MCB 2034 SOLID

MECHANICS

Chapter 1: Stress

January 14, 2014

Chap 1 : Stress
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Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

Determine the internal resultant loadings by applying

methods of sections and equations of equilibrium
Determine the average normal and average shear
stresses in loaded members
Produce a safe design by incorporating the concepts of
allowable stresses and factors of safety

WHAT IS ENGINEERING MECHANICS?

Branch of physical sciences concerned with state of

REST or MOTION of bodies subjected to forces

Study of what happens to a thing (the technical name is
body) when FORCES are applied to it.
The body or the forces could be large or small.

BRANCHES OF MECHANICS

Mechanics

Rigid Bodies
(Things that do not change shape)

Statics

Dynamics

Deformable Bodies
(Things that change shape)
Solid Mechanics

Fluids

Incompressible

Compressible

Solid Mechanics

Other names:

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Strength of Materials
Mechanics of Materials

Definition: A branch of engineering mechanics that

studies the internal effects of stress and strain in a

solid body the is subjected to an external loading.

Review Statics
Equations of Equilibrium
It must be satisfied in order to prevent a body from translating
and rotating

F 0

FX 0
FY 0

FX 0

FZ 0

FY 0

M X 0

M O 0

M Y 0
M Z 0

Review Statics
Support Reactions
If the support prevents translation in a given direction, then
the reaction force must be developed
If rotation is prevented, then a couple moment must be
exerted on the member

Internal Resultant Loadings

Practice

Chap 1 : Stress
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1.1 Introduction
Stress
intensity of the internal forces distributed over a given section (area)

basic units:
N/m2 or pascal
psi (pounds per square inch)
prefixes used for units :
kilo, k (103)
mega, M (106)
giga, G (109)

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Normal Stress Force per unit

area acting normal to A

Fz
z lim
A0 A

Shear Stress Force per unit

area acting tangent to A

Fx
zx lim
A 0 A
Fy
zy lim
A 0 A

Chap 1 : Stress
1.2 Average Normal Stress
P

A
where

= average normal stress

P = internal resultant normal force
A = cross-sectional area

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Chap 1 : Stress
Example 1
The bar in Figure E1 has a constant width of 35mm and a thickness of
10mm. Determine the maximum average normal stress in the bar when
it is subjected to the loading shown.

Figure E1

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Chap 1 : Stress
1.3 Average Shear Stress
avg

where
avg = average shear stress
V = internal resultant shear force
A = cross-sectional area

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Chap 1 : Stress
2 different types of shear:
(a) Single shear

(b) Double shear

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Chap 1 : Stress
Example 2
The bar shown in Figure E2 has a square cross section for which the depth
and thickness are 40mm. If an axial force of 800N is applied along the
centroidal axis of the bars cross-sectional area, determine the average
normal stress and average shear stress acting on the material along

(a) section plane a-a

(b) section plane b-b

Figure E2
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Practice
Determine the internal normal force, shear force,

and bending moment at point C.

Chap 1 : Stress
1.4 Allowable Stress
allow

fail
n

allow

or

where

allow, allow = allowable stress

fail, fail = failure stress
n = safety factor

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fail
n

Chap 1 : Stress
1.5 Design of Simple Connections
Member subjected to normal force

where,

A = required area of the section

P = normal force

allow

Member subjected to shear force

where,

A = required area of the section

V = shear force

allow
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Chap 1 : Stress
Example 3
The control arm is subjected to
the loading shown in Figure E3.
Determine to the nearest 5 mm
the required diameter of the steel
pin at C if the allowable shear
stress for the steel is allow = 55
MPa. Note in the figure that the
pin is subjected to double shear.

Figure E3
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Free Body Diagram