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To
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Introduction:
One popular connection of amplifier stages is the RC -coupled variety. The name is derived
from the capacitive coupling capacitor Cc and the fact that the load on the first stage is an RC
combination. The coupling capacitor isolates the two stages from a dc viewpoint but acts as a
short-circuit equivalent for the ac response. The input impedance of the second stage acts as a load
on the first stage, permitting the same approach to the analysis.
Materials:
Breadboard
Connectors
Resistors
Capacitors
Function Generator
NPN transistor
Multitester
Oscilloscope
DC Power Supply
Procedure:
1.) Construct the circuit below:
2.) Perform a DC analysis individually to get IE1 , IE2 , re1 and re2 . Record the values on the
table below.
3.) Perform an AC analysis and obtain Vi1 , Vi2 , Vo1 , Vo2 , Av1 and Av2 . Record the values on
the table below.
Results:
DC Analysis
Voltage Divider Output at the Emitter
IE
0.545 mA
rE
47.71 ohms
Voltage Divider Output at the Collector
IE
0.423 mA
rE
61.47 ohms
AC Analysis
Mid Frequency
fmid
Vi1
Vo1
Vi2
Vo2
AV1
AV2
AVT
1.88 kHz
142.0 mV
128.0 mV
128.0 mV
480 mV
0.90
3.75
3.375
Graphs:
Mid Frequency at Vo1 = 128.0 V
Conclusion:
An RC coupled amplifier is a part of a multistage amplifier wherein different stages of
amplifiers are connected using a combination of resistor and a capacitor. Since the capacitor acts
as open circuit at DC analysis, each stage is can be analyzed independently.
During the AC analysis, some of the values in each stage affects the other. Example in the
circuit used in the experiment, the input voltage at the second stage is the output voltage from the
second stage. Also, the input impedance of the second stage becomes the load of the first stage.
Other than that, the circuits can also be analyzed independently.
Since the first stage circuit is a Common Collector Amplifie r, we expected that the value
of the voltage gain will be approximately equal to 1. From the values in the table, our assumptio n
is proven right since the computed value is 0.90. Comparing the input and output signals, we can
also see that it is in-phase, therefore confirming that the measured value is correct.
The second stage is a Common Emitter Amplifier. From past experiments, we know that
the voltage gain of the amplifier is always greater than 1 and is negative. From the values at the
table, we computed 3.75, which is greater than 1. Looking at the oscilloscope, the input and output
signals are out-of-phase, therefore making the voltage gain negative and confirming that the
observe characteristics is true.
The total voltage gain is solved by multiplying the voltage gains of the first and second
stage. Knowing that the product is negative, it is expected to be out-of-phase, which is also
observed in the oscilloscope.
From the experiment, we conclude that even though the stages is connected with each
other, the characteristics of their voltage gain still remains. The phases of the output and input
signal also depends on what individual amplifiers are used thus affecting the phase of the final
output voltage.