.
Vol.
i.
London, 1879.
Strassburg, 1879.
Kaccayana.
Alwis,
J. de.
Introduction to Kaccayana's
Colombo, 1863.
Grammar
A.
specimen.
KuHN,
E.
W.
Kaccayanappakaranae
Halle, 1869.
specimen
alterum.
Halle, 1871.
TALI BIBLIOGRAPHY.
xxi
Kaccayana.
SIlavamsa.
rakkhita.
Waskaduwe
Colombo, 1872.
Naraamala, or a "Work on Pali
Subhuti.
Grammar.
Ceylon, 1876.
Sumangala.
Declension and Conjugation of Pali "Words.
Edited by M. Gunaratana. Ceylon, 1873.
Sangharakkhita Thera. Subodhalahkara. (Pali Studies,
by Major G. E. Fryer.)
Calcutta, 1875.
"Vuttodaya.
lation
and
herausgegeben
von
J.
Minayeff.
Melanges
Asia-
tiques, vi.
Childers, R. C.
On
Sandhi in Pali.
J.R.A.S.
n.s.
iv.
p. 309.
Dakkh
in Pali.
K.B. viii. p. 150.
The Prakrit Dekkh. K.B. vii. p. 450.
Die wurzeln ^pekkh, dakkh und dekkh
PiscHEL, R.
K.B. vii. p. 453.
Prakrit.
"Weber, A. Zur Yerstiindigung. K.B. vii. p. 458.
PiscHEL, R.
Jacobi,
H.
in
K.Z.
XXV. p. 314.
GoLDscHMiDT,
S.
Priikritische
Miscellen.
K.Z.
xxv.
de9lcabdas
bei
Trivikrama.
B.B.
iiL
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
abl.=: ablative.
p. p. p.
= accusative.
=
adj.
adjective.
adv. = adverb.
ace.
fect passive.
par.=para8mai.
aor.=aori8t.
= particle.
=
passive.
pass.
attn.=atmane.
pers.= person.
caus.
part.
= causative.
pe=peyyalo,
comp., cp.=eompare.
cond. =conditional.
conj.
= con junction.
dat.= dative.
= fem.
foil. =
following.
fr. = from.
fut. = future.
gen. = genitive.
ger. = gerund.
Imperat. = Imperative.
inf. = infinitive.
instr. = instrumental.
f.
voc.= vocative.
J. A.
Royal
B. B.
f.
p. p.
the
Asiatic Society.
= Bezzenberger,
bei-
germanischen sprachen.
m.
future passive,
= Journal Asiatique.
= Journal of
J. II. A. S.
loc.=locative.
= masculine.
n. = neuter.
num. = numeral.
= optative.
opt.
p. = participle
p.
etc.
= plural.
pi.
= preposition.
prep.
=
present.
pres.
= preterite.
pret.
= separately.
sep.
sing. = singular.
K.Z =Kuhn*8
zeitschrift fiir
vergleichende
of
= participle present.
the
schung.
Z. D. M. G.
sprachfor-
= Zeitschrift
deutschen
d.
morgenlan-
dischen gesellschaft.
HANDBOOK OF
PART
PALI.
I.
AN ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR.
1.
THE ALPHABET.
in
Sinhalese
is
u u
urn
j
d
d
2.
The vowels
{I)
gh
jh
dh
n
n
(/h)
dh
hh
PRONUNCIATION.
The
PALI GRAMMAR.
e and o are
in English hang.
before two
short
but
pronounced
metrically always long,
like
guttural nasal
the
consonants.
The consonants
Sanskrit grammar.
English ch.
is the Spanish
c is
ti
and French ng
in campagne.
is
follows
it, cf.
3.
CLASSIFICATION OF LETTERS.
.t
% 4.
1) Pali
VOWELS.
imply
system adopted
the present time, such as Dr. Oldenbcrg's edition of the Vinayapi^aka, Prof.
Fausbiill's Jataka, and also in Childers's Dictionary of the Pali Language.
SHORT VOWELS.
vowels.
We find therefore in
u,
and
five
is,
Pali
possessed
free
accent
to the
is
syllable
of the long,
considered long,
or nasal
if it
vowels, or a
contains one
short vowel
Pali word
may
5.
SHORT VOWELS.
thus
'
'
'
*
ratti Skr. ratri night'
path ; majjdro Skr. miirjara cat
'
saddhim Skr. sardham * with ; ikkhati Skr. Ikshati * to
;
look
*
;
place*;
'
'
urine
kitti
'
'
fame
tittham Skr. tirtha landingSkr. dhurta 'gamester'; mutlam Skr. mutra
Skr. kirti
t//<!^^o
;
PALI GRAMMAB.
The
given
syllable
is
ya
is
changed
to
i.
Among
the examples
for Skr.
nyagrodha, majjhimo
quail.'
to find in Pali
We
is
represented in Pali by
one of the short vowels a i u or by the consonant r in conjunction with one of the vowels a i m, which in this case are
vowel fractures (svarabhakti).
There is no fixed rule for the use of these vowels, and in
difierent, sometimes in the same, texts, they are used inand the divergency
diflferently in the case of the same word,
in the use of these vowels shows that they were employed in
a merely tentative way to indicate the sound in writing.
*
krta made ; gmihdti Skr. grhnuti * to
1) a=r in kato Skr.
*
'
'
ianhTt Skr. trshna
lust.'
seize ; mato Skr. mrtd dead
'
'
done'
3)
'
2) i=^r in
M=r
isi
'
straight.'
4)
r=r
'hymn';
LONG VOWELS.
'
'
great
5)
to increase
brmbayati
ruhkho Skr. vrkshd tree.'
or i or u in the same word :
Skr.
bi'uheti
*
r=
'
niigo
This
is
both vowels.
'
'
'
'
moon
'
;
'
'
to dislike ; timisam tamisam
jigucchati Skr. jugupsati
'
*
Skr. tamisra darkness ; Timingalo Titnihgilo Skr. Timingila ;
nitthuhhati
lindo
*
mucilinda
Skr.
venerable
'
;
a tree
'
to spit out
'
;
dyasma
Skr.
'
;
muca-
ayushmant
'
family.'
LONG VOWELS.
8.
i
u agree with the corresponding
with
the
Sanskrit,
exception above stated, that a long vowel
followed by two consonants is represented in Pali by
a short one.
1)
a:
Skr. datr
2) T
d=a
giver.'
iti
Skr.
Iti
'
calamity
a song
'
;
TALI GRAMMAR.
6
3) u
&no Skr.
'
iina
deficient
*
;
broth
'
;
They combine
they go back
therefore
to these
and
u,
and
consonant.
1)
e:
eti
'
Skr. hetu
cause.*
'
'
contemptible
goes back to jigucchd
'
suffering from a cutaneous complaint to kilaso.
ediso eriso edikkho erikkho such to idam.
jeguccho
keldso
'
is
E=Skr.
ai
is
3) aya
'
contracted to e in the
to relate
kathayati
middle of a word
'
'
;
jeti^-jayati
katheti=
to conquer.'
sthavira
an
elder.*
1) o:
lobho
'
'
moho
delusion
'
'
pothujjaniko
puthujjano
belonging
this
latter
puthujjaniko, however,
2)
'
'
tnoho Skr.
'
o=Skr. au
opammam
is
an
to
stands
for
'
blemish.*
unconverted
Skr. prthak.
person,*
form
also given.
Skr.
aupamya 'comparison.'
'
orahbhiko Skr. aurabhrika a shepherd.'
odariko and odaro Skr. audiirika ' greedy.'
3) ava is contracted to o in the
fuller
'
form
descent
'
;
beginning of a word
the
'
to wash.'
CONSONANTS.
10.
The
'
sdrdgo possessed of passion.*
Every one of the five nasals can, before any other consonant or nasal, become niggahlta. The MSS. vary greatly
often becomes sa
'
other,' pamha,
and
In
cases
the long
pofiha
panha 'question.'
very many
vowel and the nasalized vowel appear in the same word.
In later texts a short vowel is often nasalized nagaram
becomes nahgaram. This seems, however, a mistake of the
:
mn/io, anno,
Sinhalese copyists.
11.
INTERCHANGE OF VOWELS.
By
and krtajiia.
In merayam 'intoxicating liquor,' Skr. maireya, second e
appears in Pali as a. In milakkJw Skr. mleccho the Pali
It stands for mlaska.
preserves the older form.
We sometimes find the gunated forms of words in Pali by
the side of Sanskrit ungunated.
CONSONANTS.
12.
The consonants
*
into ghosavd
Ghosava
y, r,
/,
are divided
V, h.
Aghosa k^ kh c, cA
The simple consonants
:
t, th ;
t, th\ p, ph ; 8.
of Piili mostly agree with those of
TALI GRAMMAR.
The
as the semivowels
Pali.
8h(Vih
'
% 13.
None
PHONETIC CHANGES.
grammar they
only take place optionally, and can scarcely be called conIn most instances the leading motive for the change
sistent.
;
General Remarks.
1)
the
Piili
is
Piili
Here
physician.'
2) Palatals, in conjunction with
become sometimes dentals,
y, V,
being graphic,
e.g.
foolish
4)
and
'
;
play
Through the
/*,
influence of
r,
to
burn
mudha
firm.'
*
;
made
cerebrals, e.g.
burnt.*
PHONETIC CHANGES.
ha to Skr. hrtd
'
seized
9
*
to.'
mrnala
6)
An
'
venu bamboo.'
interchange between d and r takes places,
lotus-fibre
ekdddsa ekdrasa
'
'
eleven
ediso eriso
e.g.
in
such.'
for the
and
cikicchati
from Skr.
y/
tikicchali Skr.
kut or
cikits
\/
kuc
'to care';
hunger.'
'
nonsense.'
'
place, e.g.:
appears,
dwelling in forests
cakkabdio for Skr. cakraviita and cakrabala.
10)
'
;
last
in the
'
deaf and
e.g.
cakkavdlam and
vice versd.
'
e.g.
TALI GRAMMAR.
10
A change
aspirates, for
'
'
Semivowels.
1)
inserted in a
is
word
'
'
to eat
consonant
e.g.
'
to
tender
'
;
cattalisam cattarlmm
Skr.
and
'
catvarira9at
forty ;
r is interchanged with
false
etymology, just as
in.
'
drammanam
'
Skr. iilambana
support, basis
'
*
;
arahjaro Skr.
'
alinjara
6)
waterpot.'
We find
for Skr.
in
bubbulam budbuda
'
a bubble.'
Nasals.
No
COMPOUND CONSONANTS.
grammarians are
at
variance
which then
r,
h and
in
s
this respect.
It may,
cerebralize a dental nasal,
is
14.
COMPOUND CONSONANTS.
this change.
The same
rules
which apply
to the
middle of a word.
beginning of a word
Here, also, conjunct
The
a simple consonant is exhibited, the word takes in composition always the two sounds from which the simple sound
originated.
The chief rule for assimilation
is,
The two
former
entirely assimilated to the latter.
the
one
was
a
the
other
a
are
assimilated
sounds, if
sonant,
surd,
the
(viz.
is
a perfect assimilation
are not only
made
same order.
In
these processes
is
common with
to
is
takes place,
belong to
TALI GRAMMAR.
12
take place
when one
in either of
already inherent.
It remains
now
itself
which
'
'
mind, thought
lajjd
Skr. lajja
shame
food..'
k + t =tt
k-{-th=ztth
sittham Skr.
sakthi
siktha
'bee's
wax';
satthi Skr.
thigh.'
'
puggalo
'
=^bb
d-\-h
d-\-bh = bbh
p-\-t =U
=^jj
b-\-j
b'\-d =.dd
b+dh=ddh
3)
Mutes + Nasals.
SVAKABIIAKTI.
ASSIMILATION.
\-n
sakkoti
to
able.*
+m
rumma
+n
naggo
*
naked
gh
gold.*
nagnd
'
aggi
4-
not
'
fire.*
be
SEMIVOWELS.
STAKABHAKTI.
A8SIMILATI0IT.
+n
'command.'
Skr. jfiati
fidti
13
kinsman.'
{m
sappatto
'
Skr.
sapatna
+m
th + n
mattho
grhapatnl
housewife.'
attd
jewel.'
Skr.
gahapatdnl
t
hostile.'
self.'
mathna
Skr.
shaking.'
rf
+m
padumam
roof.'
Skr.
idhumam Skr.
dh-\-m
padma
lotus.'
idhma
fire-
wood.'
-^-n
pappoti
pdpiinati
Skr.
prapnoti
he
obtains.'
to the influence of
Further,
*
a utensil
'
s.
hhdjiako
'
jar
by
the
side
jammam
of
hhandaham
Skr. bhanda.
Skr.
janman
'birth.'
Semivowels.
6)
No fixed
labials,
and the
An
PALI GRAMMAR.
14
a bowstring.*
preposition abhi before vowels becomes ahhha.
Is gheppati pass, to
have, of course, simple assimilation.
*=
take
Skr.
*to
grbhyate?
Vgrah
jijd eindjif/d Skr.
jya
We
8)
The
9)
we have
sibilants
10)
kept
The
sloth.*
brother-in-law.*
y are
palatalized or
intact.
junction with
becoming
y.
-\-y Ib
also palatalized,
tiFi.
'
'
'
is either preserved or y
kalldno Skr. kalyuna
and
kalydno
an arrow
mllo Skr. 5alya
13) l-\-y
'
is
'
assimilated to /=//.
fortunate.*
nallako
Skr.
9alyaka
porcupine.*
is
it
begins a word or
if it
SEMIVOWELS.
15
according to Burmese and Siamese manuscripts, becomes hy, whilst the Sinhalese write vy throughout at the
beginning of a word, vydmo or hydmo Skr. vyama *a fathom.'
vy,
This
often assimilated to v
is
From
hb, or,
kavi *a wise
kavya
*
poetry.'
pattabbo, but also pattayyo
attainable.'
The
from
;*
16)
'
lehya
participle P.P.
'
hiyo
and hiyyo
yesterday.*
heaven
'
*
dlgho Skr. dirgha long,' but
'
*
maggo Skr. marga
path ;
'
an oblong pond ;
digghikd
kakkatako Skr. karkataka * a crab.'
tude
'
to
from decay';
*
Skr. Vgarj
to roar
'
;
'
honour
*
ajjavam Skr. arjava rectia cat
nijjaro Skr. nirjara
;
'free
lick
to
and the
The
unendurable.'
leyyo Skr.
lehati is
*
pakinnako Skr. praklrnaka miscellaneous
'
wool
ramio Skr. varna colour.'
'
;
We
'
fisherman
'
vattati
and
sappo Skr.
'
glad
'
sarpa
gabbho Skr.
kuca grass
karman
'
;
action
a snake
*
*
;
tappati
womb
garbha
dhamrno Skr. dharma
'
Nammadd
Skr.
'
;
'
Skr.
Vtrp
to
be
law
'
;
katnmam Skr.
Narmada Nerbudda.'
*
TALI GRAMMAR.
16
*
gnbbo Skr. garva pride
'
'
ubbt earth Skr. urvl.
'
mountain
'
;
'
*
garahati Skr. Vgarh to blame.*
19) If r follows gutturals, it is either assimilated or a
"vowel is inserted, and both letters are preserved. In case of
then
be angry *
gdhati Skr.
to
take
Skr.
to
smell
ghdyati
aggo Skr.
-v/ghrii
-v/grah
'
*
first
kkiddd
Skr.
kild
Skr.
krida
;
kiriyd kriyd
kriya ;
agra
ness
kujjhati Skr.
-v/^rudh
to
'
play.'
20) For r
'
intact,
also,
we
the dental
limb
'
'
where
enemy
'
;
*
;
bhadra good
Dd/nilo Skr.
giddho Skr, grdhra greedy
chuddho khuddho
Dravida dravo davo Skr. drava liquid
Skr. kshudra mean.'
;
'
*
Skr. priya dear ; bhdmo Skr.
*
Skr. sa+prajna wise.*
br
is
preserved in
bhrama whirling
'
Brahmd
Skr.
Brahman
*
;
sappamio
bravlti Skr.
For mr
mango
tree
'
;
to
walk
'
the
copper.*
pra+
r,
in
v^vraj
SEMIVOWELS.
*
to
go forth';
*
suvrata
conscientious
'
'
to hear
*
charge
but
hrada
sharp.*
'
corner*
;
*
Skr.
sitnoti
y/<}r\x
*
dis-
assimilated
8iri
25) For /i r,
*
shamelessness
is
'
pupil, follower
*
assu Skr. a9ru a tear
'
mother-in-law
17
'
hrasva
Skr.
rasso
'
short
rahado Skr.
a pool.'
26)
/ is
For /+ V
28)
and bailava
29)
sin
'
bald
gildno
fault
billo,
the vilva-tree
'
but
khallato
'
Skr.
kilissati
kloman
'
'
pallalam Skr. palvala small tank.'
after gutturals shows svarabhakti in kileso Skr. kle9a
Skr. khalvata
*
thicket
gulma
v/kli9
'
suffer
kilomakam Skr.
right lung
Skr. glana ' faded
;
to
'
;
and from
to be tired
'
an abstract
this
Skr. aglasnu
'
healthy.*
'
'
'
'
to float
; plavo
Skr. plava * a raft.*
ambilo Skr. amla 'sour*; milakkho Skr. mleccha 'stranger.*
31) After r, / is assimilated in dullabho Skr. durlabha.
32) For
siloko Skr.
9loka
'
'
phlegm
stanza
Skr.
silittho
'
9lagha
praise
mansion.*
33)
y/^\\x
For h + l
asilesd
cp.
'
;
Skr.
9leshman
9lishta
adhering
'
a9le8ha
hilddati, hilddo,
sildgha
name
hilito
Skr.
of
Skr.
a lunar
^lilad 'to
be glad.*
.2
PALI GRAMMAR.
18
34)
r,
word
is
to
37)
t?
boiled.*
blaze,'
and the
'
yeast.'
AFTER DENTALS.
tvam 'thou';
t-\-V'.
1)
'
tarati Skr.
dh-\-v=dh: dhajo Skr. dhvaja 'flag'; dhamseti corresponds to Skr. -v/dhvams to fall, to perish,' and in composition
'
uddhamseii dhani Skr. dhvani sound
addhd Skr. adhvan
3)
'path.'
asso Skr.
brilliant.'
'
saggo Skr. svarga
Borpiam correspond to Skr. svarna gold.'
'
the
but
are, sure Skr.
heaven, paradise,*
adjective soraggiko.
'
'
'health.*
soithi
and
suratthi
Skr.
svasti
9vas yesterday ;
'
'
cavern.'
SIBILANTS.
assimilated
19
place.
1) cakkhu Skr.
Skr. vrksha
riikkJio
both forms.
'
'
'
'
decay
khipati Skr,
Vkshlv
to spit.*
2) kacchd
'
belly
kaksha
Skr.
a girdle
'
kukshi
Skr.
kitcchi
earth.'
'
eye
ikko, accho,
and with a
'
*
singular assimilation iso and isso Skr. rksha bear ; khuddo
chuddho Skr. kshudra 'small'; chano khano Skr. kshana
a wing
kshuUa
Skr.
*
moment,
'
;
*
festive
time
'
;
small
'
nishka
'
;
pakkho paccho
*
razor
'
a golden ornament
'
Skr.
paksha
'
Sanskrit
'
;
Skr.
nikko
bald.'
*
9C=ecA: acchariyo Skr. accarya wonderful ';/)accAd
'
'
'
Skr. paccat behind
a scorpion ;
vicchiko Skr. vr9cika
4) Skr.
'
nicchinati Skr.
5) t%
hibhaccho Skr. bibhatsa
Skr.
Vda)
cikitsati
;
to
cure
'
;
loathsome
'
cikicckati tikicchati
Skr.
dicchati
ditsati
(desid.
to
selfish.'
'
nymph
lacchati
Skr.
lipsati
(desid. to v/labh).
'
'
polished
hhattho
and
hhatto
lendu
and
leddu.
8) Skr. st
tth.
This
PALI GRAMMAR.
20
may
'
zation
*
a tope
perhaps
sthiinu
Skr.
thero
'
thcvo
to
drop,*
*
cerebrali-
Skr.
ihupo
stQpa
Skr. ^/stip, and
'
to amaze ; khdnu Skr.
priest
*
and chevo
'
sthavira
10) In conjunction with the labials the sibilants are assimilated ; sometimes an aspiration takes place.
The characters
for /), ph being very much alike in Siamese, Burmese and
Sinhalese MSS.,
it is
very
difficult to
more than
if this is
say
graphic.
11) phasso Skr. spar^a 'touch'; phusati Skr. y/^VT9 '^
touch' ; puppliam Skr. pushpa 'flower'; by the side of pupphiio
a form phitssito occurs, both going back to Skr. pushpita
'flowering.'
'
*
12) happo Skr. vashpa a tear ; apphotd Skr. asphota
Skr.
'jasmine'; nippapo
nishpapa 'free from sin'; nippaco
*
*
*
Skr. nishpava
acwinnowing, clearing ; mpphddanam
nishphala
nij^phalo Skr.
nis+Vpad;
fruitless.'
difierent
sibilant
sibilant is
love
*
;
sneha
'
'
friendship ; nisneho
'
'
Skr. sniina
bathing
sindnam nahdnam
without
siniddho
'
Mem
together,
'
'
'
question ;
Skr. krshna
tasind Skr.
tajihd
'
black
'
;
'
pmiho Skr.
;
*
trshna
'
lust
hot.'
'
;
pra9na
kanho kasino
SANDHI.
*
'
21
smile
'
;
'
;
gimho Skr. grishma summer ; asmd am/id Skr.
'stone'; semho silesumo Skr. gleshman 'phlegm'; rasmi
beard
agman
'
'
'
also in the
form of
the^ verb,
'
hanute hnute Skr. hnute
ganhati Skr. grhnati to grasp
'to conceal oneself' ; cihanam cinham Skr. cihnana 'mark,
;
*
jimho Skr. jihma crooked.'
43) Groups of three or more consonants are treated like
sign
The repreupwards.'
of course, due to the different assimilation which
just as in disvd, and less frequently datt/iu, for
is,
'
took place
Skr. drshtva v'dr9; uddhumdyati (pass.) Skr. ud+\/<ihma 'to
'
*
be blown up
tikkino tikklio tinho Skr. tikshna
sharp
;
'
'
moonlight
smooth
'
Skr. martya
'
mortal
'
;
'
'
'
alio
Skr.
Skr.
fish
woman.'
15.
SANDHI.1
Cpr.
On
Society, 1879.
PALI GRAMMAR.
22
None
sentence.
known from
Sanskrit
We
have of course
grammar as imperative are so in Pali.
external
in
as
internal
Sandhi
to
deal
with
Sandhi
Pali,
only
has been treated under the heading of phonetic changes, to
VOWEL
SANDHI.
a+a+coNjUNCT coNSONANT=a
annam=:pan' annam.
ndssa=na assa.
flf4-fl+ CONJUNCT CONSONANT =d
a before a is rarely elided. Such elision generally takes
:
aham
place before
*
verb atthi
1/ ai/am
this,'
to be.*
iaddsi=tadd
dai.
=
+ iti=. d
d+^
a
a-\-piz=.
nopetizn na upeti.
dpi
+ M=u
Tissdti vacancna
:
ajjdpi
= Tissa Hi.
= ajja.
cubhayam-=.ca
ubhayam
tadup(f
tadd upa-
sammanti.
VOWEL 8ANDHI.
a
is
um\
netv'
23
;
uithdi/*
ekamantikam
dsand
\
idh*
etarahi
o*
is
by a conjunct consonant
eva=neti'd ek.
ekamantikam
+t=l:
i-\-a=.a
i
in combinations with
iti:
samanUdha=.8amantiidha.
kihcdp)i=.kinci api
preceded by
or
tt
jlcanty elaka
ty
which
etc., as
is
iy
api=app,
dvuso=-sadhu
tusites' upapajjat/iaz=tusitesu
d;
upa.
doubtful
e
may
sadh*
are
ettha-=.sllavanto ettha.
e
te
'jja=ajj'a.
e+a=.d
sacdham
= sace + ahaip
aham
pattiko
katam'
assa^^katamo
assa.
PALI GRAMMAR.
24
o+a=d: duJikhAyamdukkho
ayam.
o+a=r,
place arbitrarily.
becomes v before a long vowel.
EUPHONIC CHANGES.
16.
If a
its
after
vowels.
6)
is
idha-m dhu:=idha
should be omitted.
\
yasmdd apeti (and so
tasmdd eva=ta8md; kenacid eva; ahud eva (Skr.
manasdd atmavimxittdnam-=mana8d
in Sanskrit)
abhud eva)
eva=dhdtu
punar eva)
punar eva=puna
eva (Skr.
consonant.
before vowels
becomes aakid
eva, in
is
yam
DECLENSION.
for tad
vowels
26
tad eva
this
shape before
etad avoca.
11)
Owing
is
maccdna jlvitam
muhceyya candimam for munceyyam
etam huddhdna sdsanam for buddhdnam sds.
for maccdnam
14) Sometimes the nasal vowel 4*ntirely elided im* etam
z=.imam etamy^mp ajf aha m =. nipajjim aham,
am-\-a=a: ekam iddham samayam; ekam idam aham;
no
ce
evdyam=evam ayam.
it
may be changed
beginning with
kannam.
17)
y,
becomes nn
The niggahTta
We
tarn yeva=.tanneva
dnantari-
17.
1)
evanhi.
DECLENSION.
to the fact that Pali only allows vowels and nasalized vowels
at the end of a word.
Through this law the shape of a word
PALI GRAMMAR.
26
o,
4)
the dual
is
extinct.
this enumeration.
6)
The nominative
case
is
first
case
alapanam
7)
show
respectively to
their relation {karakam) are :
kammam
accusative.
karanam
instrumental.
sampaddnam
apdddnam
ablative.
nissakko,
dative.
sdmi
genitive.
okdso or ddhdro
locative.
and
hhummo.
accusative
transitive
is
The
verb.
27
*
bringing,* sending/ etc.
*
gantid having gone to the monastery/
Verbs of peaking may follow the same rule.
with verbs of
idam abruii
Vihdram
going/
'
Tarn rdjd
the king
is further used to denote space traversed
'
and duration of time. Patindsa yajandni gacchati he marches
The
accusative
fifty yojanas.*
is
to ask.
'let
me
as
disciple.*
The
anu
arm
Sdriputtam pannavd
hhikkhu
inferior to S. in learning.*
anto,antara: antara vUhim olokayamdno 'looking
the street.'
a priest
down
into
II)
The
tiro
The
instrumental
denotes
adjacency, accompaniment,
All the uses
instrumentality.
of this case may be derived from its original meaning.
notice particularly the use made of the instrumental
association,
and of
course,
We
akkhind kdno
'
evam me
mtam
'
it
'
together with
my
unborn child
*
;
Mahatd
bhikkhu'Sahg/ieiia
PALI GRAMMAR.
28
*
saddhim
*
vind
dosena
[effect-
without any
Ill)
'
fault.*
done or intended.
It is used, therefore, with words signifying
Maggam dehi rahno
1) give, share out, and assign
:
room
2)
'
make
tut/ham avikaromi
'
tasaa abruvi
said to
him
*
;
lord.*
4) In an infinitive sense
the world.'
'
:
lokdnukampdya
out of pity to
The 'from'
case.
is
As
vd natthi 'than
Also
complished.'
instrumental.
The
in
off';
ablative
purd
formation
formerly,'
drd
so
his arriving.*
The case relation is
[sdmi].
an adjectival one, out of which all other uses arise.
It is to a great extent interchangeable with IV) the
of passion*
t<u%a
Thus we
in' case.
find a locative
DECLENSION OF NOUNS.
rudato ddrakassa or rudantasmim darake
Evam
'
'
29
'
was crying
having
In connection with verbs and substantives denoting either
;
vutfe
said thus.'
we
notice upa
and
Buddho
Buddha
is
shall
now
declensions, of
I.
II.
DECLENSION OF NOUNS.
I.
"We
locative is used
different
Stems in vowels.
Stems in consonants.
We shall mark those forms which belong to the pronominal declension with f, those which are taken from
another declension with *, obsolete forms with
:{:.
STEMS IN YOWELS.
Masculine and Neuters in
a.
Dhamma.
SINGULAR.
PLURAL.
Nom. dhammo
Voc. dhamma dhammd
Ace. dhammam
Instr.
dhammena
dhamma
dhamma
dhamme
J dhammase
vinaycL
dhammehhi dhammehi
dhammdnam
dhammassa
Dat.
dhamtndya
Abl.
dhammd fdhammasmd
t dhammamhd
dhamynebhi dhammehi
Gen.
dhammassa
dhammdnam
Loc.
dhamme f dhammasmhn
fdhammamhi
dhammcsu
\
30
STEMS IN VOWELS.
31
SIN'OVLAB.
Ahl.
Gen.
Loc.
aggino
The
voc. sing, of
to Sanskrit rshe.
From muni
Of
occur
ddi
isi
a sage
*a recluse' the
'
'
starting-point
aggibhi
agglhi
agglnam
aggissa
'
agglsu
occurs as
loc. sing,
uy
corresponding
occurs as mune.
ado,
f ddismim.
The neuters
paradigm
aithi
in
*
a bone
'
will be given.
in.
As
PALI GRAMMAR.
32
PLIRAL.
SINGULAR.
Dat.
nadyd
nadiyd
nadlnam
najja
nadihi
Abl.
nadlhhi
Gen.
nadlnam
Loc.
The
nadiyani
nadiyd
loc. sing,
of
itthi, thl
woman/
following forms
nadlsu
najjam
Bdmmsl
is
given as Bdrdnasim.
corresponding to Skr.
shows the
PLURAL.
SINGULAR.
Nom.
strl,
itthi
Voc.
itihl
Ace.
itthim
thl
itthlyo
thl
itthlyo
itthiyam
itthi
thiyo
* itthi
thiyo
* itthi
*
itthlyo
Instr.
itthiyd
thiyam
itthlbhi
Dat.
itthiyd
thiyam
itthinam
thlnam
itthlhi
itthlhi
Abl.
itthiyd
thiyam
itthlbhi
Gen.
itthiyd
thiyam
itthinam
thlnam
Loc.
itthiyam
itthiyd
itthlsu
thlsu
Declension in
u.
Bhikkhu.
SINGULAR.
Nom.
bhikkhu
bhikkhavo
Yoc.
bhikkhu
bhikkhavo
bhikkhave
bhikkhiim
bhikkhu
Ace.
bhikkhu
* bhikkhavo
Instr.
bhikkhund
Dat.
* bhikkhuno
Abl.
bhikkhuno
Gen.
t bhikkhumhd
bhikkhuno * bhikkhussa
bhikkhunam
Loc.
t bhikkhusmim f bhikkhumhi
bhikkhusu
bhikkhuhi
* bhikkhussa
t bhikkhusmd
We have in adverbial
bhikkhu
bhikkhubhi
bhikkhunam
bhikkhubhi
bhikkhuhi
bhikkhusu
hetu.
The
nom,
we
sabbatmu
abhibhu
sabbammno
abhibhuvo
abhibhuno
we have
:
also
STEMS IN CONSONANTS.
33
Feminines in
Jamhu.
8INOULAB.
&.
TALI GRAMMAR.
34
PLURAL.
SINGULAR.
Acc.
aatthdram
*8atthd.ro
satthare
*
Instr. aatthard * satthund aatthdrd satthdrebhi satthdrehi
* satthmsa
satthanam * satthdnam
Dat.
safthtt
*
*
mtthdrdnam
satthuno
Abl.
sat (hard
mtthdrd
Gen.
satthu
satthiissa
Loc.
satthari
With
sattharehhi * satthdrebhi
aatthatiam * satthdrdnam
* satthdnam
sattharesu
SINGULAR.
Nom.
pita
Voc.
pitd
Acc.
pitaram
Instr. pitard
Dat.
*satthdresu
PLURAL.
pitaro
pita
pitaro
*
pitare
*pitund
pituhhi
pitunnam
pitaro
*pituhi
pitHnam
pitarehhi
pitdnam
*pitardnam
Abl.
pituhhi
*pituhi
*pitarehhi
*pitareh,i
pitunnam pitunam
*pitardnam
pitusu
*pitusu
pitdnam
*pitare8u
STEMS IN CONSONANTS.
35
Nom.
sakhd
Voc.
sakhe
Ace.
sakhdram
Instr.
sakhind
Dat.
sakhissa
Abl.
sakhind
sakhi
sakhl
sakha
sakhd
sakhdyam
sakhdnam
sakham
sakhino
Gen.
sakhissa
Loc.
sakhe
Nom.
sakhdyo
sakhino
sakhdno
Voc.
sakhdyo
sakhino
sakhdno
Ace.
sakhl
sakhino
sakhdyo
Instr.
sakharehi
sakhdrehhi
sakhehi
Dat.
sakhinam
sakhdrdnam
Abl.
sakharehi
sakhdrehhi
sakhehi
Gen.
sakhardnflm
sakhdrdnam
sakhinam
Loc.
sakkhdresu
sakkhesu
II.
sakhino
Stems in Nasals.
sakhdno
PALI GRAMMAR.
36
The form
find
tltumd
Nom.
ace. plur.
Gen. and
dtum&no
dtumdnam.
dat. plur.
Brahman.
We
STEMS IN CONSONANTS.
37
PALI GRAMMAR.
38
class.
we
2)
SmOULAR
SmOULAB
UASC.
Nom. gnnavd
vanf.
NBTTT.
Ace.
gunavam
gunavam
*gimard *gunava
*
gunavantam gunavam
gunavam
Instr.
gunavatd
Dat.
gunavato
Abl.
gunavatd
Gen.
gunavato
Loc.
gunavati
Voc.
Instr.
gwiavantena
Nom.
Ace.
*gunavanto
gunavantassa
*
f gunavantasfnim -fgumvantamhi
*gu7iavante
gunavantehhi
gunavatam
Abl.
Gen.
gmiavatam
Loc.
gunavantesu
gunavassa
gunavantassa
*gunavante
gunavanto *gunavantd
Dat.
gunavassa
*
*
gunavanti
gunavantam
gunavanti
gunavantdni
gunavantehi
gmiavantdnam
gunavantehhi
*
gunavantdnam
The
is
with
gaccham or
Nom.
sing,
mahd
mahaw
'
venerable.*
*
mahanto
'
great*
STEMS IN CONSONANTS.
San/o P.P. to
atf/ii
'
to be.'
39
40
PALI GRAMMAR.
optionally in verses;
more frequent.
Notice nom. plur.
The word
asthi,
d'lpiyo,
'
to Skr. asthan
and
PALI GRAMMAR.
43
II.
DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS.
1)
Personal Pronouns.
DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS.
43
44
PALI ORAMMAB.
DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS.
3)
Relative Pronoun.
45
46
PA
NUMERALS.
47
'other';
aparo paro
visso
'all*;
NUMERALS.
20.
Cakdinals.
ekam
eko
ekd
2
3
4
dve
duve
panca
cha {chat)
satta
8
9
nava
10
dam
11
ekarasa
12
bdrasa
13
14
catvddasa
cuddasa
15
pancadasa
pannarasa
16
solasa
tayo
ubho (for
all
3 genders)
tint
tisso
cattdro {caturo)
catasso
cattdri
attha
ekddasa
dvddasa
tedasa
terasa
telasa
coddasa
sorasa
17
sattadasa
satlarasa
18
19
atthddasa
atthdrasa
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
risad
ekunavisam
ckunavlsati
visam
ekatlsati
ekavUam
dvdvlsati
bdvisafi
tevlmti
catuvisati
pancavUati
chabblsati
sattablaati
atthavlsam
sattavisati
pannarasa
PALI GRAMMAR.
48
Cardinal*.
29
30
31
32
40
ehunatimmm
timaa
ekatimsa
dvattimm
catfdlisam
tdlisam
50
60
70
80
90
100
200
1,000
ehunatimsati
timsati
cattdrlsam
talisa
pannasam
pannasa
pannasa
safthi
sattati
aslti
navuti
sfl^;,
bdmtam
dvdsatam
sahassam
10,000
dasasnhassam
nahiitam
100,000
satasahassam
lakkham
1,000,000
100,000,000
From
koti
dasamfasahassam
Icoti
upwards
eacli
saftddhikavlsa '27,'
denote the higher number, e.g.
7 exceeding 20 atthdramdhikam dvisatam *218.'
:
i.e.
pannavlsati
cuitdllsam
cattallsam
chappannasa
caturdsVi
ctd/dsiti
:
addhatiyo
paTicavisati
*1J';
addhateyyo
NUMERALS.
49
sata
'
'
\.'
To form the
multiplicatives khattum
16 times.'
is
used
ckakkhattum
once,' solasakkhattum
dasaddha'
catutthamso
e.g.
'
suffixes
ekadha
in one
'
way
ekasa 'one
by
one.*
sevenfold
'
'
'
atthangiko
eightfold
*
;
pancahgiko
fivefold.*
60
m
THE ORDINALS.
51
THE ORDINALS.
The
by means of
suffixes.
They
The
by
ordinals,
5,'
6,'
*5th'; dasamo
'
so/asawo
ekarlsatimo *2l8t';
',
timsatimo
is
and onwards up to
7,'
10i\i'
ma
*99,*
e.g.pancamo
ordinal
'
15th
pancadaso
23rd ; ekunatimso
'
'
pamiaw 50th
navido
The
we
find
an
'
'
'
vlso
;
'
29th
*
sattho
'
;
60th
20th
thmo
*
;
'
'
ekavlso
;
*
30th
sattato
'
;
2l8t
'
cattdhso
70th
'
;
aslto
ievlso
'
40th
'
80th
'
90th.'
is
satamo,
ordinals
is
ekddasi
pa/icadasl
21.
THE VERB.
PALI GRAMMAR.
62
*
i.e.
1) hhavddiy
having hhu
at the beginning.'
2) rudhddi.
3) diiadi.
4) svcidL
5) kiyadi.
6) tanadi.
7) curaiddi.
First class
The
root ending in
bhava.
1)
^bhu
To the
or
is
ti
root
'
'
'
'
is
inserted before
rundhati
y/riidh,
The
first
to restrain.*
The third
pdpundti.
The
kindti
The
'
buy
dhundti
tid to
*
to shake.'
The
root
endings
intransitive.
and
it
is
The attanopadam
very restricted in
is
its use,
therefore difficult to
every verb.
The
root
and
The
m^mmm
THE VERB.
53
Special tense
1) Present {vattdmdnd),
Optative
(sattami)
General tenses
1) Perfect (jparohkhd).
2)
Aorid
{ajjatanl).
3) Future (bhavtssantl).
4) Conditional (kdldtipatti)
The general
tenses often
tenses,
A verb
changing
daddti, deti
*
vajjeti
its
meaning,
and
dajjati
titthati
to give
and
thdti
to stand
'
;
'
;
and
to speak.'
'
'
"We
shall
PALI GRAMMAR.
64
IMPERATITB ATTANOPADAM.
niPBRATlTE rAEASSAPADAM.
mi
1)
hi
2)
2) tha
3) anfu
iu
3)
ma
1)
1)
2) asu
2) vho
3)
OPTATIVE PAUA8SAPADAM.
1) e
eyydmi
eyydma
1)
2) e eyydsi
2) eyydtha
3) c cyyrt
3)
1)
Verbs which
3) antam
OPTATIVE ATTANOPADAM.
<a;w
1) eyyam
2) e^Ao
3) e^Aa
eyywn
dmase
1) e
1)
eyydmhe
2) eyyavho
3) erawj
affix
intervening rowel.
2) Reduplicating class.
3)
Nasal
class.
4) a- class.
5) ya- class.
I.
of Sanskrit
grammar.
Through the
only occasionally.
We give as paradigms
^Jya
Plu.
\/i
Sing, emi
Plu. ema
ydmi
ydma
yd^i
ydtha
ydti
yanti
Sing,
etha
esi
eti
enti,
*
yanti
to lie down.'
The
dani occurs as
Sing, sete
Plur. sente
to protect
bhdti
'
are, vdti
'
to
blow
'
to shine.'
pdti
Besides the forms, according to the reduplicating class,
'
and thd * to stand/ we have deti fhati,
o( y/dd 'to give
which follow the analogy of ydti.
;
e.g.
aya, ava
PRESENT TENSE.
koti,
a contracted form of
66
b/tavati,
\/bhu
to exist,'
which
Plur. homa
Sing, homi
host
hotha
hoti
honti
y/bru 'to speak' exhibits besides the form braviiif a contracted form bruti.
Plur. brUma
Sing, brumi
The ATTANOPADAM
bmsi
brutha
bruti
bravanti
is
Plur. br&mhe
Sing, brave
JrMse
br-Avhe
JrS^e
bravante
of this division
is ^/as
amhi
Plur. asma
amha
Sing, asmi
asi
ahi
santi
atthi
and
to be.*
attha
V vac
to
vadati.
'
to strike.'
'
to milk.*
Reduplicating Class.
to the root.
the
first
2)
is
aspirate.
3)
*
The
//.^
substitution of the palatals for the gutturals shows that the vowel of the
was uiuformly an #, as in Greek.
reduplication syllabic
PALI GRAMMAR.
66
4)
A long vowel is
yjda to give.*
*
dadhdti, dahdti y/dhd to put.'
dadiifi,
titthdU, y/thd
*
to stand.'
to leave.'
jahdii, ^/hd
*
y/hu to sacrifice.*
*
or
pibati,
pivati ^pd to drink/ cpr. Lat. hihere.
conjugation is as follows :
jiihoti,
The
y/dd
Sing, dadami
daddsi
Plur.
damma
dattha
daddti
dadanti
new
plu. a
singular
was
This formation is
ya class.
according
probably due to the optative. The form deti was noticed
the
to
dajjati
above.
dade and
I.
y/thd
Sing, titthdmi
III.
Plur. titthdma
titthasi
tkdtha
titthati
titthanti
The Nasal
fourth, fifth
quoted, viz.
plur. daddmase.
Class
and sixth
In
it
we comprise
titthatha
grammarians.
stem
in
form
their
the
fourth and
present
by adding
They
sixth class no if the root ends in a vowel, o if in n, or as in
the case of karoti in
r.
As paradigms may
serve
'
y/su
Sing, aiinomi,
to hear.'
sundmi
suTiosi,
sunasi
sunoti,
smiati
Plur.
sundst
mnoma,
simdma
aunotha,
sunatha
siinanti
PRESENT TENSE.
In the same way y/tan 'to
the attanopadam occurs as
stretcli' is conjugated, of
'
to
Plur. tanumhe
tanme
tanuvhe
tanute
tanvante
'
in a kindmi.
to this class is
to make.'
Sing, karomi
karosi
kummi
karoti
Plur. karoma
karotha
karonti
Plur.
which
Sing, tanve
y/ht
67
^kar
PALI ORAMMAE.
68
A consonantal
stem
is
and
is
conjugated
rundhlmi
rundhisi
rundhati
rundhlti
Plur. rundhdma
rimdhlma
rundhatha
rundhltha
rundhanti
rundhinti
The
Cpr. further
hravlti.
the root.
to
All
grammarians.
applied, e.g.
22.
the
y are
\/div
-\-
ya
y/siv
-\-
ya
=
=
sihhati
y/yudh
-\-
ya
=.
yujjhati
dihhati
ending.
As paradigms may
serve
*
y/i
I. sing,
II.
III.
1
The
Sanskrit,
,,
emi
to go.'
I.
ehi
II.
etu
III.
plur. etna
etha
,,
entu
s/as
atthu
III.
'
\/da
II.
attha
III.
8antu
to give.*
use, e.g.
asma
I. plur.
ahi
II.
An
to be.*
sing, asmi
I.
59
all
the stems
in
dade
II.
dadassu
III.
dadatam
I. plur.
daddmase
dadavho
II.
dadantam
III.
'
II. sing,
III.
y/kr to make.'
II. plur. karotha
karohi
III.
karontu kuhhantu
kurufu
kuru
karotu
ATTANOPADAM.
sing, kuhhe
II.
kurussu
I.
I.
III.
plur. kubbdmase
II.
kurutam
III.
kuruvho
kubbantam
^Jbhu.
II. sing, bhava
III.
bhavdhi
bhavatu
III.
bhavantu
ATTANOPADAM.
II. plur. bhavavho
III.
bhavatam
III.
*
y/gam
bhavantam
to go.*
^.^7.
e.
y/bhu.
I. sing,
heyydmi, bhaveyya
bhave
huveyya,
I.
plur.
heyydma
60
GENERAL TENSES.
The endings
are
61
sing, a
I.
II.
II.
III.
III.
plur.
mha
I.
ttha
II.
sing, i
ttho
III.
ttha
mhe
vho
re
consonantal endings.
As paradigms may
serve
y/bhu.
I.
sing, bahhuva
I.
11.
babhuve
II.
III.
babhuca
III.
plur. babhuvimha
babhuvittha
babhuvu
ATTANOPADAM.
sing, babhuvi
babhuvittho
II.
II.
babhuvittha
III.
I.
III.
,,
1.
plur. babhuvimhe
babhuvivho
babhuvire
TALI GRAMMAR.
62
no
difference
Moreover,
can be made in the syntactic use of the two
tenses.
is
for
the
ATTANOPADAM.
I.
II.
sing, a
I.
,,
III.
plur.
amhd
attha
II.
III.
PAUA88AFADAU.
I. sing,
II.
III.
For the
im
I.
plur,
ttha
tthum
III.
aj/atani (aorist)
mhase
rham
11.
se
ATTANOPADAK.
I.
sing,
im
I.
plur.
II.
II.
III.
tm
III.
imhd
tttha
inisu
PARA88APADAM.
I. sing,
II.
I.
III.
plur. imhe
ivham
u
II.
ise
III.
the metre.
With
md
the aorist
is
used
as an imperative.
First Formation.
PA&AS8APADAM.
I. sing,
II.
III.
am
I. plur.
a,
amha
attha
II.
III.
urn
ATTANOPADAX.
I.
I. sing.
II.
III.
The
first
pcrs. sing.
plur.
dmhase
acham
atthum
III.
attha
nasal in the
plur.
II.
ase
is
often omitted.
Only verbs
63
in consonants
this formation.
be considered as an imperfect
stem.
if it is
Second Formation.
isum
G4[
III.
II.
agancho
III.
agaTichi
and III.
sing, agacchiai
y/vac.
I.
65
agailchimm
PALI GRAMMAR.
66
25.
The
FUTUEE.
CONDITIONAL.
In the same way
eti
'
to
67
has, besides
go
the
future
essatiy ehiti.
II.
III.
I.
hoti
plur. hema,
hissdma.
II.
hetha,
hehittha,
hohittha^
hessatha,
hehissafha,
hohissatha.
III.
From
att.
y/su
'
to hear
future
att.
sussam,
^dd
dassati
and
dassam,
26.
Prom
CONDITIONAL.
prefixing the
augment
is
made an augment
preterite
by
I. sing,
II.
ssam
{ssa)
II.
ssd (ssa)
III.
8se
III.
I.
plur.
ssdmhd
ssatha
ssamsu
ATTANOPADAM.
I.
sing, ssam
I.
II.
ssase
II.
III.
III.
ssatha
plur. ssdmhase
ssavhe
ssitmu
or without intervening
/.
PARASSAPADAM.
I.
sing, abhavissam
I.
II.
abhavissa
88e
II.
III.
abhavma
88d
III.
plur. ahhavissdtnhd
abhavissatha
abhavissamsu
ATTANOPADAM.
I. sing,
II.
III.
abhavissam
I.
abhavissase
II.
abhavissatha
III.
plur. abhavissdmhase
abhavmavhe
abhavmiiMU
PALI GRAMMAR.
68
27.
The
DERIVATIVE CONJUGATION.
derivative conjugation
headings
I. Passive: It
may
be divided under
five
is
to the
weakest
The endings
form.
from y/vac
iicchate vuccati
e.g.
from
*to
\/va8
dwell.'
to speak
'
;
vussati
*
kayirati are given as passive to karoti.
dlyati from y/dd to
*
to stand'; gamynte, gamiyaii
give*; thlyate from \/thd
gacclnyate
'
to take.'
II.
^J
gam
to
'
go
The Intensive or
Frequentative
Its conjugation
reduplication.
second conjugational
the reduplication,
class,
formed
is
by
is
however,
is
peculiar.
The reduplicating syllable is composed of a single consonant with a heavy vowel Idlappaii to lament
ddddallati
'
'
to blaze.*
any
consonant
other
cankamati
jahgamati
cahcalati.
Some
consonants.
roots
traction of reduplication
for
a causative
this is
Tlie native
root.
seventh
69
class.
added
to the root.
to be traced.
If contracted into
first
e,
conjugational class;
to
'
go
*
gacchdpetiy gacchapayati
V. Denominatives
The
a denominative.
'
e.g.
ciceitdyati
From
sufiixes
'
piittlyati
'
to splash
'
1)
to kill
to treat as a son.'
28.
and
yjhan
anta,
formed by the
is
suffixes at
gaccham (see above, page 38). In the same way these suffixes
are added to the future stem, to form 2) Participle Future.
In the same way the suffixes mdna and dna are used for
the Present Participle Attanopada.
Of
the
take place
kato
'
'
touched
shaven
5)
made
'
*
;
'
;
From
'
laddho
dinuo
the
'
'
gone
gato
taken
'
;
vutto
icchito
wished
'
spoken
vapifo
phuttho
and
vufto
given.*
Past
Participle
Passive
is
formed a
Active
hutavd hutavanlo
'
PALI GRAMMAR.
70
ought to bo done
be given.*
to
ought
that
Gerunds
that
III.
ya tvdna
between root and ending.
Sometimes the
suffixes
ya and tvd
and
datfhu
disvd
having
having known.'
having thrown.*
'
dhacca
dhanitrd
pappuyya
pdpayitcd
seen.'
anuviditvd
anuvicca
having obtained.'
having laid aside.'
vineyya
vinayitvd
*
having given.*
having made.*
gayha, ganhiya, ganhitvd having taken.*
katvdna, kdiuna
'
IV. Infinitives
They are formed by the suffixes turn
The infinitive can be formed from the
and
tave,
rarely tuye.
or
from
the root
in both cases an i is
special base,
:
arbitrarily inserted
*
to
e.g. gantum
*
speak
*
;
laddhiim
go
sunitum and aotave to hear
up
ganetuye
to take
*
;
vaditum
'
*
;
vippahatave
to
to give
to count.'
29.
INDECLINABLES.
I.
Adverbs.
also to
INDECLINABLES.
Most of these
sufl&xes
71
and the
1)
to
which
word
It gives to the
tas.
it is
also a local.
and nouns.
'
here
tato
From prepositions
From noun and
2)
3)
pitthito
'
Adverbs of a
II.
This tra
is
(page 16).
'
abhito
t/ato
near
from what
'
parato
'
etc.
further.*
on the
from the back
dalikhinato
'
*
;
pitito
tra.
either
preserved or assimilated to
It
Examples are
is
or ttha
ita
'
'
'
there
'
elsewhere
kutra and
'
ubha-
The forms
also
taham, tahwi
III.
suffix
*
as
'
there
'
*
;
yahini
where.'
'
annathd
By
'
in another way.*
means of the suffix
extensively
used
in
ti
cases
or Hi.
of
This adverb
indirect
is
very
of
or
narrative,
eva
'
and
thus
'
;
and
va.
yera, heca
'
'
kiva how ?
just,
even
'
;
evam related
of iva
to
suflix
dd
em
:
PALI GRAMMAR.
72
*
when
'
hadd
whenever
ya</d
and sabbadd
sadd
'
always.*
*
means of the
By
3.
seldom etarhi
'
now
'
now
iddni, iddnim
tarahi
'
ddnim
ddni,
taddni, taddnim
etarahi,
rhi)
for
then.*
and
then.*
By
everywhere.*
used with the same sense
'
sabbadhd
suffix d/ii
'
'
'
greatly
atthaao
fives
by
paTicaso
akkharaso
letter
by
letter
'
;
'
'
'
here.'
Compounded with
then after
id
saccam
we have
*
analogy noce
false
in truth
*
;
if
cid=.ca-\-id: ce 'even,*
not
'
instead of
rattam
'
niccam
'
'
raho
always
ciram
and
tie.
at night
'
long
bhlyo
'
again.'
As accusatives of
to a period
anterior to Pali.
e.g.
'
speedily
sammd
2)
'
ittn/ii
silently
alam
'
enough
'
fully
ac^jju
instantly
The Instrumental
in
the evening
'
;
sdyam
'
isam
*
;
aram
*
'
mutually
little.'
INDECLINABLES.
73
cirena
3)
The Dative
*
'
hitdya
The Ablative
used adverbially,
durd, drd far off
is less
for a
cirdya
e.g.
benefit
4)
It
sense,
'
e.g.
'
'
'
'
heithd
'
why
6)
'
cirassa
long
The Locative
on the earth
dre,
hetu
Forms
'
;
dure
and
heto
'
on account
of.'
e.g.
hhuvi
after.'
II. Prepositions.
Put
t adhi
ajn
'
abhi
ud
'
tj5rt
upwards, above.'
less.'
below,
du 'hardly.'
nir * downwards.'
ni {nir)
'
outward.'
pa 'forward, onward.'
"^pati or pati
pard
'
'
pari
'
to.'
less than.'
towards.'
I*ALI
74
ri
apart, asunder.'
*
8am
8ti
To
GRAMMAR.
with, together.*
*well.*
'manifestly, close.'
*
tiro
across, beyond.'
*
pdtu manifestly.'
These are mainly used in composition with the verbs a,
hhuy kr.
and adverbs
and
marked
govern nouns. To
these must be added a few words, which are used like
modern prepositions and adverbs and only comparatively
seldom in combination with verbs and nouns, e.g.
All
of
the
above-mentioned
particles
adho
below.*
uddham ubbham
upwards.*
tiriyam 'across.*
pacchd 'behind.*
pararn 'beyond,
'
piird
bahi
'
after.*
before.'
outwards.'
rite 'except.*
vind
saha,
without.*
samam, saddhim
30.
'
with.*
COMPOUNDS.
COMPOUNDS.
75
has formed
Piili
prevail.
is
and which
itself,
compounds
common with
criterion is, if we
has in
it
sort of
Indian languages.
words compounded according to rules which are no more
in abeyance in Pali ; but even that does not prove con-
other
find
clusively that a
compound belongs
as
commonwealth
to the
Indian languages.
e.g.
Skr. pumlinga
pumalingam.
4) These compounds
classes
I.
'
may
The members
numerous.
declension of
e.g.
its
last
elaka-miga-sukara-
pakkhtno.
The gender
:
e.g.
is
its
constituents,
number denoted
to the
becomes a singular
mostly neuter.
hiriottappam
ndmarupam
ddUddsa^i
ahoratto,
=
=
=
hiri
ndmam
ddsi
ahoratti,
+
+
+
ottappam
rupam
ddso
ahoraftam
dhammddhammo, but
dhammddhammd.
also
kusalakusalamy
plural
Puma
pum of
:
or
collective.
a male
'
puma and
we have itthipumam male and female ;
the former
as a
infrequently
PALI GRAMMAR.
76
meaning,
e.g.
'
village
'
divase divase
'
again/
II.
Determinative Compounds
(fappurisa).
I.
can
They
of
Dependent Compounds.
be used
course
either
substantively or
adjectivel3%
'
'
'
feet
'
accharasambhavo
truthful
nam
'
'
descent from a
dhammadharo
'
'
nymph
for the
saccavadi
'
;
sarandgama'
for
thdlipakko
cooked in a
pot.'
'
a grandfather.*
sakhd
JRqjan,
(sak/ri), if employed as last members of a
all the forms known from the declension.
exhibit
compound,
pitdmaho
As
first
member
of a
compound
member
the
last
rq/d
only form allowed in
Kosalarujd king of Kosala.'
rqjabhayam fear from a king
Sometimes stems not in use as simple words are employed
'
'
is
'
COMPOUNDS.
77
II.
is
is
and mahat,
santo
are
Examples
all
'
'
'
'
'
kacchurakhasd
The
scab.'
commonly used
are
most
'
'
ana
'
with an army
ku as former part of
saseno
forms
the
takes
It
'
significant river
'
or,
an,
sa
badly
anano 'free
;
'
well done
'
;
ashamed.'
salajjo
and
frequently
as prior
kicd,
kadannam
'
ku, e.g.
bad food
kunnadl
'
;
kuditthi
an in'
wrong
view/
Closely related
the
to
Numeral Compounds
singular.
two cows
'
three robes
tlham
'
three days.*
They
pounds.
They are formed in joining prepositions and
adverbs to a noun, and are then used as abstracts, collectives,
pleasure
'
'
as
if
'
according to one's
'
but yathdrucito as liked, pleasant
yathdmato
'
'
'
dead
sampahdro
aampq/amam
wounding
yathdnicim
consciousness
*
;
apacdro
approach.*
PALI GRAMMAR.
78
may be
used adjectively,
*
free from
Bahuhbihi, e.g.
rltarago
'
a
man
from
free
but
puruso vltardgo
passion, an
passion ;
*
*
'
the
five
sorts
of
vision
but as an
arhat ; paTicacakkhu
;
called
*
epithet of the Buddha, pancacakkhit man possessing the five
'
*
*
but
sorts of vision ; anupubbam
regular succession
;
regular, successive*
destruction.*
anupubbo
'
name
of a book, a legend
*
conceit of Qw^evioriiy =.aham-\- aham.
or itivuttakam
'
ahamahamikam
HANDBOOK OF
II.
PALI.
CHRESTOMATHY.
Tatiyam
Tatiyam
Tatiyam
pi
pi
Dhammam
pi
saranam gacchami.
Sangham saranam gacchami.
SARANAGAMAXAM.
veramani sikkhjipadam.
Adinnadana veramani sikkhiipadain.
Abrahmacariya veramani sikkhapadam.
Musavada veramani sikkhapadam.
veramani
Sura-meraya-majja-pamudatthana
1) Paniitipata
2)
3)
4)
5)
sikkha-
padam.
6) Vikalabhojana veramani sikkhapadam.
na veramani sikkhapadam.
6
8AMANERAPANHA. DVATTIM8AKABA.
82
DASASIKKHAPADANI.
'
'
'
riipaiica."
Pafica niima
Cha nama
'
kim
kira ?
'Satta niima
kim
'
'
?
'
ajjhattikiini ayatanani.**
" Satta
bojjhahgii."
"
'
"
Nava
sattiiviisii."
" Dasah'
angehi samannagato araMti
'
vuccati ti."
SAMANERAPANHAM.
mamsam,
nahiiru,
kesa,
atthI,
lomii,
atthiminjii,
nakhii,
danta,
vakkam,
taco,
hadayam,
yakanara, kilomakam, pihakam, papphiisain, antam, antagunam, udariyam, karlsam, pittam, seraham, pubbo, lohitam,
sedo, raedo, assu,
vasii,
matthake matthaluhgan
DVATTIMSAKAEAM.
unhassa
paticchadanattham.
i|
1|
madaya na mandaniiya na
kayassa
thitiyii
nuggahaya
iti
vibhiisaniiya,
yiivadeva imassa
yiipanaya vihims(iparatiyii
puriinailca
brahmacariylL-
DASADHAMMASUTTA
PACCAVEKKHANA.
vedanam na
uppadessJimi, yairU. ca
me
83
bhavissati anavajjata
danam patisallanaramattham.
||3||
nam
patighataya abyapajjhaparamataysLti.
||4||
PACCAVEKKHANA.
saraayaip
Bhagava Siivatthiyam
Tatra kho
Anathapindikassa arame.
'
*
bhikkhavo
ti 'bhadante' ti.
bhikkhu
amantesi
Bhagava
Te bhikkhu Bhagavato paccassosum. Bhagava etad avoca
viharati
Jetavane
"Dasa
ime, bhikkhave,
dhamma
pabbajitena abhinham
Vevanuiyamhi ajjhupagato
ti
pabbajitena abhinham
pacca vekkhitabbam.
2) Parapatibaddha
vekkhitabbam.
ham
8)
tena
paccavekkhitabbam.
Eatham bhutassa me rattindiva vitipatantiti pabbaji-
abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
MAHAMANGALASUTTA.
84
9) Kacci
manku
raacarl puttho na
bhavissiiiuiti pabbajitena
abhinham
paccavekkhitubbara.
dasa
dhammu
pabbajitena abhinham
ti.
paccavekkhitabba
Idam avoca Bhagavii
bhasitam abhinandun
attamanii te bhikkhu
Bhagavato
ti.
DASADHAMMASITTTA.
Evam me
sutani
viharati
Jetavane
afinatara
devata
abhikkantiiyii
arame.
rattiya
Atha
kho
abhikkantavanna
utta-
||
1|
Asevana ca balanam,
Puja ca pujanlyanam
panditiinafica sevana,
:
||2||
Subhasita ca
*
||
||
1|
1|
||5||
||6||
||7||
RATANASUTTA.
*
Garavo ca
Tapo ca brahmacariya ca
Nibbana-sacchikiriya ca:
ari3'a8accana' dassanam
etam mangalam uttamam.'
||
8||
||9
1|
||10||
85
||
11
1|
II
MAHAMANGALASUTTAM.
||
Yam
kiiici
||2||
idaTn pi
||
1|
11
11
1|
BATANASUTTA.
86
Yam
samudhim
Ye
||
1|
yugani honti
dakkhineyya Sugatassa siivaka
etesu dinnjini mahapphalani.
idarn pi sanghe ratanam panltam
cattari etani
te
||
1|
Ye
amatam vigayha
idam
pi
||
1|
site siyii
||8
i|
Ye
ariya-saccani vibhavayanti
gam'bhlra-pannena sudesitani
||
1|
RATANASUTTA.
$7
idam
|j
idam
pi
||
11
1|
Varo
varaiifiu
anuttaro
idam
pi
1|
varado varaharo
dhammavaram
adesayl
||13||
bhavasmim
te khina-bija avirulhicchanda
nibbanti dhTra yathaj'am padlpo
idam
pi
||
1|
Tathiigatam deva-manussa-pujitam
||
15
1|
bhummani va yani va
antalikkhe
Tathagatam deva-manussa-pujitara
dhammam namassama suvatthi hotu.
l|16l|
KARANlYAMETTASUTTA.
88
bhummJini
yuni va antalikkho
Tathiigatain de vumanussa-puj itam
vii
sangbam namassuma
RATANA8UTTAM.
Karanlyara attbakusalena
mudu
anatimual.
||
1|
Santussako ca subbaro ca
appakicco ca sallabukavutti
santindriyo ca nipako ca
Na
ca kbuddara samiicare
yena
kiilci
vinnii pare
sukbino
vii
upavadeyyum
kbemino bontu
Ye
||2|
||4||
digbii
vii
ye mabantii
majjbimii
rassakii
Dittbii
ye va
vii
vii
anuku
tbillii. ||4||
adittbii
sabbe
sambbavesi
sattii
bbavantu
vii
sukkbitattii.
||
1|
Na
n&tlfiamannasa
Miitii yatbii
iiyusii
dukkbam
iccbeyya.
niyam puttam
ekaputtam anurakkbe
||6||
KIIANDHAPARITTA.
89
evam pi sabbabhutesu
manasam bhiivaye aparimanam.
||
1|
Mettafica sabbalokasmira
||8||
||9||
anupagamma
dassanena sampanno
etiti.
||
10
1|
karanIyamettasuttam.
Evam me
sutam
Ekam samayam
Bhagavji Savatthiyam
gava
hoti.
ten'
abhivadetvii
te
kalankato
"Na
ti.'
ha
nuna
so,
bhikkhu
cattari ahirajakuhTni
hi so, bhikkhave,
Katamani
kulain,
cattari
Eriipatham
ahirajakuUmi ?
ahirajakulam
kiilara
kuliini
Chabyaputtara
Sace hi
so,
na
kareyya."
Virupakkham
ahiraja-
ahiraja-
cattari ahiraja-
bhikkhave, bhikkhu
METTASUTTA.
90
na hi
80 bhikkhave
Anujiinami, bhikkhave,
cittena
pharitum
inailni cattiiri
ahimjakulani mettena
satthii
Viriipakkhehi
ca.
mil
||2||
ma
||
1|
bhuta ca kevala
kinci
papam agama
||4||
bhisarabu musika.
KHANDHAPARITTAM.
Evam me sutam
Jetavane
iisevitaya,
bhiivitaya,
2)
Sukham supati.
sukham patibujjhuti.
8)
na pitpakam supinam
1)
passati.
METTANISAMSAM.
91
vii
sattham va kamati.
mukhavanno vippasldati.
10) asammulho kalara karoti.
9)
bhikkhave,
cetovimuttiya
asevittiya
ti.
bhavitaya
susamaraddhaya
bhasitam abliinandunti.
METTASUTTAM.
piijito hoti
yo mittanam na dubhati.
||2|j
||3||
||4||
vandako pativandanara
yasokittinca pappoti yo mittanam na dubhati.
Pujako labhate
1|
||
1|
piijara
||6||
Aggi yatha
Gavo
||8||
MORAPARITTA.
92
Darlto pabbatiito
vil
||9||
||10||
METTANISAMSAM.
ekariijii
ha^rissa-vanno pathavippabhiiso,
tani tam namassarni harissavannam pat.havippabhiisam,
tay' ajja guttii
viharemu divasam.
||
1|
Imam
so parittam katvii,
moro
bodhiyii
!
||
||
carati esanu.
viharemu
rattirn.
||
3||
Imam
namo
so parittam katvii,
vimuttiyii
moro
\\4
|)
viisara akappayiti.
MORAPARITTA M.
Evam ne sutam : Ekam samayam Bhagavii Siivatthiyara
Tena kho pana
viharati, Jetavane Aniithapindikassa iiriime.
samayena Candiraii devaputto Riihuhii asurindena gahlto
hoti.
mano
imam
giithain abhiisi
CANDArARITTA.
*
Namo
03
Buddha-v!r* atthu
te
vippamutto
'si
sabbadhi
sambiidha-patipanno 'smi
tassa rae
saranam bhavati.'
||
1|
Tatbugatam arabantam
Candima saranam gato
Rabu
Candam pamuncassu
Buddbu lokanukampakati." ||2||
!
giitbaya ajjbabbiisi
**
Kin nu santaramiino
Eahu
'va
Candam pamuncasi
samviggarupo agamraa
kin nu bbito 'va
*
Sattadba
me
tittbasitl."
pbale
||3||
muddba
no ce munceyya Candiman
CANDAPARITTA
Evam me sutam
ti.
||4l|
..
Siivattbiyain
Narao
te
buddba
'si
vir*
atlbu
sabbadbi
vippamutto
sambadbapatipanno 'smi
tassa me saranam bbav&ti.'
II
II
SURIYAPARITTA.
94
Rahum
"
Tathiigatam arahantam
Suriyo saranam gato
"
mama Rahu
pamufica Suriyan
ti."
||3||
Sattadhii
me
phale
pe
muddha
Buddhagiithabhigito 'mhi
no ce muficeyya Suriyan
ti.' ||4||
SURIYAPARITTAM.
Evam me
bhikkhu
avoca
"
||
Siivatthiyam
Tatra kho
"bhadante" ti.
ariime.
Aniithapindikassa
bhikkhii jiraantesi "bhikkhavo"
Bhagava
te
sutam.
Jetavane
viharati
Bhagavato
paccassosum.
ti,
Bhagava
etad
II
Bhutapubbam,
ahosi.
bhikkhave,
samu-
devasura-sangiirao
devanam
pabbniho
indo deve Tiivatimse iimantesi
"
Sace, mjiristi, deviinam sangamagatanam uppajjeyya bhayam vji chambhitattam vii lomahamso vii mam eva tasmim
:
||
1|
DHAJAOGA PARITTA.
95
No
atha
pahlyissati. ||4||
No ce Varunassa
dhajaggam ullokeyyiitha,
Isadhajaggam ullokeyyiitha.
nassa hi vo devariijassa dhajaggam uUokayatara yam bhavissati
bhayam va chambhitattam va lomahamso va so
atha Isiiuassa
devariijassa
devarajassa
||5||
pahlyissati.
Tam kho
devanam indassa
vii
II
Tam
1|
kissa hetu ?
jj
giiragatiinam
lomahamso
vii
vii
mam
Iti pi so
vii
vijja-carana-
Mamam
bhayam
vii
ehipassiko
Dhammam hi vo
No
vii
ce
lomahamso va
dhammam
so pahlyissati.
||9||
reyyiitha.
DHAJAGGA TARITTA.
96
yissati. ||10||
hi,
TathcTgato
vltariigo vitadoso
ophahlyiti. ||11||
"Aranfie rukkha
miilevii sunfiagarevji
bhikkhavo
"
No
ce
atha
*'
Buddham
dhammam
si^'ii."
||
Evam
1|
j|
"
dhammam
Buddham sarantanam
bhikkhavo
bhayatn va chambhitattam
vii
1|
sanghanca
lomahamso na
hessa-
titi>||4ii
DHAJAGGA PARITTAM.
Evam me sutam
Ekam samayam
Bhagavii Riijagahe
'fiiinam pariniiya ti
no abhikkamo
"
ti.
MAnAKASSArABOJJHANGA.
97
1) Satisambojjharigo kho,
bhjlvito
baliullkato
maya saramad-akkhato
Kassapa,
abhinnaya
sambodhaya
nibbiinaya
samvattati.
2)
Dhammavicayasambojjhango
pe
nibbiinaya sam-
vattati.
pe
3) Viriyasambojjharigo
pe
4) Pitisarabojjhango
5)
Passaddhisambojjhango
6)
Samiidhisambojjhango
nibbaniiya samvattati.
nibbiiniiya samvattati.
nibbiiniiya samvattati.
pe
pe
nibbiiniiya samvattati.
7) TJpekhasambojjharigo
nibbiiniiya samvattati.
pe
Ime kho Kassapa satta boj jhangii maya sammiidakkhiita
attamano
iiyasmii
Mahiikassapo
MAHAKASSAPATTHERABOJJHANGAM.
The Mahdmoggalldnaithera hojjhahgam and the Mahdeundatthera hojjhahgam agree with the preceding sutta in all
but the name.
Evam me sutam
GIRIMANANDASUTTA.
98
sanna
Katame dasa
"
patippassambheyya.
sannii ?
Aniccasafina,
anattasanna,
adinavasanna,
asubhasannii,
vii iti
patisancikkhati
aniccara, vedanii anicca, sanna anicca, sahkharii
:
Rfipam
vinnanam aniccan
nakkhandhesu aniccanupassi
anicca,
aniccasanna.
||
Iti
imesu
viharati.
Ayam
ti.
anatta,
rupam
Ananda
1|
Cakkhum
paiicas' upiida-
vuccat'
mano
anatta,
viharati.
Ayam
vuccat'
Ananda
anattasanna.
||2||
page 82).
Iti imasmim kaye asubh&nupassl
Ananda asubhasanna. 3
i|
Katama
ca
Ananda
patisancikkhati.
viharati.
Ayam
vuccat*
1|
adlnavasafiria ?
Idh'
Ananda
pe
GIRIMANANDASUTTA.
99
bahu udlnavo
kiiyo,
iti
imasmim
visQcikii,
unbam,
imasmim
||
Katama
ca
Ayam
vuccat'
1|
Uppannam byapildavitakkam
viuodeti
pajabati,
Uppannam vihimsavitakkam
anabbavam gameti.
Uppannam uppanne papake akusale dbamme nidbiviiseti
pajabati vinodeti byantikaroti anabbavam gameti.
deti byantikaroti
Ayam
vuccat*
Ananda
pabanasaniia.
||5||
^an tL
Ayam
vuccat*
Ananda
viragasanna.
||6||
1|
ti.
GIRIMANANDASUTTA.
100
Katamii
Idh*
c'
cetaso
1|
II
II
Ananda anjipiinasati ?
Idh' Ananda bhikkhu arafinagato vu rukkhamiilagato va
sunnagiiragato \a. nlsldati pallankam abhujitva ujum kayam
Katatnii
panidhaya
c'
pariraukkham
satim
upatthapetva so sate va
Sabbakayam patisamvedl
Sabbakayam patisamvedl
assasissiimiti sikkhati.
passasissainiti sikkhati.
Passambhayam kayasankharam
Passambhayam kayasankharam
assasissiimiti sikkhati.
passasissamiti sikkhati.
Sukha- patisamvedl
assasissiimiti sikkhati.
Passambhayam cittasahkhiiram
Passambhayam cittasankhiiram
assasissiimiti sikkhati.
passasissiimiti sikkhati.
Abhippamodayam cittam
Abhippamodayam cittam
assasissiimiti sikkhati.
passasissiimiti sikkhati.
ATANATIYASUTTA.
101
Vimocayam
Ayam
vuccat'
Ananda
aniipiiniisati. ||10|j
imii
saiiuii
Atha
abhiisi.
Vutthahi
cayasraii
Girimanando
tamhii
iibiidhii
tatha
GIRIMANANDASUTTAM.
Ekam samayam
pabbate.
Bhagavii Riijagahe
Atha kho
cattiiro mahiiriijii
ATANATIYASUTTA.
102
kautavannii kevalakappam
Gijjhakutam obhasetva
yena
upasankamimsu upasankamitva Bhagavantam
abhiviidetvii ekamantam nisldimsu.
1
Te pi kho Yakkha app' ekacce Bhagavantam abhivadetva
ekamantam nisldimsu app' ekacce yena Bhagavata saddhim
sammodimsu saramodanlyara katham saranlyam vltisaretva
ekamantam nisldimsu; app' ekacce yena Bhagava ten' anjalim
panametva ekamantam nisldimsu app' ekacce niima gottam
savetva ekamantam nisldimsu app' ekacce tunhlbhuta eka-
Bhagava
ten'
fj
1|
hi,
uliinT
bhante, majjhima
bhante, nIca
hi,
Yakkha Bha-
||3||
veramaniya
dhammam
deseti."
||
1|
appativirata
musavjidii,
appativirata
sura-
seniisanjini patisevanti
appasaddani appanigghosani
upasakanam
phasuviharay^ti."
ATANATIYASUTTA.
kho Yessavano
tayam veliiyam
raahjirajii
imam
103
||6||
||1||
||2||
||
1|
||4||
Rahado
pi tattha
Yam
nam
iti
acikkhati jano.
||7||
Gandhabbiinam
adhipiiti
Dhatarattho
namaso
iti
1|
Buddham
Durato va
Namo
1|
||
Te ca
||
te puris&janfia
namo
te puris'
uttama
jinara vandjima
II
1111
Gotamam,
II
13
1|
||12j|
AT4NATIYASUTTA.
104'
Ito
sii
Yam
dukkhinJI
disam
disa. iti
nam
iicikkhati jano
II
14
1|
|j
17
||
1|
Yatha
Yassa
c'
II
maha
Kahado
Evam
Ito sa pacchimji
Yam
disam
1|
nam
iicikkhati jano
abhipiileti mahjinlja yasassi so
disii iti
ti
me sutam
I|21||
Te
||
Namo
te purisajanna,
namo
te puris*
1|
uttama
tasmii
evam vandemase
II23II
||24||
ATANATIYASUTTA.
IsTa te
bljarn pavapanti
Akattha-pakimam
105
na pi nlyanti nangala
siilim
paribhunjanti manussa.
I|25||
I|26||
II
27
II
tassa
rajino
II
28
II
Navanavatiyo
rajadhanl.
ti
pavuccati.
|j30||
Rahado
Kukutthaka
kullrakii
vane pokkharasataka.
||
32
1|
ATANATIYASUTTA.
106
Ito sa uttam disa
Yam
iti
nam
acikkhati jano,
1134
II
Te
capi
Buddham
Buddham
disvana
ildicca
bandhunam
Namo
te puris' ajafiua,
namo
te puris'
||36||
uttama
||
37
ti.
II
II
bhikkhussa va bhikkhuniya va
Tipjisakassa va upasikiiya v&
ayam Atanatiya rakkha suggabita bhavissati samatta pariyaputii tance amanusso Yakkho va
Yassa
kassaci,
marisa,
II
II
upanipajjeyya.
Nam
II
12
II
II
II
II
gantum.
II
1311
ATANATiyASUTTA.
107
amanussa
miirisa,
Api
rittum
pattam
pi
sise
Api
ssu
nam,
nikkujjeyyum
ssu
phiileyyum. ||14||
Santi hi, marisa, amanussa, candii, rudda, rabhasa, te n' eva
Magadhassa
Magadhassa purisakanam adiyanti na
raiino Magadhassa purisakanam adiyanti. Te kho te, marisa,
mahacora pi ranno Magadhassa avaruddha nama vuccanti.
Evam eva kho, marisa, santi hi amanussa canda, rudda,
rabhasa te n' eva maharajanam adiyanti na maharajanam,
purisakanam adiyanti, na maharajanam purisakanam adiTe kho 'te, marisa, amanussa avaruddha nama
yanti.
:
adiyanti
na
railiio
vuccanti.
Yo
hi
||16||
koci, marisa,
pe-||17||
Gandhabbo va Gandhabbi
Kumbhando va Kumbhandl
Nago va Naglnl va
padutthacitto
pe
pe
||
||
18
pe
20
1|
||19||
1|
Ayam Yakkho
Yakkho
vihimsati,
hetheti,
||
1|
Pajjipati
ATAXATIYASUTTA.
108
Siitsigiro
Gopjilo
Suppagedho ca
Ilirl
NettI ca Mandiyo
Dadhimukho Mani
saha.
II
23
Miiaicaro
II
mahii-
Handa ca'
diini
bahukaranlyati.
Yassa
diini
Atha kho
abhivadetva
yimsu.
Te
II
25
II
mayam
mayam
||26||
padakkhinam
tatth'
ev'
antaradha-
I|28||
pi
kho Yakkha
utthjiyasanji
yam katham
ev' antaradhiiyimsu.
antaradhayiinsu.
j|
bhasitam abhinandun
ti.
II
30
II
ATANATIYASUTTAM.
DHAMMACAKKA.
109
Ekam
viharati
Isipatane Migadaye.
vaggiye bhikkhu iimantese: 1
||
"Dve
'me,
1|
bhikkhave, anta
pabbajitena na
sevitabbiii.
Katarae dve?
th&nuyogodukkhoanariyoanatthasamhito;
etekhobhikkhave
patipadii Tathagatena
abhisarabuddha cakkhukarani nanakarani upasamaya abhi-
fiuiiya
sambodhaya nibbanaya
samvattati.'
||2
1|
nniiya
"
Idam kho
||3||
jati pi
maranam
pi
Idam kho
pana,
bhikkhave,
||4||
dukkhasamudayam
ariya-
vatanha.
||5||
||t>||
DHAMMACAKKA.
110
Idam kho
pada ariyasaccam.
Ayam
maggo
sammiisaraadhi.
ditthi
pubbe
nam
pe
dukkhara
ariyasaccan
ananussutesu
dhamraesu
Idam
udapadi.
seyyathidam samraa-
II
ti
me,
bhikkhave,
cakkhura udapiidi, ilii-
udapadi,
pafinu
udapiidi,
||
aloko
udapadi,
vijjii
i|8||
Tam kho
me,
||9||
pe
Tam kho
pahiitabban
kkhave
pan' idam
pahlnan
pe
pe
iiloko udapiidi.
Tam kho
katabban
ti
kkhave,
||
12
ti
me
bhi-
ti
me bhikkhave
1|
me
iiloko udapiidi.
pe
Idam dukkhanirodhagiimini
bhikkhave,
Tam
ariyasaccam
me, bhikkhave,
dukkhasamudayara
me bhikkhave
ti
ti
||10||
pe
||
13
1|
patipadii ariyasaccan
iiloko udapiidi.
||
14
ti
me,
1|
pan' idam
dukkhanirodhagiimini patipadii
ti me, bhikkhave,
bhavetabban
bhiivitan
pe
ariyasaccan
iiloko
ti me, bhikkhave,
pe
udapiidi. ||15||
Yiiva klvafica me, bhikkhave, iraesu catusu ariyasaccesu
evam
kho
nam na suvisuddham
ahosi
n'eva
tavaham
bhikkhave
HI
DHAMMACAKKA.
paccannasim.
ceto-vimutti,
II
18
me dassanam
ayam antimu
adapadi
Akuppa me
n'atthi dani punabbhavo
*
jati,
II
||
19
1|
Yam
ti
111711
Nanauca pana
ti/
sammusambodhim abhisambuddbo
anuttaram
nussiiya
samudaya-dhammam sabbam
kinci
dhamraanti.'
tarn
ayasraato
udapildi
nirodha-
||20||
va
1|
Yam a
deva
pe
TusitJi devji
pe
||24||
||25|j
Nimmanarati deva
||26||
pe
Paranimmitavasavattino deva
pe
.
Brahmaparisajja deva
Brahmapurohita deva
Mahiibrahraa deva
pe
pe
pe
Parittabha deva
pe
Appamanabha deva
Abhassara deva
31
||
pe
pe
||
33
Parittasubha deva
||28||
||29|j
30
||
1|
|j
||32li
1|
||34||
pe
deva
35
Appamanasubha
pe
Subhakinnii deva
I|36||
pe
.
||
Vehapphala deva
Asannasatta deva
Avihti deva
Attappa deva
Sudaasa deva
pe
pe
pe
pe
pe
39
||
||
||
1|
||40|(
||41
1|
37
38
II
1|
li
||27||
MAIIASAMAYASUTTA.
112
SudassT devil
pe
Akanitthii deva
pe
Evam Bhagavata
||42||
.
||43||
vii
ti.
||
44
1|
bbiivan
ti.
||45||
Iti hi'
namam
ahosi. ||47i|
DHAMMACAKKAM.
sutam
Sakkesu
bhikkhuKapilavatthusmim
sabbeh'
eva
bhikkhusatehi
saddhira
paficamattehi
sarighena
arahantehi dasahi ca lokadhiitiihi devatii yebhuyyeua sanni1
patita honti, Bhagavantam dassaniiya bhikkhusanghanca.
mahiivane
viharati
mahatii
||
1|
"
yebhuyyena
sannipatitii honti,
gavii
Bhagavantam
niina
mayam
Atha
dassa-
naya bhikkhu-sanghafica.
ten'
Yan
kho
tii
devata
||
pi
1|
puriso
MAHASAMAYASUTTA.
113
vato santike
imam gatham
"
abhasi
Mahasaraayo pavanasmim
deva-kaya samagata
AgatamhcT imam dhammasamayam
!
dakkhitaye aparajitasanghan"
ti.
||
1|
" Tatra
bhikkhavo samadahamsu
cittam attano ujukam akamsu
Sarathi va nettiini gahetva
"
indriyani rakkhanti pandita
ti. ||2||
imam gatham
santike
ti. ||3||
"
Ye
na
apayam
deham
manusam
Pahaya
"
ti.
devakayam paripuressanti
||
1|
"
bhikkhave, bhavissanti aniigatara addhanam arahanto sammasambuddha, tesam pi Bhagavantanam ete parama yeva
8
MAHASAMAYASUTTA.
114
"
mayham
eta-
II
AcikkhissJimi, bhikkhave
niimani, kitta-
devakJiyJinara
manasikarotha
bhiisissjimiti. ||6||
"
sum.
**
ti.
||7||
Ye
sitii
Puthu
assita
sihii
va
salllnii
lomaharasabhisambhuno
Bhiyo pauca-sate
Tato iimantayi
iiatvii
vane Kiipilavatthave.
Ill
||
Tesam
piitur
||2||
Ye
vo 'ham kittayissiimi
Sattasahassii
giriihi
anupubbaso.
||
1|
nam.
va-
||4||
1)5
1|
Satagirii ti-sahassil
Yakkhii
satii
Yakkhii
pe
pe
po
||6||
||7||
||
II
va-
Hg
MAHASAMAYASUTTA.
Kumbhiro Riijagahiko Vepullassa nivesanam,
Bhiyo nam satasahassam Yakkliunara payirupasati,
Kumbhiro Rajagahiko so p' iiga samitim vanara. ||9||
Puriraaiica disam
riijii
Dhatarattho tam
pasiisati
va-
nam. moil
pe
II
11
II
Putta pi tassa
pe
II
12
pasiisati
so.
1|
Uttarafica disam
Putta pi tassa
pe
||
13
il
Purimam disam
Ath^gu
Niibhasii
Naga Yesala
saha Tacchaka
II
16
j|
va-
MAHASAMAYASUTTA.
116
te vana-majjlia-pattii
||171l
verocanamaka
Rahubhaddam upagaraum
bhadante, bhikkhunam samitim
Samayo
nam.
dani,
va-
||18|(
Apo
II
Venhu
ca deva Sahall ca
Asama
ca duve
Yama
II
Khiddapadusika agu,
iigu
Manupadusikii
II
21
II
MAHASAMAYASUTTA.
Ath&gu Harayo
117
ye ca Lohitavasino
deva yasassino
devii
Das *ete
dasadhii kiiyii
pe
saraitim vanam.
||
22
II
II
23
II
II
24
II
Sukhii
pe
samitim vanam.
nama ca Asava
Nimmanaratino agu ath' agu Paranimmita
Das' ete dasadha kaya
samitim vanam.
pe
Larabitakii Liimasettha Joti
II
25
Sahassa Brahmalokanam
Mahabrahma
II
bhititthati
yasassl so.
II
27
II
II
II
||
29
1|
1|
II
ALAVAKASUMTA.
118
Te ca atappam akalrum
sutvii
Buddhassa sasanam.
Yitariigeh'
pi iujayum.
||
32
1|
i|33||
MAHASAMAYASUTTAM.
sutara
viharati Alavakassa
'
'
'
" 'Sadhavuso
"
ti.
Bhagava
pavisi.
'
'
yam
tarn karohi
"
ti.
ti."
AI.AVAKASUTTA.
" 'Na khviiham
yo
me
119
cittam
vii
khipeyya, hadayara
vii
padesu
gahetvji pjiram Gangiiya khipeyya.
"
avuso puccha yadu kankhasi
ti.
vii
phaleyya,
Api ca tvam
'
"Xim sMha
sukham avahati ?
Kimsu have siidhutaram rasaaam
ahu setthan ? " ti. 1
||
"
1|
sukham avahati,
Saecam have sadhutaram rasanam,
ahu setthan'" ti. ||2||
" Kathamsu
Kathamsu
dhammo
sucinno
tarati
titi?"||3||
"
Saddhaya
tarati
Viriyena dukkham
"
'
||4||
||
"
'
1|
socati.
"
||6|I
PARABHAVASUTTA.
120
sambuddham dhammassa
Naraassaraano
matan"
ti.
ca
sudham-
II7II
ALAVAKASUTTAM.
Evam me sutam
Ekam samayam
Bhagavii Savatthiyara
kappam Jetavanam
obhiisetva, yena Bhagava ten* upasankami upasahkaraitva Bhagavantam abhiviidetvii ekamantani atthasi, ekamantara thita kho sa devata Bhagavantam
gathaya ajjhabhasi.
**
mukham?"
**
Suvijiino
||i||
bhavam
Dhammakamo bhavam
hoti,
dhammadessi
parabha-
vo.'"||2||
Dutiyam Bhagava
kham?"||3||
"
Asant* assa
kham.'"
II
mu-
parabhavato
na kurute piyam
roceti
so pariibhavo
kim
dhammam
asantam
pathamo
bruhi
tam
mu-
parabhavato
II
"
Niddasill
sahJisTli anutthatii
alaso kodhapannjito,
" Iti
h'
etam
catuttham
Bhagavii
kham?"
1I7||
1|
ca yo naro
vijaniiraa
||
||6||
tatiyo so pariibhavo
bruhi
kim
pariibhavato
mu-
rARABHAVASUTTA.
"
"
Iti h*
etam
catuttho so parabhavo
vijaniiraa
kham?"
"
121
" Iti
etam vijanama
h'
chattham
"
"
||
paiicamo so parabhavo
bruhi
kim parabhavato
Bhagava
"kham?"
mu-
parabhavato
|!9||
Yo brahraanam
kam
'
kim
1|
mu-
1|11||
**
10
||12||
chattho so parabhavo
bruhi
kim parabhavato
mu-
kham?"||13||
"
tam iiatim
"
Iti h'
atimafineti,
etam vijanama
I|14||
sattamo so parabhavo
"
'
laddham
laddhara
"
kham.'
"
Iti h'
yo naro
mu-
parabhavato
||16*l|
etam vijanama
navamam
||
17
atthamo so parabhavo
bruhi
Bhagava
kham?"
*
vinaseti,
tam
kim parabhavato
mu-
1|
dasamam
Bhagava
kham?"
**
||
19
navamo
bruhi
so
||18||
parabhavo
kim
parabhavato
mu-
1|
na
supati,
||20||
VASALASUTTA.
122
" Iti
h' etam vijaniima
dasamo
ekiidasamam
Bhagavu
kham?"||21||
"
Iti h'
etam vijaniima
|l
'
Appabhogo
so
'dha
parjibhavato
mu-
ekiidasamo so parabhavo
briihi:
kirn
pariibhavato
mu-
1|
rajjam
"
kham.'
*
parabhavo
kim
vJi pi tadisam
"
tarn
issariyasmim thiipeti
||22||
pariibhavato mukham.'
dvadasamarn Bhagava
kham ?" 23
*'
so
:
"
'*
briihi
patthayati
24
||
tam
pariibhavato
mu-
1|
ti. ||25||
PARABHAVASUTTAM.
me sutam
Jetavane
piivisi.
nivasetvii pattaclvaram
Tena kho
iidiij'a
pand saraayena
||
1|
pindiiya cara-
||
Evam
vutte
etad avoca
1|
VASALASUTTA.
123
" * Junilsi
pana tvam briihmana, vasalam va vasala-karane
"
va dhamrae
ti.'
||4||
"Na
khvaham, bho Gotaraa, janjimi vasalam va vasalakarane vii dhamme ti. Sadhu me bhavam Gotamo tatha
dhammara
desetu
karane va
dhamme
"
Tena
bhasissami
vasala-
ti."
hi,
"
ti.'
||
"Evam bho"
(I
ti
gavato paccassosi.
||
11
Ekajam va dijam va
pi
II
II
Yo
iti.
jaiifia
vasalo
iti.
||2||
iti. ||3||
Yo
na
hi te
inam
atthiti, tarn
janna vasalo
iti. ||5||
patidissati
Yo mataram
vii
iti. ||8||
pahusanto na bharati,
Yo mataram
tarn
janna vasalo
iti.
||9
1|
Yo attham
||7||
iti.
||
10
1|
iti.
||
1111
VASALASUTTA.
124
Yo
katvii piipalcam
karamam
mam jafifiil
mji
'
ti
icchati
iti. ||12||
Yo
Yo
musavadena
Yo brahmanam
roseti vaca
anuam va
iti.
pi vanibbakara
||14||
na ca
deti,
tam janfia
vasalo
iti. ||15||
Yo
c'attanarn
samukkamse
||16||
parafica avajanati
iti.
17
||
1|
Yo buddbam
paribhiisati atba
Yo
ete
vasalo
iti. ||19||
patijiiniiti
kbo vasaladbamo
Na jacca
||18(|
va tassa savakam
tam janna
iti.
pakasitii.
||
20
1|
kammana
Tadamina
"
pi jantitba yatba
me 'dam
iti
||21||
nidassanam
vissuto. ||22[|
yam sudullabbam
Na nam
jiiti
nivjiresi
brabraalokQpapattiya,
mantabandbuno
25
Te ca papcsu kammesu abhinbain upadissare
dittb 'eva dbamrae garayhii sampariiye ca duggatim
"
na te jati nivareti duggacca garabaya va:
||26||
ajjbiiyakiikule jiita brahmanii
||
1|
kasIbharadvajasutta.
Na jacca
vasalo hoti,
kammana
Evam
vasalo hoti,
126
||27||
etad avoca
" *
'
||
li
VASALASUTTAM.
viharati Dakkhiniigirismiin
Ekanalayam brahmanagiime. 1
Tena kho pana samayena Kasibharadviijassa brahmanassa
||
1|
||2||
Atha kho Bhagava pubbanhasaraayam nivasetva patta-clvaram adaya yena Kaslbhilradvajassa brahmanassa kammanto,
ten' upasafikami.
3
Tena kho pana samayena Kasibhabrahmanassa
radviijassa
parivesana vattati. ||4|| Atha kho
||
1|
"Aham
pana
vii
nangalam
vii
ti.'
mayam
"
vii."
kasTbharadvajasutta.
126
ca vapitva ca bhunjiiiniti.'
"
briihraano
Bhagavantam gathaya
\\b\\
" Kassako
patijanasi na ca passama te kasim
kasino pucchito bruhi, yatha janemu te kasim."
"
vutthi, panfia
mano yottam,
sati
me
||
1|
yuga-nangalara
me
phiilapaeanam. ||2||
Kiiyagutto vacTgutto iihare udare yato
saccam karomi tiddtinam soraccam me pamocanam. ||3||
Tsii,
Viriyara
me dhura-dhorayham yogakkhemadhivahanam
Evam
socati.
||4||
"
etam kasim kasitvana sabbadukkba pamuccatiti.'
||5||
i|
"
Gathabhigltam me abhojaneyyam
sampassatam brahmana n' esa dhammo
gathabhigltam panudanti buddhii
"
sati, brahmana, vutti-r-esa.'
dhamme
"
1|
||6||
khin&savam kukkuccavupasantara
annena piiuena upatthahassu
"
kbettam hi tain punnapekhassa hotiti/
" Atha kassa c&hara bho Gotama
||7||
imam
payitsam dammiti."
tam, brahmana, passiirai sadevake loke
samarake sabrahmake sassamanabriihraaniya pajiiya sadeva*'
'
Na khvaham
manussaya,
||
|j
SACCAVIBHANOA.
nake udake
opililpesi.
Atha kho
127
udake pakkhitto
so piiyaso
sandliupiiyati
ciccitayati
pjiyiiso
udake pakkhitto
sampadhiipayati.
Atha kho
sampadhiipayati
evam
eva
so
||8||
Kaslbhiiradviijo briihmano
ten'
yena Bhagavii
vato piidesu sirasii nipatitvii Bhagavantam etad avoca
"
Abhikkantam, bho Gotama, abhikkantam, bho Gotama
jiito
seyyathapi bho Gotama nikkujjitam vii ukkujjeyya, patichannam va vivareyya, miilhassa va maggam acikkheyya,
andhakare va telapajjotam dhiireyya cakkhumanto rupani
Evam eva, bho Gotama, aneka pariyayena
dakkhintiti
:
dbammo pakiisito. Esaham bhagavantam Gotamam saranam gacchiimi dhammaiica bhikkhu-sanghailca. Labheyyarn
ahara bhoto Gotamassa santike pabbajjam labheyyarn upasampadan ti." 9
||
1|
pahitatto
atthiij'a
kulaputta
anutta-
sayam.
" Khlnii
naparam
jati,
vusitara brahmacariyam,
katam karanlyam,
||10||
KASIBHARADVAJASUTTAM.
gavato paccassosum.
II
1|
SACCAVIBHANGA.
128
"
bhikkhave,
Tathagatena,
arahatii
sammitsainbuddhena
Yad idam
patji
ti.
pafifia-
Katamesam catunnam
Dukkhanirodhagaiuinlpatipada
pe
pe
acikkhata
ariyasaccassa
.11211
pe
bhikkhave,
Tathagatena,
arahata
sammasambuddhena
yad
idam
pe.
"
imesam catunnam
acikkhata
ariyasaccanam
11311
Sari-
putto, bhikkhave, sotapatti-phale vineti ; Moggallano iittamatthe vineti ; Sariputto, bhikkhave, pahoti cattiiri ariyasaccjini vittharena
vibhajitura uttaniikiitun
ti.
II
1|
vii
kenaci
ariyasacciinaTn iicikkhatii
vii
lokasmim:
pe
II
1|
SACCAVIBHANOA.
129
Xatamesam catunnam ?
Dukkhassa ariyasaccassa ilcikkhata
pe
pe
Dukkhasamudayassa ariyasaccassa ticikkhata
Dukkhanirodhassa ariyasaccassa acikkhatu
pe
pe
dukkhara ariyasaccam ?
pi dukkhii, jarii pi dukkha, vyiidhi pi dukkha, maranam pi dukkhara, soka-parideva-dukkha-domanass-upayasa
dukkha yam p' iccham na labhati tarn pi dukkham, sanKataraa
" Jati
ca, avuso,
Ya
jati
Katama
Ya
ca avuso jara ?
jTranata,
Katama
ca avuso
maranam ?
Ya
Katama
Idam
avuso maranam.
vuccat'
||3||
ca avuso soko ?
Yo kho
tassa annatarannatarena
socanti
socanattam
avuso soko.
Katama
Yo kho
antosoko antoparisoko.
Ayam
vuccat'
||4||
ca iivuso paridevo ?
tassa annatarannatarena
paridevo
iidevo
paridevitattara.
Katama ca dukkham?
Yam
kho
iivuso
kayikam
II
dukkham
kiiyikam
1|
1|
Idam
kiiya-
vuccat'
SACCAVIBHANGA.
130
Katamu
Yam
^l^also domanossam P
kho avuso cetasikam dukkham cetasikam
ca
asiitam
Idam
ma-
vuccat*
II
Ayam
yaso.
II8II
Idam
sattiinam
pailcupadiiQakkhandhii dukkhii.
||
10
1|
SACCAVIBHANGA.
131
Idam
||7I|
Xatama
dukkbasamudayam ariyasaccam.
Katama
Yo
||
1|
tassa
Katama
saccam
Ayam
Katama
Yam
seyyatbidam
ca avuso sammadittbi ?
Katama
ca avuso
sammasankappo
Nekkbammasankappo
Ayam
kappo.
Katama
avibimsasan-
abyilpadasahkappo
vuccat' avuso
ca avuso
1|
sammasankappo.
sammavaca ?
II
II
Katama
ca avuso
sammakammanto ?
Katama
ca avuso samma-ajlvo.
jivikam
ajlvena
ajivo.
II
kappeti.
Ayam
II
Katama
ca avuso samraavayiimo ?
SACCAVIBHANGA.
182
dhammiinam
janeti
padahati.
thitiya
asammohiiya
Yedana vedananupassi
viharati
pe
atapl
atiipl
sampa-
abhijjha-
domanassam.
Citte
citt&nupassi
viharati
pe
atapl
abhijjhado-
manassam.
Dhamme dhammanupassi
Katama
1|
ca avuso sammiisamadhi ?
dhammehi
savitakkam
saviciiram
vivekajam
pitisukham
viharati.
pathamajjhjinam upasampajja
Vitakkaviciiranam vupasamii
cetaso
ajjhattam sampasiidanam
ekodibhiivam avitakkam avicJiram samadhijam piti-
viharati.
Pitiya ca
ti
tatiyajjhiinara
upasampajja
viharati.
Sukhassa ca
pahiinil
dukkhassa ca
pahiinji
pubbc ca soma-
Idam
saccam.
|j
10
11
ARUNAVATISUTTA.
133
dhammaoakkam
pavatti-
patthapata vivarana
pafinapata
ti.
11
kamman
II
vibhajana uttana-
II
te
bhikkhu ayas-
SACCAVIBHANGA.
Jetavane
viharati
II
1|
"
II
II
II
abosi
||
1|
Evam
Sikhissa
kiilo bbavissati."
||
1|
kbo
bbante
ti
ssosi. 11711
Atba kbo, bbikkbave, Sikbl Bhagavii Arabam Sammasambuddbo Abhibbu ca bhikkhu scyyathapi nama balavu
:
ARUNAVATISUTTA.
134
puriso
baham
vu
samraifljitam
baham
pasaritam
pasiireyya
va
sammifijeyya.
evara Arunavatiya rajadhaniya antarahita tasmim
||
II
Evam
brahmaloke paturahesum.
sammukhlbhute savako
satthari
dhammam
ca
nama
desessatiti. ||11||
Atha kho bhikkhave Sikhl BhagavJi Araham Sammasambuddho Abhibhum bhikkhum amantesi
"
Ujjhayanti kho te brahmana brahma ca brahmaparisa ca
acchariyam vata bho abbhutam vata
brahmaparisajjii ca
kathauhi nama satthari sammukhlbhute savako
bho
:
dhammam
desessatiti."
mattaya brahmaiica
so
Evam
kho
||
12
II
Abhibhu bhikkhu
Sikhissa Bhagavato Arahato Sammasambuddhassa patissutva
bhante
ti
dhammam
dissamiinena pi kayena
kayena
dhammam
desesi
bhikkhave
desesi adissamiinena pi
dissamiinena hetthimena upaddha-
||14||
Atha kho Abhibhil bhikkhQ Sikhira Bhagavantara Arahantam Sammasambuddham etad avoca
:
ARUNAVATISUTTA.
135
"
||
1|
Yo imasmim dhammavinaye
appamatto vihassati
dukkhassantam
karissatlti.
Pahaya jatisamsaram
||2||
Atha kho bhikkhave Sikhl ca Bhagava Araham Sammasambuddho Abhibhii ca bhikkhu brahmanca brahmaparisaiica
brahmaparisajje ca samvejetva seyyathapi nama balava puriso samminjitaip. va baham pasareyya pasaritam va baham
:
sammifijeyya
Arii-
||16||
Araham Sammasam-
II
19
II
thitassa
gathayo bhasamanassa
"
1|
vihassati
korissati tL
l|2||
DEVADAHASUTTA.
136
"
Evam kho mayam bhante assumha Abhibhussa bhikkhuno bmhmaloko thitassa gathilyo bhasamanassil ti.'" ||20||
"Siidhu, sildhu, bbikkhave, sadbu kho turahe bhikkhave
*
bhasamanassa
ti.
I|21||
attamana
te
bhikkhu Bhagavato
ti. ||22||
ARUNAVATISUTTAM.
sutam Ekam samayam Bhagava Sakkesu vihaDevadahan niima Sakyanam nigamo. Tatra kho Bhagava
bhikkhu amantesi
"Naham bhikkhave sabbe sanneva bhikkhiinam chasa
:
rati
phassilyatanesu
"Tarn
kissa
pamajjitum.
1|
appattamiinasii anuttarara yogakkheraam patthayamiinii viharanti ; nes&hara bhikkhave bhikkhiinam chasu phassiiya-
manoramii pi amanoramii
pi.
yam
araddham
hoti viri-
DEVADAHASUTTA.
137
kkhave, appamadassa phalam samphassa-miino tesam bhikkhilnam chasu phassayatanesu appamadena karanlyan ti
vadami.
||
||
Santi bhikkhave
amanorama
pi.
||
rama
manorama
pi
amano-
II
il
amanorama
manorama
pi
||
||
norama
pi
||
pi.
Tyassa
phussa
appamadena karanlyan
ti
vadami.
||
1|
Tatha
yam
kinci
cakkhunii rupam
nama
niraya.
anittharu-
passati
vijanati,
vijanati,
no kanta-
DEVADAHA8UTTA.
138
akantam rilpam
rupam.
pe
Yam
riiparatii,
dita
dukkhii
rupaviparinama-viraganirodha
rupasamubhikkhave
devamanussa viharanti.
Saddarama, bhikkhave,
pe
Gandharama, bhikkhave,
pe
Rasarama, bhikkhave,
pe
Photthabbiirama, bhikkhave,
Dhamraaramii,
bhikkhave,
pe
devamanussa
dhammarata
dhammasamudita
dhammaviparinama viraganirodha
kkha, bhikkhave, devamanussa viharanti. I|10||
du-
Gandhanam
pe
Kasanam
pe
Photthabbanam
pe
Idam vatva
ca Sugato
||11||
athaparam
DEVADAHASUTTA.
Ittha kanta
139
1|
Yattha ce
tam.
te nirujjhanti tarn
II2II
Sukham
1|
||4I|
1|
maggadhammassa
kovida.
||6||
Bhavaraga-paretebhi bhavayoganusaribhi
Ko nu
DEVADAHASUTTAM.
PARITTAM NITTHITAM.
i|
1|
A COLLECTION OF KAMMAVACAS.
I.
THE ORDINATION OF A
PRIEST.
'
'
'
'
Sunatu
me
titthahi
bhante sangho
'
!
Ndgo dyasmato
Tissassa upa-
sampadapekho.
auusaseyyam.
Sunasi Ndga
tarn
Evam tam
ti.
pucchissan
Santi te evarupa abadhii ?
*
Kuttham ? ' " Natthi bhante."
*
Gando r " Natthi bhante."
'
*
" Natthi
Kilaso ?
bhante."
*So8o?'
"
Natthi bhante."
" Natthi bhante."
?
'
Apamiiro
UPASAMPADA KAMMAVACA.
142
*
'
'
'
"
Ama bbante."
Ama bhante."
" Ama bhante."
Bhujisso* si P
"
Ama bhante."
Anano' si P
" Ama bhante."
Na' si rajabhato P
" Ama bhante."
Anuuiiato' si matapituhi ?*
" Ama bhante."
Paripunna-visati- vasso 'si P
" Ama bhante."
Paripunnan te patta-clvaram P'
"
Aham bhante Nago nama."
Kinnamo 'si P'
Manusso'
si P'
"
'
Puriso'
si P
me
Sunatu
P'
bhante
upasampadjipekho.
Ndgo
sangho
Anusittho so maya.
!
Tissassa
di/asmato
UUumpatu mam
Dutiyam pi bhante sangham upasampadam yacami Ullumpatu mam bhante sangho, anukampain upadaya
Tatiyara pi bhante sangham upasampadam yacami Ullum:
patu mam
Sunatu
bhante sangho,
me
anukampam upadaya
bhante sangho
Tissassa
vattabbam.
Santi te evarOpa abadha
'
" Natthi bhante."
'
P
:
Kutthain
'
Gando
Kilaso P
'
'SosoP'
*
P'
Apamaro
Manusso'
Puriso'
si
Bhujisso'
Anano'
'
si
P
si P
"
Ama bhante."
Ama bhante."
" Ama bhante.*
" Ama bhante."
"
'
si P
UPASAMPADA KAMMAVACA.
143
Na*
'
si
'
Kinnumo'
'
Ko namo te
si ?
"
Aham
'
upajjhayo
Tismtthero nama."
Sunatu
me
bhante sangho
Tissassa
upasampadapekho, parisuddho antarayikehi dhammehi, paripunn' assa patta-clvaram Ndgo sangham upasampadam yacati
dyasmatd Tissena upajjhayena.
Yadi sanghassa pattakallani sangho Ndgam upasampadeyya
dyasmatd Tissena upajjhayena.
Esd Natti :
Sunatu
Tissassa
me
sangho !
Ayam Nago ayasmato
upasampadapekho parisuddho antarayikehi dham-
mehi paripunn'
dam
bhante
Sunatu
me
bhante sangho
Sunatu
me
bhante sangho
ayasmata Tissena upajjhayena. Sangho Nagara upasampaayasmata Tissena upajjhayena. Yassayasmato khamati
Nagassa upasampada ayasmata Tissena upajjhayena, so tunh'
assa.
Yassa na kkhamati so bhaseyya.
deti
UPASAMPADA KAMMAVACA.
144
Upasarapanno sarighena Niigo ayasmatii Tissena upajjhiitasmu tunhi evam etain dhurayena khamati saughassa
:
yainiti.
Tiivadeva
chiiyji
metabbii
Utupamiinam iicikkhitabbam
Divasabhjlgo iicikkhitabbo
Sahgiti ucikkbitabba.
"
bhante.""
*'
Rukkhamulasendsanam
3)
nissdya
pahhajjd
tattha
te
Atirekalabho
viharo addha" " Ama bbante " "
hammiyam,
guba."
yogo, pasiido,
"
Putimuttabhesajjam nissdya pahhajjd tattha te yava4)
Atirekalabho
ussabo
Sappi, navanitam,
karanlyo.
jlvam
" " Ama bhante " "
telam, madbu, phanitam."
yavajivain ussabo karanlyo.
"
1)
Yo bhikkhu methunam
iabho antamaso tiracchdnagatdya pi.
dhammam patisevati assamano hoti asakyaputtiyo. Seyyathiipi
niima
nena
jivitura,
Ama
bhante
" "
"
sahkhatam
adiyati,
TICIVARENA AVIPPAVASA.
adinnam theyyasankhutam
Tan
puttiyo.
bhante!""
"
3)
te
145
yavajlvam
Upasampannena hhikkhuna
sanclcca pdnojlvitcL
petabbo antamaso
"
**
akaranlyam."
Ama
na voro-
Yo bhikkhu
kHnthakipillikam updddya
raanussaviggaham jlvitii voropeti antamaso gabbhapatanam upadiiya assamano hoti asakyaputtiyo, Seyyathapi
nama puthu sila dvedha bhinna appatisandhika hoti, evam eva
bhikkhu sancicca manussaviggaham jivita voropetva assamano
sailcicca
hoti, asakyaputtiyo.
Tan
te
yavajlvam akaranlyam."
" "Ama
bhante.""
"
asakyaputtiyo.
Tan
te
yavajlvam akaranlyam."
""
Ama
bhante.""
Chap.
II.
Sunatu
Esd
natti
me
bhante sangho
Yo so sanghena ticivarena
tam
ticivarena avippavasam
avippavaso sammato, sangho
samuhanati. Yass4yasmato khamati etassa ticivarena avippa-
Sunatu
10
XJPOSATHA KAMMAVACA.
146
Yassa na kkhamati so
tui'ibl
avippaviiso.
Chap. III.
nnitii
Esd mtti:
Suniltu rae bbante sangbo
yii
sa
Yassayasmato kbamati
simaya samanasamva-
etissii
Yassa na
ek' uposatbaya samuggbato so tunb' assa.
kkbamati, so bbiiseyya. Samubatii sa slmii sangbena samanasjiya
etam
*
Kbamati sangbassa
dhiirayiimiti.
Eso
piisiino
anudisiiya
kin
nimittam
piisiino
nimittam
'
" Pasiino
Eso
'
bbante!"
Eso piisiino nimittam
evam
'
nimittam
Purattbimiiya
?'
tasmii tunbl
"
Piisiino
bbante
"
!
'
!
'
*
*
?'
'
'
Eso
piisiino
nimittam
'
!
*'
Piisiino
bbante
"
!
KATHINA KAMMAVACA.
'TJttariiya anudisiiya kin
"
nimittam?*
147
Pasano bhante
!'*
'
kittitii
YuvatJi samanta
nimitta
mtti
ek' uposatham.
Sammata
sa sIma
gamanca gamupacaranca.
evam etam dharayamiti.
Chap. IV.
KATHINA KAMMAVACA.
148
JEsd mtiL
Sunatu me bhante sangho
Idam sanghassa kathinadussam uppannam. Sangho imam kuthinadussam itthannamassa bhikkhuno deli kuthinam attharitum. Yass&yasmato
khamati iraassa kathinadussassa itthannamassa bhikkhuno
dilnam kathinam attharitum so tunh' assa. Yassa na kkhamati 80 bhaseyj'a. Dinnam idam sahghena kathinadussam
itthannamassa bhikkhuno kathinam attharitum.
Khamati
tasma
etam
evam
tunhi,
sanghassa,
dharayamlti.
!
" "
varam demii
ti diitum vattatiti
" " Attharakena bhikkhuna
kamo
attharitu
sace
sanghatiya
kathinam
paccuddharitabba
nava sanghati adhitthatabba, "imiiya sanghatiya kathinain
Tena kathinattharakena
attharamiti," vaca bhinditabbii.
hoti,
poranika sahghjiti
nattharo
anumodama
ti
""
me bhante sangho
kathinam
sangho
uddhareyya.
SunJitu
Ead
hatii
seyya.
THERA-SAMMUTI-NAMASAMMUTTI.
149
Chap. V.
THE ELECTION OF A
Aham
soham,
PRIEST.
bhante itthannamam
thera-sammutim iccharai
itthannamam therasammutirn
bhante,
sangham
Dutiyam pi yacapetva, tatiyam pi yacapetva
byattena bhikkhuna patibalena sarigho iiapetabbo
Sunatu me bhante sangho
ayam itthannatno bhikkha
sangham itthannamam therasammutirn yacati. Yadi sanghassa pattakallam sangho itthannamassa bhikkhuno itthan!
yacarai
namam
Esd
therasammutirn dadeyya.
natti
me
bhante sangho
Ayam itthannamo bhikkhu
sangham itthannamam therasammutirn yacati, sangho itthannamassa bhikkhuno itthannamam therasammutirn deti. YasslLyasmato khamati itthannamassa bhikkhuno itthannamam
therasammutiya danam, so tunh' assa. Yassa na kkhamati
so bhaseyya.
Dinna sanghena itthannamassa bhikkhuno
itthannamam therasammuti khamati sanghassa tasma tunhi
evam etam dharayamiti.
Sunatu
Chap. YI.
sangham
itthannamam namasammutim
yacamiti.
namasammutim dadeyya.
End
natti
VIHARA KAMMAVACA.
150
Sunatu
me bhante sangho
sangbam
mati so bhiiseyya.
dbiirayamiti.
Evam kammavacam
databbo
ti.
Chap. VII.
Esd
natti
me
bbante sangbo
HANDBOOK OF
III.
GLOSSARY.
PALI.
GLOSSARY.
ajjhattarh (adv.), relating to the in-
dividual.
tion.
not ploughed.
(adj.),
AJJHAYAKO,
ANJALI (m.),
a preceptor.
the hollow of the
joined hands.
able.
thet of the
a-kuppo
dhamma), immediate.
(adj.),
firm, immoveable.
of.
ANNO, other.
ATTO, a case,
a cause.
(adj.), eightfold.
atthamo, eighth.
akkha-dhutto, gambler.
akkhata (m.), one who tells.
ATTHI
a-kkhati, to
tell.
ATTHI'^"NJA
AKKHO,
AGGAM,
die.
ATTHO,
AGGI
(m.),
AGGO
limb
AJJA
ATI
marrow.
t.),
large hall.
(adv. and
to
come
(f.),
reason.
ANNAVO,
foremost.
tribute.
acceti,
APPHAYOGO (t.
anuko
fire.
(adj.), first,
ANGAM,
(n.),
to treat as a bone.
pass beyond,
to
over-
p. p. p. atito, past.
(adv.),
now, to-day.
ajjatagge, henceforward
AJJHAITAM,
individual thought.
[gant.
ati-mannati, to despise, to be arro-
ati-mant
(adj.),
proud.
ATIREKALABHO
allowance.
(t.
t.),
extra
GLOSSARY.
151
ATTA
(n.), self,
sion, see
A'lTHA
mind
(for declen-
Grammar).
(adv.), here.
ATTIIAM
[arice.
an-ariyo, ignoble.
anavajjata
(f.),
blamelessness.
an-avayho
not to be given in
(adj.),
marriage.
andkulo, untroubled.
Grammar).
a-thuso
an-abhirati, dissatisfaction.
(adj.), free
is
not
given.
ADDHANAM, a road
ADHAMO (adj.),
a long time.
lowest.
[less.
A-NICCO
from husk.
(adj.)
(t. t.),
perishable,
not lasting.
anittho (adj.), unpleasant.
ANU
(adv.
and
anu-kat/^ati, to recite.
anu-kampako, compassionate.
vowels ajjh.
anu-kampl, compassionate.
anu-jdndti, to permit
aor. ajjha-
anu-tthitati, to
an-uttaro
blidsi.
anuh-
(adj.),
make
to follow.
is
adhi-vahanath, carrying.
adhi-vdseti (cans.),
p. p. p.
adhi-bhdsati, to address
nato.
adhi-tthanam, resting-place.
ADHI-PATI
[accept.
consent, to
anudisd,
(f.),
an intermediate point
of the compass.
an-atto
(adj.),
self.
without
individu-
an-attha-samhito, profitless.
plating.
round.
anu-passi (adj.), looking at, contem-
ality, unreal.
(adj.),
unheard
anu-pubbaso
of.
ANA-BHAVO,
anu-ydti, to follow.
bhdvarh
non-existence; ana-
gacchatl,
nothing, to perish.
to
come
to
anu-rakkhati, to protect.
to.
GL088ART.
ANU-8AY0
anusari
repentance.
(t. t.),
(adj.), fullowing;.
156
APf, PI
a-pUuno
(adj.),
not calumnious.
anu-gdsati, to teach.
ap-eti, to
heard, to proclaim.
an-ejo (adj.), free
(adv.
O'ppamdno
mesentery.
(adj.), infinite.
and
prep.), within,
between, among.
antara-dhanam, disappearance.
antara-dhayati, to vanish, to hide
APPO
weak
small,
(adj.),
p. p. p. antarahito, vanished.
quently in composition.
abbh-ug-gacchati, to reach.
ANTARA- VASAKO
(t. t.),
garment worn by
under-
Buddhist
ANTALIKKHAM,
ANTO
sky, air.
last, final.
(adv.
inside
a-bhabbatd
a-bhabbo
priest.
ANTIMO,
and
(f.),
fre-
[sire.
of de-
non-liability.
(adj.), incapable.
abhl-kkanto
(p. p. p.),
abhikkamati,
advanced.
andha-koro, darkness.
ANNAM, food.
APAMARO, epilepsy.
a-pamuttho
(adj.),
not
abhi-kkamo, advancing.
left
behind.
(adj.),
immense, unde-
subsequent;
western.
a-pddako, having no
APAYO
(f.),
g^r. abhinnd.
covetousness.
abhi-t'ttthati, to surpass.
ABHITTHANAM
fined.
APARO
know
nbhijdndti, to
ABHIJJHA
a-pardjito, unconquered.
a-parimdno
be
united.
antamaso, even.
ANTARA
cannot
that
a-ppati-sandiko,
from desire.
ANTAM,
ANTAGUNAM,
go away.
d'adly
(t.
t.),
ABHINHAM
(adv.), repeatedly.
feet.
[going away],
hell.
crime,
sin.
ABHINIBBATTI
(f.)
l>e
pleased
(t.t.),
re-
IM
GLOSSARY.
avecca, gerund, of ava
guard, to keep.
abhi-paleti, to
abhi-ppa-modayam,
yj
i,
penetrate.
a-anto
a-ammoho
mount.
(adj.),
without infatua-
(adj.),
tion.
ASlTI
ASU
salute.
ah/ii-sameti, to penetrate.
(adj.),
a-inanapo
a-$ubho
uupleasing,
un-
a-manoramo
(adj.),
(adj.),
ASURO,
a-mitto, enemy.
ASNATI,
asiddo, tasting
forest.
(m.), a vener-
(adj.),
(adj.),
honourable, vener-
able, noble.
ARIYA-SACCAM
to eat.
;
(t. t.),
every.
[ness.
enjoyment, happi-
horse.
AHAM (pron.),
worth.
all,
ASSO,
able person.
from sorrow.
ARANNAM,
ARIYO
bad.
an asura.
a-so/co, free
unpleasant.
ARAHA ARAHAM
Gram-
(loc.), here.
pleasant.
ARAHO
that (see
tliis,
amumhi
immortal.
(adj.),
(num.), eighty.
(pron.),
mar)
a-mato
to
a-veram, fricudliuess.
rejoicing.
abhi-ramati, to delight.
abhi-ruhati, to
I (see
Grammar).
AH I (m.), a snake.
AHO (interjection).
sublime
truth.
ALAM (adv.),
ALASO
ALOKO,
be attached, to adhere.
(adj.),
being
addicted,
ad-
hering.
AVA
off;
a-kankhati, to desire.
intuition.
alliyati, to
alltko
A (prep.),
sufficient.
(adj.), idle.
d-gacchatiy to come.
a-cikkhati, to
tell,
and
and
(prep,
adv.), away,
down.
ava-ruddho
ajahno
d-jtvo,
ava-jdndti, to despise.
(adj.),
obstructed.
(adj.),
announce, to
livelihood,
ATAPO, sunshine.
ATAPI (adj.), ardent,
a-viddasu, ignorant.
a-ddti, to take
ADICCO,
AdINAVO,
a-vivayho
avihimaa
to
investigate.
(adj.),
(f.),
not marriageable.
mercy, humanity.
zealous.
pass, ddiyati.
the sun.
distress,
suffering
evil result.
W7
0L08SART.
AxAPAXAIVr
exhaled
t.),
(t.
inlniled
and
ANISAMSO,
AhARO,
a-huti
lireath.
offering.
ahuneyyo
advjintage, profit.
aiiub/iavava(At\j.), possessing
food.
(f.),
power.
shipful,
wor-
sacrificial,
(adj.),
worthy of
offerings.
home.
a-net't, to I)ring
ABADHO,
illness.
a-b/iujati, to
AMA
bend, to turn.
INGHA
INAM,
pray
ITTHO
A YATANAM (t.
ITI,
TI
lust.
be shaken.
debt.
a-manteti, to address.
[sphere.
t.), organs of sense ;
come
(interj.),
ICCHATI. to wish.
ICCHA, wish, desire,
INJATI, to move, to
[sant.
(adj.), desired,
good, plea-
(conj.), thus.
a-t/atiko, future.
ITTHATTAM,
AYASMA,
AYASO,
AYU
old, venerable.
despair.
ITTH I
(n.), life.
a-yuto
endowed with.
(adj.),
a-raddho
see
complished.
a-rahhati,
to
begin,
to exert oneself;
to
attempt,
ger. arabbha
araddho.
p. p. p.
present condition.
woman
(f.),
(for declension,
Grammar).
IDDHI
(f.)
t.),
(t.
supernatural
power.
iddhiko (adj.), possessed of iddhi
(supernatural power).
iddhimd, possessed of supernatural
power.
IDHA
a-varanam, covering.
avaso, abode.
INDO,
avahati, to convey.
INDRIYO
AVI
ISI, a priest
(see
Grammar).
king, chief.
(t. t.),
faculty.
maheai (idem).
iaaariyam, dominion.
;
ISSARO,
AVUSO
asanam, a
A-SAVO
human
master, chief.
seat.
(t.
I.
passion
khtnasavo, one in
Is A, pole of a plough.
uk-kujjeti, to set
ahanati, to strike.
Hg-gacchati, to
U.
up again.
rise.
GLOSSARY.
158
ug-gafihati, to rise, to
lift
np, to
ug-gamanath,
UPAJJHO,
rise.
UGGO,
violent.
UCCA
(indecl.),
preceptor.
upa-tthanam, attendance.
as Jirst
compounds high
high
learn.
part qf
uccdsayanath,
upaddho,
half, partial.
seat.
UC-CARO,
excrement.
UJU (adj.),
straight.
UPADHI
(t.
a substratum of
t.),
being.
upandmfiti (cans.), to
UPA-NAHl
UNNA-NABHI
UNHAM, heat.
UNHO
upa-ni-pajjati, to
f.
n.),
upa-pajjati, to
season.
ut-
highest,
(superl.),
supine
easy
open, evident,
adv.
northern.
uttdni
and
uttdnd, clearly.
away
proach.
UPASAMPADA (f.)
sampada
the upa-
(t. t.),
ordination.
for ordi-
UPADANAftl
(t.
t.),
clinging to
;
okhandhdf
and prep
anukam-
),
to
lift
near
up.
to
less.
UPEKHA
t.),
gamupacdro,
(f.),
indifference, equa-
nimity.
npekkhako,
;
a lay devotee.
below,
to ap-
to,
updydso, despair.
upwards.
upa-cdro, approach
upa-san-kamati, to go
come up.
(adv.
uppermost.
UPA
(adj.),
element of being.
udariyam, stomach.
UDANAM, solemn utterance.
UDDHAM,
uparimo
upa-vadati, to blame.
existence, attachment
outside, out.
UDAKAM, water.
UDARAM, belly.
ud-eti, to
to, to attain.
nation.
tion), above,
come
upasampaddpekho, wishing
ut-trasati, to tremble.
UD
to.
upamo, highest.
[most.
UTTARA-SANGO,
UTTANO,
down.
lie
mighty, great.
(adj.),
UTU (m.
UTTAMO
offer.
bearing hatred.
(m.), spider.
(adj.), hot.
UIjARO
(adj.),
resigfned, patient.
up-eti, to go, to
approach
pd^u-
OLOSSART.
UPOSATHIKAlCf
(t.
food
t.),
UPOSATHO
(t.
t.),
159
o-bhasati, to shine.
the Buddhist
o-bhaso, light.
Sabbnth-day.
down, deposited.
vp-pajjati, to arise.
K.
p. p. p. to uppajati.
uppanno,
UBBHARO=UDDHARO
(t. t.),
KANKHATI, to doubt.
KACCHURO, scab.
ul-lumpati, to
KATHINAM
rooting up.
lift
up.
(t.
a robe made
t.),
for
ussaho, exertion.
a Buddhist priest
K AT HI NO
E.
(adj.),
KANDU
(f.),
in a single
hard, solid.
itch.
calm, tranquil.
KANNO,
ear.
KANHO
(adj.),
eka-m-antam
katapuhnatd, meritorlousness.
ekaggo
(adj.),
(adv.), on one
(num.), one ; alone.
side.
EKO
EKO (adj.), single, solitary.
EKODIBHAVO (t. t.), unity,
per-
black, sinful.
which
(f.),
haps 'predominance.'
etarahi (adv.), now.
KAPPASIKAM, cotton.
KAPPIYO (adj.), fit, right, proper;
ETI,
(adj.),
seeking, desiring.
of the
dhamma).
KANTO
(a(^j.),
kappiyabhumi, a suitable
KAPPETI
o-kaso,
room, place.
O'kkanti
OGHO,
({.),
descent.
flood, torrent.
leading to perfection
(epithet of the dhamma).
opanayiko,
arrange.
KAPPO, time;
the whole
kevalakappo, whole.
to shake.
(f.),
kammanto,
calling.
conduct
kamyata
ODATO,
KARAI^AM, making.
KARlSAM, excrement.
white, pure.
occupntiuu,
work,
site.
KAMPATI,
O.
loved, agreeable.
({.),
desire.
GLOSSARY.
100
KARUIVA.
(f.),
KAROTI,
to
compassion.
make
piiy attention
to
mantuikaroti,
die
to
kalaiikaroti,
Grammar);
(see
anjalim
KALEBARAM, a corpse.
K AS ATI, to plough.
desire
lust, pasgion.
(f.),
KO
part.
KASO, a cough.
-KIM (adv.), why, pray?
(m.)
[complished.
one who is ac-
(t.t.),
whole, entire.
pron.),
(inter,
who ? which
Grammar).
(see
KODHO,
anger.
KOPlNAM,
pudenda.
it
silken stuff.
right.
KH.
KHANO, moment
what.
measure
(brief
of time).
khandiccam,
KINCIKKHAM,
KHATTIYO,
trifle.
KITTAYATI, kitteti,
KITTI (f.), fame.
KIPILLIKO, an
KILAMATHO,
to proclaim.
ant.
[tion.
fatigue, mortifica-
KiRAM, meat.
KlVA (adv.), how?
KUKUCCAM, misconduct.
KUKUTTHAKO, Phasiunus
a bird.
KUCCHI(f.),
belly.
elephant.
KUTTHAM, leprosy.
KUNTHO, an ant.
KUMARO, hoy.
girl.
state of
being broken.
warrior.
1. 1.
ele-
ment of being.
KHAMATI, to
endure
to forgive
to be approved.
skilful.
(t. t.),
(adj.),
((.),
a crab.
KOSEYYAM,
khhsu, what.
kumari
KU^JARO,
family
KOST.A, heron.
death.
lus,
family.
noble
koci, whosoever.
bhattakalo, meal-time.
KILASO,
of
hair.
what ?
KULlRAKO,
KESO,
kalakiriyd
high
herd
caste.
KEVALO
ploughing.
kayiko
kulaputto,
son
KEVALl
kassako, a ploughman.
KAMO, wish,
KAYO, body.
flock,
KUSALO (adj.)
KCLAM, rag.
kasi,
KULAIVI,
KHAYO,
KHARO,
KHASA
gal-
extinction, vanishing.
solid; harsh.
(f.),
scab.
KHIPATI, to throw.
KHIYATI, to decrease,
away;
to
KHILO,
to
waste
p. p. p. khijio.
a pin, a stake.
KHUDDO
KHURO,
murmur;
(adj.),
mean.
161
GLOSSARY.
KHEMAI!^,
safety,
well-being
KHEMO,
KHEMi
fern.
GUHA
(adj.),
GO
(m.
rock-cave.
(f.),
GEDHO,
yogakkhemam, nibbana.
greediness.
ox,
f.),
GOPATI,
to
p. p. p.
bind.
GABBHARO, a cleft.
GABBHO, womb, belly.
GAMBHiRO (adj.), deep.
accessible.
blame.
(f.),
parent, teacher.
GHARO,
nose.
GHAYATI,
to
village.
CA
CAKKHU
cakkhumd
reverence.
gavi, cow.
GIMHO,
GIRA,
hot season.
voice, speech.
GIRI, mountain.
GILATI,
to devour.
GILANO
OITAM,
singing, a song.
eyes,
catutthath,
for
cardinal
four
points.
CATTARO
(num.),
feet.
cataio
four;
cattari (n.).
CARANAM,
CARATI,
CAVATI,
heat.
GIMHANAM,
having
(adj.),
having insight,
((.),
GARAVO,
smeU.
C.
catud-disam,
stanza.
house.
GATHA,
(adj.), leading.
of
life
householder.
catuttho,
GAMO,
guard;
GHARAIVI, house.
garu-karo, respect.
GAHATTHO, a householder.
gamini
to
protect,
GHANAM,
gahito.
GARAHA
GARU (m.),
Grammar).
GH.
GANTHETI, to tie, to
GANDO, smell, odour.
(see
lineage.
G.
gammo,
cow
GOTTAlVr, famUy,
secure.
good conduct.
to go.
to
disappear
p. p. p.
cuto.
CAVANAlfl, disappearance,
CAGO,
liberality,
death.
self-sacrifice
abandoning.
CICCITAYATI,
CITTAM, mind.
to splash.
CINTETI,
to think.
11
162
6I.088ART.
CiVARAM,
CUTI,
JIVHA (f.),
JlRANAM,
robe.
disappearing, death.
JlRATI,
tongue.
to g-r()w ohl.
CORO,
JIVI
CETO,
mind.
tliief.
(adj.), living.
JUTI
CH.
CHA (num.),
JO,
'
CHATTHO, sixtli.
CHAPPETI, to tlirow
splendour
(f.),
sesf^ed
six.
life.
jutima, po8-
with splendour.
part of a compound
at last
arising from.'
away, to
JH.
renounce.
JHANAM
CHAYA
(f.),
CHINDATI,
shadow.
to cut off.
tion,
meditation.
formula.
^ANAM,
J.
(t. t.),
knowledge.
]SATAK0, a
relative.
Janapado, a country.
5^ATI, kinsman.
NAYO,
right method.
to produce.
p.
JANETTI, a mother.
JANO, man, person, being.
DAMSO,
JARA
PASATf,
(f.),
JARO,
JALATI, to bum.
JAHATf, to leave
PAHO,
fever.
JATARCPAM,
JATI
(f.),
JATU
XHANl
gold.
JIOHACCHA
jinnako
having
(adj.),
[duced.
bom,
(adj.), old.
having
breasts
THANAM,
standing.
THITI
(f.),
durability;
life.
to be pro-
T.
to dislike.
(f.),
breasts
know.
JAY ATI, to be
JALA (f.), flame.
p. p. p. dattho.
burning.
timbarutthani,
JIGUCCHATI,
TH.
birth.
to
to bite
behind.
(adv.), verily.
JANATI,
a gad-fly.
hunger.
TAOGHA
TACO,
(adv.), verily.
skin.
TANDULO,
rice
163
GLOSSARY.
TANHA
lust,
(f.),
maha-
desire;
tatiyo,
third
the
for
tatlyam,
third time.
TATRA
oflfe
TAMO,
darkness.
TAYO
(num.), three;
n.
tisso,
to cross, to overcome.
TIDDANAM,
TIMBARU
[mar).
(see Grana-
destroyer.
TIRIYAM
TU
(adv.), across.
(particle),
now, but.
TUNDlKiRO,
TUNHI
cotton-tree.
(adv.), silently.
TUVATAM (adv.),
(pron.),
you,
thou
(see
firm.
staff.
Grammar,
to give (see
p. 56).
DADDALLATI,
to blaze, to shine
brilliantly.
DADDU
(f.),
leprosy.
DANTO, a tooth.
DAMO, self-command.
dammo
(adj.), to
DAYA
(f.),
be tamed.
mercy, pity.
a cave.
DARl (f.),
DAVO, amusement.
di-jo, twice
state
TH.
{i.e.
DITTHA
born.
ditthapado, one
Grammar).
THADDHO
DAYO, a forest.
DARO, DARA, wife.
DASO, slave.
quickly.
TVAM
(adj.),
DADATI,
[tint.
TALO, fan-palm.
TITTHATI, to stand
TINAM, grass.
right-handed;
rings.
DANDO,
f.
(adj.),
DALHO
(adv.), tliere.
TARATI,
DAKKHINO
southern.
who has
Nibbana).
(interjection).
birth.
DIVASO,
(adj.), firm,
stubborn,
THANAYATI,
THAVARO
THERO,
THOLO
to thunder.
a priest, an elder.
(adj.), big.
a day.
DISA
DiGHO (adj.),
D.
DAKKHATA
(f.),
kUL
seen the
long.
DUKKHAM
(t.t.),
DUG-GATI,
hell,
pain.
bad
place.
un
GL088ART.
dutiyo, second
;
dutiyath (adv.), fur
second
time.
the
DUSSAM, cloth.
DOBHATI, to illtreat.
DHORAYHO,
DORE (adv.),
DHURO,
far.
ayoke.
beast of burden.
far.
N.
deva-ko, god.
NA (neg.), not.
NAKHO, nail of the finger.
NAGARAM, a town.
NANGALAM, plough.
NACCAM, dancing.
NANDI (f.), joy.
NAMATI, to bow down.
devatd, a deva.
devaputto, a god.
DEVO, a god.
DESAYATI, deseti,
DESO, country.
DESSi,
hater.
DEHO,
body.
domanasaam,
to preach.
dejection, gloom.
DVE
(adv.), in
NARASA BHO,
NARO, man.
NALINi (f.),
feet.
(num.), two.
dvedha
NAVA
two parts.
a pond.
(num.), nine.
NAVANlTAM,
DH.
(t. t.),
wealth.
(t. t.),
law, condition
ditthadhammo, the
visible condi-
spiritual instruction
who
is
superhu-
condition.
NAGO,
NALIKERO,
DHAMMO
NANATTAM,
(adj.), religious
fem.
NANA
dhammi.
DHATU
(n.
and
f.),
substance;
DHARANAM,
in
bearing
dharayati (cans.), to bear
(f.)f
whom
complete
susunago,
coconut-tree.
diversity.
different
various,
(adv.),
away from.
ndna-pjtakdro, of various sorts.
principle.
DHITI
in
serpent.
is
tendon, muscle.
a serpent
young
one
cleansed, pure.
NAHARU,
uttarimanuasa-dhavimo,
man
cream.
tiavamo, ninth.
DHAJAGGAM, flag.
DHANAM, property,
DHAMMO
men.
chief of
mind.
in
wisdom, energy.
mind.
NAMA
(adv.),
NAMAM,
ndmaso
by name
name
indeed.
(adv.), with
name.
GLOSSARY.
NIKAYO,
NI
multitude
assembly,
sa^^an/Arayo,
only iu
(prep.,
assemblage of beings.
composition),
downwards.
NI and NIR
(prep., only in
com-
position), outward.
down.
ni-sidati, to sit
NISSAYO
ni-kubbati, to deceive.
nik-kttjjito,
thrown.
(t. t.),
resource
nik-khamati, to devote.
NICO
ni-kkhepo,
down
putting
inter-
(adj.), low,
nt-yati, to
go
NIGAMO,
vile.
mean, base.
out.
NONA (adv.),
ment.
surely.
nekkhammam, giving up
a town.
ne-katiko, fallacious.
NIGRODHO,
NICCO (adj.),
NETTAM,
banyan-tree.
(adj.),
eye.
P.
go
down.
(t.t.),
bonum
to be extinguished,
PAMSU
the
(t. t.),
summum
tranquillity (Nibbdna).
free
(t. t.),
from care, or
NIMITTAM,
(t. t.),
sign,
invitation.
mark;
(adj.),
subject
of thought.
PARK H IK AM
(t. t.),
a feast held
thicket.
pa-gumbo,
NIYO
pa-cdro, attendant.
own.
to cook.
hell.
PACCAITAM
NIRODHO
paccantko
NIVATO,
with
PACATI,
(t.t.),
possessed
wing.
diarrheea.
(f.),
NIMANTANAM
PAKKHANDIKA
PAKKHI
NIRAYO,
composi-
onward.
of the Buddhists.
NIBBUTI,
(prep.), frequently in
tion, before,
out.
NIBBANAM
nibbuto
PA
prudent.
ni-patati, to fall
NIBBATI
the world.
perpetual.
ni-jigimsati, to covet.
to
cattdro
nik-k/iamati, to go out.
ni-pako
nissaya,
cessation.
humility.
[off.
off,
to
ward
(adv.), singly.
(adj.),
adverse, hostile,
opposite.
PACCAYO,
a requisite.
160
OLOSSART.
pacca-vekkhati, to look
pati-bujjhati, to awake.
at.
pacc-ud-a-vattati, to retreat.
PACCHIMO
last
pacchimd
l.indermost,
(adj.),
pati-ldbho, obtaining
pa-jahati, to abandon.
PA J A
(f.),
fit.
attainment.
pati-vatteti, to subvert
with a, not
to be subverted.
progeny, race.
pati-vijjhati, to acquire.
pati-sankhdti, to reflect.
make known
pati-sahcikkhati, to consider.
caus. pahndpeti, to
pati-mm-vedi
p. p. p. panhatto.
pajdyati, to multiply.
pajjalati, to shine.
;
tela-
pajjoto, an oil-lamp.
pahcamo, the
PANNA,
PATHAVl
intellect,
under-
pantto
question.
pati-kkamo, retreating.
pati-ggahanam, acceptance,
receiv-
know,
for
PATATI,
to
fall
caus. patayatu
(f.),
fixity,
resting-
place.
to personate
PATTAM,
leaf.
paccamasi.
liness.
forsaking.
way.
pati-pujeti, to honour.
pati-ppa-ssambhati, to be calmed,
step,
come
term
wise man.
PA-TITTHA
pati-cchddeti, to conceal.
subside, to
nibbdna.
tude.
pati-cchddi, covering.
({.),
accomplished, excelneuter,
puti-cchddanarh, concealment.
patipadd
as
pati-sallanam, solitude.
ofi^.
anger.
(t. t.),
pati-rupo, suitable.
pati-nis-sago
lent
aor.
earth.
(adj.),
PANDITO,
vowels, pace.
pati-jdndti, to
(f.),
pa-ni-dahati, to stretch.
PANIDHI
standing.
PATI-GHO,
aor. pace-
paccassosum.
pa-ndmati, to bend,
fifth,
PANHAM (panham),
PATI
assosi,
five.
wisdom,
assent
pati-sundti, to
lamp
PANCA (num.),
(adj.), experiencing.
to
an end.
to
acquisition.
patto, p. p. p, of pdpundti.
GLOSSARY.
PATTHAYATI,
to
wish
for,
to
PARINAMO,
PA-DlPO, lamp.
PARITTA
evil.
further
now,
(adv.),
(the
same as puna).
to reject.
PANTHO,
a road
PAPPOTI,
see papunati.
pa-bba-jati, to
PA-BBAJITO
one
(f.) (t.t.),
who has
life.
Nibbana.
front, before.
pari-yosdnam, termination.
pari-rundhati, to surround
mountain..
to lay
siege.
modi
fication.
splendour.
[ful.
p. p. p. to pamajjati, sloth(adj.),
crushing, destroy-
accompany.
PARI-VESANA
ing.
(f.
and
n.),
dUtri-
PA-MANAM, measure.
PAMADO, carelessness.
PARISA,
pO'tnuhcati, to release.
parisuddho
PAMOCANAM,
payirupa-sati, to honour.
PARISSAYAM, danger.
PARIHARO, attention.
pa-yutto, tied.
PARAM
(adv.),
deliverance.
beyond, after.
parabhava, sufiering,
PARI
loss.
decay, loss.
bution of food.
PARO
assembly.
(adj.),
distant,
further
other.
paramo, highest.
PARABHAVO,
pariydputo.
the pabbajja
pa-majjati, to delay.
pa-maddt
to attain
pari-punno, completed.
p. p. p.
pabhamkaro, light-giving.
PABHASO,
(t. t.),
forth.
(t. t.),
n.), protection.
pari-mukham (adv.), in
ordination.
PABBATO,
PARIDEVO,
and
lamentation.
pari-bhasati, to revile.
PABBAJJA
also neuter.
lungs.
go
(f.
pari-nibbdti
pa-nudati, to remove,
PAPPHASAM,
change, alteration
digestion.
pa-duttho, wiclied,
pamatto,
apparatus.
step; nibbana.
PANA
PARIKKHARO,
pari-kkhino, wasted.
desire.
PA DAM,
167
PARO
(adv.),
PALASO,
leaf.
paligho, an obstacle.
PA-VACANAM,
Buddha.
the
word of the
GLOSSARY.
168
pa-vatteti
to
(caus.),
set
rolling;
dhammacakke, having
founded the kingdom of truth.
PAVANAM, side of a mountain.
PATANAM,
pa-vapati, to sow.
gabbhapatanam,
pavattite
pa-vassati, to rain.
day.
riage
pa-vuati, to enter.
PATi
PATU
pali-gunthati, to
en-
to
envelop,
causing to
fall.
causing
miscar-
abortion.
a bowl.
(f.),
(adv.), manifestly.
patu-bhavati,
become
to
visible
aor. patur-ahosi.
tangle.
PALLANKO,
pa-sattho (p. p.
a couch.
patu-bhavo, appearance.
p.), praised.
[fied.
PADO,
PADO,
foot.
PANAM,
ness.
drinking.
bad.
pa-acuiati, to rule.
pdpako
PASU, cattle.
PASSATI, to see.
calming down.
pa-ssambhati, to calm down ; p.
pa-ssaddhi
(adj.),
OTI,
(f.),
p. p.
PAPO
passaddho.
to attain
pattabbo, attitin-
able.
bad.
(adj.), evil,
PAYASO, rice-milk.
PARAM, the other shore.
PASSAVO,
urine.
PAHANAM,
abandoning.
pdri-sajjo
(adj.),
belonging to an
brahmapdrisajjo, be-
pa-hitatto, resolute.
assembly
pa-hoti, to be able.
brabma.
pa-honako
pakimo
(adj.), sufficient.
(adj.),
cooked,
PALAYATI,
pdliccam,
ripfned.
PANAKO, worm,
PANI (m.), hand.
Maha-
PACANAM, a goad.
PANAM, living being.
panatipati (adj.), taking
PANO, breath.
to guard, to preserve.
hoariness,
greyness
of
hair.
[season.
pd-vuasako, belonging to the rainy
life.
insect.
patikankho, to be expected.
PASANO,
PASADO,
a stone.
house of more than one
pdhuneyyo
guests.
(adj.),
worthy of being
GLOSSARY.
pitthi-mamsiko
pilakd
(adj.),
backbiting.
PINIJAPATO
(t.t.),
food received
alms bowl.
in the
PORO,
full.
PEKHA
a boil.
(f.),
109
desire
punnapekho,
good works.
(f.),
looking for
pecca
having departed.
(ger,),
POTAKO,
youth, cub.
PITTAM,
potikd
maiden.
bile.
PI PAS A,
(f.),
converted person
thirst.
ponobbhaviko,
PIHAKAM,
POSO, man.
PiTI,
PUNNO
spleen.
(adj.),
son.
and
PANA.
punab-bhavo, rebirth.
flower.
PHALAM,
fruit.
PHALATI,
to
split
PHANITAM,
PUBBO
phdleti (caus.), to
PURAM,
former, early.
pus, matter.
purato (adv.),
puratthhno
in front of.
(adj.), eastern.
PURA (adv.),
PHALO,
PHASU
town.
formerly, previously.
split, to cleave.
(adj.),
comfortable.
PHUTO,
thrilled,
PHUSATI,
p. p. p.
to
pervaded.
touch,
to
reach;
phuttho.
PURISAKO,
PHOTTABBAM
soming.
(t. t.),
touch.
a male.
B.
pujako, honouring.
to
ploughshare.
PHUSSITO
minister, attendant.
asunder,
sugar.
PURANO, former.
PURIMO. east.
PURISO, man,
forth.
break open.
pubbanho, forenoon.
PUBBO,
float;
PH.
[wide.
(adj.),
to
question.
good, virtuous.
PUPPHAM,
or piluvati,
old.
caus. pildpeti.
PUTTO,
see
PORANAKO,
and
PLAVATI,
PUTHU
PUNA,
sensual.
birth.
PORANO
joy, delight.
PUGGALO, individual.
PUCCHATI, to ask, to
a bird.
PI-NASO,
POKKHARASAKATO,
stinking, foal.
BANDHATI,
to bind.
BANDHAXAM,
fetter.
binding;
bonds,
OL088ART.
170
BANDHU (m.),
BHAJATf,
kinsmnn.
BHANATI,
BHANATI,
BAHU(adj.), many.
many
bahu-ppado, having
BALHO
first
'
compound
BUDDHO,
'
constituents
(t. t.),
to say, to
tell.
t.,
addressing
the duties
BHARO,
by-anti-karoti,
to
re-
move.
being,
existence
BRAHMANO,
to
good.
realm.
BHATA (m.),
abolish,
(adj.),
to be, to exist.
a brahmin.
bhdveti
brother.
burden.
(cans,
to bhavati),
to
in-
BY AS AN AM,
misfortune, unhap>
piness.
(f.),
anger.
BH.
venerable
an
epithet
of
the
BHUJISSO,
(f.),
sister.
BHANGAJVI, hempen
a free
more.
man; a
freed
slave.
BHUNJATI,
bhummo
to enjoy
to eat.
(adj.), terrestrial.
BHUSAM
Buddha.
a Buddhist
of
wish to injure.
BYAROSANA
title
monk.
(m.), illness.
BYAPADO,
BHAVO, property.
BHASATI, to tell.
BHIKKHU,
byd-karoti, to answer.
BHAGINl
for
to bear, to support.
life.
BYADHI
term
BHADDO, BHADRO
BHAYAM, fear.
BHAVATI,
wisdom.
(f.),
(t.
BHARATI,
the Enlightened.'
BRAVlTI, BROTI,
(t.t.),
a Buddhist monk.
of wisdom.
BODHI
food; uddeta
BHADANTO,
seed.
an epithet of Gotama,
a designation of
BOJJHANGO
to
BHATTAM,
aaldka
and used as
Gotama
to shine.
very.'
honour; to
nnati.
feet.
hard, severe, as
(adj.),
part of a
to serve, to
cultivate.
(adv.),
much, exceed-
ingly.
cloth.
GLOSSARY.
bhutapubbo
that
(adj.),
ben
has
before.
spirit,
BHCMI(f.),
the earth.
(adj.), frightful.
BHESAJJAM,
medicine.
master
sir,
BHOGO,
having
being.
parting.
BHERAVO
BHO,
BH CTO,
BHEDO,
little
Grammar).
(see
wealth
appa-bhogo,
MAHA,
food.
MA,
a gnat, mosquito.
MAKKHI
(adj.),
concealing
pa-
path.
MANKU,
troubled, restless.
MANO,
pride, arrogance.
illusion, deceit;
(f.),
MARISO,
middle.
venerable person
term
of address.
MALA
MAXDANAM, adornment.
MANDALI (adj.), having a disc.
MATTA (f.), measure quality.
MATTHAKAM, head.
MATTHALUNGAM, brain.
;
MICCHA
wrongly.
wrong conduct.
miccha-caro,
MITTO,
deer.
(adv.), falsely,
friend.
sleep
vigatamiddho,
awake.
honey.
pleasing,
a garland.
(f.),
MASO, month.
MIGO, antelope,
MIDDHAM,
enjoyment.
MINATI,
madfiumeho, diabetes.
pleasant,
charming.
to
MUKHAM,
p.
f.
p.
MURHO,
face.
tnanoramo
MUCCHA
(f.),
measure
tnetabbo.
mayavi,
deceitful.
MAJJHO, middle.
MANNATI, to think.
MANAPO,
(adj.),
(f.)
human.
MAYA
strong drink.
MADHU(n.),
a
(adj.), young;
young man.
MATA (f.), mother (see Grammar).
MANASO, lust.
MANUSO, MANUSi
hypocritical.
MAGGO,
MADO,
wind.
MANAVAKO
MAKASO,
(adj.),
g^at
negation.
MALUTO,
MAJJAM,
Grammar).
M.
pamakkhi,
great (see
property.
BHOJANAM,
majjhimo
171
cause.
MUNCATI,
faintnesB.
to release.
GLOSSARY.
172
MUNDAKO,
term
shaveling,
of
YACATI,
reproach.
MUTTAM,
urine
putimuttam,
to go.
YATRA
urine of cattle.
livelihood.
(f.),
YANAM,
release.
MUTTr(f.),
YATI,
preceding
going,
MUSA (adv.),
YAPANATI,
wrongly.
musa-vddo, lying, falsehood.
MUHUTTO,
second, hrief
MOLHO, stupid.
MCLAM, root.
a
to
MERAYAM,
pair
intoxicating liquor.
YOTTAM, tie.
YONI (f.), womb
t.
source, origin.
really.
YOBBANAM,
youth.
R.
a superhuman being, a
RAKKHATI,
to restrain
RAKKHA
p. p. p. yato.
the
same
as
inasmuch.
YATHA (adv.),
as.
the reality.
YADA (adv.),
to protect.
(f.),
protection.
RAJATAM, silver.
RAJJAM, kingdom.
RATTI (f.), night.
ratti-n-divo,
men.
t.
the liver.
yaksha.
RABHASO
(adj.),
fierce.
when, whenever.
fame, renown.
ycusassivd,
great numbers.
Y.
YAKKHO,
in
Nibbana.
ignorance.
YAKANAJfr,
generation.
YONISO,
YASO,
ki-
in con-
MODATI, to rejoice.
MORO, see MAYURO.
yatra,''
ydva
as.
yebhuyyena,
as long
(adv.),
Y'UGAM,
fly.
sexual intercourse.
YATI,
to live.
long
MOHO,
maintenance.
of time.
MCSTKO,
YAPANAM,
YAVA
measure
car-
riage, car.
surrounded
RAMATI,
light in
by eminent
RASO,
taste.
sap, juice
sweet thing
GLOSSART.
rtusako
178
(adj.), short.
V.
VAKKAM,
kidney.
VAGGU
to
a group.
(adj.), beautiful.
VACCO, lustre.
VAJATI, to walk.
VAJIRO, Indra's thunderbolt.
VANCANIKO, deceitful.
VANCETI (caus.), to deceive.
VADDHATI, to grow, to increase;
ment,
lust.
RUDDO (adj.),
RUKKHO,
ROPAM
(t. t.),
(adj.),
pour out.
form, figure.
ROGO, illness.
ROCETI (caus.),
ROSAKO
to
cruel.
tree.
vannava
(inter).),
VATTATI,
wTathful.
take
to
p. p. p.
laddho.
LAYO,
LASIKA
(f.),
LABHA
(adv.
vantage
LOKO,
VATTHU
VATTHU
indeed
verily
to take place.
cloth
(n.),
raiment.
substance.
(Skr. vdstu).
time).
LUDDO
having
beauty.
VATA
to approve.
VATTHAM,
LABHATI,
(adj.),
dat.),
V AD ATI,
to declare
to speak.
of.
(adj.), cruel.
world.
LOKA-DHAMMO
(t. t.),
things of
VARO
LOMAM,
LOMAHAIMSO, horripilation.
LOHITAM, blood.
LOHITO
(adj.), red.
(epi-
VALl
is
excellent.
excellent.
loka-dhatu, world-system.
loka-vidu,
is
is
excellent.
(adj.), excellent
(f.),
a wrinkle.
VASATI,
to dwell.
VASA
flesh.
(f.),
serum
marrow of the
GLOSSARY.
174
VASALO,
VASSO,
VA (conj.),
VACA (f.),
VATO,
VI-TAKKO,
outcast.
rain
pa
either
tfd,
reflection,
thought.
a year.
or.
vitthdrati,
wind.
to declare, to amplify
aor. vitthasi.
[cation.
VADITAM, music.
VADO, speaking, speech.
VAYAMATI, to struggle, to strive.
VAyAMO
VINA
exertion, endea-
(t. t.),
training.
(adv.), without.
vineti, to
VAHANAM,
carrying; a vehicle;
an animal used in riding.
VI
knowing, wise.
(adj.),
vi-ndseti, to waste.
vour.
VASO,
VI DO
VI-NAYO,
used
(prep.),
in
composition,
wrong
VIGGAHO,
manussa,
human
being.
[parsing.
vi-kirano (adj.), squandering, disvi-kkandati, to cry out.
vi-ppa-mutto
change, reverse.
vi-ppa-yogo, absence.
vippa-vasati, to
go abroad
p. p. p.
vippavuttho.
vi-gahati, to obtain.
vi-cakkhano,
to acquire.
VI-PARI-NAMO,
time.
body
VINDATI,
vi-pdceti, to be indignant.
vippavdso,
wise,
knowing',
dis-
absence
ticivarenca
cerning.
vi-carati, to
wander.
vi-ppa-sldati, to
become calm.
vi-cdro, investigation.
VICIKICCHITAM, doubt.
VICCHIKO, scorpion.
VIBHAVO, power,
VI-BHAVO (t. t.),
know
VIJJATI,
to
to be, to exist.
VIJJA
VIJJU
(see
Grammar).
(f.),
knowledge, wisdom.
(f.),
lightning.
speak
VINNO
to, to
in-
vijdndti),
address, to inform.
(adj.), intelligent.
p. p. p.
to
release.
VI-MOKHO, release.
VI-MOCAVAM, releasing.
vi-rajo, free
to
release
to
VI.MUTTI(f.),
consciousness,
(cans,
adornment.
vimutto.
telligence.
vihndpeti
vibhusanaiii,
vi-muncati,
VIIK^NANAM,
absence of ex-
vibhdvayatl, to understand.
conquer.
VIJJATI,
prosperity.
free
from dust.
vi-rajjdti, to
viratto.
be displeased
p. p. p.
GLOSSARY.
VIRATI
(f.),
176
abstinence.
vi-ramati, to abstnin.
t.),
sensation.
VEPULLAM,
vira>eti (cans.), to
veyyd-karanam, explanation.
put away.
VIRIYAM,
exertion, strength.
vi-ruhati, to
go on.
vi-rocati, to
lie
VEYYABADHIKO,
toilet
p. p. p. vivato.
vi-varati, to
open
separation,
seclusion
VELO,
VESi
VISAM,
VEHASO, sky.
VOROPETI (cans.),
uneven.
(with
time.
poison.
to
[al>l.).
VEVANNIYAM, change,
discrimination.
(adj.),
ill;
perfume.
VI-VEKO,
vi-samo
sick,
byabddho.
brilliant.
VILEPANAM,
development.
(f.),
diversity.
harlot.
to deprive of.
SA, as
'
distinction.
Buddhist temple.
(f.),
hurting.
mta-malo, spotless.
VITO (adj.), devoid of;
a-vito,
free from.
vi-ti-sareti, to
remind mutually.
(num.), twenty.
VUTTHI
VUTTI
(f.),
(f.),
rain.
conduct.
vun-ma
(adj.), dwelling.
VOPASAMO,
VE
paciBcation.
(interj.), indeed.
VEiyU
bond, at-
attentively.
not
(t. t.),
con-
ceit.
person.
honour.
hero.
ViSATI
compound
samhanti, to strike.
SAK-KAYA-DITTHI
vitipatati, to transgress.
ViRO,
(t. t.),
vi-himsati, to hurt.
VI HI MSA
of a
tachment.
viharati, to dwell.
VI-HARO, living;
member
SAMYOJANAlff
renowned.
vi-ssuto (adj.),
first
with.'
(m.), a
bamboo, a reed.
SAKKO
(adj.), able.
SAKKHf,
SAKHA
(see
witness.
(m.),
companion, friend
Grammar).
SAGGO,
heaven.
8ANKAPP0
(t.t.),
thought, Imagi-
nation, aspiration.
san-kuddho, ang^y.
GLOSSARY.
176
SAN-KHARO
the elements,
(t. t.),
matter.
aan-khittena, concisely,
SAN-GAHO,
l)riefly.
aan-tatto, scorched.
protecting.
SANG HO,
the
SADDO, sound.
SADDHA, faith.
Buddliist
clerical
tan-tarati, to be in haste.
community.
tacchikaroti, to
true, good.
face
to
face
p. p. p. sacchikato.
SACCHIKIRIYA
(f.),
aan-dhupdyati, to smoke.
8an-nayhati, to bind, to fasten.
realization.
san-ni-patati, to assemble.
SANJATI
SAPADANAM
samamo,
birth.
(f.),
8ap
refraining.
pinddya
SAPPI, cow's
SATTHI
sap-puriso,
(adv.), constantly
carati,
goes
begging-rounds constantly.
(num.), sixty.
butter.
good man.
SATI
(f.),
thoughtfuluess,
remem-
memory;
p. p. p.
garati,
recollecting,
seventy.
SATTO,
an assembly.
wretched
samana.
samanako,
(f.),
teacher.
tad-attho, one's
own advantage.
aaddahdno.
SAMAYO,
to believe;
ment ;
ekatii
a time.
always.
SAD-DAHATI,
side.
weapon.
SATTHA (m.),
SADA (adv.),
ascetic.
from every
being.
SATTHAM,
an
(num.), seven.
SATTATI,
Grammar).
SAMANO,
mindful.
SAITA
(see
SABHA
thoughtful, reflecting.
Sato,
SABBO
brance.
his
p.p.
GLOSSARY.
sam-a-gacchati, to assemble.
instig'ate, to advise.
sam-pa-hamseti
become
pass.
tran-
(cnus.), to gladden,
to delight, to praise.
quilized.
SAMADHI
SAMANO
(adj.),
same,
[ment.
sam-bahulo
(t.t.),
attain-
sam-bddAo, pressure,
straits.
(adj.),
SAM-BHAVO,
sain-ug-ghato, removal.
sam-mannati, to agree
sam-ut'tejeti (caus.), to
SAM-UD-AYO,
sam
stir, to excite.
samudito, ele-
vated.
production.
to, to
decide
to sanction.
aam-mukht-bhuto, confronted.
SAMUDDO,
sam-mukho
sea.
sam-upabbulho
equal.
cannot be shaken.
smoke
to
sam-panno
endowed with.
SAM-PA- YOGO,
in
union, presence.
tam-pa-vedhati, to tremble.
to lie
down.
bed, couch.
SARANAM,
SARABO
future.
world.
night.
sam-viggo, excited.
SAYATI,
SAM-PARAYO,
(f.),
sam-pa-dhupayati,
volumes.
tam-parayiko
endowed with.
(p. p. p.),
choice,
SAMVARI
sam-paj'ano, conscious.
(p. p. p.),
consent,
(f.),
determination.
sam-pa-kampati, to tremble, to
sbake ; a-sam-pa-kampiyo, that
sam-patto
SAM-MUTI
sam-uhanti, to remove.
SAMO,
con-
rise, origin.
ud-eti, to arise
t),
seeking rebirth.
sam-uk-kajjisati, to exalt.
(t.
stitucnt of bodhi.
sambhav-esi
assembly.
(f.),
many.
(adj.),
SAM-BOJJHAJNfGO
tam-d-hito, steadfast.
contact.
(t.t.),
sam-phasso, contact.
equal,
similar.
(f.)
SAM-PHASSANAM
meditation.
(f.) (t.t.),
SAM-A-PATTI
SAM-ITI
tranqiiilization.
to
serene
tam-pa-gadanath, making
tam-a-carati, to follow.
samadhlyati,
177
refuge.
(f.),
lizard.
SARiRAM,
SARO,
body.
sound.
12
GL08RARY.
178
SALAKA,
a peg
tal-lahuko
(i><lJ-)> l>g)>t.
SALLiNO,
slip, bit
of wood.
bent together.
8IPPAM, skill.
SIRIMSAPO, a
tiri-tna (adj.),
SAVANAM, hearing.
SASSU (f.), mother-in-law.
SFRl
SAHA
SI LA
(in composition),
glory.
together,
thousand
(in
composi-
witli.
aaha-silt (adj.),
being fond of society.
SAYATI,
SILI
Si HO,
having a
head.
good.
a parrot.
SUKHO (adj.),
(m.), rice.
habit, dispo-
lion.
SUKO,
proper.
of
SiSAM,
should
SU
(adj.), 6t,
(adj.),
sition
SUKHO,
blest,
happy.
bliss.
SU-GATO, happy
(epithet of the
Buddha).
su-gandho, of good smell.
to inform.
SASANAM,
order,
the
command.
teaching
of
the
Buddha.
(adj.),
8UCI
purity.
(f.),
grasped.
SUNNAGARAI^r,
SIKKHATI,
SIKHA
(f.),
su-ggahito
astlimn.
to learn.
flame of
fire.
SINGHANIKA,
place
SUNOTI, SUNATI,
to hear (see
Grammar).
moral training.
gudath (part.),
mucus of the
solitude,
void of houses.
SITO
piety.
(t.t.), aflfection
evening.
charioteer.
rites.
good
sikfia,
cool.
nature, character
(t, t.),
be remembered.
Buddhas,
SiLAM
SiLABBATAM
cloth.
sa-ruppo
boundary, limit.
moral character,
to taste.
SARATHI,
(f.).
correctness.
(f.),
SAYANHO,
STMA
SiTAM, coldness.
SiTO (adj.), col<l,
tion).
SAHA (adv.),
stanza, a qloka.
SASO,
a rock.
(f.),
SIVIKA(f.), a palanquin.
saha-gato, accompanied.
SALI
fortune, prosperity.
(f.),
SITjOKO, a
with.
SAHASSl,
snake.
having magnificence,
nose.
sma
+ idam.
GLOSSARY.
8UDDH0
179
SOTAJ*,
(adj.), clean.
ear.
[tlon.
su-pati-panno, well-conducted.
SOTAPATTI
SUPATI,
SOTTHANAM,
to sleep.
SUPINAM,
sleep.
su-ppa-yutto (p. p.
[joined.
thoroughly
p.),
SURA
H.
the sun.
HA (interj.),
known.
HATTHI
a boy.
is
under
training.
SEDO,
SENA
(adj.), best,
foremost.
[sleeping
and
sit-
to serve, to follow.
SEVANA
(f.),
to
HAVE
SEVATI,
SO
SO
addicted
to,
own
HI
devotion
to carry
away.
ting] dwelling.
seyyako
onl
surrounded
by walls.
army.
SEN-ASANAM,
heart.
HANTI, to kill.
HAND A (interj.), come
HAM MI YAM, house
HARATI,
sweat, moisture.
(f.),
bristling.
hand.
H ADA YAM,
SEMHAM, phlegm.
SEKHO (t. t.), one who
SETTHO
truly.
(m.), elephant.
HATTHO,
rheumatism.
SOLO,
pleasant speech.
intoxicating liquor.
su-vi-jdno, easily
SUSU,
tenderness.
(f.),
(adj.), well-built.
(f.),
SURIYO,
blessing.
SOSO, consumption.
satisfied.
su-mapito
sanctifica-
to shine.
SORACCAM,
sovacassatd
su-mano,
SOBHATI,
indeed
certainly,
gold.
HITO
oneself.
to hurt.
HIRANNAM,
by
because
also.
HIMSATI,
to.
Grammar).
sarh (adv.)
(interj.), truly.
(part.), for,
(p. p. p.
and
adj.), beneficial.
hino (p. p.
socanatfam, mourning.
SOCANAM,
SONDO
fem.
HETHETI,
mourning.
(adj.),
SOXpI.
addicted to drink
p.),
means
HOT!,
wasted, decayed.
to injure.
of.
to be
see bhavati.
HERTFORD
FRINTZD BY eTIFHEN
ATIBTIS
AND SONS.
SINHALESE ALPHABET.
Vowels
^a
^
Vowel Symbols.
a.
Z^^ha
ka.
u.
(^y
^.
0.
t^
if
(^
(^ u Se
J. ^.
J.
o.
0.
(B^
)ki
^khu.
^ khu.
Nasal Vowels.
The symhol
for any nasal
is
<?
ant.
<Y>6
It is also used
anc^her Consonant
hefore
Consonants.
^ ka.
O
'o)
kha
00
ga.
t50 gha
D ^a
ca
d^cka
^j^
f^jha
ta
(^ tha
d du
tb d^a
S^ 'na
tX) du
(3 tha
C^ da
Zd dha
^^
60 ya
e3 pha
6 ra
t^ sa
60 %a
pa
&S
Va
/^
f^
la*
-^t~)
Vha
Q5^
Tia
ma
'i'^
la.
Consonant Symbols
r.
Tlrama
hra
'
k.
nv.
Compound Consonants.
^a
(XS'^ja
tD cca
U)
QCs
'nj^aW^
(to
ddha
^U)
Tikha.
nda
c^
'bha
e^^ jjha
r^
tlha
(Lb tlha
'nilMZ.
S^
'ndha
un
Burmese Alphabet.
Vowels.
__
SYMBOLS.}
lb
L)
cSH. coku. en
ku. crcoke.cxrDokc.
GO
O/ ga
The
Nns/iL Vowels.
am
5^
11
another
is
also vised
tb
express
any nasal
htforc
consonant.
Simple Consonants.
CIO
ka
O kha
O ga
IX)
O.S)
ca
DO cha
qj
ta
OO ^ha
U pa
(J
(JO
ya
OO Sa
ja
O.OJ
jha
dha
<ia
OO hha
-pha
ra
gha
^ dha
tha
OO ta
CO
la
na
OD na
C
COO 7ia
t>
V-a
Consonant Symbols.
C iia.
OCT nka
ya,
ij-a
-V-a
OO
ha
O^
(m
GO
ft^a
on
nha
Virdma
yya
kra /3
^ Uhya
^ra
O
ob^t.
rtiha
Compound Consonants.
(^
ryda
eg
O)
ppa
?i/ia
g ddka
^/^^ta
OOO Ssa.
ddha
OO OQ s^n a
-na
Q ma
OO ha
OJ
stn
go.
XAMBODIAN ALPHABET.
Vowels.
%^a.
%^cL.
/Ti.
i.
Q^vb.
i^
Vowel Symbols.
o
PTka.
QjjM
0\e.
o.
\
^Q^
0,^
<i>
another consonant
Simple Consonants
f? ga
Xl^ gka
ja
flSJ jha
TQ ^a
Iha
^
n
da
(T^ dha
ti^
na
thu
da
t(S
dha
Tva
W pha
G^
Int
ka
kha
i3 ca
^ cha
i^
ta
ta
tS pa
ra
i^X^tfcL
U^ha
sa
'^ Vha
SkS la
"^
-iia
%^ ma
v-a
la
Compound Consonants
fSymtcl for
)0
rcL
j
gemintdtcn
**P
klika
(AO nda
iz^^ ncfka
f^
ttha
JV nna
l^ra
\^^ ndra
%^ mVa.
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