Arvind Deshpande

Incompatibility among representations

Complex CAD/CAM systems
Shape, non-shape, design and manufacturing
data
Need to integrate and automate design and
manufacturing processes to obtain maximum
benefits from CAD/CAM systems
Direct translators and neutral formats

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

GKS (Graphical Kernel System)

PHIGS (Programmer's Hierarchical Interface for Graphics)
CORE (ACM-SIGGRAPH)
GKS-3D
IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)
DXF (Drawing Exchange Format)
STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data)
DMIS (Dimensional Measurement Interface Specification)
VDI (Virtual Device Interface)
VDM (Virtual Device Metafile)
GKSM (GKS Metafile)
NAPLPS (North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax)

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

The main objectives that were put forward for

GKS are:
To provide the complete range of graphical
facilities in 2D, including the interactive
capabilities,
To control all types of graphic devices such as
plotters and display devices in a consistent
manner,
To be small enough for a variety of programs

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

GKS 3D
PHIGS
NAPLPS

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4/10/2012

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

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IGES is the most comprehensive standard and

is designed to transmit the entire product
definition including that of manufacturing
and any other associated information

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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1.
2.
3.

4.

Flag section Optional

ASCII/binary/compressed ASCII
Start section(S) Man readable prologue
Global section(G) Details of product,
person originating the product, name of the
company originating it, date, details of
system which generated it, drafting
standard used etc.
Directory section(D) Index for the file and
attribute information like colour, line type
etc.
Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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5.

6.

Parameter Entry section(P)

Geometric entities- Point, line, arc, different
surfaces, curves, solid primitives etc.
Annotation entities Angular dimension,
diameter dimension, label, note, etc.
Structure entities Associativity definition,
text font definition, color definition, units
data etc.
Terminate section Sub-totals of record in
each of earlier sections
Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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The broad scope of STEP is as follows:

The standard method of representing the
information necessary to completely define
a product throughout its entire life, i.e.,
from the product conception to the end of
useful life.
Standard methods for exchanging the data
electronically between two different
systems.

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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4/10/2012

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The DXF format has been developed

and supported by Autodesk for use with
the AutoCAD drawing files.

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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A coordinate measuring machine is a dimensional

measuring device, designed to move the measuring
probe to determine the coordinates along the surface
of the work piece. Apart from dimensional
measurement, these machines are also used for
profile measurement, angularity, digitizing or
imaging.
A CMM consists of four main components: the
machine, measuring probe, control system and the
measuring software. The control system in a CMM
performs the function of a live interaction between
various machine drives, displacement transducers,
probing systems and the peripheral devices.

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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Control systems can be classified according to

the following groups of CMMs.
1. Manually driven CMMs
2. Motorized CMMs with automatic probing
systems
3. Direct computer controlled (DCC) CMMs
4. CMMs linked with CAD, CAM and FMS etc.
The first two methods are very common and self
explanatory. In the case of DCC CMMs, the
computer control is responsible for the
movement of the slides, readout from
displacement
transducers
and
data
communication.

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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Cantilever
type CMM

Gantry type
CMM

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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Dimensional Measurement Interface

Specification (DMIS) is a new standard
in communication being established by
CAM-I for manufacturing.

Arvind Deshpande(VJTI)

4/10/2012

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Function:Specifies a circularity tolerance for a

feature, and assigns to it a label.
Format: T(label) = TOL/CIRLTY, tolzon,
var_1, F(label)
var_1 can be: MMC or: LMC or: RFS
label is an alphanumeric label assigned
to the tolerance, and is up to 10 characters
in length.

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