GEf

W\-\'.1

----''Faun.,
If l='m t1Z(

sell 77;15 ivrkeX

)
]:'11 n eed

UfPRBANDj

When you need a hand

selling your favorite cause,
we can help with
full design. typesetting,
compositIOn, and printing services,
all under one roof,
Drop us a line,

UPPERHAND
12 Whitfield Lane
Coram, NY 11727
Or coil us via 2600,
(516)751-2600
Page

June,

1 987

2600

age and ethnic groups. Not too many

females, though. Why is that anyway?

Our first ever public get-together was

held in New York City earlier this

Besides getting a few new writers and

month. It certainly won't be our last.

attracting some curious onlookers, we

The opportunity to talk with some of

our readers and get "real-time"feedback

discu.sed some important matters. How

is something we don't take lightly. That's

holes seems to be on everyone's mind.

to store back issues without loose-leaf

why we'll be back on future Friday

There is a task force working on that.

afternoons.

The future of 2600 bulletin boards was

While our New York City get

also talked about. Since the Private

Sector is no longer in existence, we are

togethers will happen nearly every week,

we will be stopping in other places as
well. On Friday, July 31, we'll be in

in the process of looking for bulletin

Philadelphia. Just where exactly we

don't know yet. Look for specifics in the

serving as a network. We seem to have

July issue or call the office after July 1 st.

around here-what we need to know

boards across the country, possibly

an abundance of software and sysops

Otherwise look for us in the Citicorp

from the rest of our readers is what's

Center in New York Fridays at 5.

open in other parts of the country and

Our first meeting literally drew people

from across the country. We

the world. If you'd like to run a BBS,

write or call us and tell us what kind of

thank them

for the trouble. We had quite an

interesting grocrossing nearly all

equipment you have and what you'd like

to see.

STAFFBOX
Editor and Publisher

Eric Corley 110

Office Manager

Cover Art

Fran Westbrook

Tish Va Iter Koch

Writers: John Drake, Paul Estev, Dan Foley, Mr. French,

Emmanuel Goldstein, Chester Holmes, The Kid & Company,

Lex Luthor, Bill from RNOC, David Ruderman, Bernie S., Mike
Salerno, Silent Switchman, Mike Yuhas, and the usual
anonymous bunch.
Production: Mike DeVoursney.
Cartoonists: Dan Holder, Mike Marshall.
Editor Emeritus: TSH.

2600 (lSS'v 0749-3851) is puhlished monthl), by 2600

Enterprises, Inc, 7 Strong s Lane. Setauket, NY 11733.

Semnd class postage permit pending at Setauket. New York.

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2600

June.

1 987

Pa l(e

ALLNET:
by Mike Yuhas

A feature in April's 2600 noted that

A few weeks after I had made a bunch

of Allnet calls, I got a call from someone

Alinet would give customers five bucks

who claimed she was from Allnet, saying

credit if they persuaded a friend to sign up

that her records indicated I had been using

for AHnet's equal access service. If you

recaH, this pyramid scheme was a wee bit
deceiving-the friend would need to
designate AHnet as their primary carrier.

Allnet, and would I give her my name and

address so Allnet would bill me directly,
instead of letting my local Bell company
bill me. It sounded like a reasonable

April must have surely been a good month

request-they wanted to get their funds

for promotional creativity over at AHnet:

quicker-so I asked her to recite some of

I ended up with AHnet as my primary

the numbers I dialed to prove her

carrier, without my consent!!!

This tale begins in February, shortly

affiliation. Thus convinced, I gaye her the

information she asked for. At no time did

after I had started a new job. Part of my

she mention anything about setting me up

job requirement is to spend some time on

with Allnet as my primary carrier.

the phone talking to clients, etc., in the

But that is precisely what happened.

evenings. Since these calls would be

A few days later, my postman delivered

reimbursed by my company, I decided to

a form letter: "Welcome to Allnet 'Dial-I'

use another long distance carrier to make

Long Distance Service. You now have the

accounting easier. At random, I chose

benefits.... You are a highly valued Allnet

AHnet. This was to be a stopgap measure

c u s t o m e r . . . ... a n d a l o a d o f o t h e r

until I had received my MC I Cards (TM).

diplomatic rubbish from Allnet's Director

(Remember that with equal access, if

of Customer Service, Elaine Delves. It

you want to make calls on a secondary

carrier, i.e., not your primary carrier, all

listed a toll free customer service number,

800-982-4422, for questions, changes and

you would need do is dial lOXXX (XXX

"suggestions for improving our service." I

being the identification code of the

secondary carrier) plus the number you

felt my blood pressure rise about fifty

wish to reach. The local Bell company

bizillion points as I read. I wanted Sprint

back!!! Of course, I called their number,

would then bill you in the event you didn't

and was put on hold for about 20 minutes.

have an account with this carrier. It's also

The fellow who finally answered said that

interesting to note that this billing cycle is

no one in customer service had switched

often delayed by several months.)

me over to Allnet, so naturally there was

Page
I

June,

1 987

1600

A Horror Story
absolute(1' nothing he could do to remedy

situation. I thought m y fortunes would

the situation. He suggested I call my local

change.

Allnet office on

215-567-80!S0.

Bennett Kolber, who is apparently

My fortunes stayed the same.

Now I was mad. I spoke to a bigger big

s o m e s o r t of big s h o t in A lin e t ' s

shot named Bill Love. He was new on the

Philadelphia office, listened to my story:

job, he said, but he would rectify my

That Allnet had surreptitiously (and you

problem

thought only hackers and the folks in the

week, I called again. And again. He finally

immediate(l'.

After waiting a

Na t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Co u nci l a c t e d

said something like this: "I'm sorry, okay,

surreptitiously) connected me to their

that it's taken us, okay, so long, okay, to

network, and I wanted to be reconnected

get this matter resolved. But since I, okay,

back to Sprint, and that I would not call

don't represent Sprint, okay, or your

my local Bell company to make those

company, okay, there's no way, okay, that

armngements due to the principle of the

we can switch you back, okay, to Sprint."

thing, not to mention that they'd charge

(He really did talk that way.) In short, I

me five bucks for the change. My plight

would have to call my local Bell company,

must have really hit home with him

armnge to be disconnected from Allnet,

because he said he'd look in to the matter

and deduct the

and promised

p ro mised

-- --

that I'd get

$5 charge

from my bill.

There have got to be serious internal

connected back to Sprint within a couple

problems with a company that asserts that

of days.

I am "a highly valued customer" but seems

Unfortunately,' he did not define the

term "couple. "

to go out of its way to make me feel damn

sure that I won't do business with them in

I had spoken with him a "couple" of

this century, if I can help it. It took these

times to try to resolve the affair in an

clowns over a month to tell me that they

expeditious manner. I got nowhere. I then

were indeed powerless to satisfy me, but

spoke with Steve Edmonds, who also

my local Bell company had the problem

s eem e d s i n c e r e l y d i s t u r b e d b y m y

fixed in one five-minute phone call.

paging for free

by Bernia S.

D i d you ever want a beeper or pag i n g service

but dec ide against i t because of the cost? Wel l ,
i n many areas the local voice-paging system can
be used w i thout charge!
F i rst , a brief description of how a VOice-paging
system works. M any voice-pag ing systems work
by broadcast ing a l l pag i n g t raffic on the same
rad io f requency in the

VHF band around 150

M hz. A l l pagers on that system are tuned to the

same rad io f requency but each one has an audio
tone decoder t uned to a u n i que sequence of aud io

pager. When that number i s d i aled , the cal ler

hears a tone which prompts him to start his
. verbal message. This is l im i ted to a few seconds ,
after which another tone cuts him off. This voice
message is then temporari l y stored in an audio
tape buffer or a dig ital memory subsystem before
being routed to the pag ing t ransm i tter. A unique
tone sequence i s b roadcast just prior to the voice
message which triggers the appropriate pag ing
receiver so the subscriber only hears messages
i ntended for h im and not everyone else's on that

tones. Every subscriber is assi gned a d ifferent

same f requency. The pager t imes out after the

local or t o l l -free phone number that people should

cal l when they want to reach h i m through his

A couple of years ago w h i l e l isten ing to the

fixed- length message is over.

(continued on page 21)

2600

June,

1 987

Page 5

A HACKERS GUIDE
(Ticket

Box)

(Display)
(--- Coin

(NonCoin)
Sta 0+ 0-

VFY OVR SCN INW EMR

INT

SES

OGT

DA R&R SWB

due

(Station)

Cw
u

(Person)

(Coin
COL

2)

(AMA

RET

Timing)

CA
TMG

SP AT DDD

PA CL SP SP

NO

ST
TMG

Cd Cd Cd

CA

REC

HD HD HD

CAL

MSG

AS AS AS

( N um pad)
(Kpls key)

P OS

TB RT

HO

NY SP

RLS
CLD

BK FD

SPL

ST

KP KP

(Display Ctrl)
c h g CLG

KP KP KP

KP KP

tim

AMA

(Loop Ctl)
Cg Cg Cg

SR MB Mt PT

c1g

CG CD

BAK FWD

PA CL SP

I
e

Hotel ---. )

Sta 0+ 0- Gst

CG CD CT

( ----

(Release)

BAK FWD CAL T&C Nfy Chg Key

BAK

---- )

Pay

(---- Ring Designation ----)

(Outgoing trunk)

Sta 0+ 0- Pst Tne

N u mber
Plate

min NUM NUM NUM

100-8 TSPS

Console Layout

Abbreviations in capital letters are illuminated keys

Abbreviations in lower case are non-illuminated keys
Abbreviations in upper and lower case are lamps only
by The Mlraudlr
and The Lagion of Doom
I n th is article we w i l l d i scuss the basic layout ,
description, and use o f the keys found o n the
standard AT&T 100-8 TSPS ConsolI. Possible uses
for the i nformat ion contai ned herein ( besides for
just wan t i ng to know about the TSPS Conso le)
are primari ly social eng i neering appl icat ions. The
more you know about operators and the i r jobs ,
the more you can get them to do things for you . . . .
Above is the standard AT&T 100-8 conso le
layo u t . Whi l e there may be add i t ional or different
Page

June,

1987

1600

keys on t h e various consoles , they w i l l generally

resemble the above layout closely. I n the lower
right hand comer you w i l l notice the n umbers O-g
laid out i n to what resemb l es a keypad , which i s
exactly what i t is. The TSPS O perator (TSo) uses
this keypad for keying in not only routing
i nformat ion ( phone numbers , i nward routings ,
etc . ) but as a mUlti-pu rpose tool for entering
various n umeric codes recognized by the TSPS
software i tse l f . Rou t i ng i nformat ion app l ied onto
the t runks from the TSPS pos i t ion is done using

MF ( m u l t i -frequency) tones. When a TSO keys in

TO THE TSPS CONSOLE

a number or routing , the console buffers the
KP+inlormalion digits until the ST (start) key is
pressed , at which time it plays the buffered
KP+info digits+ST onto the trunk in a uniformly
spaced sequence . So if you were somehow able
to listen in on a TSO actually routing a call , it
would not sound l ike someone placing a cal l on a
standard touch-tone telephone (or home-made
blue box ) , but more l i ke someone pressing a
"redial key" on a touch-tone phone, except that
the tones would be MF tones, not touch tones.
The duration of the tone and space between the
tones are a network-wide standard , although the
network in most cases is quite tolerant to
dev i at i o n s of this standard. ( T h i s " l oose"
tolerance is what allows us to simulate in-band
signalling with our blue boxes) .
A t the upper left hand side of the diagram you
wil l see the ticket box. This box has 4 slots marked
New, Cancel , Scratch, and Completed. I bel ieve this
is used for manually filled out trouble and/or time
tickets. As far as I know, manually fil led time
tickets are a thing of the past , however in case of
equipment fai lure the tickets are presumably
available. The TSO would manually fil l out a
trouble ticket to report trouble reaching a number
out of her LAN ( Local Area Network-or the area
directly served by her particular TSPS position ) ,
whereas t o report trouble with a number i n her
LAN she would simply key in a trouble code
( u ti l i z i n g the KP-TRBl ( T ro u b l e ) key ) to
automatically place a trouble report .
To the right of the Ticket box you will see the
display. The display works in conjunction with
certain keys on the console, and is used to
d i s p l ay t i m i n g i n fo rmat i o n (ho u rs , m i n u tes ,
seco n ds ) , cost per m i n u t e , cal l i n g n umber
identification (what most people refer to as TSPS
ANI ) , numbers cal led , and various special codes.
The console display can be in one of two states,
either displaying digits or displaying nothing
(dark). Both of these states have different
meanings when resulting from certain procedures
attempted by a TSO . Lighted keys and lamps on
the console can be in one of three states: not
i l l u m i nated ( d a rk ) , i l l um i nated , or f l ash i n g .
Again , the state of a lampllamp-key means
different things under different conditions.
Below the Ticket box you will see a row of 5

keys start i n g w i t h the key labeled "VFY"

(Verify). These are various special purpose keys
used by TSPS that have no real "grouping" unlike
the other "key groups". These are:
( VFY)-Ver i fy , i l l u m i nated key . Used i n
conjunction with the keypad , it allows the TSO to
verify ( l isten i n ) on a telephone cal l that is in
progress, although any conversation taking place
on that cal l is scrambled to the TSO , and despite
popular belief the scrambling process is done at
the console level, and not on the trunk level. If
you were to somehow g a i n access to a
verification trunk from a non-TSPS position , the
conversation would not be scrambled .
(OVR SES)-Overseas, i lluminated key. Used in
overseas cal l completion through an Overseas
Tol l Completion Center/Server (IOCC) . I believe it
also allows the TSO to key in more than 10 digits
(standard POTS) for 1000 cal l completion.
(SCN )-Screen , i lluminated key. Lights to notify
the TSO that an incoming call has an associated
screening code (for example, 74=col lect calls
only, 93=special bil ling ) . Depressing this key
causes the code to show on display, and it's up to
the TSO to decipher the code and explain its
meaning to the customer if he/she is attempting
something forbidden by his associated screening
code. (For instance, prison phones have a
screening code of 74 , al lowing them to place
col lect cal ls only).
(INW)-Inward , i l l uminated key. Lights to notify
the TSO that the incoming cal l is "Operator to
Operator", therefore she answers by pressing the
key and saying, " Inward". In most cases inward
operators are actually TSPS operators with their
inward lamps lit.
(EMR INT)-Emergency Interrupt, i lluminated
key. Used in conjunction with the VFY key to
i nterrupt a cal l in progress w h i l e a l i ne
verification is being done. Pressing this key
causes an audible "beep" to be applied to the l ine,
and de-activates the console scrambling (for
roughly 30 seconds), allowing the TSO to talk to
the parties being verified / interrupted . Use of this
key and the VFY key, is constantly kept track of
via various security and maintenance TTY's. Any
abuse/misuse will set off alarms.
To the right of the above set of keys you w i l l
see three groups o f lamps/keys labeled "NOII
(continued on page 15)
2600

June,1987

Page 7

the telecom informer

The passage of the Electronic Privacy
Act (see the April column) provides a

BY DAN FOLEY

competitor in Dallas, Southwestern Bell

Mobile Systems (SBMS), engages in

flimsy legal barrier to eavesdropping on

"deliberate commercial spying" by

cellular phone calls. The more logical

monitoring data transmissions of the

response to eavesdropping would be

Metroplex network for its own

encryption. There are many products on

competitive benefit. In its response,

the market that encrypt telephone

SBMS admitted that it monitored

conversations (both cellular and normal

Metroplex transmissions, but only to

wireline). These range from mere audio

"obtain an estimate of its market share"

inverters (which take the voice signal

and "has not used the information for its

and invert it--with training, one can

own or another's benefit." SBMS said

even understand inverted conversations)

that "transmissions that may be

to digitalizing the voice and passing the

intercepted by the use of readily

data stream through a DES encryption

available scanning equipment are not

scheme. However, one then has to buy

protectible," even though in

encryption gear at both ends of the call.

Congressional testimony it argued for

Since the area of concern is the cellular

laws to protect communications privacy

link, it seems obvious that the cellular

regardless of the technology used to

phone companies should provide this,

provide the communications service.

and decrypt the call when it gets to their

SBMS also termed the cellular signals it

central switch before being passed to the

received "noncommunicative" and

normal phone lines. So far, only one

contended that Section 705 of the

cellular company does this-Bell

Communications Act (which prohibits

Atlantic Mobile Systems. In the

unauthorized use of radio transmissions)

Washington and Baltimore area, Bell

"does not apply to cellular data

Atlantic offers central switch based

transmissions." Metroplex replied that

cellular encryption. The cellular phone

SBMS "presents a totally confused and

user, however, must buy the AT&T

inaccurate picture of interception law"

1620E encryption device ($2,550), which

and said that its competitor has been

has been approved by the National

"caught with its hands in the cookie jar."

Security Agency. It uses a proprietary

digital encryption algorithm, offering
data transmission at 300, 1200, and 2400

Predictions
A market research report by Frost

and Sullivan projects a sixfold increase

bits per second. Scanner users will only

in the number of European cellular

hear a hissing if they attempt to listen in.

subscribers from the 240,000 using the

This represents a step in the right

service at the end of 1985. "This

direction, but until this becomes

optimistic scenario is drawn for Europe

widespread, cellular phone users can't

in spite of acknowledged pitfalls as high

really depend on the privacy of their

subscriber costs and some poor

reception quality," the research firm said

calls.
Violations

in a news release. The report predicts

An outspoken corporate supporter of

that shipments of mobile phones will

the new cellular privacy laws is now

reach 510,000 by the end of the decade,

alleged to engage in illegal cellular

amounting to $506 million. Usage

interception. In a complaint filed with

revenues will amount to $984 million a

the FCC, Metroplex Telephone

year by then, yielding a total 1989

Company charged that its wireline

cellular market "just shy of $1.5 billion"

Page 8

June, 1987

2600

(continued on page 20)

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letters, po box 99

A 11I1"t'stery

?a

statement that A TM 11/ consists of

badly xeroxed pages is a gross
When we in Grand Blanc, MI had exaggeration! A copier allows us to
crossbar in the 694 and 695 exchange, economically make a smaller number
we could simply pick up the phone and of copies so that we can update
dial 930. If I fused two lines together publications when important new
you could enter a phone number after a information arrives.
(3) A TM 11/ has one "cartoon" and
short code thatwas shortly hacked out,
does not contain "cartoons". Another
and listen to anything on that line.
Could you explain just exactly what gross distortion made is the reviewer'S
that was, and/or how it worked? Now assertion that most of the newspaper
clippings provided in A TM /1/ have
on ESS-5 it is busied out.
nothing to do with A1 M fraud. A TM 11/
Silicon Rat and the Mice
summarizes 31 news articles. Of
We don't know what it was you did, but
these, 28 relate to ATM and debit
if anyone out there has knowledge on
fraud, one to ATM networking, one to
the subject, we'd be most happy to hear
night depository crimes, and one to
about it. Numbers such as the one
PAC contributions.
you've mentioned have long been
(4) This review badly glosses over the
rumoured to exist. but conclusive proof
three - page feedback questionnaire,
simply hasn't been presented
which, in itself, contains many, many
ln R ep IY
ATM security insights. And it permits
anyone to systematically make an inDear 2600:
This letter is to reply to your review of depth security analysis of ATMs. And,
by way of feedback, it provides us more
A TM 11/ in the February issue of 2600. A
few of the comments made about A TM specific info for future editions of A TM.
(5) While the reviewer felt that my
11/ were valid. However, the review
contains so many gross and unfair statement, "ominous risks to our
distortions that I must question the freedoms and privacy" was "enter
reviewer's agenda. The reviewer's taining reading" to him, many people
flippant attitude about our freedoms regard the impact of EFT devices upon
and privacy reinforces this suspicion. our freedoms and privacy as extremely
O u r r e s p o n s e t o s o me o f h i s g r a v e . A b o u t 75 p e r c e n t of t h e
feedback we receive regarding these
complaints are:
(1) The size of the print used in A TM "ravings" are favorable. About 25
percent are not. They add to the
11/ is 75 percent of elite type, and is
larger than the print used in many seriousness of the work because they
n a t i o n a l p u b l i c a t i o n s . I t i s v e ry make it clear that ATMs are a serious
readable. A TM 11/ is compactly and threat to average,law-abiding citizens.
(6) The current price of A TM 11/ is
concisely written and contains more
info in 18 pages than many books 100+ $20. If anyone wants to produce his
pages long. A TM 11/ is one of a kind- own, unique ATM publication at a
this info is not found in any other lower price,he's certainly entitled to do
publication available to the general so.
(7) 90+ percent of the material that
public!
(2) A TM 11/ is reproduced on a Canon g o e s i n t o o u r p u b I i c a t i o n s i s
N P-155 copier. Some variations in contributed by readers. We are not
quality may exist,but to make a blanket afraid to publish anything on ATMsDear

Page 12

2600:

June. 1987

2600

middle island , ny 1 1 9 5 3 -0099

no matter how lengthy, detailed, or
shocking. But only If we can obtain that
info. W e are working on A TM I V. Please
contribute info to it. Our publications
are what you make of them !
John J . Will iams
President, Consumertronics

537
NM 883 1 0

P . O . D rawer
Alamogordo,

Military Madness
Dear

2600:

I recently ordered a book that was

confiscated by the military. Apparently
they feel 2600 is safe to read, so I don't
mind the lack of an envelope. I do like
the new format.
Thanks for the info on TA P and
Compute!. I lost money on TA P.
I'd like to see more hardware info. I
am fairly competent on computer
architecture (I built a home-brew using
a Z-80 and have started on a robot), but
I can't find telecommunications stuff.
I'd like to build a modem for my home
brew. Any suggestions?
M D LP

A ds in the 2600 Marketplace usually

yield quick results. A nd they 're free to
subscribers.

More Publications
Dear

2600:

As an avid info junkie, I suggest you

print a list of recommended readings in
a future iss u e . You often refe r to
publications that seem interesting and
related to the info/telecom enth usiast,
but are usually unobtainable at my
local newsstand or library. Addresses
and subscription/sample copy
information for magazines like Th e
A ce , Mon itoring Tim e s , Pa y Ph o n e
Magazine and no doubt many others

which you receive would be

appreciated . (How about contacting
Mark Tobias and printing an
unexpurgated version of his payphone
article?)
I look forward to your reply.
Best wishes from

21 6

Tabula Rasa

The A ce and Monitoring Times provide

a gre a t lo ok at the excit ing a n d

subversive world of radio. The A ce
costs $ 1 2 a year and their address is
PO Box 4 6 1 99, B a t o n Ro uge, LA
70895-46 1 99 (first 1 0- digit zip we 've
e ver encountered). Monitoring Times
is $ 1 5 a year and you can write to:
G r o v e E n t e rp r is e s , P O B o x 9 8,
B r a s s t w ,! , N C 2 902. P a yp h o n e
. .
Magazme I S I n ItS thtrd year now. The y

p r in t lo t s o f n e a t a r t ic l e s a n d
a d v e r t i s e m e n t s o n p a yp h o n e s .
Subscriptions are $33 a year and their
address is P. D. Box 423 7 1 , Houston.
TX 77242. Let us know about any other
good magazines out there.

A dditional Facts
Dear

2600:

Regardi n g the mini-review of Who,

What. and Where in Communications

Security (page 2 1 , April issue), here are

a few additional facts your readers

might find useful :
( 1 ) The 1 98 1 edition was mostly 1
compilation of i n f o r m at i o n f r o m
manufactu r er s ' b r o c h u r e s abo u t
security-related products, along with a
"selected biblio g r a p h y " , a secti o n
explaining commonly-used acronyms,
a glossary of communications terms,
and some introductory articles about
various aspects of c o m m unications
secu rity . It ' s nice to h ave all t h at
information in one place (even though
it contained nothing that you cou l d n 't
h av e l e a r ne d by r e ading e a s i l y
available trade journals, or attending
any of the com sec conventions or trade
s h o ws ) . but t h e price f o r t h i s
convenience was a bit steep-$ 1 7 5 .
( 2 ) T h e above book was actually a
minor revision of a study first done for
Uncle. It first appeared as a National
Telecommunications and Information
Administration Contractor Report, #
N T i A - C R - 80 - 9 , " U se r s ' [sic ] G u ide,
V o i c e and D a t a C o m m u n i c a t i o n s

(continued on page 18)

2600

June,

1 987

Page

13

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TSPS

coin", "Coin 1 " , and "HolIl" . The TSO util izes the
condition of these lamps to identify the status of
incoming cal ls. There are three lamps that are
common to each of the three groups. These are:
(SIa) "Non-coin" lamp l ights when a non-coin
caller requires TSPS assistance in placing an
otherwise direct-dialable cal l (in some rural areas
that have limited D D D features) . "Coin 1 " lamp
lights on direct-dialed coin calls that are sent to
TSPS for payment collection . "Hotel" l ights on
H otel originated D D D cal ls. The TSPS also
receives the room number the cal l is being
originated from .
(0+ ) Lights to signify that the incoming cal l was
originated by a customer dialing a "O+telephone
number" for an operator assisted cal l in each of
the three groups (coin, non-coin, hotel /motel ) .
( Example: i f a customer were t o place a "person
to - p e rson ( o p erator ass i sted ) c a l l f rom a
payphone , this would cause the "0+" lamp in the
"co i n " g roup to l i g h t , one p l aced from a
residential phone would cause the "0+" lamp in
the "non-coin" group to l ight , etc . )
(0- )-aka "D ial Zero". Lights t o signify that the
incoming cal l was originated by a customer
simply dialing 0 (zero ) , in each of the three
categories (non-coin, coin, hotel/motel ) .
(PST PAY)- Post Pay , i l luminated key. This
shows up in the coin group only. I t's depressed by
the TSPS operator when a customer requests a
"post pay" cal l f rom a payphone, al lowing him to
deposit the full charge at the completion of the
call .
(TIII )-Tone , lamp. This shows u p i n the coin
group only. I bel ieve this lamp lights to inform the
TSO that a coi n customer has flashed his/her
switchhook duri ng a call in progress, requesting
operator assistance.
(BST)-Guest , i l luminated key . Th is l ights on all
hotel-originated calls.
Below the above rows of keys and to the far
left you will see a row of keys labled "Outgo l"
Trunks" . TSPS util izes this group of keys to select
various outgoing trunk groups . The keys are used
as follows :
(DA)- D i rectory Assistance, i l l uminated key .
U sed by TSO to place calls to the directory
assistance group.
( R&R)- Rate and Route, i l luminated key. Used

(continuedfrom page 7)

to place calls to rate and route. The Universal

Rate and Route position known to all you boxers
is found at KP+.OQ+ 1 41 + 1 21 +ST. (Editor's
note: This has just been phased out. TSPS
operators can now get this information without
calling another operator. )
( SWB)-Switchboard , i l luminated key. I believe
this key is used to reach a cord-board position ,
although I have no evidence of this.
( OG T j - O u t g o i n g T ru n k , i l l u m i nated key .
Depressed by the TSO to select an outgoing trunk
to be used to place operator assisted cal ls,
special purpose calls (such as Inward ) , etc .
To the right of this row of keys you will find the
group labeled "Ring" . These keys are uti lized by
TSPS to activate special purpose ring features
and line handling .
( BAK)- Ring Back , i l luminated key. Used by the
TSO to ring the originating party's l ine whi le
holding the forward l ine in the event that the
originating party loses his connection .
( FWD )- Ring Forward , i l luminated Key. Exactly
the opposite of ring back .
( CAL BAK)-Cal l Back , i l luminated key. Used in
special operator cal l back situations on person
to-person calls where the cal led party is not
available but a message is left anyway. I really
don't understand its ful l potential and most
positions I have spoken with don't either.
(T&c)-Time and Charges, i l luminated key.
( NIy)-lamp . Used in Non-ACTS (Automatic Coin
Tol l Service) originated calls and lights to inform
the TSPS to notify cal ler of expi ration of initial n
minute period (n being number of minutes entered
via the KP N FY key at the origination of the cal l ) .
(Chg Due)-Iamp . Lights t o inform the TSO that
more money is needed at the completion of a TSO
assisted coin cal l . The usual procedure is to ring
the coin station back and attempt to frighten the
customer into making the proper deposit ("If you
don't pay we'l l b i l l the called party . . . . " ) .
(Kly Clg)Key Cal l ing , lamp . This lamp i s used
by TSPS to determine the status of an incoming
"Operator Number Identification" (ONI) marked
caller or an incoming cal ler that was routed to
TSPS due to an "AN I (Automatic Number
I de n t i f i c a t i o n ) F a i l u re " ( AN I F ) Both ca l l
conditions show up as a "0+" cal l (hotel , non
coi n , coin-see above ) . If the cal l ing party is
(continued on next page)
2600

June, 1 981

Page 1 5

marked as "O N I Requ i red" the appropriate "0+"

lamp w i l l l i ght , and the " Key Cal l i ng" l amp w i l l be
l i t steady . If the i ncom i ng cal l was due to an
A N I F , the "0+" lamp w i l l be l i t , and the "Key
Cal l i ng" lamp w i l l be l i t and flash ing .
D i rectly to the right of the "Ring" g roup of keys
you w i l l find the "HII ... " set of keys . These two
i l lum inated keys al low the TSO to selectively
release ( d i sconnect from ) ei ther the cal l i ng , or
cal l ed part ies by pressing ei ther the " Release
Back" ( BAK) , or "Release Forward " (FWD) key
respectively.
To the right of the release set , you w i l l

see a

A GUIDE

t o - S t a t i o n " o r i g i n a t i n g c a l l e r p a i d c l a ss o f
charge, "Co l lect" (CL) t o attach "Station-to
Stat ion" Col lect Cal l , "Special Cal l ing" (SP CG ) ,
and "Special Called" (SP CD) which are both used
i n " S p ec i a l " S t a t i o n - to - S t a t i o n b i l l i n g
procedures , such as th i rd party, or cred it card
cal ls. "Auto Col lect" (AT CT) , used in coin b i l l ing
procedures and "D irect D istance D ia l i ng" ( O D D ) ,
attaches a D O D class o f charge in cases where
you have trouble d ia l i ng a number and req u i re
operator assistance in completing a cal l . Below
th is row of keys you w i l l f i nd the "Person" sub
g roup of AMA keys . Thei r uses are identical to
those in the "Station-to-Station" group only they
attach a "Person -ta- Person" rate of charge . The

g roup of four keys with no particu lar "group

designat ion " . These agai n are various multi
purpose keys that do the fol lowing :
( S H ) - S e rv i c e ( a s s i s t a n c e ) R e q u i red ,
i l luminated key . Pressed by the TSO to forward
the cal l i ng party to a superv isory console ( i . e .

can take on d ifferent mean ings under d i fferent

i rate customers demand ing superv isor) . I t can

cond i t ions, the above def i n itions are su i table for

also be used if the TSO is confused and needs

the sake of this article. A l l keys in this group are

i l l um i nated keys .
Below the "Cw" lamp you w i l l find two keys

assistance .
(MB)-Make Busy , i l l uminated key . Used to
"busy out" the conso l e , l ights when pressed . The
console w i l l not take any incom ing cal ls until it is
pressed again . (This is usef u l when gabb ing ,
doing nai ls, or f i l l ing out time/trouble tickets . )

"No AMA" key is pressed to e l i m i nate a charge for

a person-to-person cal l where the cal led party is
u navai lable. A lthough a l l the keys i n this group

under the head ing "Coin

2". The i r uses on "coin

orig inated" ( payphone) cal ls are : "Coi n Col lect"

(COL)-which causes the payphone to co l lect
coins , and the "Coi n Retum"

( HET) , which causes

( Mt)-Maintenance , lam p . This lamp i l luminates

to wam the TSO that her conso le has been placed

it to retu m a coi n . Both are i l lum i nated keys .

i n t o remote m a i n t e n a n c e / t e s t i n g m o d e . A

the "AMA Timing" group . These keys are used i n

conj unct ion w i th the "AM A " , and " K P " groups
for:
( CA TMG )-Cancel Timing , i l l um inated key .

flash ing MTNC lamp indicates a fau l ty console.

( PT)-Position Transfer, i l lum i nated key . A TSO
depresses this key to transfer the cal l i n progress
from her console (posit ion ) to another console.
Be l ow the "Outgoing Trunk" keygroup , you

w i l l see a lamp marked "Cw"-Cal l Wai t ing . Th is

l amp l ights on every acti ve console to i nform the
TSO that there are incoming calls wai t i ng .

To the right of the "Co i n

2" grou p , you w i l l find

Cancels AMA t i m i ng charges and also al lows the

TSO to change the class of charge on a cal l .
(ST TMG )-Start Timing , i l l uminated key . U sed
to start AMA timing after the appropriate class of
charge has been entered , and the cal l ing party

T o the far right o f the "Cw" lamp , you w i l l f i nd

has reached the cal l ed party in person-to-person

the AMA group of keys , broken into two sub

ca lls (or in stat ion-to-station D O D cal l s , when

the destination ring has been establ ished ) .
( CA CAL)-Cancel Cal l , i l lum i nated key . Used i n
conjunction w i th the Cancel Timing key t o Cancel

g roups , which are "Station" and "Penon " . A

comp lete description of each key in this group
wou ld require more room than is available here .
Basical ly these keys are used in conj unction with
the " K P" and "AM A Timing" groups of keys (see
below ) , for attaching the appropriate class of
charge to the cal l being ori g i nated . The keys i n
t h e "Stat ion" sub-class from left to r i g h t are
" Paid" ( PA ) , which is used to attach a "Station Page

16

June,

1987

26()()

a cal l and mark a "non -comp leted" cal l on the

AMA tapes (such as a person-to-person cal l
where the cal led party i s not avai lable) .
( H EC M S G ) - Record ( A M A ) M essag e ,
i l l u m i n a t e d key . U s ed a t t h e c o m p l e t i o n
( mean ing ca l l ing and cal led party are done

TO TSPS

talking) , to record the time of the cal l and the

appropriate class of charge onto the AMA tapes
and to release their forward connection .
To the right of the AMA timing group you will
see three columns of four buttons under the
heading of "Loop Control . These allow the TSO to
access any of the three loops avai lable to her for
placing cal ls. The keys have identical meaning in
each set . They are used in the following manner:
( ClG)-Cali ing Party, lamp. Lights to signify
person on said loop is a cal l ing party.
( ClD )-Cal led Party , lamp. Lights to signify that
person on loop is a called party.
( HlD )-Hold, i l luminated key. Places a loop into
a hold state. The cal l ing and cal led party can talk
to each other, and AMA timing can be started .
The cal l is held at the console.
(ACS)-Access, i l luminated key . Used by the
TSO to initially access a loop . Pressing this key
selects an outgoing loop , and readies the console
for placing a cal l onto it. It is also used to al low
the TSO back into a loop or loops in a hold state .
To the right of the loop control group you will
see the "Keypull8 Key" group. These keys are
pressed by the TSO to initial ize the keypad parser
into the proper mode for entering information ,
which is completed/entered by pressing the ST
key (to the right of keypad) . Their uses are as
follows:
( KP TB)-KP Trouble, illuminated key. U sed to
enter various TSO-encountered trouble codes
such as noisy l ine, customer(s) were cut off ,
couldn't complete cal l , etc . I believe the format
for entering a trouble code is as follows: "KP TBL
+ TC + NTE + C N + S1" where KP TBL is the KP
Trouble Key, TC is the 2 Digit trouble code, NTE
is the number of times trouble was encountered
(1 Digit ) , CN is the cal ler's phone number, and ST
is the start key. A record of the trouble is made on
the AMA tapes and the cal l ing party is usually
g iven credit.
( KP RT)- KP Rate, i l l uminated key . Used to
enter and display rate (charge) information . Can
also be used to display rate information at a
customer request .
( KP HO)-KP Hotel , i l luminated key. U sed for
manually entering a verbally requested room
number on hotel/motel originated cal ls.
( KP NY)- KP Notify, i l luminated key. U sed for
"

(continued)

entering t i me i n m i n u tes on a non-ACTS

originated Coin cal l . When entered time duration
is up, it causes the NFY lamp (see above) to
flash .
( KP SP)-KP Special , i lluminated key. U sed for
entering special numbers such as credit card l O's
and third party billing numbers. It causes TSPS
software to automatical ly query the BVA ( B i l ling
Validation) database to check the validity of the
number or credit card and w i l l flash if bill ing to an
i l legal card or number is attempted .
(KP BK)- KP Back , i l luminated key. U sed in
entering the cal l ing number in ANI fai lures
( A N I F ) , and O N I ( O perator N umber
Identification) required situations.
( KP FD )-KP Forward , i l luminated key. This is
the most commonly used KP key. I t's used to
enter the cal led party's number on all TSO
assisted cal ls. Pressing the ST (start) key causes
the entered number to be appl ied onto the
accessed trunks in MF tones.
(ST)-Start , i l l uminated key (found to the right
of the keypad ) . U sed in com p l et i ng a l l
K P+number sequences l isted above.
Below the "Coin 2" set of keys you w i l l see the
( POS RlS)- Position Release key. This key is
used by the TSO to release her pOSition from the
cal l . She would hit POS RLS after completing a
cal l , and also to release a person call ing to ask
her questions and not actually requesting that J
cal l be placed (name/place requests, etc . )
Below the Position Release key you w i l l see a
set of 5 keys labeled "Display Control". These keys
are used to make the console display show
assorted information . Their use is as follows:
(tlm)-Time, unlighted key. D isplays time of day
in military format.
(chg min)-Charge per M inute, unlighted key.
Displays the charge per minute on a call in
progress.
(ClG NUM)-Cal l ing N umber, i l l uminated key.
Displays the number of the cal l ing party.
(ClD NUM )-Called N umber, i l luminated key.
Displays the number of the cal led party.
( SPl NUM )-Special N umber, i l luminated key.
D isplays various special numbers such as Cal ling
Card numbers and third party bi lied numbers. Use
(continued on page 20)
2600

June, 1 987

Page 1 7

letters

(continued from page 13)

P r otecti o n Eq u ip m e n t," a n d cost

around $ 1 0 or $ 20.
M a n y fi r m s and i n divid u als who
contract with U ncle to put together
these r e p o rts lat e r r e - package the
information so they can sell it on their
o w n . T h i s is e s p e c i a l l y t r u e o f
companies within 75 miles or so of
Washington, DC.
U n cle is a wo n d e rf u l so u rce of
i n fo r m atio n . M a n y agencies a n d
departments of the government will
happily se nd to anyone who asks for a
list of publications which they have
published. The complete catalog is the
GPO Monthly Catalog, put out by the
Gov e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g office. This
catalog is also available as a database
on several of the leading database
services. You can do a search in a
min ute or two that will save you tons of
t i m e , a n d i t ' s o n e of t h e m o s t
reasonably-priced databases arou nd
only $35 per hou r.

The librarian

A uto von Info

Dear 2600:
There seems to be a passing fancy
with Autovon in you r "letters" colu mn.
The r u m o u rs and d isinformation that
you have pri nted in the past have been
amusing, but maybe it's time for a few
straight facts.
The AUTOmated VOice N etwork was
conceived by DoD in the early sixties to
e l i m i n a t e t h e h i g h c o s t of t h e
redu ndant networks that each o f the
a r m e d se rvices was o p e rat i ng. I n
addition to providing a uniform diali ng
plan for DoD installations worldwide,
Autovon allows off- net calls to other
( "com m e rcial " ) pho n e n u mbe rs. B y
calling the local Autovon switchboard,
you can also place an off-net to off- net
call, but you will need a special 8
character a u tho rizati o n code (t h e s e
change quarterly).
F rom an Autovon-capable line you
Page 18

June, 1 987

2600

may place "Routine" p recedence calls.

But since all the Washi ngton desk
bou nd paper pushers clog the network
w i t h t h e i r e n d l e s s j ab b e r i n g , a
"Routine " call frequently gets blocked .
A very select few Autovon lines ( " 4 wire" ) or the Autovon operator can
se lect a h igher precedence by pressi ng
one of the keys in the fou rth colu m n of
the touch-tone pad. This is done by
dial i n g the prece d e n c e befo r e the
n u m be r : D for " P r i o rity " , C f o r
" I m m ediate " , B for "Flash " and A for
"Flash Over ride". Autovon operators
don 't object to giving you a " Priority " or
" I m m e diate " t r u n k , b u t ask i n g f o r
anything higher will require special
keywords and brass balls. If you dial
one of these precedence keys on a
normal ("Routin e " ) Autovon lin e you 'll
get a recorded annou ncement from the
A utovon switch telling you that the
p r e c e d e n c e y o u s e l e c t e d is n o t
available o n the li n e yo u ' r e u s i ng.
W h e n y o u call a n o t h e r A u t o v o n
switchboard using "Priority " or higher
precede nce you hear a " Prior ity r i ng , "
which is a 3 to 4 second ring followed
by a one second pause. This usually
succeeds in getting Emma's attention
at the d istant switchboa rd.
T h e A u tovo n - t o - c o m m e rciaI
tra nslations you 've printed in the past
would be more interesting if you added
t h e FTS t r a n slat i o n , too. A colla
boration among you r readers might
result in a compend i u m that would be a
ha ndy desk reference for m ilitary and
federal employees.

Rusty D iode
It 's a lwa ys tim e for th is k in d o f
information in these pages. Let's hear
some A uto von stories-exp eriences
andproblems people have had with the
system!

Visions of Doom
Dear 2600 :
I live in Pasadena, a few miles from

(continued on page 22)

Z600 marketplace
B E ST HAC K E R AN D PH R EA K E R written

2400 BAU D M O D E M S . I ntern a l , for PC ' s

p u b l i c dom a i n softwa re for t h e App l e I I

a nd clones. $ 200 . 5 1 6 - 7 5 1 - 2 600, R a ndy.

fa m i ly . Two d o u b l e s ided d i s kettes fu l l of

I N E E D I N FO o n a power supply made for

com m u n i c a t i o n a n d deprotect i o n u t i l i t i e s .

Western E l ect r i c by AC M E E lect r i c Corp. i n

T h e s e prog r a m s w e r e com bed f r o m the best

1 9 7 1 . I t i s des i g n ated : R e ct i f i e r
Sem iconductor Type-J87233A-2 LI . I nput

B B S a nd c l u bs nat ionwide. Send $ 1 0 c a s h ,

c h eck, or M O to M a rk B . , 1 486 M u rphy R d . ,

i s 2081 24Ov, output 48v/30a u s i ng SCR's

Wi l m i ngton, O H 45 1 77-9338.

as control e l e m e nt s . Any i nfo wou l d be

WANTE D : Tech n i ca l data for pay phones,

a p p r e c i a t e d . A s c h e m a t i c w o u l d be

dot m a t r i x p r i nters, a nd / o r modem s .

wonderfu l . I ' l l be g l ad to re i m b u rse copy i n g

Loo k i n g f o r s c h e m a t i c s a n d t h eory of

costs. J . K l e i n , 1 2330 Tak i l m a R d . , Cave

operat i o n . Ca l l ( 205) 2 9 3 - 6 3 3 3 / 6 3 9 5 , 7 t o

J u n ct i o n , O R 9 7 5 2 3 .

4 CST. A s k f o r A i r m a n Paroc he l ls . Can not

F O R S A L E : Te x a s I n s t r u m e n t "Afe i s

accept co l l ect ca l ls .

p e r u r iter" ( S i l e n t 7 00 series) i n te l l igent

TA P BACK I S S U ES-co m p l ete co l l ect i o n ,

vo l . 1 - 84 p l u s s u pp l ementa l reports a n d

Contact Ted K . , P O Box 5 3 3 , A u b u r n , N Y

s c h e m a t i c s . Approx. 4 00 pages o f q u a l ity

cop ies sent via UPS or U S M a i l . $ 1 00

S C H E MATICS-BUY, S E LL, TRAD E . W e a r e

data t e r m i n a l . M a n y u s e s . R e a s o n a b l e .
1 302 1 -05 3 3 .

i n c l u des d e l ivery. Send cash, check or M O

i n terested i n e n l a r g i n g o u r col l ect ion of

(paya b l e to P E l ) . C a s h s e n t same d a y , others

c i rc u i t d i a g r a m s for i nterest i n g e lectro n i c

a l l ow 4 weeks, to Pete G., Post Office Box

463, M t . La u r e l , NJ 08054.

devices. S e n d l i st of w h a t y o u want/have

D OC U M E N TATI O N on e l ectron i c & d i g ita l

444 , S h awnee M i s s i o n , KS 66202.

a nd a SASE to : J . R . " Bob" Dobbs, PO Box

P B X ' s a nd sw itc h i ng syste m s . W i l l i n g to

P R I VATE

trade / p u rc h a s e . Also look i n g for B e l l

System Practices a n d other such

wo u l d l i ke to h e a r from other P . I . 's and/or

ANY other "spooks" i . e . N . S A , C . I .A . , F . B . I . ,

I N V E S T I GATO R B e n H a r r o l l

p a r a p h e r n a l i a . Write to B i l l , c/o 2600, PO

etc . for p u rposes o f exc h a nges i n ideas,

Box 7 5 2 B , M id d l e I s l a nd, N Y 1 1 9 5 3 .

tech n i q u es, sou rces, and eq u i pment. ( 6 1 9 )

32K M O D E L 1 00, U 1 - Rom I I , d r ive, TS

2 3 9 - 6 9 9 1 . 4 2 5 " F " S t . , S a n D i ego, CA

D O S , s p r e a d s h e et, m o d e m c a b l e s , AC

92 1 0 1

a d a ptors, b r i efcase i n c l uded, good

TAP BAC K I S S U E S . Repri nts of com p l ete

c o n d i t i o n , $ 1 2 0 0 . N ew , m a k e a n o f f e r .

co l l e ct i o n . O u a l i t y cop i e s . D e l i ve r y

Tandy 2000 vers i o n of WordPe rfect 4 . 0

i n c l u d e d . S e n d c a s h , c h eq u e , o r M O

$ 1 50 o r t r a d e f o r 1 200 or 2400 ba u d

( Paya b l e t o I P S ) . $60. J o h n L . , P . O . Box 722,

exte r n a l modem . I B M PC & XT & A T vers i o n

of WordPe rfect 4 . 1 a n d M a t h P l a n 2 . 1 . $ 2 50

2600 M E ETI N G S . F r idays at 5 pm at the

o r trade for 1 200 or 2400 b a u d exte r n a l

C i t icorp Center i n t h e Atr i u m- 1 53 East

Sta t i o n A. Downsview, O n t a r i o M 3 M 3A9 .

m odem . C a l l (803) 244 - 6429 or (803) 2 3 3 -

53rd Street, N ew York C ity. Come by, d rop

5 7 5 3 . A s k f o r Pa u l .

off a r t i c l e s , a s k q u e s t i o n s . W e ' l l b e i n

WAN TE D : Look i n g for a good u s ed 5 o r 1 0

P h i l a de l p h i a o n J u ly 3 1 . C h ec k J u ly issue

mega byte h a r d d r ive for t h e App l e I I series

for exact locat i o n o r ca l l 5 1 6 - 7 5 1 - 2 600

of com p u t e r s . If you a re s e l l i ng o n e or know

after J u ly 1 .

of a nyone t h a t is t h e n send rep l ies to : B r i a n

G OT SOM ETH I N G TO S E LL? Looking for

F . , 1 003 W . M a i n , Apt . 3, Ottawa , I L 6 1 350.

somet h i ng to buy? Or trade? Th i s i s the

T A I WA N ! A l l T a i w a n c o m p u t e r s a n d
a ccesso r i e s ava i l a b l e for d i rect s h ipment

p l a ce ! The 2600 M a rketp lace i s free to

s u bscr i be r s ! J u st send u s whatever you

for cost p l u s s h i p p i n g plus 3% (q u a n t i t ies of

want to say (w i t h o u t m a k i n g it too long) a n d

50 o r more). G i les, PO Box 1 2 5 6 6 , E I Paso,

we ' l l p r i n t it! O n l y peop l e p l ea s e , no

TX 799 1 3 .

b u s i nesses !
Dead l i n e for J u ly i s s u e : 7 / 5 / 8 7 .

2600

June, 1 987

Page 19

TSPS

(cominued/rom paKe 1 7)

of t h i s key in d isplaying Cal l i ng Card numbers is

as fol lows : Press i t once and you get the f i rst 1 0

d i g i ts of a 1 6 d i g i t Cal l ing Card . Press i t a second

t ime and you get the second 6 digits of the
C a l l ing Card . Press i t aga i n and it darkens the
d isplay .
That's i t f o r t h e keys on t h e conso l e . On the
left hand side of the d i agram you w i l l see the

"Multi

Leal

Bulletin Tray". Th is is an a l l -purpose

h o l d e r f o r i n f o rm a t i o n l e af l e t s t h a t c o n t a i n
i nformat ion o n spec ial numbers , Rate and Route
informat ion , spec ial non -standard ass istance
ro u t e s , a n d v a r i o u s o t h e r T S P S - re l ated
i nformat ion. At the l ower right hand side of the
conso le is the "Number Plale". This is simply the
conso le's Pos i t ion number and I D number. It is a
stamped metal p late. I haven ' t figured out any

.. -t il riKh t, so I made a mistake. I

TllOuKh t !(Jr sure the r (J know how to use
telephones hy ' I t l W .' "

way to abuse it yet , other than scaring a TSO by

know ing of i ts existence .

RNOC, Phucked
04, and The (602) Scorpion for their help

(Special thanks to Bill from

A gen t

in acquiring and compiling this infonna tion . )

I 'elecom Informer
in consta nt

1 9 85

(continued/rom paKe 8)

dollars.

A market research firm predicts that

the "i nteractive voice " i ndustry will grow
explosively over the next five years to
more than

$4

b illion. Interactive voice

i ncludes voice messag i ng,

976

d ial-it

services, "talki ng yellow pages, " voice

response , and audiotext - all the services
and equipment that permit people to
i nteract with computers and

Resources Corp . The company says that

the i nteractive voice services market,

1 9 85,

by

factor of more than

is expected to grow

5, to $ 2 . 3
b illion b v 1 99 1 . The 1 985 market for
i nteracti e voice equipment , $525 . 3
million . i s expected to grow to $ 1 . 8
b ill ion by 1 99 1 . "If government
a

1 987

2600

Milwaukee Journal.

Voss

phone that he "j ust flew off the handle . "

Through his cellular carrier , Voss
obta i ned a number t hat had been called
six times f rom his car. In that way he
was able to get the culprit's home

sa id .

$4

resea rc h serv ices D r . C . W illiam Reed .

J une,

art icle i n the

car bei ng stolen tha t , at whatever

b illion , " accord i ng to director of

20

car answe red the phone, accordi ng t o an

ex pense . I wanted to catch the guy, " he

regulations perm i t the telephone

Pal!e

station pa rki ng lot . Voss called his own

car phone , and the person who stole h i s

address . "I was so upset and angry at my

companies to enter these markets, you

c a n count on a value far in excess of

1 98 I

Old s Toronado stolen from a service

shocked that the youth had answered the

tone ial telephone , accordi ng to L i nk

million in

age n t , had his cellular-equipped

told the newspaper that he was so

communications networks through a

$440

Cel-Tel to the Rescue

Kurt Voss , a Milwaukee i nsurance

pa g i n g

(continuedfrom page 5)

local voice-paging channel on my scanner, I

figured that anybody could just cal l any one of
those phone numbers and get their message on
the air. So after cal l ing some numbers above and
below my friend's voice pager number I found
that this was true- I heard myself on the
scanner. Problem was, you had to listen to
everyone else's messages, too . Some kind of
selective tone decoder for the scanner was in
order-the cheaper the better. A lso , some kind
of tone-enco d i n g system was needed that
anyone had access to , so why not use touch
tones? After some experimenting , I found that a
touch tone decoder chip with two 2N2222
transistors and a few resistors and capacitors
(about $1 0 total at Radio Shack) could be used
to decode the * (or any other) touch tone from the
scanner's audio section and switch the audio on
to the speaker. It all fit quite nicely into a
matchbox-sizeckontainer taped to the back of
my portable scanner, and could be powered by
the scanner batteries.
Now , when anyone cal led any of the paging
system phone numbers and preceded their voice
message with the * touch tone, the scanner
speaker would sound off and al low me to hear it.
At least a full second of tone was needed to
unlock the decoder chip. Whoever was assigned
that pager number would also hear the * tone and
the message, so it wasn't entirely private, but it
was free and you could take a "free ride" on any
of the several hundred pager phone numbers to
help avoid detection . The scheme worked quite
wel l for over a year and it never was found out.
Those paging me had to be careful not to give out
their regular phone numbers or exact locations
over the air, so a simple code was devised to
allow a "modified" phone number to be broadcast
without giving the intended one away.
If you already own a portable scanner, you
a l ready have most of a v o i ce-pager. A
programmable unit is needed to find the proper

radio-paging frequency, but once you know it, a

less expensive crystal unit can be used. The
paging system phone numbers can be found by
dialing numbers above and below a known pager
number (ask somebody who has one or cal l the
paging company and tel l them you forgot yours ) .
A schematic for the tone-decoder chip circuit i s
included if you buy it a t Radio Shack, b u t the
hook-up to your scanner's audio section depends
on your model . You can usually get a schematic
for your scanner by writing the manufacturer, and
a friendly hardware hacker can help you with the
h o o k - u p deta i l s if y o u ' re n o t e l ec t ro n i ca l l y
inclined . I f you can bear listening t o all the other
paging traffic while waiting for your messages,
you can skip the modification altogether and just
tune in.
Scanner World in Albany, NY probably has the
lowest scanner prices around . They sel l a crystal
control led , pocket size, single-channel receiver
that's ideal for this appl ication for only $39. Be
sure to spec i f y the r i g h t f requency before
ordering it, though . S ince you'l l want to leave
your unit turned on most of the time, it's cheaper
to use rechargeable N i -Gd batteries. One could
get fancy and add a 555 timer Ie to the circuit
which would automatical ly time-out and shut the
audio off after the message is over, but turning
the scanner off and back on again wi II reset it just
the same. Some mobile scanners have enough
room in them to mount the extra circuitry right
inside, but portables are too tight a squeeze.
You probably don't need to be reminded that
theft of telecommunications services is a crime,
and that c a l l i ng the same pager number
repeatedly (not very smart , and unnecessary
anyway) could be considered harrassment . But if
one is reasonab l y carefu l about what i s
broadcast, changes the pager number frequently,
and places calls from payphones when possible,
the chances of being found are almost zero.

Another 2600 Public Get-Together

Friday, July 31 , 1987
5:00 P .M .
IN PHILADELPHIA

(exact location will be announced in our July issue)

2600

June, 1 987

Page 21

letters
L .A . , and have been having trouble
w i t h t h e l o c a l 8 1 8 - 3 5 0 - 1 0 28
fv1 e t r ophone port. They have just
upgraded to better software making it
almost impossible to hack the system. I
have heard that U . S. Sprint has bought
the company and they're going through
serious changes that may affect us all.
Rumours are that prefixes will be
added to the codes and maybe more
than that. I also have found some weird
codes that give carriers, call unknown
homes/businesses and the Metro
operator. If you or anyone couId explain
what is happening or list some local
ports I would be very thankful.

Hex Converter

First of all, G TE Sprint bought u. s. Tel

and thus, changed their name to U. S.
Sprint. A s far as we know, the y're not
in t e r e s t e d in a c q u ir in g We s t e rn
Union's Metrophone service. Second
every independent carrier has gone
through a phase of m a k ing th e ir
authorization codes a little harder to
guess. Metrophone is simply one of the
last to finally get around to it. It doesn 't
mean the end of the world by any
stretch of the imagination. A nd finally,
almost all long distance companies
have "weird" codes that hook you up to
special numbers. In most cases, it 's
either an internal office at the company
itself or a special "toll free " service
provided to the people whose phone
y o u win d up ringing. S imp ly ask
customer service what kind of "toll
fr e e " s e r v i c e t h e y p r o v i d e t o
understand it better.

Words of Praise
Dear 2600:
I received the March issue of 2600
and was delighted by the poem about
Captain Crunch. In fact, I would like to
see a "bio" piece done on him, similar
to the one done recently on TA P.
Let me also say that I support a
magazine like 2600 because it allows
" age 22

June. 1987

2600

(continued/rom paKe 18)

people to decide for themselves how
they wil l interact with the world ' s
expanding electronic networks. I work
for a large cable company, and can say
that the whole issue of scrambling is
repugnant. The networks earn plenty
of money from subscribers' fees and
the reason scrambling was initiated
was purely money - oriented-it had
n o t h i n g t o d o w i t h the C a p t a i n
M idnight affair. Our system uses
Videocipher II hardware, which I have
heard has been breached in the
Caribbean and illegal decoders are
currently being manufactured there.
Our management knows this, and
despite this it is buying more
descramblers to complete its set-up,
since all the major services will be
scrambled by the end of next year (at
least in theory). It should surprise no
one, then, if these devices begin to be
distributed in the United States-all
that is needed is a clever legal
euphemism (j ust as infinity trans
mitters quickly became "Electr o n ic
Babysitters " when the surveillance
laws became stricter). I am not in a
highly technical position, but should
any interesting data appear I will send
it in.
BBQ

WRITE FOR 26001

SEND ARTICLES
TO:
2600
PO BOX 99
MIDDLE ISLAND ,
NY 1 1 953-0099

ATTE N T I O N
Does yo u r address l a be l say "T i m e to Renew"? D o n 't m iss a n
i s s u e . R e n ew yo u r s u bscr i pt i o n today a n d enjoy peace o f m i nd .
$ 1 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 yea r s u bscr i pt i o n or renewa l
$ 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 yea r s u bscr i pt i o n or renewa l
$41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 yea r s u bscr i pt i o n or renewa l
$40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 yea r corporate s u bscr i pt i o n or renewa l
$ 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 yea r corporate s u bscr i pt i o n or renewa l
$ 1 1 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 yea r corporate s u bscription or renewa l
$ 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . overseas s u bscr i pt i o n or renewa l ( 1 yea r on ly)
$ 55 . . overseas corporate s u bscription or renewa l ( 1 yea r on ly)
$ 260 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l ifet i m e s u bscr i ption
BACK ISSUES a re ava i l a b l e . P r i ces a re :

$ 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 984, 1 98 5 , o r 1 986 i ss u es ( 1 2 per yea r)

$ 50
Any two yea rs
$75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AI I th ree yea rs (36 issues)
(Overseas orders add $5 for each yea r ordered )
A l low 4 to 6 weeks for de l ivery.
.

Send a l l orders to :
2600
PO Box 7 5 2
M idd l e I s l a nd, NY 1 1 95 3 U . S .A.
( 5 1 6 ) 7 5 1 - 2600

26()(}

June,1987

Page 23

ALLN ET HORRORS
4
PAGER TRiCKS
5
TSPS GU IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
TELECOM IN FORM ER
8
TELEN ET GU iDE
9
LETTERS
12
2600 MARKETPLACE
19
.

2800 Magazine
PO Box 752
M iddle Island, NY 1 1 953 USA

S E C O N D C L A S S P O ST A G E
Permit Pending at

E ast S e t a u k et, N . Y .
1 1 733
ISSN 0749-385 1