1.

A group can be either ________ or ________.

a. independent; solitary
b. formal; informal
c.
formal; objective
d. positive; negative
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2.

People form groups for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ________.
a. to develop an identity
b. to counteract positive attention
c.
to foster social identities
d. to understand who they are and how to act
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3.

0
a.social and command
a.Command and task groups are dictated by formal organization, whereas
interest and friendship groups are informal alliances.

A command group represents individuals working together to complete a job task.

a. True
b. False
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5.

0
a.to develop an identity
a.People form groups to feel a sense of camaraderie and belonging. Social
identities help us understand who we are and how we fit in with other
people.

Its possible to further sub classify groups in organizations. The types of organizational subgroups are _
_______ groups.
a. social and command
b. command and task
c.
task and interest
d. interest and social
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4.

0
a.independent; solitary
a.A group is two or more individuals, who interact and who are
interdependent, coming together to achieve particular objectives.A formal
group is a designated work group defined by an organizations structure.
An informal group is one thats neither formally structured nor
organizationally determined; such a group appears in response to the
need for social contact.

0
a.True
a.A group that represents individuals working together to complete a job
task is called a task group, not a command group.

Temporary groups with deadlines follow the five-stage team-development model.

a. True
b. False

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6.

Which of the following does NOT characterize the storming stage of group development?
a. intragroup conflict
b. resistance
c.
leadership conflict
d. clear purpose
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7.

1
a.True
a.Groups generally pass through a predictable sequence in their evolution,
which is called the five-stage model of group development.

Role expectation defines the ways in which ________.

a. we should behave
b. others think we should behave
c.
we inspire others
d. others inspire us
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10.

0
a.True
a.According to an OB Poll, 60 percent of men like to work in groups to learn
from others, compared to 49 percent of women. In addition, 64 percent of
men said they like to work in groups to complete tasks, as opposed to 75
percent of women who said they do not like working in groups to complete
tasks.

The five-stage group-development model characterizes groups as forming, storming, norming,

performing, and adjourning.
a. True
b. False
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9.

0
a.intragroup conflict
a.While members accept the existence of the group, they resist the
constraints it imposes on individuality. Moreover, there is conflict over who
will control the group.

Men and women equally like to work in groups.

a. True
b. False
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8.

a.True
a.Because of their deadlines, temporary groups do not seem to follow the
usual five-stage model. Studies indicate they have their own unique
sequencing of action (or inaction).

0
a.we should behave
a.Role expectations are the way others believe we should act in a given
context.

According to the textbook, a role in organization is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT by __
______.
a. being an actors task on the stage
b. being different at different times for each person
c.
helping to shape groups members behavior
d. determining how we behave in various situations

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11.

We all have a certain view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation. This is called role
prescription.
a. True
b. False
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12.

0
a.people in groups dont like us
a.When compliance with one role requirement makes it difficult to comply
with another, the result is role conflict.

The reason why golfers do not speak when another golfer is putting on the green or that employees do
not criticize their bosses in public is because of ________.
a. psychological contracts
b. social norms
c.
close monitoring
d. external controls
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14.

0
a.True
a.We engage in certain types of behavior based on how we believe we are
supposed to behave, but this is called role perception.

We experience role conflict when ________.

a. people in groups dont like us
b. one role requirement makes it difficult to comply with another
c.
we have difficulty working with other people
d. we have differing objectives
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13.

1
a.being an actors task on the stage
a.A role is a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone
occupying a given position in a social unit. We are required to play a
number of diverse roles, both off and on the job. In an organization, a
role does NOT refer to an actors task on the stage.

0
a.psychological contracts
a.Norms are acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are
shared by the groups members. Different groups, societies, and
communities all have different norms, but they all have them.

What was the PRIMARY conclusion of the Hawthorne studies at Western Electric Company in Chicago
between 1924 and 1932?
a. Tardiness in some circumstances was accepted.
b. Performance norms decreased in certain groups.
c.
A workers behavior and sentiments were closely related.
d. Flexibility in a workers behavior put him or her in a better group.
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0
a.Tardiness in some circumstances was accepted.
a.The correct answer is C. The Hawthorne studies examined the
relationship between physical environment and productivity. The study
concluded that a workers behaviors and sentiments were closely related,
group influences were significant in affecting individual behavior, and group
standards were highly effective in establishing individual worker output.

15.

Which of the following does NOT determine status?

a. the power a person wields over others
b. a persons ability to contribute to a groups goals
c.
an individuals personal characteristics
d. antisocial or extremely social behavior
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16.

If you want to be accepted by a particular group, you must conform to the groups norms.
a. True
b. False
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17.

1
a.True
a.Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when
working together than alone. It directly challenges the logic that the
productivity of the group as a whole should at least equal the sum of the
productivity of the individuals in that group.

According to the textbook, large groups are faster at completing tasks than smaller groups.
a. True
b. False
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19.

1
a.True
a.There is considerable evidence that groups can place strong pressures
on individual members to change their attitudes and behaviors to conform
to the groups standard.

Social loafing is defined as the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively
than alone.
a. True
b. False
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18.

0
a.the power a person wields over others
a.Status is determined by the power a person wields over others, a person
s ability to contribute to a groups goals, and an individuals personal
characteristics- it is not directly determined by the social levels of an
individuals behavior.

0
a.True
a.The size of a group affects the groups overall behavior, but it depends on
what dependent variables you look at. Small groups are faster at
completing tasks than larger ones. However, in problem solving, large
groups consistently get better marks than their smaller counterparts do.

If the goal of the group is fact-finding, then the group should be _________. If the goal of the group is to
take some action, then the group should have _________ members
a. larger; 7
b. smaller; 14
c.
medium-sized; 10
d. extra large; 20

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20.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended way of preventing social loafing?

a. setting group goals
b. increasing intergroup competition
c.
engaging in peer evaluation
d. making the size of the group smaller
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21.

0
a.True
a.Group cohesiveness can be encouraged by making the group smaller,
encouraging agreement with group goals, increasing the time the group
spends together, increasing the groups status and the perceived difficulty
of attaining membership, stimulating competition with other groups, giving
rewards to the group rather than individual members, and physically
isolating the group.

Which of these statements are true?

a. If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will be low.
b. If cohesiveness is low and performance norms are low, productivity will be high.
c.
Low productivity always indicates low cohesiveness.
d. Low productivity always indicates high social loafing.
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23.

0
a.setting group goals
a.Setting group goals, increasing competition, conducting peer evaluations,
selecting highly motivated people, and basing group rewards in part on
each members unique contributions are ways that will prevent social
loafing. Social loafing can still occur in small groups.

Nothing can be done to increase or encourage group cohesiveness- it either happens or it doesnt.
a. True
b. False
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22.

1
a.larger; 7
a.Larger groups seem to work better when fact-finding is necessary.Group
s of approximately seven members tend to be more effective for taking
action.

1
a.If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will
be low.
a.When cohesiveness is high, but performance norms are low, a cohesive
groups productivity will be low. Therefore A is correct. If both
cohesiveness and performance norms are low, productivity will be low.
However, low productivity does not always indicate low cohesiveness or
social loafing.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of group cohesiveness?

a. group members have spent a great deal of time together
b. a groups small size facilitates high interaction
c.
external threats have brought members closer together
d. employees think groups should be cohesive

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24.

Group cohesiveness has no effect on group productivity.

a. True
b. False
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25.

1
a.True
a.Group decisions are generally more accurate than the decisions of the
average individuals in a group.

Critics of groups offer all of the following as reasons why groups shouldnt be convened, EXCEPT that
________.
a. groups consume more work hours than individuals to complete a problem
b. ethics and self-interests flourish in groups, defeating group cohesiveness
c.
theres no evidence that groups are more effective than individuals
d. members in long-term groups eventually conform to groupthink
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27.

0
a.True
a.Studies show that there is a relationship between cohesiveness and
productivity, but that it depends on a groups performance-related norms.

Group decisions are generally more accurate than the decisions of the average individuals in a group.
a. True
b. False
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26.

0
a.group members have spent a great deal of time together
a.Group cohesiveness is the degree to which members are attracted to
each other and motivated to stay in the group. Cohesiveness is important
because it affects group productivity. Some work groups are cohesive
because the members have spent a great deal of time together, or the
groups small size facilitates high interaction, or external threats have
brought members close together.

0
a.groups consume more work hours than individuals to complete a problem
a.The correct answer is - groups are often more effective in certain areas
than individuals. Group decision-making does consume more work hours
than if an individual were to tackle the same problem alone. Most
organizations face scores of ethical decisions every day. When ethics and
self-interests align, the choice between them is easy.Very often, though,
the two choices arent perfectly aligned and we must choose between what
is expedient and what is ethical. This is especially difficult in groups.
Additionally, members of groups are exposed to groupthink, which
occurs when the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of
alternative courses and the full expression of deviant, minority, or
unpopular views.

Groups are generally less efficient than individuals are.

a. True
b. False

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28.

Which of the following is NOT a strength of group decision-making?

a. more complete information and knowledge
b. an increased diversity of views
c.
group conformity due to pressure
d. group acceptance of a solution
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29.

0
a.have members who play separate roles
a.Interacting groups are where the most common form of decision-making
takes place. Members meet face-to-face and rely on both verbal and
nonverbal interaction to communicate.

The nominal group technique ________.

a. requires everyone in the group to be quiet
b. blocks the creativity of group members
c.
restricts interpersonal communication during the decision-making process
d. provides nominal resources to the group
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31.

0
a.more complete information and knowledge
a.The answer is - group conformity is a weakness, not a strength, of group
decision-making. Groups generate more complete information and
knowledge.By aggregating the resources of several individuals, groups
bring more input and a diversity of views into the decision making process.

Interacting groups ________.

a. have members who play separate roles
b. rely on verbal and nonverbal communication
c.
are the least common form of decision-making groups
d. dont really interact at all- this is a misnomer.
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30.

1
a.True
a.Because groups can include members from diverse areas, the time spent
searching for information can be reduced. However, advantages in
efficiency tend to be the exception. Groups are generally less efficient than
individuals are.

0
a.requires everyone in the group to be quiet
a.Because brainstorming can create a situation called production blocking,
the nominal group techniques restricts discussion or interpersonal
communication during the decision-making process, The members of the
group write down ideas on the problem and present ideas to the group one
by one.

Brainstorming can overcome the pressures of conformity that can dampen creativity
a. True
b. False
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1
a.True
a.Brainstorming encourages any and all alternatives while withholding
criticism, allowing group members to overcome the pressure to conform.

32.

Brainstorming is a way of ________.

a. encouraging social loafing
b. creating a cohesive group
c.
stimulating creativity
d. criticizing group members
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33.

Social loafing occurs more often with groups in collectivist cultures.

a. True
b. False
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34.

0
a.True
a.Cultural differences do affect status, although the importance of status
varies among cultures.

One study of jury behavior found that the members of diverse juries ________.
a. hadtoo many opinions
b. couldnt come to a decision
c.
were more likely to deliberate longer
d. displayed animosity towards fellow jury members
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36.

0
a.True
a.Social loafing is not consistent with collective societies in which
individuals are motivated by in-group goals. In studies comparing U. S.
employees with employees from the Peoples Republic of China and Israel (
both collectivist societies), the Chinese and Israelis showed no propensity
to engage in social loafing and actually performed better in a group than
alone.

Cultural differences have no relationship with status.

a. True
b. False
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35.

0
a.encouraging social loafing
a.Brainstorming groups allow members to freewheel as many alternatives
as they can in response to a problem. This encourages creativity, as
criticism is not allowed.All alternatives are recorded for later discussion
and analysis.

0
a.hadtoo many opinions
a.The study found that members of a diverse jury were more likely to
deliberate longer, share more information, and make fewer factual errors
when discussing evidence.

In China, workers actually prefer working in a group and are motivated by group goals.
a. True
b. False

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1
a.True

Feedback:

a.According to the textbook, Chinese people show no propensity to engage

in social loafing. They are motivated by group goals. However, in
individualistic societies such as the U. S. that are dominated by self-interest,
social loafing is more likely.