S.

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-1) JNTU-Kakinada

Code No.: R22012/R10
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations

April/May - 2013

Set-1
Solutions

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
( Civil Engineering )

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks
---

1.

2.

3.

(a)

Using the moment-area method, determine the deflection at the free end of a cantilever beam of span l subjected
to a load P at a distance a from the fixed end. El is constant. (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.5)

(b)

Derive the differential equation of the elastic curve for a beam subjected to bending in a plane of symmetry.
[5+10] (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)

(a)

Derive expression for volumetric change in thin cylinder subjected to an internal pressure p.
(Unit-II, Topic No. 2.1.1)

(b)

A thick cylindrical pipe of outside diameter 300 mm and internal diameter 200 mm is subjected to an internal fluid
pressure of 14 MPa. Determine the maximum hoop stress in the section. Draw the variation of the hoop stress
across the thickness of the pipe. [7+8] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)

A square element of a thin plate subjected to a compressive stress of 5 MPa in x-direction, a tensile stress of 15 MPa
in y-direction and a shear stress of 10 MPa (clockwise). Determine the principal stresses and their directions by using
analytical method. Also find the normal stress and shear stress on the diagonal plane of the square element. [15]

(Unit-III, Topic No. 3.2)

4.

A closed coil helical spring is made of 12 mm diameter wire and is having mean diameter of 150 mm and 10 complete
turns. The modulus of rigidity of the material of spring is 80 MPa. When a load of 500 N is applied, determine the
maximum shear stress, strain energy stored, deflection produced and stiffness of the spring. [15]

(Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.2.2)

5.

A built-up I section has the following dimensions,

Overall depth

: 400 mm

Flanges

: 300 mm 50 mm

Web thickness

: 30 mm

When it is used as a simply supported beam, it deflects by 10 mm when subjected to a load of 40 kN/m over its entire
length? Find the safe load, if the same section is used as a column with both ends hinged. Use Eulers formula.
Assume a factor of safety 1.75 and take E = 2 105 MPa. [15] (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.1.2)
6.

The cross-section of a masonry pier is a hollow rectangle, the dimensions of external and internal rectangles being
1200 mm 800 mm and 900 mm 500 mm respectively. A load of 300 kN in the vertical plane bisecting the 1200 mm
width of pier is transmitted at an eccentricity of e. Calculate the maximum value of e so that no tension is induced
in the section. [15] (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.2)

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B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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7.

8.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

Determine the maximum positive bending moment and maximum twisting moment in a semi-circular beam simply
supported on three equally spaced supports. Take radius of the centre line of the beam as R and load per unit length
of the beam as w. [15] (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.2.2)
Determine the forces in all the members of the truss as shown in the figure. [15] (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.2)

40 kN

30 kN
20 kN
J

20 kN
H

F
4m

A
B

16 mm 4 @ 4 m
Figure

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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S.3

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-1) JNTU-Kakinada

SOLUTIONS TO APRIL/MAY-2013, SET-1, QP

Q1.

(a)

Using the moment-area method,

determine the deflection at the free end
of a cantilever beam of span l subjected
to a load P at a distance a from the
fixed end. El is constant.

Thickness
Let,
Px = Radial pressure
fx = Hoop stress.

April/May-13, Set-1, Q1(a) M[5]

Answer :

Note : In the given reference replace W with P.

Px =

For answer refer Unit-I, Q24.

(b)

Derive the differential equation of the

elastic curve for a beam subjected to
bending in a plane of symmetry.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q1(b) M[10]

Answer :

For answer refer Unit-I, Q1.

Q2.

(a)

Derive expression for volumetric

change in thin cylinder subjected to an
internal pressure p.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q2(a) M[7]

Answer :

For answer refer Unit-II, Q3.

(b)

A thick cylindrical pipe of outside

diameter 300 mm and internal diameter
200 mm is subjected to an internal fluid
pressure of 14 MPa. Determine the
maximum hoop stress in the section.
Draw the variation of the hoop stress
across the thickness of the pipe.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q2(b) M[8]

Answer :
Given that,

At,

B
x

A and fx =

x = 100 mm ,
x = 0 mm

B
x2

+A

P100 = 14 MPa

P0 = 0

x = 150 mm ,

P150 = 0

Radial stress Px at x = 100 is,

P100 =

14 =

B
(100) 2
B
(100) 2

... (1)

Px at x = 150 is,
P150 =

0 =

B
(150) 2
B
(150) 2

... (2)

On solving equations (1) and (2) we get,

Outer diameter = 300 mm

Inner diameter = 200 mm
Internal pressure = 14 MPa
Required
(i)

Maximum hoop stress in a section

(ii)

Representation of variation of hoop stress

across thickness of the pipe.

A = 11.2
B = 252000
Hoop stress,
fx =

f100 =
150 mm
100 mm

B
x2

+A

252000
(100) 2

+ 11.2

= 36.4 N/mm2
f150 =

252000
(150) 2

+ 11.2

= 22.4 N/mm2

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S.4

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

The maximum hoop stress is developed at the inner
Required,
surface.
(i) Principal stress and their directions
f110 =

f120 =

f130 =

f140=

252000
(110) 2
252000
(120) 2
252000
(130) 2

252000
(140) 2

(ii)

+ 11.2 = 32.026 N/mm2

(i)
+ 11.2 = 28.7 N/mm2

(1, 2) =
+ 11.2 = 26.11 N/mm2

+ 11.2 = 24.054 N/mm2

36.4
32
28.7
26.11
24.1
36.4
22.4

x y

+ 2xy

x + y

x y

+ 2xy

(5) + 15
+
2

(5) 15
2

+ (10)
2

= 5 + 100 + 100
= 19.14 N/mm2
min = 2

fx

140 120 110 100

130

15
0
ss
kn e
Th ic

x + y

max = 1
=

22.4
150

Normal stress and shear stress on the diagonal

plane of the square elements.
Principal Stress and their Direction
Principal stress,

100 mm

mm

x + y
=
2

5 + 15

x y

+ 2xy

5 15
2

+ (10)
2

= 5 100100
Figure: Representation of Hoop Stress Across the Thickness of
Pipe
Q3.

A square element of a thin plate subjected

to a compressive stress of 5 MPa in xdirection, a tensile stress of 15 MPa in ydirection and a shear stress of 10 MPa
(clockwise). Determine the principal stresses
and their directions by using analytical
method. Also find the normal stress and
shear stress on the diagonal plane of the
square element.

2 = 9.14 N/mm2
The angle made by principal plane and shear stress
with x-axis is,
tan2 =

Given that,
Stress acting on x-axis, x = 5 N/mm2
Stress acting on y-axis, y = 15 N/mm2
Shear stress xy = 10 N/mm2 (Clockwise)

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

x y
2 10
5 15

tan2 = 1

April/May-13, Set-1, Q3 M[15]

Answer :

2 xy

tan 1 (1)
2

= 2230'00'
1 = 90 +
1 = 11230'00'

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S.5

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-1) JNTU-Kakinada

(ii)

Normal Stress and Shear Stress on the Diagonal

Plane of the Square Element

(i)

Normal stress on the diagonal of the square element

(n) (i.e., = 45) is,

x + y
n =
2

x y
+

2

WR =

cos2 + sin2

xy

(5) + 15 (5) 15
+
cos(2 45) + 10 sin(2 45)
=
2
2

Maximum Shear Stress

The maximum shear stress () is given by equation,

500 75 =

(ii)

64WR 3 n
Gd 4

64 500 753 10
80 12 4

Shear stress on the diagonal of square element is,

x y
xy =
2

sin2 + cos2

xy

(5) 15
sin(2 45) + 10 cos(2 45)
=
2

(iii)

= 81380.20 mm
= 81.3 m
Strain Energy Stored
Strain energy stored,

= 10 sin90 + 10 cos90
u=

= 10 N/mm
Q4.

A closed coil helical spring is made of 12

mm diameter wire and is having mean
diameter of 150 mm and 10 complete turns.
The modulus of rigidity of the material of
spring is 80 MPa. When a load of 500 N is
applied, determine the maximum shear
stress, strain energy stored, deflection
produced and stiffness of the spring.

(iv)

S=

Given that,

Diameter of steel wire, d = 12 mm

Number of turns in spring, n = 10
Mean diameter, D = 150 mm
Mean radius, R = 75 mm
Modulus of rigidity, G = 80 N/mm2
Load, W = 500 N
Required,
(i)

Maximum shear stress

(ii)

Deflection produced

(iii)

Strain energy stored

(iv) Stiffness of the spring.

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Q5.

1
W
2
1
500 81.3
2

u = 20325 N-m
Stiffness of the Spring
Stiffness of the spring,

April/May-13, Set-1, Q4 M[15]

Answer :

(12)3
16

= 110.52 N/mm2
Deflection Produced
Deflection in the spring,

= 5 + ( 10) cos90 + 10 sin90

= 15 N/mm2

d3
16

500
81.3 m

= 6.15 N/m
A built-up I section has the following
dimensions.
Overall depth
: 400 mm
Flanges
: 300 mm 50 mm
Web thickness
: 30 mm
When it is used as a simply supported beam,
it deflects by 10 mm when subjected to a
load of 40 kN/m over its entire length. Find
the safe load, if the same section is used as
a column with both end hinged. Use Eulers
formula. Assume a factor of safety as 1.75
and take E = 2 105 MPa.

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

April/May-13, Set-1, Q5 M[15]
5WL4
Deflection, =
384 EI
300 mm

Answer :

I : Greatest between Ix and Iy of the section.

50 mm

(Here I = Ix)
10 =

400 mm

30
mm

300 mm

5 40 106 L4
384 2 105 99.25 10 7

l = 248.47 mm

Length of the beam = 248.47 mm

Finding the safe load when beam is used as a column

with both the ends hinged. When both the ends are hinged,
using Eulers formula,

135 mm
50 mm
300 mm

PEulers =

Given that,
Load, W = 40 kN/m

Deflection, = 10 mm

Factor of safety = 1.75

Safe load =

Safe load for the beam

Assume, length of the beam = L
=

Moment of inertia I-section about x-axis is,

135 3003

12

= 16 108 60.75 107

= 99.25 107 mm4
Moment of inertia of the section about y-axis is,
db 3
db3

Iy = 2 12
+

Flange 12 Web

50 3003 300 303

Iy = 2
+

12
12

= 22.5067500
= 22.5 107

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

2 2 105 22.5 10 7
10 6 kN
(248.47) 2

~ 7194 kN

Required

= 22.5 107 + 67 500

l2

Load, P = 7193.8 kN

E = 2 105 N/mm2

300 4003
2
Ix =

12

2 EI y

PEuler
Factor of safety
7194
1.75

= 4110.80 kN
Q6.

The cross-section of a masonry pier is a

hollow rectangle, the dimensions of external
and internal rectangles being 1200 mm 800
mm and 900 mm 500 mm respectively. A
load of 300 kN in the vertical plane bisecting
the 1200 mm width of pier is transmitted at
an eccentricity of e. Calculate the maximum
value of e so that no tension is induced in
the section.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q6 M[15]

Answer :
Given that,

In a masonry pier of hollow rectangular section

Dimensions of external rectangle,
B D = 1200 800 mm
Dimensions of internal rectangle,
b d = 900 mm 500 mm

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S.7

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-1) JNTU-Kakinada

ZXX = 10456.25 104 mm4

In case of hollow rectangular section,

Area = BD db

ZYY =

= (1200 800) (900 500)

I YY
y max

A = 51 104 mm2
=

1200 mm

=
e

800 12003 500 9003

6 1200

ZYY = 14137.5 104 mm4

500 mm

800 mm

DB 3 db 3
6B

Condition for no tension,

e

Radius of gyration,

900 mm

2
=
K YY

Moment of inertia at XX,

IXX =

BD3
bd 3

12
12

1200 8003
900 5003

12
12

84825 10 6
5110 4

Eccentricity, e

IXX = 41825 106 mm4

DB3
db 3

12
12

2
2 K YY
b

2 1663.25 10 2
900

369.61 ~
370
e 370 mm

800 12003
500 9003
=

12
12
IYY = 8.4825 1010 mm4

I YY
A

2
= 1663.25 102 mm
K YY

= 4.1825 1010 mm4

IYY =

2
2K YY
b

Result
Maximum value of eccentricity,

= 84825 106 mm4

e = 370 mm.

I
ZXX = XX
y max

BD 3 bd 3
6D

1200 8003 900 5003

6 800

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Q7.

Determine the maximum positive bending

moment and maximum twisting moment in
a semi-circular beam simply supported on
three equally spaced supports. Take radius
of the centre line of the beam as R and load
per unit length of the beam as w.

Answer :

April/May-13, Set-1, Q7 M[15]

For answer refer Unit-VII, Q25.

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S.8
Q8.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

Determine the forces in all the members of
By using method, of joints.
the truss as shown in the figure.
At Joint A
40 kN

30 kN
20 kN
J

Free body diagram of joint A,

20 kN
G

4m
A

45

E
C

Fy = 0

Figure

30 kN

April/May-13, Set-1, Q8 M[15]

FAJ = 30 kN ; FAI = 20 kN
Taking forces horizontally,

40 kN
20 kN

20 kN

Fx = 0

FAB cos45 = RA 4
4m

A
B

Taking forces vertically,

16 mm 4 @ 4 m

Answer :

I
30 kN
20 kN

FAB =

45 4
cos 45

FAB = 254.55 kN

16 mm 4 @ 4 m

At Joint B

Calculation of forces in the members of the truss are,

Free body diagram of joint B,

Reactions

RA + RE = 30 + 20 + 20 + 40
= 110 kN

... (1)

Taking moments about A,

M E = 0
RA 16= 40 12 + 20 8 + 20 4
RA 16= 480 + 160 + 80

RA 16= 720
720
RA =
16

RA = 45 kN
Substitute RA in equation (1), we get,

Taking forces horizontally.

Fx = 0
FAB + FBC cos45 = 0
254.55 + FBC cos45 = 0

RA + RE = 110 kN
45 kN + RE = 110
RE = 110 45
RE = 65 kN

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

FBC =

254.55
cos 45

FBC = 360 kN (Compression).

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S.9

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-1) JNTU-Kakinada

Taking forces vertically,

Taking forces horizontally,

Fx = 0

Fy = 0

FCD + FDE RE 4 = 0

FBI FBH sin45 = 0

FBH

509.11 + FDE = 65 4

20
=
sin 45

FDE = 249.11 kN
Taking forces vertically,

= 28.284 kN

Fy = 0

FBI = 20 kN

FGD = 40 4

FBH = 28.284 kN

= 160 kN

At Joint C

FHD sin45 FGD = 0

Free body diagram of joint C,

FHD =

20 kN

160
sin 45

= 226.27 kN
FHD = 226.27 kN
At Joint E
Free body diagram of joint E,

FCH = 20 kN (Compression)
Taking forces horizontally,
FBC + FCD cos45 = 0

45

360 + FCD cos45 = 0

65 kN
FCD

360
=
cos 45

FDE 4 20 4 + RE 4 + FFE = 0
249.11 4 80 + 65 4 + FFE = 0

FCD = 509.11 kN

816.44 + FFE = 0

At Joint D

FFE = 816.44 kN (Tension)

Free body diagram of joint D,

At Joint F

Free body diagram of joint F,

F
E

C
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E
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Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

Taking forces horizontally,

Taking moments,

FBI = 20 kN

FFE + FGF 4 = 0

FIH + FHG cos45 = 0

816.44 + 4FGF = 0

FIH = 51.027 cos45

FGF

816.44
=
4

FIH = 36.081 kN (Compression)

At Joint I

FGF = 204.11 kN (Tension)

Free body diagram at joint I,

At Joint G

Free body diagram of joint G,

F
A

FGD

Taking forces horizontally,

Fx = 0

FJI + FIH cos45 = 0

Moment at G,

FJI = 36.081 cos45

FGD = 40 4

FJI = 25.513 kN (Compression)

= 160 kN
Taking forces horizontally,
FGF + FHG 4 = 0
204.11 + 4FHG = 0
FHG =

204 .11
4

FHG = 51.027 kN
At Joint H
Free body diagram of joint H,

B
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