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ABSTRACT
Stone columns are one method of ground improvement having a proven record of experience.
They are ideally suited for improving soft clays and silts and also for loose silty sands. In spite of the
wide use of stone columns and their development in construction methods, present design methods
are empirical, and only limited information about designing stone columns are available in technical
codes. This study is dedicated to observe practically the effect of various parameters of stone column
on the bearing capacity of sandy soils by model testing. In this study square footing has been used
and model tests were conducted with varying L/B ratio of stone columns. The test results followed
that relative settlement was minimum corresponding to L/B ratio (of stone column) of 2.5.
Key Words: Stone Column, Improvement of Soft Clays and Silts, Only Empirical Results
Available, Experimental Study, Best L/B Ratioobtained.
1. INTRODUCTION
The stone column technique was adopted in European countries in the early 1960s. Many
researchers have developed theoretical solutions for estimating the bearing capacity and settlement
of foundations reinforced with stone columns. Priebe, (1995) proposed a method for estimating the
settlement of foundations resting on an infinite grid of stone columns. The basic for this method is
the unit cell concept.
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 55-61 IAEME
In spite of the wide use of stone columns and their development in construction methods,
present design methods are empirical, and only limited information about designing stone columns
are available in technical codes.
This study is focused on the comparison of soil improvement by varying various parameters
of stone columns by conducting the miniature model tests on sandy bed with a single stone column.
Stone columns were installed using ramming technique.
2. MATERIAL USED (SAND) AND ITS PROPERTIES
Sand was used as the primary material on which various model tests were conducted to
enhance its bearing capacity by reinforcing it with stone columns. Normal aggregates of 10mm size
were used as stone column material. The various properties of sand used are tabulated in table1.
Table 1 various properties of sand
Property
Value
Specific gravity
2.67
0.52 mm
D60 (mm)
0.90 mm
D30 (mm)
0.70mm
1.047
1.731
1.503
1.74
0.7764
0.534
3.9% of water
Silt content
3.21 %
Friction angle
26
Cohesion
0.095 kN/m2
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 55-61 IAEME
Settlement (mm)
10
20
30
0
5
Load settlement
curve
10
15
20
25
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 55-61 IAEME
Load settlement curve
Settlement (mm)
10
20
30
40
50
0
load settlement curve
5
10
15
20
25
100
200
300
Settlement (mm)
0
2
4
Load settlement curve
6
8
10
12
14
16
58
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 55-61 IAEME
Load settlement curve
Load intensity (kN/m^2)
0
100
200
300
400
Settlement (mm)
5
10
Load settlement
curve
15
20
25
100
200
300
400
Settlement (mm)
0
5
Load settlement curve
10
15
20
25
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 55-61 IAEME
0.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
13.85
22.5
238
318
320
50
100
150
200
250
0
2
4
% settlement
L/B =0.5
L/B =1
L/B =2
10
L/B =2.5
12
L/B =3
14
16
18
20
22
Figure 7 Relative settlement curve soil reinforced with stone column of different L/B.
60
qu (kN/m2)
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 55-61 IAEME
Effect of L/B on qu
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
2
L/B Ratio
5. CONCLUSION
From the model tests performed on the virgin soil and soil improved by the single stone
column it can be concluded that relative settlement studies show that the square footing on the soil
reinforced with single stone column with L/B = 2.5 in the center gives better bearing capacity.
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