Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GlobalFuelEconomyInitiative
Indonesia
AdePalguna
INDONESIA
AhmadSafrudin
KPBB
Content
FuelsSupplyandDemand
pp y
FuelsSubsidyasthethreat
EnergyMix(Existing2005andPredictionfor2025)
CleanFuelsandVehiclesStandardinSouthEastAsia
ProgressonDialogtowardCleanFuelsandVehiclesRoadmap
(Indonesia and South East Asia)
(IndonesiaandSouthEastAsia)
GFEI IndonesianProject
Conclussion and Recommendation
ConclussionandRecommendation
WorseningAmbientAirQuality
AAQSReport2008
City
Parameter Dominant
Jakarta
81
PM10
Bandung
10
PM10
Semarang
PM10
Surabaya
58
SO2
Medan
16
CO
g
y
Palangkaraya
123
O3
Source:MinistryofEnvironment2008
Transportation
andAirPollutionIssue
MotorvehicleisgrowingfasterwitholdenginetechnologyandworseonI/M
DisasterAirPollution:
Transportationismajorairpollutioncontributorincities
Transportsectorabsorbssignificantportionoffuels
Contributesto23%GHGemission
Trafficjam:
Increasingoftransportationdemand/mobility
Dominatedbyprivatecarandmotorcycle
SocialandeconomiclossalmostUS$500millionp.a.(Jakarta),andUS$65
millionp.a.(Bandung),
Increasingofemissionloadinthecity.
Lowonpublictransportservices
Volume (b
bbl/day)
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
Note:
FuelS upply=Domesticfuelproduction+Import
Dataon20062020import=C
Data on 2006 2020 import = C onsumptionP
onsumption P roduction
Fuelconsumptiongrowth(average)19952005is4,6%
Assumingaveragefuelconsumptiongrowthof4,5%in20062020
INDONESIA
Consumption
Domestic Fuel Prod.
Fuel Supply
30.000.000
25.000.000
Household
Note:
Electricity
Data on fuel
production
until Nov
Nov. 2008
Data on Av.
Gasoline & jet
fuel
consumption
not available
yet
Industry
Transportation
Production
20.000.000
15 000 000
15.000.000
10.000.000
5.000.000
Av.
Gasoline
Jet Fuel
Household
Electricity
Industry
y
Transportation
Production
INDONESIA
3.786
Reg.
g
Kerosene
Gasoline
ADO
IDO
FO
7.861.254
7.874.842
27.578
3.280.678
41.050
36.061
6.846.097
128.810
1.378.939
19.551.494
184
11.139.574
21.493
309.909
285.903
3.382.417
Tera
a Joule (TJ)
4.E+06
3.E+06
3.E+06
2.E+06
2.E+06
1.E+06
5.E+05
0.E+00
1991
1993
1995
Industry
Source:MoEMR,processedbyKPBB2008
INDONESIA
1997
1999
Year
Transportation
2001
2003
Agriculture
2005
2007
Domestic
,
Coal 17%
Coal,
2025
(Presidential Decree)
(PresidentialDecree)
Natural gas,
22%
Renewable
, 17%
Hydropower
3.80%
Natural
gas, 30%
Geothermal,
2%
Crude oil,
55%
Coal, 33%
Source:MoEMR,processedbyKPBB2008
INDONESIA
Crude oil,
20%
EnergySubsidies
PhaseoutFFsubsidiesin2014
INDONESIA
Social Issue
SocialIssue
Indonesiaisademocraticcountry:
SStrongcivilsocietymovement
i il
i
Publicinterestisthesensitiveissuetoraisesocial
pressure:
Phaseoutoffuelssubsidy
Increasingoffuelprice
Certainindustrieshaveinteresttokeepfuelssubsidy.
C t i i d ti h
i t
tt k
f l
b id
Needsthecompromisedoptiontosolvethe
fossil fuel subsidy phaseout:
fossilfuelsubsidyphase
out:
Taxincentivepolicy
Nonfossilfuels.
INDONESIA
EmissionStandard
N Li ht D t V hi l (SelectedAsiaPacificCountries)
NewLightDutyVehicle
Source:IFQC
FuelsSulfurContentinAsia(ppm)
2010
2500
2000
1500
1000
Gasoline
Diesel
500
Gasoline
2007- 2011
2012 - 2015
2016 - 2020
2021 - 2025
Euro 2
EURO 3
EURO 3
EURO 4
Produced by UP II, Produced y by UP IV,VII Produced by all
Produced by all refineries.
UP III, UP IV ,UP V,
refineries.
UP VI & UP VII
EURO 4 produced by EURO 4 produced by
New Refinery
New Refinery
EURO 2
Produced UP II,VI
ADO
EURO 2
Produced by all
refineries
EURO 3
EURO 3
Produced by all
Produced by all refineries.
refineries.
EURO 4 produced by EURO 4 produced by
New Refinery
New Refinery
Refinery Development
Modification
Addition of Refining
unit
Contruction Of New
Refinery
Construction of RCCU
in UP IV & V (2015)
Construction
isomerization units in
IV & V( 2014)
Addition of
Desulfurization unit in
UP IV
150 MBCD (2014)
Standard EURO 4
*TodayhasbeenrevisedbyPertamina
13
Addition of Selective
Hydrogenation in UP IV,V
Addition of Benzene
Splitter in UP II, III, V
Addition of
Desulfurization UP VII
Source:MinistryofEnergy
TheChallenges
toImproveFuelsQuality
I
F l Q li
(Pertamina)
Properties
QualityGap: DomesticProductvsEURO
Unit
RON
D
i
e
s
e
l
Domestic Refinery
Reguler
Pertamax
Pertamax Plus
88
Specification
Domestic Refinery
Premium
Pertamax/
Reguler
Pertamax Plus
EURO II
Global
EURO III
EURO IV
91 - 95
88 min
91/95
91/95 min
95 min
95 min
Sulfur content
mg/kg
50 - 200
50 - 100
500 max
500 max
500 max
150 max
50/10
Lead content
g/l
< 0.006
< 0.006
0.013 max
none
0.013 max
0.005 max
0.005 max
Benzene content
%v/v
1-3
1-3
5 max
5 max
1 max
1 max
Aromatic content
%v/v
20 - 44
20 - 44
50/40 max
42 max
42 max
35 max
Olefin content
%v/v
2 - 29
2 - 29
18 max
18 max
18 max
Vapour pressure
kPa
49 - 60
49 - 60
60 max
60 max
60 max
Unit
Domestic Refinery
Reguler
PERTADEX
EURO II
Global
EURO III
EURO IV
Properties
Cetane number
Density
Sulfur content
Distlasi 95%
62 max
60 max
Specification
Domestic Refinery
Solar 48
Solar 51
49 - 63
53
48 min
51 min
49 min
51 min
51 min
kg/m3
819 - 853
840
815 - 870
820 - 860
820 - 860
845 max
845 max
ppm
400 - 2400
200 - 300
3500 max
500 max
500 max
350 max
50 max
oC
380 - 385
355
370 max
360 max
370 max
360 max
360 max
Source:Pertamina
New Naphtha
Hydrotreater
New Reformer
New Ref. SPL
Benzene
Saturation
Revamp
Platformer I
RU III
New Naphtha
Hydrotreater
New Reformer
New Ref. SPL
Benzene
Saturation
RU IV
New Naphtha
Hydrotreater
New Reformer
New Ref. SPL
Benzene
Saturation
Revamp
Platformer I
RU V
RU VI
New Naphtha
Hydrotreater
New Reformer
New Ref. SPL
Benzene
Saturation
Diesel Fuel
RU II
DHDT 35 MBSD
RU III
DHDT 28 MBSD
H2 plant
RU IV
Revamp THDT,
HDT, AHU II
RU V
RU VI
DHDT 60 MBSD
ItisneededUS$800million.
Aktifkan LCO
treater
Revamp GO HTU
Source:Pertamina
Note:
RU:RefineryUnit
Indonesiahas7refineryunitswhichislocatedinthewholecountry
15
MatchmakingAgenda
F l
FuelsandVehicleStandardinSouthEastAsia
d V hi l St d d i S th E t A i
(Euro4Standard)
Source:AAF,processedbyKPBBrefertotheRevisedCleanFuelRoadmap
Pertamina
Fueleconomystandard
NofueleconomystandardputinplaceinIndonesia
Japanisleadinginthissector,andgettingmorestringent
o AnnouncedinFebruary2007,withthetargetyearsetfor2015
A
di F b
2007 i h h
f 2015
2004
2015
Improvement
rate
Passenger Car
13.6km/L
16.8km/L
23.5%
Small Bus
8.3km/L
8.9km/L
7.2%
Small Truck
13.5km/L
15.2km/L
12.6%
Japan'sfueleconomystandardsaimtoachieveamaximumefficiency
improvementof23.5%overaperiodof10years
Source:ITPS,2007
NatllWorkshopCleanFuelsStrategy
Nat
Workshop Clean Fuels Strategy
15April2010
Objectives:
Theoverallgoaloftheworkshopistoequipdecisionmakerswith
knowledgeandinformationonfuelsqualityimprovementprogramme as
triggertoadoptcleanerfuelspolicyinIndonesiathroughmatch
making/harmonizebetweencleanerfuelsandvehicles,
ki /h
i b
l
f l
d hi l
EntrypointtoGFEI.
Achievement:
Reviewedandupdated airqualitystatus,fuelsquality,vehiclestandard,
transportstatus,andenergyconsumptioninIndonesia,anditsanalysis
relatedtotheIndonesianpolicies,regulation,standards,programs.
Commitmenttoharmonizecoordinationamongrelateddecisionmakerin
relationtoimprovefuelqualityintheframeworkof fuelseconomypolicy
(MinistryofFinance,MinistryofEnergy,MinistryofTransport,Ministryof
Industry,MinistryofEnvironment,OilIndustry,AutoIndustry,NGOsand
Universities).
FuelsEconomyApproach
NatlWorshopCleanFuelsStrategy,15April2010
Gasoline
DieselFuel
Vehicle
FuelEconomy
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
2055
Harmonizefuelsandvehiclesstandardintheshort
Harmonize
fuels and vehicles standard in the shortterm
term(3
(35
5years)isa
years) is a
triggerandentrypointtoadoptfueleconomypolicybasedon50%by2050
Transportationismajorairpollutioncontributorincities
Transport sector absorbs significant portion of fuel subsidy
Transportsectorabsorbssignificantportionoffuelsubsidy
Contributesto25%ofGHGemission
Useofalternative fuels isdeclining (CNG,LPG,Biofuels)
gg
GFEIisatrigger:
Harmonizefuelsandvehiclesstandardintheshortterm(35years)
isatriggerandentrypointtoadoptfueleconomypolicybasedon
50%by2050
Economicvaluation:
Thepotentialofcarbonreductionbyusingfuelseconomyinstrument:
FiscalPolicyReform:
Adotpcleanfuelsstandardisarequirementtoadoptloweremission
vehicle
Promotefuelefficiencevehicle
Thevaluationoncarbonreductionimpactoffuelseconomyinstrument
The valuation on carbon reduction impact of fuels economy instrument
Rationalfuespricingpolicyisapreconditiontoadoptcleanerfuelsstandard.
Technicalsolutionastheoptionoffuelseconomy
AdvocacyforPolicyReform:
Policydialogamongmultistakeholder
Policy dialog among multi stake holder
Policydrafting
Publiccampaign.
INDONESIA
Terimakasih
ThankYou
AdePalguna
Assistant Deputy For Mobile Sources Pollution Control
MOE Indonesia
Jl DI Pandjaitan Kav 24 Kebon Nanas Jakarta
Phone : + 62 21 859 11207
Fax. + 62 21 859 06678
Email : ade@menlh.go.id
Ahmad Safrudin
AhmadSafrudin
KPBB