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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Outline
Introduction
Conclusion
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
3 / 27
Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
free
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ima
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fre
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Non
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Outline
Introduction
Conclusion
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Ahmed body
k model
Fluent
v = 40 m.s1
v = 40 m.s1
height h = 288 mm
Re = 747000
k RNG model
height h = 288 mm
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
h
y
0 x
Flow characteristics
height h = 0.288 m
length l = 0.5 m
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Microjet velocity
discrete value in {0, 33, 66, 99} m.s1
Uniform velocity profile at inlet
inflow velocity in {30, 35, 40} m.s1
Outlet outflow boundary conditions
19.5 mm
9.5 mm
Microjet actuators
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Objectives
Focus on pressure data on the back face
244 measure points are aggregated into a singular force f
Objective 1 - Model
Predict the force f (C, v ) for
any inflow velocity v in [30, 40]
any configuration C of actuators in {0, 33, 66, 99}5
Find a nonlinear mapping between
inputs defining the current inflow and an actuation configuration
an output describing the flow evolution
Objective 2 - Control
Control the actuators to maximize the force f (C, v ) when the inflow velocity varies
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Outline
Introduction
Conclusion
12 / 27
Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Overview
Why choosing a neural network?
Successful modeling of complex relationships between data inputs and outputs
Can model linear and nonlinear systems, static and dynamic ones
Universal approximator for nonlinear systems
Analogy with biological neural networks
A set of interconnected neurons processes the inputs
A training process iteratively adapts the neurons parameters to the data
Multilayer feedforward networks
Can approximate any nonlinear function to any arbitrary precision
MultiLayer Perceptron network
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Multilayer perceptron
Hidden layer
x1
Input
vector
x1
Output
layer
Output
vector
x2
w 1j
w 2j
bias
...
bias
x 0 1
w 0j
i=0
w ij x i
xn
x2
w nj
y1
x3
y2
x4
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Training setup
Global dataset of 3072 samples obtained with FLUENT simulations
3 inflow and 4 microjet velocities 3 45 = 3072 samples
Dataset randomly partitionned in
training subset 65% of the samples
validation subset 10% of the samples
test subset 25% of the samples
Network topology
6 initial inputs = (C, v ) 83 ones with HPU
1 output = f (C, v )
Hidden layer of 15, 20, 25, and 30 neurons
Control of the training process
500, 750, and 1000 training epochs
J.-F. C OUCHOT, K. D ESCHINKEL, and M. S ALOMON
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Prediction results
Performances of the different networks - Test subset of 769 data samples
Average on 20 trainings
Random subsets and initial network parameters
Topology
Hidden neurons
15
20
25
30
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Prediction results
Observation
Prediction
20
Resulting force f
-20
-40
-60
-80
0
100
200
300
400
500
Test data samples indexes
600
700
800
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Prediction results
Observation
Prediction
20
Resulting force f
-20
-40
-60
-80
500
550
600
Test data samples indexes
650
700
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Outline
Introduction
Conclusion
20 / 27
Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Controller - Objective
Hypotheses
Continuously varying inflow velocity v
Changing configuration C is time consuming
Objective
Real-time maximization of the back face step force f (C, v )
by modification of the actuators
Definition (Optimal configuration)
The optimal configuration C (v ) maximizes the force f (_, v ):
C (v ) =
f ((c0 , . . . , c4 ), v )
argmax
(c0 ,...,c4 ){0,33,66,99}5
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
)
Greedy algorithm to find C(v
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
i=n1
X
i1 ), vi )
f (C(v
i=1
i=n1
X
f (C0 , vi )
i=1
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
= 475 N in average
Average improvement of almost 125%
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Outline
Introduction
Conclusion
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
Conclusion
Summary
A neural network can provide suitable predictions in a simplified case
Only 5 actuators
Relevance of active flow control
The proposed control strategy improves the aerodynamic performances
Future works
Neural network design
Incremental training
Online training using information from sensors
Control strategy
Scalability of the method
Distributed approach
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Introduction
Problem Specification and CFD Model
Predicting the Flow using an Artificial Neural Network
Optimizing the Flow
Conclusion
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