DESIGN OF RAFT

Primary load cases

Dead load
Imposed Load
Wind load
Seismic load

DL
LL
WL
SL

Load combinations
The following load combinations,which are critical only are considered for the raft design as per working stress method
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5

1 x (DL+LL)
1 x (DL+WL)
1 x (DL+LL+WL)
1 x (DL+SL)
1 x (DL+LL+SL)

Complete Chimney
Shell alone + wind load
Complete Chimney + wind load
Shell alone + seismic load
Complete Chimney + seismic load

DESIGN OF RAFT
The size of raft is arrived based on the following criteria
1) Maximum gross pressure below the raft not exceeding the limit
2) Overturning moment is within the limit
For calculating the radial and circular moments on the raft at different locations,
"Tall Cimneys - Design and construction" by SN.Manohar is used.
RAFT FOUNDATION FOR CHIMNEY
Data
FGL
D th off raft
Depth
ft bottom
b tt
from
f
FGL
Bottom of raft level
Raft depth
Top of raft level
Depth of soil on raft top
Unit weight of water
Weight of soil
Weight of concrete
Finishing
PCC
Acidresistant tile 25thk

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Internal Diameter of the shell at bottom

Thickness of shell at bottom

=
=

3.873 m
300 mm

Soil Parameters:
Net SBC at 2.5m deep from FGL for DL & LL

2
50 t/m

Net SBC at 2.5m deep from FGL for wind/seismic

2
62.5 t/m

Allowable FOS against overtuning (wind & seismic)

Allowable FOS against overtuning (DL +LL)
Allowable factor of safety against friction
Allowable base friction

=
=
=
=

1.5
2.0
1.5
0.30

47
2.5
2
5
44.5
1.2
45.7
1.3
1.0
1.8
2.5
0.5
2.4
2

m
m
m
m
m
m
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3

LOAD CALCULATION
1. Sand filling inside chimney shell upto floor level
Inside diameter of RCC shell at bottom
Inside plan area filling

=
=

3.873 m
2
11.78 m

Weight of sand filling

27.57 t

2. Floor finish
Thickness of tile (25mm)
Weight of tile

=
=

0.025 m
0.59 t

Thickness of grade slab (150mm)

Weight of grade slab

=
=

0.15 m
4.42 t

Thickness of PCC (100mm)

Weight of PCC

=
=

0.1 m
2.83 t

Total Weight of floor finish

7.83 t

Diameter of raft
Plan area of raft

=
=

8m
2
50.27 m

Weight of raft

3. Weight of Chimney raft

150.80 t

4. Weight of soil outside Chimney shell on raft top

Plan area of filling
Plan area of raft
Plan area of out side soil

=
=
=

2
15.71 m
2
50.27 m
2
34.55 m

Weight of outside soil

80.85 t

Vertical Dead Loads

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Self weight of raft

Wt.of compacted sand + finishing
Weight of soil outside chimney
Weight of chimney shell
Weight of corbels & beams
Weight of platform
Weight of brick lining

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

150.80
35.40
80.85
447.48
12.06
20.03
185.17

DL DL +LL -

1+2+3+4+5+10+12
1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+13+14+15

=
=

746.61 t
931.78 t

t
t
t
t
t
t
t

Lateral load & moment due to static wind (WL)

(For shell alone condition)
1
Moment due to wind at bottom
2
Shear due to wind at bottom
(For duct support condition)
1
2

Moment due to wind at bottom

Shear due to wind at bottom

=
=

713.5 t-m
20 t

=
=

0.0 t-m
0t

=
=

741.3 t-m
21 t

=
=

0.0 t-m
0t

=
=

205.7 t-m
7t

(For complete chimney)

1
Moment due to wind at bottom
2
Shear due to wind at bottom
(For duct support condition)
1
2

Moment due to wind at bottom

Shear due to wind at bottom

Lateral load & moment due to seismic (SL)

(For shell alone condition)
1
2

Moment due to seismic at bottom

Shear due to seismic at bottom

(For duct support condition)

1
2

Moment due to seismic at bottom

Shear due to seismic at bottom

=
=

0.0 t-m
0t

=
=

248.4 t-m
9t

=
=

0.0 t-m
0t

(For complete chimney)

1
2

Moment due to seismic at bottom

Shear due to seismic at bottom

(For duct support condition)

1
2

Moment due to seismic at bottom

Shear due to seismic at bottom

Net SBC at 2.5m deep from FGL for DL & LL

Gross SBC
Net SBC at 5.5m deep from FGL for wind/seismic
25% increment for SBC for wind load
Gross SBC

2
50 t/m

2
54.5 t/m

2
62.5 t/m

=
=

2
62.5 t/m
2
t/m
67

2
50% increment for SBC for Seismic load
=
93.8 t/m
(For raft foundation, 50% increase in SBC as per IS 1893:2002, Table 1)
2
Gross SBC
=
98.25 t/m

STABILITY CHECK
Loads
Load case
1
2
3
4
5

Vertical load
t
931.78
746.61
931.78
746.61
931.78

Load combination
DL +LL
DL+WL
DL+LL+WL
DL+SL
DL+LL+SL

Moment
tm
t-m
0.00
713.00
741.34
205.71
248.44

Lateral Load
Description
t
0.00
complete chimney
20.48
Shell+Wind
21.18
complete chimney + wind
6.98
Shell + seismic
9.39
complete chimney + seismic

Check for gross pressure

Base area of raft
Section modulus of raft
Load case 1

A
Z

Total vertical load

Gross pressure

=
=

50.27 m 2
50.27 m 3

=
=
SAFE FOR SBC

931.78 t
18.54 t/m 2

<54.5

T/m 2

<67
<67

T/m 2
T/m 3

Load case 2
Total vertical load
Moment
Lateral load
Total moment
Pressure due to vertical loads
Pressure due to moment
Total maximum pressure
Total minimum pressure

=
=
=
=

746.61
713.00
20.48
737.57

t
t-m
t
t-m

P/A
M/Z

=
=

14.85 t/m 2
14.67 t/m 2

P/A + M/Z
P/A - M/Z

=
=

29.53 t/m 2
0.18 t/m 2

SAFE FOR SBC

Load case 3
Total vertical load
Moment
Lateral load
Total moment

=
=
=
=

931.78
741.34
21.18
766.75

t
t-m
t
t-m

Pressure due to vertical loads

Pressure due to moment
Total maximum pressure
Total minimum pressure

P/A
M/Z

=
=

18.54 T/m 2
15.25 T/m 2

P/A + M/Z
P/A - M/Z

=
=

33.79 T/m 2
3.28 T/m 2

<67
<67

T/m 2
T/m 3

<98.25
<98.25

T/m 2
T/m 3

<98.25
<98.25

T/m 2
T/m 3

SAFE FOR SBC

Load case 4
Total vertical load
Moment
Lateral load
Total moment

=
=
=
=

Pressure due to vertical loads

Pressure due to moment
Total maximum pressure
Total minimum pressure

746.61
205.71
6.98
214.09

t
t-m
t
t-m

P/A
M/Z

=
=

14.85 T/m 2
4.26 T/m 2

P/A + M/Z
P/A - M/Z

=
=

19.11 T/m 2
10.59 T/m 2

SAFE FOR SBC

Load case 5
Total vertical load
Moment
Lateral load
Total moment

=
=
=
=

Pressure due to vertical loads

Pressure due to moment
Total maximum pressure
Total minimum pressure

931.78
248.44
9.39
259.71

t
t-m
t
t-m

P/A
M/Z

=
=

18.54 T/m 2
5.17 T/m 2

P/A + M/Z
P/A - M/Z

=
=

23.70 T/m 2
13.37 T/m 2

SAFE FOR SBC

Check for overturning

load case 1
load case 2
load case 3
load case 4
load case 5

Overturning moment
0.0
737.6
766.8
214.1
931.8

Restoring moment
3727.1
2986.5
3727.1
2986.5
3727.1

FOS
0.00
4.05
4.86
13.95
4.00

Allowable FOS

Sliding force
0.0
20.5
21.2
7.0
9.4

Resisting force
279.5
224.0
279.5
224.0
279.5

FOS
0.00
10.94
13.20
32.09
29.77

Allowable FOS

1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50

Check
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe

Check for sliding

load case 1
load case 2
load case 3
load case 4
load case 5

1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50

Check
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe