IB HL Mathematics Review questions StatisticsStatistics chosen at random are shown below. Weight (g) | 29.6 | 29.7 | 29.8] 29.9 [30.0] 30.1 [302 [303 [Frequency | 2] 3 | 4[5]/7]5 [3 {4 Find unbiased estimates of (@)__ the mean of the population from which this sample is taken; (b) the variance of the population from which this sample is taken. 1. A sample of 70 batteries was tested to see how long they last. The results were: [1g /E/Y ¢ (hours) Number of batteries (frequency) oxrsl0 2 10s 1<20 4 2051530 8 30<1< 40 9 405/550 2 5015 60 13 601570 8 70.1 80 7 8057590 6 90.<7<100 1 Total 70 Find (@) the sample standard deviation; © sed estimate of the standard deviation of the population from which this sample is taken, 2. machine fills bottles with orange juice. A sample of six bottles is taken at 18/E/¥ random. The botties contain the following amounts (in ml) of orange juice: 753, 748, 749, 752, 750, 751 Find (@) the sample standard deviation; (b) an unbiased estimate of the population standard deviation from which this sample is taken. 3. A machine produces packets of sugar. The weights in grams of thirty packets 18/E/Y4 ‘The 80 applicants for a Sports Science course were required to run 800 metres and their times wore recorded, The results were used to produce the following cumulative frequency graph, 8 3 Cumulative frequency 120 130 140 150 Time (seconds) Estimate (@) the median; (0) the interquartite range Consider the six numbers, 2, 3, 6, 9, a and b. The mean of the numbers is 6 and the variance is 10. Find the value of a and of 6, ifa 2 3 20 f Fae ° 50 60 70 80 Time eating lunch, minutes ‘A continuous random variable, X, has probability density function 30/M/¥ fo)=sinx, Osxs wis Find the median of X. foou 12, A fair six-sided die, wit sides numbered 1, 1, 2, 3,4, Sis thrown. Find the mean! § 734 yy and variance of the score. A test marked out of 100 is written by 800 students. The cumulative frequency graph for the marks is given below. 18/E/N + \ 800: t 100} 7 4 600 T Number of 500 4 candidates - | 400 300: | + ; 200 100 pe-7 | 7 th 10° 20° 30° 40 «50 «60 70-80 90-100 Mark (@)_ Write down the number of students who scored 40 marks or less on the test. () The middle 50 % of test results lie between marks a and 6, where a 0. (@)__ Find the probability, correct to four significant figures, that a given component fails within six months. Each solar cell has three components which work independently and the cell will continue to run if at least two of the components continue to work. e (b) Find the probability that a solar cell fails within six months. “ (Total 7 marks) fof19. 20. 21 22, 23, 24, A girl walks to school every day. If it is not raining, the probability that she is late is 7 Ifit is raining, the probability that she is late is 2 the probs that it rains on a particular day is 1 On one particular day the girl is late. Find the probability that it was raining on that day. Ina school, ; of the students travel to schoo! by bus. Five students are chosen at random, Find the probabi ‘The diameters of discs produced by a machine are normally distributed with a mean of 10 cm and standard deviation of 0.1 em. Find the probability of the machine producing a disc with a diameter smaller than 9.8 cm. Given that POX) = 2, robo - rox’ @) &) Zis the standardised normal random variable with mean 0 and variance 1. Find the value of a such that P(| Z| 0.60. The probability that the materials arrive on time and that the building '—————— is completed on time is 0.55. (3) Show that events A and B are not independent. ii) All the materials arrive on time. Find the probability that the building will not be completed on time. © (b) There was a team of ten people working on the building, including three clectricians and two plumbers. The architect called a meeting with five of the team, and randomly selected people to attend. Calculate the probability that exactly two clectricians and one plumber were called to the meeting. @ (©) The number of hours a week the people in the team work is normally distributed with a mean of 42 hours. 10% of the team work 48 hours or more a week. Find the probability that both plumbers work more than 40 hours in a given week. ® ii) Calculate EC). (Total 15 marks) Joa38, 39. 40. al. 42. 43, Give your answers to four significant figures. i 30/B/Y A machine produces cloth with some minor faults. The number of faults per metre js a random variable following a Poisson distribution with a mean 3. Calculate the probability that a metre of the cloth contains five or more faults, (Total 4 marks) When a boy plays a game at a fair, the probability that he wins a prize is 0.25. He plays the game 10 times, Let X denote the total number of prizes that he wins. 30/M/y Assuming that the games are independent, find (@) EC) &) PEs2). ‘The independent events A, B are such that P(4) = 0.4 and P(A UB) = 0.88. Find | 19/M/Y (@ Pa) (b) _ the probability that either 4 occurs or B occurs, but not both. The random variable X’is normally distributed and 30/M/Y PX 10)= 0.670 PEs 12)= 0.937. Find EQ). Give all mumerical answers to this question correct to three significa figures. (Sy xg yy ‘Two typists were given a series of tests to complete, On average, Mr Brown made 2.7 mistakes per test while Mr Smith made 2.5 mistakes per test. Assume that the number of mistakes made by any typist follows a Poisson distribution, (@) Calculate the probability that, in a particular test, (Mr Brown made two mistakes; Gi) Mr Smith made three mistakes; (iii) Mr Brown made two mistakes and Mr Smith made three mistakes, Gy (b) In another test, Mr Brown and Mr Smith made a combined total of five mistakes. Calculate the probability that Mr Brown made fewer mistakes than Mr Smith, © (Total 11 marks) On a television channel the news is shown at the same time each day. The probability that Alice watches the news on a given day is 0.4. Calculate the probability that on five consecutive days, she watches the news on at most three days. 30/M/¥ i \to{ t 45. 46. 47. A random variable X is normaily distributed with mean and standard deviation [397 nq7-y g, such that P (X> 50.32)= 0.119, and P(X < 43.56) = 0.305. (@) Find grand 6. © (0) Hence find P(X — 14 <5). @ (Total 7 marks) ‘The random variable X has a Poisson distribution with mean A. 30/H/Y (a) Given that P (¥= 4)= P (X= 2) +P (X= 3), find the value of 4. ® (b) Given that 2 =3.2, find the value of @ Pz 2), G PAs3 | X22), (5) (Total 8 marks) The following diagram shows the probability density function for the random variable X, which is normally distributed with mean 250 and standard deviation | 30/ 50. Ro 180 250 Find the probability represented by the shaded region. ‘The discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution. 30/E/¥ k Aiea, 23,4 poyeay= | grab 23 0, otherwise Calculate (@) the value of the constant & () BW. lt48. 49. 50. Si. Robert travels to work by train every weekday from Monday to Friday. The 19/M/¥ probability that he catches the 08.00 train on Monday is 0.66. The probability that he catches the 08.00 train on any other weekday is 0.75. A weekday is chosen at random. (@)__ Find the probability that he catches the train on that day. (®) Given that he catches the 08.00 train on that day, find the probability that the chosen day is Monday. Jack and Jill play a game, by throwing a die in turn. Ifthe die shows @1,2,30° [To 7yq/y 4, the player who threw the die wins the game. If the die shows a 5 or 6, the other player has the next throw. Jack plays first and the game continues until there is a winner. (@) Write down the probability that Jack wins on his first throw. o (0) Calculate the probability that Jill wins on her first throw. @ (€) Calculate the probability that Jack wins the game. @) (Total 6 marks) Let ffx) be the probability density function for a random variable. X, where 30/M/ x] fla? fordsx<2 | [0, otherwise Fe) (@) Show that k= eQ) (b) Calculate @ BX): (ii) the median of X. O (Total 8 marks) ‘The random variable X has a Poisson distribution with mean J. Let p be the 30/M/Y probability that X takes the value I or 2. (@) Write down an expression for p. o (0) Sketch the graph of p for 0< As 4. a (©) Find the exact value of 2 for which p is a maximum. © (Potal 7 marks) (nr52, 54, 36. ‘A continuous random variable X has probability density function given by fo) =kQx-2), for 0 2) = 30/H/Y 0.404. Find POY <2). (Total 4 marks) WeIB HL Mathematics Review questions Statistics ANSWERS