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teacher checks allURLs before allowing pupils 10 access them.
Website: www.prim-ed.com
Foreword
English - Back To Basics is
comprehensive resource designed to leach and revise basic literocy concepts. Essential skills
are covered in spelling and word study. punctuation and grammar; with phonics included in Books Yr lIP 2, Yr 2jP 3 and
Yr 31P 4. Ea eh of the pa 9 es foeuses on one con cept, which is developed throllQ h relevant, graded activities.
11
Although intended liS 11 homework series, these books are also ideal for:
consolidation
assessment
revision.
Yr6/P 7
Yr6 Ext/S 1
Contents
T.ach.r not
.
Overvlew
Abbreviated words
. .
. . . . . . . . .
...
Curriculum links
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV
.........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 28--29
. . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using a dictionary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ....
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
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. . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30-31
32-33
34-35
36-37
Punctuation
..
. . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Capitalletlers
Vowel sounds
...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Full stops
xiii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commas
. . . . . . . . ........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
40-41
42-43
. 44-45
.........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
Ouotation marks
..
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Exclamation marks
xv
. 38--39
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
........
Ouestion marks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. .
. 46-47
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. .
.............................
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
48-49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Editing
Nouns
Verbs
Prefixes
Suffixes
.......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
12-13
. . . . . . . . .......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synonyms
Antonyms
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 16--17
. 18-19
. . . . . . .
...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compound words
. . . . . . . . . ........
.......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
www.prtm-ed.com
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
......
54-55
56--57
58--59
. 60-61
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
..........
Conjunctions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. .
. 62--63
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
Sentences .
. .
Word usage
24-25
Review
26--27
Editing
iii
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22-23
. .
. 68--69
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
20--21
64--65
. 66--67
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepositions .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PrIm-Ed PubllshlngC
Adverbs
Contractions
Adjectives
14-15
. .
. . . . . . . . .
52-53
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alphabetical order
Syllables
. .
. 10--11
...
. . . . . . . . . .....
Pronouns
. 8--9
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
Verb tenses
6--7
. .
. . . . . . . . . . .
50--51
Grammar
Base words
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
Plurals
. . . . . . . . ........................
. . . . . . . . . .
.......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
. . . . . . . ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
. . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70--71
72-73
74-75
76--77
78--79
. 80-81
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
English
. .
Back To Basics
Overview
Teacher notes
Format
----
punctuation
._._---
.
..
....
.-
grammar
..-
- ---
.--
.. .-
.
.-
F..tures
This series of books:
--
,.-..__.. .. . _-
-
'-
..-
. ...
assessment.
---
-----._ --
. ,,"
----
-.. .... -.
.....
II
Both lists are used frequently throughout each book in the BrellS of spelling and word sludy, punctuation and grammar.
a word-building table which shows the base word, plural torm, prefixes, suffixes, syllables, synonyms and antonyms
an extensive glossary ot terms used in spelling and word study, punctuation and grammar
spelling rules
word origins- Latin and Greek root words with their meanings and examples
;,
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Curriculum links
CountrylSubjec!J1.evel
Er>gland
Teacher notes
Curriculum Objectives
Word .!rwelu end spIlling
litaraev
Vear Four
Northern Ir.llnd
Roc.pl".nlS. to Language
Republic 01 Ireland
become lamiliar with the lune!ion. 01 word.; og. noun, .erb, adjective. adverb, pronoun, preposition
RoceptivenHllo Language
English
Third Cia ..
Scotland
become lamiar with the function. 01 word.; e,g. noun. verb, adjective. adverb. pronoun. preposition
Firsl_ Re.ding
use knowledge 01 sight vocabulary. phonics, punctuation and grammar to read with understanding and axpre"ion
Firsl -Wriling
o
Mite independently, u,e appropriate punctuation and order and link sentence, in. way that makes .ense
Second - Rding
o
Socond_ Wriling
o
Wale.
English
Key Stage Two
R uding - Skill.
o
develop understanding of tha structure, vocabulary, grammar and punctuation of English, and of how th.,e clarify
meanmg
Writing_ Skill.
o
Prim-Ed PubllshlngC
u,e th a standard form, 01 Eng li.h: noun., pronoun., adjectives, adverb., prepositioos, cO M "clive, and verb ten,
www.prtm-ed.com
Word lists
$pelllng
Teacher notes
lI.t
almost
busy
early
listen
really
already
caught
enough
naughty
station
always
computer
every
nOise
strange
angry
country
finish
often
surprise
answer
COUSin
happen
people
thought
arrive
danger
heard
picture
trouble
beautiful
different
instead
piece
II
bought
during
laugh
quiet
weather
ntil
Vocabulary lI.t
above
aulumn
didn't
goes
near
place
started
together
without
across
before
does
gone
never
rig hi
still
told
write
almost
began
eighty
half
ninety
round
stopped
tries
year
along
below
every
high
number
second
such
turned
also
better
fifty
hundred
only
seventy
summer
until
always
between
first
"m
opened
show
think
used
'"V
both
fo",
inside
other
sixty
thirty
walked
around
can't
found
knew
outside
sometimes
through
while
asked
coming
funny
know
spring
today
winter
P'"'
Spelling rules
Write i before e, except after c.
,j
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Spelling list
Wonl
....
Plur.'
Word building
PMff...
Su"'."
Teacher notes
SV,,,tH.
....m
...
Antonym
almost
most
ai-most
nearly
already
ready
al-read-y
beforehand
always
w.y
al-ways
forever
never
er, est, Iy
'"",0
annoyed
calm
ed,ing. able
an-swer
reply
question
ed,ing. al
sr-rive
reach
depart
Iy
beau-ti-ful
pretty
bought
purchased
sold
bus-y
active
idle
caught
captured
released
angry
anger
answer
answers
un(-ablef
arrive
beautiful
bought
beauty
boy
busy
caught
computer
er,est,ly. ness
catch
compute
computers
com-pul-er
countries
coun-try
COUSin
cousins
COUS-in
danger
dangers
country
"
,'
nation
DUS (tyl
dall--ge r
peril
safety
Iy
dif-fer--ent
unlike
same
dUf--1ng
throughout
ear-/y
beforehand
enough
e-nough
plenty
every
evle)-ry
each
ed, er,ing
lin-ish
,"d
ed,ing
hap-pen
occur
heard
listened
in-stead
alternatively
able,ed,ing,ter
laugh
giggle
ed, er,ing
list-en
hear
er,est,ly,ness
naugh-ty
disobedient
good
er, est,ly
nOise
sound
silence
oft-en
regularly
seldom
ed, er,ing
peo-ple
humans
ed,ing
pic-ture
drawing
ed, ing
piece
p,"
en,er,est,ly
qui-et
still
real-Iy
actually
ed,ing
sta-tion
position
er, est,ly
strange
weird
ed,ing
sur-prise
amaze
lul,lully
thought
idea
ed, ing
trou-ble
problem
different
'"
differ
during
early
linish
finishes
un(ed)
happen
heard
hear
""
instead
laugh
laughs
listen
naughty
noise
nOises
often
people
picture
pictures
piece
pieces
""
quiet
really
real
station
stations
strange
surpnse
thought
trouble
surprises
think
un(-ed)
thoughts
troubles
un(-ed)
until
start
ignored
'0
noisy
normal
ease
un-til
weather
PrIm-Ed PubllshlngC
late
un(-ed)
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ed, ing
vii
weath-er
Glossary
_______
Teacher notes
Abbreviation
Digraph
Plural
Eponyms
Prefix
Acronym
A word made up from the initial
letters of II phrase.
For example: SIDS tudden infant
death !yndrome)
radadradio detecting
and ranging)
Etymology
The study of the origin and history 01
words.
Singular
Antonyms
Grapheme
Compound word
Two or more words joined together.
For example: pancake, teaspoon,
underground
Syl/able
Words that are spelt the same but
have different origins and meanings
and are sometimes pronounced
differently.
For example: cricket, wind
For example: b, c, d, f. g, h, i
Contraction
A shortened form of a word. An
apostrophe is used to replace the
deleted letters.
For example: I'm, we're, they'I/,
she'd, can't
Derivative
A word made from adding prefixes
and suffixes to a base word.
For example: sloeping , unusual,
happily
Synonyms
Homophones
Consonant
Any letter of the alphabet that is not
a vowel.
Suffix
Homographs
Base word
Thesaurus
A reference book which groups
words by meaning.
Morpheme
The smallest unit of meaning.
For example: house/keepling
Phoneme
Phonetics
Vowel
Trigraph
viii
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Glossary
Teacher notes
Punctuation
Apostrophe
Exclamation mark
Quotation marks
Capital/eners
Forward slash
Used to show options, shortened
forms, in web addresses and instead
of per, an or a.
Colon
Comma
Used as II short pause to separate
parts of II sentence and items in II lis!.
For exllmple: The boy, II great
athlete, was competing
in most events.
I took pens pencils.
paper lind paints to the
class.
,
Dash
Used to provide additional
information or show that something is
unfinished.
Semicolon
Used to separate short, balanced
and linked phrases or clauses. It is
stronger than a comma, not as strong
as a full stop. It can also be used to
separate items in a list of phrases or
clauses.
60km/h
Full stop
Hyphen
Used to join words and word parts,
clarify meaning and divide words at
the end of a line.
For example: re-signed a contract
brother-in-law
three-quarters
Parentheses
Used to enclose additional
information such as a comment,
explanation or example.
---
Question mark
Ellipsis
I- I')
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,
J
Glossary
Teacher notes
Grammar
Abstract noun
Auxiliary verb
Conjunction
Active voice
In a mess.
We have seen it.
Clause
A group of words with a subject and
its verb.
Collective noun
A group of persons or things.
For example: a class of pupils, a
flock of sheep, a herd
of elephants
Adverb
Common noun
to schooL
She finallyfinished.
colour
Agreement
Shows that linked words or phrases
agree in terms of case, number,
gender and person.
For example: He is welcome. They
arewelcome.
She tried to write the
story herself.
Article
A subclass of determiners where
a and an are indefinite and the is
definitive.
For example: a computer, an apple,
the dog
Connective
A connecting word that tells order
and what is coming next.
station.
Adjective
Complex sentence
Has a main (independent) clause and
at least one subordinate (dependent)
clause.
For example: I like swimming before
I walk along the beach.
Compound sentence
Has two or more independent
clauses with a linking word.
For example: The nurse worked hard
and helped the sick
child.
Determiner
A word that is used in front of a noun
or pronoun to tell something about it.
For example: a tiger, the tiger, some
tigers, both tigers, that
tiger, three tigers
Direct speech
Exactly what is spoken, enclosed in
quotation marks.
For example: 'Are you feeling
thirsty?" she asked.
Double negative
When two negatives are used
together, with the effect of ca n ceiling
each other so the negative meaning
is lost.
For example: She wasn't doing
nothing.
Finite verb
A verb that has a subject. A finite
verb must be a part of every sentence
and agree with its subject.
For example: The ball rolls.
The balls roll.
Idiom
A phrase that is not meant literally.
For example: over the moon
frog in my throat
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GLOSSARY
Teacher notes
Grammar
Indefinite pronoun
Passive voice
Preposition
Indirect speech
Reports, and often alters, direct
speech withollilhe use of quotes.
For example: I asked her to be quiet.
She told me she would
leave early.
Person
It must be yours.
Did he write the book?
Personal pronoun
Modifier
Bright-eyed and
inquisitive, the squirrel
the house.
Possessive pronoun
Simple sentence
It must be yours.
Predicate
Slang
Paragraph
Phrase
Object
Relative pronoun
Sentence
house.
Sahara Desert
them, theirs.
the tree.
Noun
Proper noun
Pronoun
and hungry.
Statement
A sentence which states a tact.
For example: We will not be leaving
today.
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.i
GLOSSARY
Teacher notes
Grammar
Subject
Tense
Verb
hungry.
among
beyond
'"
over
under
about
around
b",
inside
past
until
above
"
by
into
poe
across
before
concerning
like
round
"p
upon
after
behind
despite
near
since
''"
against
below
down
of
through
with
along
beneath
during
off
throughout
within
alongside
beside
except
PO
till
without
amid
besides
foe
onto
to
amidst
between
from
POt
towards
ltlon.1
hr
according to
aside from
behind in
in front of
in regard to
on account of
ahead of
as to
due to
in lieu of
in spite of
on board
apart from
back of
in addition to
in light of
instead of
out of
as far as
because of
in the back of
in place of
in view of
owing to
doubtless
fast
loose
right
straight
better
early
first
loud
rough
third
bright
enough
hard
low
second
tight
cheap
even
high
much
sharp
well
close
fair
late
near
slow
worse
deep
foe
little
quick
smooth
wrong
xii
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Vowel sounds
Teacher notes
There are 19 vowel sounds listed below. Most of these vowel sounds can be written in II number of
difta rent ways. The letters used to represent sou nds in words lire called 'graphemes'.
Knowledge about common graphemes lind an understanding of how to use them when selecting the
particular one needed to spell II word correctly. lire essential spelling skills.
Some althe most commonly used graphemes for each vowel sound lire found in the table below.
Sound
' '
8
Grapheme.
as in bat
II (cat)
IIi (pain) ay (tray) a-e (platel ll (baby) ea (break) ei (rein) ey (grey)
II as In ram
'ar' as in bar
'air' as in pair
air (chair) lire (care) ear (bear) ere (there) eir (their)
aw as In paw
aw (yawn) or (fork) II u (sauce) a (ball) are (store) oar (roa r) oar (poor) ough (fought)
Bugh (caught) al (walk)
'e' as in tell
e (jet) ea (spread)
'ee' as in tree
'er as in fern
ear as In appear
'i' as in bit
'i' as in hive
' '
a
as in top
' '
a
as in hope
ow as In cow
ow (down) ou (loud)
'oy' as in toy
oy (boy) oi (coin)
'00'
as in cook
00 (book)
'00'
as in boot
00 (spoon)
u (bush) au (should)
ew (flew) ue (true) au (soup) ui (fruit) a (to)
'u' as in mud
yu as In use
c
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xiii
Consonant sounds
Teacher notes
There are 25 consonant sounds listed below. Most of these consonant sounds can be written in II number of
different ways. The letters used to represent sounds in words are called 'graphemes'.
Knowledge about common graphemes and an understanding of how to use them when selecting the particular
one needed to spell II word correctly, are essential spelling skills.
Some of the most commonly used graphemes tor each consonant sound lire found in the table below.
Sound
'b' liS in big
Graphemes
b (bat! bb (rabbit!
'd' as in dog
liS in fal
'g' as in get
'h' as in hat
. .
I as In Jam
h (have) wh (who)
'I' as in look
'm' as in met
.
n as I n now
.
ng as In sing
'p' as in pot
.
r aslnrun
p (pin) pp (ripped)
's' as in sat
'sh' as in ship
as in tap
'\'
'th' as in thin
th (think)
'th' as in then
.
v as l n van
w as I n was
w (watch) wh (when)
'x' as in box
.
y as In yes
'z' as in zebra
'zh' as in measure
s (treasure) si (television)
'.
ng (strong) n (sink)
y (yell)
1.-
c
English Back To Basics
-
xiv
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Prefixes
Meaning
Prefl.
nti
Teacher notes
Ellamp/e(s}
11
opposed, against
antiseptic
bi-
two, twice
bicycle
bie-
life
biography
circum
around
circumference
".
together
cooperate
contra-
opposite, against
contradict
d,
defer, descend
dis-
apart
disconnect
en em
make
enable, embrace
".
former
ex-premier
for
001
forget
fore-
before
forecast
91g8-
billion
gigabyte
hyper-
over, exclusive
hyperactive
i I-
001
illegal
not, in
incomplete, inside
1m If
001
impossible, irregular
inter-
between, among
interview
mal-
wrong
mallunction
mega-
million
megabyte
micro-
small
microscope
milli-
thousand
millilitre
mini-
small
miniskirt
mis-
wrongly
misjudge
non
001
nonsense
out
outside, detached
outpatient
post-
after
postgraduate
pre
before
preheat
".
again, back
repeat, relllrn
seml-
ha If
semicircle
sub-
under
submarine
super-
over, above
superhuman
trans-
across
transport
tri-
three, triple
tricvcle
".
001
undone
unl-
one, single
uniform
with-
against, away
withhold
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I""
Suffixes
Meaning
Sufflx
Teacher notes
E"smple(sJ
-able, ible
adaptable, possible
-ai, -ieal
of, relating to
maternal, magical
."
like
circular
-ate
to make
aggravate
-lilian
act of
invitation
-dam
state of
freedom
-ar, -or
one who
farmer, actor
-ass
feminine of nouns
pnncess
-fold
twofold
-ful
helpful, plateful
Ion
consideration, promotion
158
make into
humanise
-ish
belonging, like
girlish, Swedish
Ism
heroism, baptism
-ist
one who
artist
Ive
native, protective
-less
without
childless
Iy
-ment
achievement. judgment
-ous
full of
nervous
-phobia
fear, dread
claustrophobia
c
English - Back To Basics
xvi
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Word origins
Teacher notes
Meaning
EXBmple(s}
scribe
writing
po"
carry
p,d
foot
spire
breathe
mit
send, leI go
fact
make, do
to lead
cap, capil
head
fI"
flow
manl, manu
hand
aqua,aque
water
"d
hear
anm, annu
year
bene
well
prem, prim
first
unus
0"'
unit
d"
two
duet
tres
three
triangle
qualllor
four
quarter
qUinque
five
quintet
'"
'"
sextuplet
septum
seven
octo
eight
octopus
novem
mne
decem
to"
decimal
centum
hundred
century
mille
thousand
millimetre
Meaning
Example(_}
meter, metre
measure
micro
small
aero
'"
sphere
globe, ball
tele
far off
logy
word, knowledge,
science of
auto
self
logos
word, reason
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Teacher notes
LIST 1
about
choose
friend
none
their
ache
colour
guess
ocean
though
address
coming
half
often
through
afraid
cough
heard
once
together
agam
could
hospital
people
tomorrow
agree
country
hour
picture
tonight
almost
couple
hungry
piece
tOllch
always
COUSin
important
please
trouble
among
daughter
insect
promise
Tuesday
answer
decide
instead
question
uncle
'"y
definite
interesting
quick
llsed
around
different
invite
ready
useful
August
difficult
January
reason
vegetable
aunt
discuss
knew
remember
vOice
autumn
doctor
know
rough
Wednesday
balloon
does
lately
said
welcome
beautiful
don',
laugh
separate
where
because
done
library
September
which
been
during
listen
sI9n
who
beginning
early
lose
since
women
behaviour
easy
making
some
won't
bicycle
eight
many
someone
would
breakfast
every
meant
special
write
built
exercise
message
spread
writing
business
famous
might
straight
wrong
busy
February
minute
strange
wrote
boy
finish
naughty
sure
yesterday
careful
forgotten
nearly
surprise
xviii
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Teacher notes
LIST 2
PrIm-Ed PubllshlngC
accident
customer
incident
private
adventure
damage
information
procedure
aeroplane
decoration
injury
punishment
altogether
delicious
instrument
pure
ambulance
disappointing
intelligent
PYjamas
amusing
discovery
jealous
quantity
anxIous
disgmceiul
knowledge
reasonable
appear
distract
lawyer
recreation
appreci!lte
division
league
religion
argument
doubt
machine
repair
assembly
election
material
request
association
electric
medicine
scarce
athlete
enormous
migrate
separate
attendance
enough
multiplication
serious
audience
excitement
museum
silence
author
extreme
musical
skilful
automatic
failure
mystery
subtraction
avenue
fashion
necessary
support
awful
favourite
neighbour
surround
balance
finally
nephew
technology
believe
forty
nervous
unknown
careless
frequent
mece
valuable
celebrate
generous
opinion
variety
centre
gradual
oxygen
visitor
certain
heritage
parliament
weary
chocolate
hesitate
passenger
weight
comfortable
honest
permission
weird
committee
horrible
persuade
yacht
conversation
imagination
physical
youth
curtain
immediately
population
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xix
Teacher notes
LIST 3
accessories
convenient
foreigner
irrelevant
outrageolls
silhouette
acquaintance
cooperate
fortunately
irreplaceable
paralyse
sincerely
acquire
courageous
freight
irresponsible
participant
sophisticated
admittance
CUriOUS
fugitive
itinerary
permitted
spaghetti
adolescence
deceased
furious
jewellery
phenomenon
spontaneous
anniversary
definite
gauge
kidnapped
pneumonia
statistics
anonymous
desperate
genuine
knowledgeable
politician
successful
appalling
diabetes
glamorous
labelled
possession
sufficient
Arctic
diarrhoea
government
legendary
possibility
supervisor
assistance
difference
grammar
limousine
professional
surgeon
asthmatic
disappearance
grieve
maintenance
pronunciation
SUSpICIOUS
basically
disapproval
guarantee
manageable
prosecute
technique
bouquet
disastrous
guard
manually
protein
therapeutic
boutique
discipline
hallucination
millionaire
questionnaire
tragedy
bureau
discrimination
harass
miraculous
queue
transferred
campaign
discussion
hereditary
mortgage
reassurance
twelfth
casualty
disease
hilarious
muscle
rebellious
unanimous
cautious
disinfectant
humorous
mysterious
receipt
unconscIous
cemetery
distinguish
hypothetical
nausea
recommend
unique
chauffeur
documentary
hysterical
negotiate
referee
unnecessary
choreography
economically
Ignorance
numerous
regretted
vaccinate
coincidence
efficient
illiterate
nutritious
rehabilitation
vague
colleague
eightieth
imaginative
obedient
relevant
visibility
commercial
electrician
immaculate
obese
responsibility
volunteered
commitment
embarrass
inappropriate
obscene
restaurant
vulnerable
communicate
encourage
independence
obsessive
resuscitate
wintry
competitive
escalator
indigenous
occasion
rhythm
worshipped
concussion
essential
ineligible
occurred
rumour
congratul ations
eventually
ingredient
offence
satellite
conscientious
fascinate
inseparable
omitted
schedule
conscIous
fatigue
intermediate
opportunity
siege
controversial
fierce
interrupt
ordinary
significant
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Teacher notes
LIST 1
EJt8J!!..
..fJ
Words
angel/angle
We put the angel on the Christmas tree. A triangle might have II right angle.
as/like
ate/eaten
beat/beaten
became/become
began/begun
been/being
besidefbesides
blew/blown
breath/breathe
can/may/might
She can do that. May I do that? r may do that. I might be able to do that
came/come
chose/choose
dairy/diary
desert/dessert
The desert was dry. He deserted them. We had ice-cream for dessert.
did/done
forgotlforgotten
gave/give
gone/went
hid/hidden
Mum hid the Christmas presents. The presents were hidden from us.
its/it's
knew/know/known
I knew the teacher. I know who she is. I wish I had known before.
laid/lain
It was laid on the table. It had lain on the table for a while.
learn/teach
lend/borrow
loose/lose
meter/metre
ol/off
outdoor/outdoors
passed/past
practic e/practise
prineipa Vprinciple
quietlquite
raptlwrapped
risen/rose
The sun had risen before I woke. The sun rose before I did.
rolelroll
She played the role of a doctor. She ate a salad roll for lunch.
showed/shown
storey/story
They lived on the top storey of the building. I read the story.
their/there/they're
threw/through
tore/torn
wear/where/we're
I will wear the dress. Where are you? We're going to school.
wentlgone
who/which
I have two brothers who are older. I have two kittens which are cute.
who's/whose
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Teacher notes
LIST 2
Exam
J#:
accept/except
addition/edition
advice/advise
IIffeet/ef fect
amend/emend
They should amend the rule. He needs to emend (edit! his work.
ballet/ballot
belief/believe
chll rted/chllrtered
e onlin ulIl/continuous
coune iIIar/counselior
The local councillor approved the plans. The counsellor listened to her.
dependanUdependent
The woman had two dependants. The child was dependent on her mother.
device/devise
The electronic device was expensive. She had to devise a new plan.
eliciUillicit
elig ible/legible
The school was elig i ble for the 9 rant. Her writing wa s legible.
emig ra nt/immig ra nt
The emigrant left his country. The immigrant arrived in his new country.
emission/omission
There was a gas emission. The omission of her name was an oversight.
employee/employer
The new employee worked hard. The boss was their employer.
forg ave/forgiven
formally/formerly
human/humane
licence/license
mediate/meditate
She had to mediate between the groups. I took time to meditate and relax.
overtaken/overtook
They had overtaken the slow car. They overtook the car.
premier/premiere
prool/prove
You need the right proof first You will have to prove it's true.
refuge/refugee
He took refuge from the storm. The refugee arrived from another country.
review/revue
Write a review of the book. The musical revue was very funny.
sca red/scarred
scraped/scrapped
She scraped her knee when she fell. ' scrapped the work I was doing.
station ary/stationery
suit/suite
He wore the new suit to the party. We stayed in an expensive hotel suite.
summary/summery
mistaken/mistook
I was mistaken about the time. I mistook the time it would take.
'c.
J;
c
Eng/ish Back To Basics
-
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c
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o
English Homework
Spelling
TEACHER INFORMATION
This list of 20 words forms part 01 the vocabulary consistently used throughout the
book. The activities revise concepts previously introduced at olher levels.
Answers
1. danger, weather, answer, computer
2. (a) hear
(b) real
(b) answer/sledling
(d) quiet/Ivler/est
(f) finish/es/ed/ing
(h) piece/sled/ing
6. happen, really
7. (II) during
B.
(b) early
(e) cousin
9. (II) finish
(d) early
(g) beautiful
(b) quiet
(e) piece
(h) always
(e) answer
(f) danger
(i) heard
10. already, answer, beautiful, danger, early, heard, instead, piece, station, weather
c
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Spelling
heard
danger
weather
quiet
happen
COUSin
already
really
1.
2.
instead
computer
lal heard
3.
lei COUSin
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
-
piece
answer
almost
Ibl
station
during
early
until
beautiful
finish
a/ways
really
lal danger
w
Ibl answer
IfI finish
4.
5.
6.
lei happen
Id) quiet
.
Igi computer
Ih) piece
ea sound.
and
(a) dgunri
8.
Ie I DunCIS
.
Ib) ylrae
lal instead
Ibl computer
lei weather
Idl heard
lei station
9.
10.
lal start
Ib) nOIsy
Ie) question
Idl late
Ie) whole
If) safety
Igi ugly
Ih) never
iii ignored
Write the first 10 words (those in the top line) in alphabetical order.
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Spelling
TEACHER INFORMATION
This lisl of 20 words forms part 01 the vocabulary consistently used throughout the
book. The activities revise concepts previously introduced at other levels.
Answers
1. often, listen
2. arrive, different
3. Answers may vary. Examples include:
(II) strange/r/est/ly
(b) noise/s/y/ier/iesl
(c) arrive/s/edling/al
(e) listen/s/ed/ing/er
(g) picture/sled/ing
(if thoughtls/ful/less
4. (a) arrive
(d) bought
(d) trouble/s/ed/ingfsome
(f) laughJs/ed/ingiter/able
(h) surprise/sled/ing
(b) angry
(e) busy
(e) caught
(f) different
B.
(a) people
(b) noise
(c) trouble
(b) mad/cross/irate
(d) weird/eerie/odd/unusual
c
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Spelling
strange
enough
thought
people
::0
<t
Z
nOIse
picture
laugh
bought
trouble
2.
and
4.
caught
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
often
1.
3.
angry
busy
arrive
listen
different
surpnse
country
naughty
every
(a) strange
Ibl nOise
lei arrive
Idl trouble
lei listen
IfI laugh
(g) picture
Ihl surprise
Iii thought
lal leave
Ibl calm
lei threw
Idl sold
lei lazy
If I same
5.
lal enough
Ibl naughty
.
lei arrive
Idl often
.
lei surprise
6.
Write the last 10 words (those in the bottom line) in alphabetical order.
7.
lal ou
Ibl au
8.
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
___
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
___
lal ppeeol
9.
_
_
_
_
_
_
(bl esion
_
_
_
_
_
_
(el ouebtrl
_
_
_
_
_
_
(a) picture
Ibl angry
lei ohen
Idl
5
strange
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Plurals
TEACHER INFORMATION
The plural 0 1 11 word indicates more than one person or thing.
Adding an s is the most common way to make most singular words plural.
Forwards ending in y, with II vowel before the y, just add s; e.g. boy-boys.
For words ending in y, with II consonant before the y, change the y to i and add es;
e.g. lady-ladies. Nole: Proper nouns do not change; add an s only; e.g. Mr end
Mn Henry-The Henrys.
For words ending in sh, eh, s or., add as; e.g. dish-dishes, church-churches,
box-boxes, dress-dresslIs.
Forwards ending in f or f8, change the I or fe to v and add as; e.g. leaf-leaves.
Note: There are exceptions sllch as chief. belief, chef and cafe. (These words
would sound strange with II v sound.)
For some words ending in 0 add an s; e.g. piano-pianos, avocado-avocados,
radio-radios.
For words that are hyphenated, add s to the main noun; e.g. sisler-in-Iaw
sisters-in-law.
Some words retain the same form; e.g. sheep, aircraft, fish, deer.
Answers
1. answers, cousins, laughs, noises, pieces, thoughts
2. (a) lunches
(d) heroes
(g) bosses
(b) crosses
(e) buzzes
(h) crunches
(c) boxes
(f) blushes
(b) studies
(e) toys
(c) countries
(f) monkeys
3. a , e , i , o , u
4. (a) tries
(d) parties
c
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Plurals
1.
angry
__
answer
__
nOise
laugh
COUSIn
__
quiet
early
arrive
__
piece
__
thought
Rule: Add es if a word ends in ch, sh, 55, X and z, and to most words ending in o.
2.
lal luneh
____
lei buzz
Ibl cross
lei box
Idl hero
If) blushl
Igi boss
Ihl crunch
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Rule: Drop the y, add ies if a word has a consonant before the final y.
Keep the y, add 5 if a word has a vowel before the final y.
w
::0
<t
Z
-'
3.
4.
Underline the teNeT before the final y. Write each word as a plural.
Q.
:::>
Q.
-
5.
lal try
Ibl study
lei country
Idl party
lei toy
If) monkey
(a) The two church were very old, but all of the picture inside them were lovely.
(bl When Rob marries Ellen, his two son will stand at the front near a vase of flower.
(e) Mum fried the four egg and toasted the four slice of bread.
(d) After we tried two different curry, we had two bowl of strawberry and mango.
(e) There were four piece of apple, two tomato, three sandwich and five peach in two small
box.
(f) The four cousin went with their parent to two party at different place.
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Base words
TEACHER INFORMATION
The base word is the main part of the word; e.g. independent
Prefixes and suffixes are added to a base word to change its meaning.
These new words are called derivalives.
Answers
1. (8) most
(d) year
(g) finish
(jI hear
(b)
(e)
(h)
(k)
anger
ask
stop
ready
(e) way
(f) fun
(i) try
(I) real
c
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Base words
A base word is the main part of a word. Other words can be formed from a base word by
adding prefixes and suffixes.
For example:
open
open ed - opening - unopened
1.
2.
(a) almost
(b) angry
(e) always
(d) yearly
(e) asked
(f) funny
(g) unfinished
(h) stopped
(i) tries
(il heard
(k) already
(I) really
::0
<t
Z
(b) I care.
.
I am
--'
mg.
She
ed.
He
I feel
Q.
:::>
Q.
-
d.
I am
It is
ful.
He is un
mg.
.
ful.
3.
mg.
d.
He dis
He works
less.
I am
d.
I am
mg.
She is
s.
They
s.
ed.
He
s.
She
I am un
(e) I .gree.
It s an
mg.
ment.
'
It's a dis
ment.
(a) miss
(b) water
(e) hear
(d) friend
(e) bury
4.
(a) The
(bl
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_____
______
ing her.
Prefixes
TEACHER INFORMATION
The prefix is one or more letters added to the beginning of II base word to change
its meaning; e.g. dislike, unhappy. replay, irresponsible, misunderstood, improper,
disappear, preheat, illegal.
Answers
1. (8) Ii) dislike
(iii) disagree
(bl Answers will vary.
(e) Answers will vary.
fiil disobey
(ivldisrespect
(iii unsure
(v) ungrateful
{ivj unable
(bl Words and sentences will vary.
(iii) unpopular
(vi) unequal
c
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Prefixes
A prefix is put in front of a base word.
1.
The prefix dis- means 'not' or 'apart'. Write dis- in front of each word.
lal iii
__
_
like
Iii I
Iii iI
<obey
___
___
agree
livl
respect
___
::0
<t
Z
-'
Q.
:::>
Q.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2. lal The prefix un- means 'not'. Write un in front of each word.
I iI
usual
I ii I
sure
I ii il
popular
livl
able
Ivl
grateful
Ivi I
equal
3.
4.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
The prefix bi- means 'two' or 'twice'. What does each word mean?
lal bicycle
Ibl biplane
(c) bicolour
Idl biweekly
Finish each sentence. Underline the words with the prefix bi-.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_______
______
away.
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_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Suffixes
TEACHER INFORMATION
A suffix i." one or more letters added to the end of II base word to add to its meaning;
e.g. careless, helpful, thinly, walker, agreement, talking, breakable, famous,
neatness, selfish.
Answers
1. (a) Ii) arriving
{ivj exciting
(vii)chasing
Hi)
surprising
M placing
(viii) inviting
(iii) troubling
(vi) writing
2. (a) placement
(d) enjoyment
(g) statement
(if government
(b)
(e)
(h)
achievement
employment
payment
(f) pavement
(i) management
(e) judgement
(b)
(e)
arguments
employment
(e) enioyment
4. (a)
(b )
(c)
(d)
(e)
c
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Suffixes
A suffix is added to the end of a base word.
1.
(a) When adding the suffix -ing, drop the final e. Write a new word by adding -ing. (Don't
forget to cross outthe e.)
Ii) arrive
Iv) pla ce
__
(ii) surprise
(vi) write
__
(iii) trouble
__
(vii) chase
__
(iv) excite
__
(viii) invite
__
__
__
______
::0
<t
Z
-'
Q.
:::>
Q.
_____
______
at the airport.
the invitations.
to watch my cat
_____
_____
2.
la) place
If) pave
3.
__
Ib)achieve
I e ) judge
__
Ih) pay
Ig) state
__
__
Id) enjoy
I i) manage
__
__
Ie ) employ
Iii govern
__
__
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
(e) What employment would you like when you are older?
4.
Alphabetical order
Answers
1. (a) angry
(bl cousin
(e) answer
(d) beautiful
3. (a) across
(bl beautiful
(e) danger
(d) table
c
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Alphabetical order
1.
l al
Ibl
lel
Idl
2.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
l aI
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
bought
Ibl
listen
lei
happen
caught
enough
naughty
always
instead
arrive
people
COUSin
strange
danger
often
every
3.
The words in each group start with the same letter. Look at the second letter and write the
word in each list that comes first alphabetical/y.
lal
Ibl
lel
Idl
4.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
l aI
listen
Ibl
every
lei
piece
.
laugh
early
peace
lose
enough
party
lunch
eleven
place
lend
eighty
la I
already
I bl
strange
lei
thought
always
station
think
almost
stopped
thump
also
still
thank
altogether
steps
then
15
Syllables
TEACHER INFORMATION
A syl/able is 11 unit of sound which contains one vowel sound. All words are made up
of one or more syllables.
Prefixes and suffixes are usually separate syllables; e.g. im!prove/ment.
Compound words have two or more syllables; e.g. nole/book, Dut/side, sun/shine.
When II word has double consonants, separate syllables between these letters; e.g.
yel/low. scrib/ble, gram/mar.
Words ending in -tie, -ble, -die, -pie, -gle. -cle, -fle and -zle are usually separate
syllables; e.g. whis/tle, slalble, hanJdle, sam/pie. jinig le, trea/cle, riffle, puz/zle.
Base words with II vowel-consonant-vowel pattern usually divide before the
consonant; e.g. po/lice, dolnor, a/pe n, dellete, algenl, sillen!.
Base words with a vowel-consonant-vowel-consonant pattern usually divide
between the consonants; e.g. doc/tor, pic/ture, cen/sus, con/cert.
Answers
1. There are two syllables in each word.
(a) finish
(e) danger
(b) until
(I) angrv
(c) happan
(d) listan
(b) beeutiful
(c) mineral
(d) November
3. (a) act/or
1,1 name/less
(b)
(I)
(j)
(n)
(c) pay/ment
(g) dis/a/gree
(k) re/do
(0) re/paint/ed
(d) writ/ing
(h) un/e/qual
(I) refuse
(p) re/wound
4. (a) some/time
1,1 out/side
(i) birth/day
(b) some/one
(I) in/side
(j) air/port
(c) some/how
(g) to/day
(k) sauce/pan
(d) with/out
(h) staff/room
(I) rain/bow
5. (a) hap/pen
1,1 din/ner
(b) dif/fer
(I) hoVlow
(j) hamlmer
(c) muf/fin
(g) hap/py
(k) yel/low
(d) arlrive
(h) man/ner
(I) pul/zle
(i) bi/sect
(m) un/fair/ly
(q) un/fold/ed
(i) foVlow
paint/er
hardIer
un/Wrap
care/less/ly
c
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Syllables
A syllable is a word or a part of a word. There is a vowel sound in every syllable.
1.
Circle the vowel sounds and write how many syl/ables there are in each word.
la) finish
There are
2.
There are
Ie) danger
(f) angry
Ie) mineral
(d) November
Ie) different
--'
(d) fisten
Circle the vowel sounds and write how many syl/ables there are in each word.
(a) crocodile
::0
<t
Z
(e) happen
(b) until
3.
Q.
:::>
Q.
-
la)
If)
Ik)
Ip)
actor
harder
redo
rewound
(b)
(g)
( I)
(q)
painter
disagree
reuse
unfolded
(e) payment
(h) unequal
(m) unfairly
(d) writing
(i) bisect
(n) carelessly
(e) nameless
Ii ) unwrap
( 0) repainted
4.
(a) sometime
If) inside
(k) saucepan
fb) someone
(g) today
(I) rainbow
(c) somehow
(h) staffroom
Id) without
(i) birthday
fe) outside
(il airport
Rule 3: When a word has double letters that sound like one consonant. separate
between these letters; e.g. sum/mer. con/nect. pil/low. bet/ter. car/rot.
5. Show the syllables in each word.
la) happen
If) hollow
Ik) yellow
6.
Ib) differ
Ig) happy
(I) puzzle
(d) arrive
(i) follow
(e) dinner
(j) hammer
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
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muffin
manner
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
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D
17
Synonyms
TEACHER INFORMATION
Synonyms are words that are similar in
Answers
1. (a) almost
(b( answer
(,( listen
2. (e) whole
(b( false
(,( horrible
(d( finish
(d( hole
(el beautiful
(II piece
(el small
(e) unhappy
(II mad/cross
c
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Synonyms
Synonyms are words that have the same or a similar meaning.
1.
answer
lal nearly
piece
almost
_
_
_
_
_
_
Idl end
2.
3.
4.
listen
beautiful
Ibl reply
lei pretty
lei hear
If) part
lal
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
finish
bit
part
whole
.
piece
section
Ibl
right
correct
true
false
exact
lei
small
large
big
huge
enormous
Idl
whole
entire
hole
aII
total
(e)
wonderful
te rfifi c
fantastic
horrible
awesome
(a) easy
Ibl diffieult
Idl start
lei sad
_
_
_
_
_
Ie) near
IfI angry
(f) We went to the beach on a nice day and saw a lot of people.
5.
lal ask
lei quick
Pr1mEd Publishlr.sr-
Ibl good
_
_
_
_
_
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_
_
_
_
_
19
Idl dirty
English Back To Basics
-
Antonyms
TEACHER INFORMATION
Antonyms are words that lire opposite in meaning. Antonyms can add II contrast in
description or feeling. Many words take a prefix to create an antonym; e.g. happy
unhappy.
Answers
1 . (,( never
(d) bought
( b( answer
(, ) different
( b) quiet
(, ) laugh
(0)
(f)
(0 I
(fl
arrive
early
rough
west
sure, unsure
popular, unpopular
country, city
well-balanced, naughty
hot summer days, cold winter nights
c
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Antonyms
Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning.
1.
different
2.
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
Idl sold
(e) same
_
_
_
_
_
answer
arrive
(e) leave
If) late
_
_
_
_
_
Ibl noisy
(e) smooth
lei cry
If) east
lal
4.
bought
Ibl question
Idl shallow
3.
early
(a) always
(a) slowest
never
yesterday
Monday
morning
tomorrow
midday
Ibl
clean
nice
dirty
shiny
smooth
Icl
person
adult
friend
someone
enemy
Idl
fridge
freeze
freezing
.
Ice
melt
(a) Trent sat in the front of the car that was moving slowly.
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TEACHER INFORMATION
HomophorlflS are words thai sound the same but have different meanings; e.g. cereal
serial, know -no, feal -feel, stare -stair.
Homographs life words that are spell the same but have different meanings and may
or may not sound the same.
Examples:
bow 1rhymes with COW}-II verb meaning to bend the body liS II sign of respect
bow irhymes with low}-a noun meaning II looped knot
fair-a noun meaning II group of sideshows
fair-an adjective meaning not cloudy.
Answers
1. (a)
(e)
1,1
1,1
find
wear
mane
steal
(i) court
2. 1,1 peace
IfI seem
3.
I bl
Id I
III
Ih I
fined
where
mam
steel
caught
Ihi hole
(e) threw
1,1 knot
(h) right
(d) heard
(iI scent
(e) berry
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
c
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1.
___
my book.
___
_
_
_
_
it is.
___
___
<t
for speeding.
idea?
___
Homographs are words that are spelt the same but have different meanings.
They may or may not sound the same.
let's take a break. Don't break that.
I feel fine. It's a fine day. I paid the fine.
2.
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
-
3.
(a) piece
Ibl whole
Icl through
Idl herd
lei bury
IfI seam
Igi not
Ihl write
(i) cent
,'
____
4.
____
____
and
then
____
____
____
_
_
_
_
____
we are going.
lal board
Ibl mean
Icl fair
Idl band
lei
lie
23
Compound words
TEACHER INFORMATION
A compound word is formed by joining two or more words together.
Examples include:
Answers
1. staircase, bathroom, toothache, eyelash, fingerprint, shipwreck, peppermint,
motorcycle
(b ) under- arm, pass, pay, cut, feed, foot, line, go, done
(c) back- burn, fire, water, drop, side, stroke, ward, ground, hand, lash
(d) over- play, run, sluff, thrown, work, lime, sight, joyed, coat, all, do, dose,
look
3. (8) aircraft
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
password
rainfall
lifesaver
earthquake
(I) frostbite
c
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Compound words
1.
2.
Match words from each list and write eight compound words.
stair
bath
tooth
eye
finger
ship
pepper
wreck
ache
case
cycle
lash
mint
some
(al
(el
under
(bl
back
(dl
motor
room
f-
"
o..
ve
..
r
---j
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
-
3.
(a) The a
___
,e
___
w,
___
f,
(e) The f
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
(f) He was lost in the snow so long that his fingers and toes had f
4.
b,
_
_
_
I ------
(bl cobweb
buttertly
I -------
(dl sunshine
I surtboard 1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
(el
tryout
I basketball I -------
(fl
laptop
standby
I ------25
Contractions
TEACHER INFORMATION
A contr8ctiofl is II shortened form of two words where an apostrophe is llsed to
replace the letters omitted; e .g I am I m she is -she's, will not -won't, are not
.
'
Answers
1 . (a) I'm
(II I've
(k) I'll
(pi we'll
(M she's
(e) he's
(g) she's
(h) he's
(mlhe'li
HI she'll
(d) ii's
(iI ii's
(n) it'll
(e) that's
(j) that's
(0) that'll
3. (a) couldn't
(e) haven',
(if aren',
(bl wouldn't
IfI doesn't
(j) hadn't
4. (a) I'd
(d) we'd
(bl she'd
(e) they'd
I, I shouldn't
Igl wasn',
Ikl don't
(d) hasn't
(h) weren't
(II isn't
(e) he'd
(I) you'd
c
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Contractions
1.
la) I am
Ib) she is
Ie) he is
Id) it is
Ie) that is
If) I have
Ih) he has
Ii) it has
Ik) I will
1m) he will
In) it will
Ip) we will
__
To shorten are, drop the a and use an apostrophe; e.g. we are - we're.
To shorten have, drop the ha and use an apostrophe; e.g. we have - we've.
2.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
3.
la ) could not
Ib ) would not
Ie ) should not
Ik) do not
(I) is not
4.
la) I would
Id) we would
Ie) he would
_
_
_
_
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Abbreviated words
TEACHER INFORMATION
An abbreviation is II word written in II shortened form. Generally. II full stop is used to
show that part of the word is missing:
population-pop.
tablespoon-Ibsp.
No full slop is used when the first and last letters are used;
Doctor-Dr
Road-Ad
Abbreviations which consist of more than one capital letter do nol generally require
full stops;
PO (post office)
Answers
1. (a) rd
IbI "
I,I sec.
III ".
(If pd
(k) p.
2. (e) rd
(b) ea.
Y'
sec.
pd
min.
1,1 '"
Ih I min.
h'
tel.
"
'"
p.
".
Idl Y'
(i) h '
I,I
".
(j)
tel.
3. Sunday - Sun.
Monday - Mon.
Thursday -Thurs.
Tuesday -Tues.
Friday - Fri.
4. January - Jan.
April -Apr.
July-Jul.
October - Oct.
February - Feb.
May - May
Augusl- Aug.
November - Nov.
March- Mar.
June-Jun.
September - Sept.
December - Dec.
Wednesday - Wed.
Saturday - Sat.
5. (a) answer
(e) Doctor
(b) forward
(I) Mister
(c) chapter/chaplain
(g) Mistress
(d) square
(h) book
c
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Abbreviated words
An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word.
Abbreviations that use the first and last letter of a word do not need a full stop.
Abbreviations that do not use the last letter of a word do need a full stop.
1.
Write the matching abbreviations and add full stops for the words that require them.
lal road
Ibl street
(e) avenue
Idl year
lei each
IfI paid
(g) second
(hI minute
Iii hour
iii telephone
Ikl page
(I) number
sf
ea
min
tel
no
pd
rd
hr
ave
sec
vr
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
3.
4.
5.
lal ans.
lei Dr
_
_
_
_
Ibl fwd
IfI Mr
_
_
_
_
_
_
Icl chap.
_
_
_
_
Igi Mrs
Idl sq.
Ihl bk
TEACHER INFORMATION
Consonants which form digraphs (i.e. two letters making one soundI with olher
consonants include:
Some consonants are silent when in II digraph with II vowel; e.g. island, honest.
Answers
1. (a) 9 - gnat, sign, gnome, gnaw
(b) funny/furry
(e) arrive
(h) manner/matter
(c) puppy/putty
(f) happen
(i) difficult
(b) stirred
(e) wrapped
(h) knitted
(c) cancelled
(f) kidnapped
c
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(a) Sort these words into five groups to show the silent consonants.
answer
listen
honest
gnat
autumn
castle
wrong
hour
sign
wrist
rustle
rhubarb
gnome
hymn
watch
wrinkle
whip
solemn
whole
honour
gnaw
column
hustle
writer
silent 9
silent h
silent n
silent t
silent w
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
(iv) Serious
2.
_
_
_
_
_
la) castle
Ib) hour
I am
I am
(e) wrinkle - I am
Id) answer
Ie) rhubarb
If) sign
3.
4.
5.
I am
I am
- I am
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
la) glfa
Ib) fu
I c ) pu
Id) be
er
Ig) di
erent
Ih) rna
er
Ie) a
.
Ive
If)
ha
en
Ii) d i
ic ult
Ii)
hi
up
Double the final consonant to add ed to these words; e.g. rob - robbed.
la) hug
Ib) stir
Ic) cancel
Id) equal
(e) wrap
If) kidnap
Ig) mob
Ih) knit
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
31
English
Back To Basics
Answers
1 . ,,, angry
III really
Ibl early
(e) already
(d) country
(e) every
2. (e) piece
Ibl believe
,,, achieve III quiet
(0) until
(k) Wednesday
(M heard
(e) happen HI party
5. (8) above
(e) often
(g) trouble
(d) country
(hi summer
(i) always
c
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lal angri
_
_
_
Ibl earli
lei alreadi
_
_
_
Ifl reali
Ie) evri
_
_
_
(d) countri
Ihl buzi
(g) nauti
2.
lal A p
,ee of paper.
__
ghbour is nice
(d) My n
3.
w
4.
I bel,
Ie)
I ach
ve you.
__
ve a lot.
lei I w
If)
ghed myself.
It's very qu
t.
Decide which words are spe/t incorrectly and write them correctly.
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
Ibl
(b) arive
(e) during
Idl listin
lei untill
IfI fourty
(g) picture
(h) suprise
iii laugh
(j) cousen
Ikl Wensday
III autum
_
_
_
_
_
(d) I luted at the piture she'd drwn of the peopl in the nieghbouhood.
(a) abveo
Idl tryu neo
_
_
_
_
_
Igi terlobu
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Ibl dhear
lei netio
lei pphane
If) rypta
Ihl muersm
33
_____
Iii saalwy
English
Back To Basics
Using a dictionary
TEACHER INFORMATION
This is II sample of a dictionary entry for the word key.
Key f'Ki/ n., pI.
Word origin ([ME-Middle English)) shows where the word comes from.
Answers
1.
Pronunci.tion:
Shows howto
Oefinition:
Plural:
Show. how to
I.
o,"
o"
in
'
;';'
'
;j
_
Show. whe,
e the
W<I,
d comes f,,,,,.,
ParlS ol.peed"
Show, ff the word i. a noun.
'._
..
._
. m_
_
_
_
_
_
._
,._
rM
'_
"-,
',_
BAt_
""
Root W<lrd:
Show. the b word.
--iI.'"'....
. ..'."
. "'J
" I
_
_
_
_
(b) noun
(c) babies
(d) five
(e) babi, babee
(f) babe
34
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Using a dictionary
1. Match the labels to the information from a dictionary.
The entry word:
Pronunciation:
Shows howto
Shows how to
savthe word.
Definition:
Shows the meanings
of the word.
Word origin:
Shows where the
word comes from.
Parts of speech:
Shows if the word is a
noun, verb, adjective etc.
Plural:
Shows how to
spell the plural.
Root word:
Shows the base word.
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3.
Find each word in a dictionary. Write two sentences to show the different meanings of
each word.
(a) finish
(b) station
lei draw
Idl press
4.
Look up the given word. Write at least 10 words that can be added to form compound
words.
(a) head
Ibl sea
ache
phone
35
side
horse
English
Back To Basics
Answers
1. (8) We walked along the footpath to get to school.
It was such a long way to walk.
(d) altogether
(bl always
(e) almost
(e) alright
(f) although
c
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
36
Pr1m-Ed Publlshlnge
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1.
lal
Ibl
lei
::0
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Q.
:::>
Q.
Idl
lei
If)
2.
along
We walked
a long
It was such
around
We went to visit
a round
I think we drove
anyone
I can't find
anyone
everyday
1 had two
every day
I had to do them
anyway
any way
1 will help in
aloud
a loud
Jane read
______
way to walk.
______
______
jobs to do at home.
after school.
______
______.
1 can.
______
______
(a) together
Ibl almost
lei maybe
Idl may be
lei any body
If I anybody
Igi everyone
Ihl every one
3.
I bl
all ways
Idl
all together
If)
all though
37
English
Back To Basics
Capital letters
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
A capitallettflf is used:
as the first letter of II proper noun; e.g. Ireland, Thomas, Pacific Ocean
forthe initial letter and proper nouns in titles of books, films etc.; e.g. Black
Beauty, Finding Nema.
PrimEd Publishinge employs minimal capitalisation for tJlles of books and other
publications, liS recommended by the Style manual for authors, editors and printers,
sixth edition, 2002.
Answers
1. (a) She can read.
(bl Amanda
(c) Singapore
(dl West Street
(e) Wednesday
(II February
(g) New Year's Day
(h) High school musical
(if Prime Minister
!if Tower of London
2. (a) Emma and I went to see the final Harry Potter film.
(b) MV sister moved from New York to Toronto last JuIV.
(c) Prince Charles hils a son clliled Prince William.
(d) Ourfamilv is going to an Easter service in Westminster Abbev.
(e) Uncle Max wllnts to climb Mount Everest and visit London.
(f) India and England are playing cricket at the Maryborough Cricket Club.
c
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
38
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Capital letters
1.
Wednesday
Prime Minister
Amanda
West Street
February
Tower of London
Singapore
::0
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Q.
:::>
Q.
(i ) Title of a person
(j) Names of buildings
2.
(a) emma and i went to see the final harry potter film.
(bl my sister moved from new york to toronto last july.
(e) prince charles has a son called prince william.
(d) our family is going to an easter service in westminster abbey.
(e) uncle max wants to climb mount everest and visit london.
(f) india and england are playing cricket atthe maryborough cricket club.
3.
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39
English
Back To Basics
Full stops
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
A lull stop (
) is used:
for abbreviations when only the first part oltha word is used; e,g. Feb., Capt.
Answers
1. (0) I think we are almost ready to go. We are driving to the beach.
(bl I always finish my homework. I complete it before dinner.
(e) I don't know the answer. Please ask the question again.
(d) The country I'd mosllike to visit is Spain. r will have to save II lot of money
to get there.
(e) My brothers play football. They are both in the same team.
(fl I've had enough of the hot weather. I'll be glad when it's winter.
2. (0) 26Jan.
(if 4.15pm
(bl para.
(j) 10.11.2011
(e) etc.
(k)7.3m
3. (a) Mum and I went to the shops. (bl Troy likes the game. (cl I want to see Sam.
I liked the colours.
We were happy to arrive home.
He is a good player.
His brother plays too.
We might ride.
c
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
40
Pr1mEd Publlshlnge
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Full stops
1.
Show where the full stops should be. Add a capitalleNer where needed.
(e) I don't know the answer please ask the question again
(d) The country I'd most like to visit is Spain I will have to save a lot of money to get there
(e) My brothers play football they are both in the same team
(f) I've had enough of the hot weather I'll be glad when it's winter
2.
Tick the boxes to show where full stops have been used correctly.
0 26 Jan.
lei 0 etc.
Ii) 0 4.15 pm
lal
::0
<t
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--'
Q.
=>
Q.
-
3.
Ibl
If)
Iii
0 para.
o J.K. Rowling
0 10.11.2011
0 II EXIT. II
juice.
0 milk.
eggs.
0 T.V.
Idl
bread. butter.
Ihl
III
4.
0 R.S.P.C.A
Igi 0 Who are you.
Ik1 0 7.3 m
Icl
We bought a
He is a good player
I think he
We might ride
It's fun to
Use the words given to write two short related sentences. Use full stops.
lal thought
.
nOise
Ibl laugh
picture
Icl danger
strange
Idl angry
answer
5. Show where the full stops should be. Add a capital leNer where needed.
A perfect day for me would happen during summer I would wake up with the sun dad
would have breakfast with me on the patio when I was dressed, I would ride to my
cousin's house we'd both go for a swim in their pool my Aunt Kate would make us lunch
Ben and I would watch a OVO I'd then ride back home and read my book
41
English
Back To Basics
Question marks
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
A question msrk 1 7 I is used:
at the end of II sentence that asks II question; e.g. How are you?
in direct and reported speech where II question is asked; e.g. 'How lire you?' she
asked.
Answers
1. A question mark should be placed althe end of each question. Answers will
vary.
c
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
42
Pr1m-Ed Publlshlnge
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Question marks
A question mark is used at the end of a sentence which asks something.
1.
Show where the question marks should be and answer the questions.
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English
Back To Basics
Exclamation marks
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
An 8xclamation mark ! ! ) is used to show II strong feeling; e .g . That's brilliant! Ouch!
Answers
1. (e) I had an awesome time at the party!
(bl I heard II woman shout, 'There's II fire! Call the fire brigade!'
(e) There you are! I've been looking for you everywhere.
(d) That tastes disgusting! I won't be trying that again.
(e) My little sister shouted, 'Keep away from my toys!'
(II Ouch! That really hurt!
(g) I can't stand all this noise! Be quiet!
(h) Wow! Thai was the best film I've ever seen!
(i) Oops! I can'l believe I did that again!
c
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
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Exclamation marks
A exclamation mark is used at the end of a sentence to show a strong feeling. It can mark
humour, surprise, excitement, anger and fear. It can also show someone is shouting or giving
an order. A quoted exclamation mark is included within the quotation marks.
1.
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
2.
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3.
(a) Look at those dolphins! ! ! I'd like to swim near them! They are just beautiful!
(b) I really! enjoyed the film. It was fantasti c ! ! ! ! !
(c) Come over here! What do you think?! I knew you would love it!!
(d) Don't jump on the bed ! ! Get off it now! Why don't you play outside?!
(e) I was so scared, I could hardly watch the TV! I was glad when the show was over ! ! !
4.
Write three or four sentences to describe the day you had yesterday. Use exclamation
marks to show strong feelings.
45
English
Back To Basics
Commas
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
A comma ( . f suggests a short pause and is used to make meaning clearer by separating
parts of a sentence. Use II comma to:
separate items in a list; O.g. I look pens, pencils, paper and paints to the class.
separate clauses in a sentence; e.g. If I see him today. I'll definitely tell him.
separate words, phrases and clauses at the start of a sentence; O.g. Firstly. I'm not
going!
separate words that add extra information; e.g. Kylio, my best friend, is coming to
visit.
separate the carrier (I replied} from the direct speech; e.g. 'Thai is Kylio', I replied.
Answers
1. (a) Altha barbecue we had salad, steak. sausages and burgers.
(b) The sports centre has teams lor basketball. netball. lootball and swimming.
(c) The people in my group are Tara. Dale. Lee. Oscar and Blake.
(d) The music room has a piano. guitars. a drum kit. trumpets and a keyboard.
(e) The top teams were the Boston Celtics, Chicago Bulls, Miami Heat and Utah Jazz.
2. (a) I like living here. although it would be nice to visit another country.
(b) Although the painting was beautilul. the artist couldn't sell it.
(c) I really don't know how to write a poem. so can you please show me?
(d) Mum drove us to school. butwe were very late arriving.
(e) They turned off all the power. making it saler to connect the new oven.
(II I'm not sure where I put my homework. unless I've left it in the car.
c
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
46
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Commas
Commas are used to separate items in a list.
1.
(e) The people in my group are Tara Dale Lee Oscar and Blake.
(d) The music room has a piano guitars a drum kit trumpets and a keyboard.
(e) The top teams were the Boston Celtics, Chicago Bulls, Miami Heat and Utah Jazz.
Two or more sentences or phrases joined together can be separated by a comma.
2.
(a) I like living here although it would be nice to visit another country.
--'
(bl Although the painting was beautiful the artist couldn't sell it.
=>
a..
(e) I really don't know howto write a poem so can you please show me?
(d) Mum drove us to school butwe were very late arriving.
(e) They turned off all the power making it safer to connect the new oven.
(f) I'm not sure where I put my homework unless I've left it in the car.
Commas are used to separate words adding extra information. For example:
My cat. Molly, is asleep on the chair. 'Molly' is the extra information. If you left out 'Molly',
the sentence would still make sense: My cat is asleep on the chair.
3.
4.
There are too many commas in this paragraph. Circle those that should be removed.
Did you know, that our capital city, has a zoo? If you visit, you can see, so many
wonderful, animals. There are elephants, giraffes, crocodiles, wombats, and koalas. They
are my favourites. The last time, we went, we stayed for lunch. There was a concert, in
the main area.
47
English
Back To Basics
Quotation marks
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
Quotation marks 1
"
enclose direct speech; e.g. 'I can see you', said TIm.
show quotations within quotations; e.g. 'The song is called "Insects" I think', said
Maya.
enclose words thallhe writer may not be using in their usual sense; e.g. The
learner driver 'ka ng arao-hopped' down Ih e road.
enclose the meaning 01 II word; e.g. The Spanish word 'siesta' means 11 'short
nap',
enclose lilies of books, songs, special names, plays elc. (in handwritten work!: e.g.
'The lion king' was playing.
Answers
(b) 'I tried to send a text', Annie said, 'but the battery was too low.
(c) 'Good morning', said the doctor. 'How are you feeting today?'
(d) 'That's an awesome game', I said, 'but I don't have it on my computer'.
(e) 'I'm going to tell you a secret', she whispered. 'Don't tell anyone else:
c
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
48
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Quotation marks
Quotation marks are used to show the exact words that someone has spoken.
,. Add quotation marks to the spoken words in each sentence.
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
-
2.
Finish these sentences by adding quotation marks around the direct speech.
lal
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_______
(e)
3.
1 said to my mum.
For example: 'I'll have an apple now,' he said, 'then a banana later:
(a) I can't do it now, moaned Tyler. I'm too tired.
(b) I tried to send a text , Annie said, but the battery was too low .
(c) Good morning , said the doctor. How are you feeling today?
(d) That's an awesome game , I said, but I don't have it on my computer .
(e) I'm going to tell you a secret , she whispered. Don't tell anyone else.
4.
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49
English
Back To Basics
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
An apostropho ( ) is used:
'
in contractions to show where letters have been dropped; e.g. I've taken it.
She's taken it.
to show ownership with nouns in the possessive case, e.g. the boy's bag, the
children's bags
when parts of words are left Dulto show the way a character speaks; e.g. l like
'em.
When IIsed to show ownership, the apostrophe is placed directly after the owner(s);
e.g. II lady's hal, the ladies' hats, the Smiths' dog, Mrs Jones's cat.
Possessive pronouns-its, his, hers, ours, yours-do not use an apostrophe.
Answers
1. (a) a -man's coat
3. (a)
a gk!'s cat
the puppies' tails
a door's locks
my oldest sister's leg
101 two heroes' medals
Ibl
I,I
Ihl
Ikl
clown
costume
I bl
Ella
dog
Ella's dog
1,1
Kara
ankle
Kara's ankle
Id I
, ,,
helmet
Ben's helmet
I, I
umpires
shirts
Ifl
teams
scores
teams' scores
I, I
artist
paintings
artist's paintings
Ihl
performers
musIc
performers' music
c
Eng/ish - Back To Basics
50
Pr1m-Ed Publlshlnge
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1.
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
If the name of the owner ends in an 5, you still add another s after the apostrophe; e.g.
James's book.
::0
<t
Z
2.
3.
Write the owner. what they own and the words with an apostrophe.
Sentence
Owner
What
Apostrophe added
girls
shoes
51
English
Back To Basics
Editing
Punctuation
Answers
Note: I n Question 3, the convention of llsing II separate line for each speaker is not followed. This
makes it easier for pupils to determine correct usa 9 e of quotation marks.
1. (a) Zac rode his bike down ButierSlreet and across Carter Road.
(bl What time do you think the film will end?
(c) South Africa will play three cricket matches against New Zealand.
(d) What II brilliant catch!
(e) Did you know that JK Rawling wrote the Harry Potter books?
(II President Ohama was elected in 2008.
(g) It's my birthday this Friday, the 21st of February.
(h) That's an awesome game!
(i) Would you prefer to visit Madrid or Paris?
(j) Uncle Tim and Aunt Jade are arriving from Brisbane in December.
2. (8) For dinner last night we had steak, salad and strawberry ice-cream.
3. (a) 'I wish we had a swimming pool', l whined to my parents. 'Be patient', Mum replied.
(b) 'Please sit down at your desk and take out the novel you are reading', our teacher requested.
(c) 'I'm coming over to your place tomorrow', said Ella. 'What time?' 1 asked.
(d) 'I'd rather playa computer game than watch TV', Blake said. 'Me too', l added.
(e) 'We're going out at 4.30: Dad said, 'so make sure you have what you need'.
4. (a) leah's dog was so big and I was a little bit worried about standing so close.
(b) The children's channel has a lot of cartoons.
(c) Dad's lawnmower was broken so he didn't mow the lawn yesterday.
(d) The players' jumpers were red and black when they played at home.
(e) The two doctors' patients were in the waiting room.
c
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
52
Pr1m-Ed Publlshlnge
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Editing
1.
2.
::0
<t
Z
be in each sentence.
--'
Q.
:::>
Q.
-
3.
4.
words spoken.
should go in each.
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
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Pr1mEd Publishlr.sr-
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. .
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WWW.primed.com
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53
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
English
Back To Basics
Nouns
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
Nouns are naming words. They name people, places, things and ideas.
Common nouns are words naming general father than particular things; e.g.
apple, river, table, colour.
Proper naurls name specific people and things lind lise a capital letter;
e.g. England, Luka.
Collective nouns name a group of people, animals or things; e.g. class, herd.
Abstract nouns name an idea, concept or quality; e.g. love, danger, youth, pain.
Nouns are often identified by the placement of B, an, the ar some in front of the word.
Answers
1. Proper nouns - Monday. Africa, Mr Scott, Pacific Ocean, Swan River, Oprah,
India, Hill Street
Common nouns - box, dog, bottle, car, actor, party, driver, cousin, man
2. (a)
(b )
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
c
Eng/ish Back To Basics
-
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Nouns
Nouns are naming words. They name people, places, things and ideas.
Proper nouns name specific people and things and use a capital letter; e.g. Canada, Yoko.
Common nouns are general names of a kind of person or thing; e.g. country, boy, pencil.
Monday
box
dog
under
bottle
car
Africa
sad
Mr Scott
actor
Hill Street
busy
silly
Pacific Ocean
really
party
always
Oprah
India
man
wrong
1.
Swan River
driver
COUSin
Circle all the nouns. Sort the words into proper and common nouns.
Proper nouns
Common nouns
::0
<t
Z
--'
Q.
:::>
a..
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2.
(a) On New Year's Eve, we will take the train to watch the fireworks.
(b) The bowl had apples, bananas and mangoes.
3.
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English
Back To Basics
Verbs
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A .,8rb is II word or group of words that names an action or stale 01 being. Verbs are
often called 'doing words'; e.g. read, walks, speak, has broken, ate, will type.
Verbs clln indicate tense, voice, mood, number and person.
Answers
1. learn, try, arrive, drive, read, ask, crawl, shop, went, wish, type, draw, hear,
found, talk, grow.
Note: Some of these words are not only used as verbs; for example, shop and
wish can be used as nouns.
2. (a) moved, sal
(bl lasted, cui
(c) blew, huddled
(d) walked, waited, to park
(e) play, shines
(II cleaned, dropped
(g) invited, to watch, eal, stay
(c) sleeps
(f) fixes
(i) smile
(I) go
(b) operate
(e) experiment
(h) run
(c) cook
(f) loan
(i) dance
c
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Verbs
A verb is a 'doing word', It describes what a person or thing is doing or being.
learn
boat
draw
try
.
plano
hear
cold
crawl
found
book
baby
talk
beautiful
shop
road
arrive
went
grow
drive
wish
chair
read
today
school
ask
type
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lal Elsa moved her chair so she sat closer to the screen.
Ibl I tasted the watermelon after Mum cut it for me.
(e) The wind blew so hard that the birds huddled.
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Idl We walked to the station and waited for Dad to park the car.
lei I play outside when the sun shines brightly.
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3.
4.
lal leaves
Ibl melts
lei wakes
Idl catch
lei begin
Ifl breaks
Igi gives
Ihl sit
I iI frown
Iii laugh
Ikl lose
III come
5.
(a) artists
Ibl surgeons
lei chefs
Idl TV presenters
lei scientists
If I librarians
Igi carpenters
Ihl athletes
I iI dancers
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English
Back To Basics
Verb tenses
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
The tense 01 11 verb is used to show the time at which the action of that verb takes place.
Most verbs are regular and follow the same pattern for the past, present and future lense.
For example, with the verb to jump; I jump/l am jumping (presenllense); I jumped!1 was
jumping (past tense I. I will jump (future tense).
'rrsgular verbs II ra those that do not follow this patte rn, partie ul II rlv in the past tense.
For example, I rise (rose), r teach (taught!. I mean Imeant), 1 win (wonl, 1 do (did), r begin
(began).
An Buxiliery verb helps to form the tense of II verb. The verbs to be, to have and to do are
auxiliary verbs; e.g. I have eaten. The lIuxitiaryverb used in the future tense is will; e.g. I
will eal
Answers
1.
),)
Present
Past
Future
plays
played
will play
)b)
walks
walked
will walk
)0)
cleans
cleaned
will clean
)d)
paints
painted
will paint
),)
works
worked
will work
3. (a) built
(e) wrote
(i) taught
(b) saw
(I) went
2.
),)
)b)
I )
Id )
I,)
(c) grew
(g) drove
Present
Past
Future
moving
moved
will move
inviting
invited
will invite
tries
tried
will try
slicing
sliced
will slice
Irying
Iried
wililry
(d) thought
(h) rose
6. (a) He has found the lost keys. He is finding the lost keys.
(b) She is swimming laps in the pool. She swam/swims laps in the pool.
(c) He studied/studies hard lor the test. He always studies/studied hard.
c
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Verb tenses
Verbs can be written to show what is happening in the present (now), past or future;
for example: The baby crawls. (present) The baby crawled. (past) The baby will crawl. (future)
1.
2.
Present
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4.
Present
la )
Ib )
Ie )
Id )
Ie )
will walk
cleaned
will paint
Id )
Ie )
Future
plays
la )
Ib )
Ie )
3.
Past
works
Past
Future
moved
will invite
tries
sliced
will fry
la) build
Ib) see
Ie) grow
Id) think
fe) write
If) go
Ig) drive
Ih) rise
Ii) teac h
Rewrite these sentences. Underline the verbs first, then change them to the past tense.
e.g.
e.g.
Write the verb in brackets in the correct tense to finish each sentence.
He has
She is
______
_____
59
.a.r."............ .
English
Back To Basics
Pronouns
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A pronoun is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
Personal pronouns refer to people. They can be singular or plural, subjective or objective and may
indicate gender. Examples are: I, you, he, she, we, Ihey, me, him, her, his, them, mine, hers, theirs,
ours.
Impersonal pronouns refer to everything but people. They can be singular or plural, subjective,
objective or possessive. Examples are: ii, Ihey, them, theirs.
Relative pronouns refer to people and objects and connect clauses and sentences. They are used
in the three cases:
subjective -who, Ihat, which
possessive -whose, of that, of which, 01 whose
objective - whom, Ihat, which.
Other examples of relative pronouns lire whoever, whomever, whichever and whatever.
Demonstrative pronouns replace nouns and function in the same way liS nouns in a sentence. They
hllve no gender but are used in the three cases:
subjective - this, that, these, those
possessive - of this, of that, of these, of those
objective -this, that, these, those.
Other examples of demonstrative pronouns are: other, such, same, fonner, latter and ordinlll
numbers (first, second etc.)
Intrlffogative pronouns are used in IIsking questions. They include who, whose, whoever (used for
people) a nd what, which lind whatever (used for things).
Reflexive pronouns are used in sentences thllt contain verbs whose IIctions lire directed toward
the subjects of the verbs. Add the suffixes -self or -selves to the personal pronouns my, your, him,
her, our, them and one.
Indefinite pronouns are words thllt refer to people or things without sllying eXllctly who or what
they are. Exllmples include all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each one, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, few, little, many, more, much, neither, nobody, none, no-one,
nothing, other, others, several. some, somebody, someone, something lind such.
Answers
1. (II) he
(d) she, him
(b) she
(e) I, her, she, us
I,I (t
2. (II) I - we
(d) me - us
(g) yours - yours
3. (II) 1 11m going to visit Nannll today. She is going to show me howto plant vegetllbles.
(b) Alice said they were all pillying outside. She doesn't wllnt to join them.
(c) Mrs Lee told Adllm to finish his work. She said thllt he should try to work faster.
(d) I hllve lost my phone. Do you know where it is?
(e) It WIIS a cold day. Belle and I stllyed inside. We lay on the floor and relld books.
c
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Pronouns
A pronoun is a word thattakes the place of a noun.
For example: Lily is smart. She reads a lot.
lily is the noun and she is the pronoun.
A pronoun is used so the noun doesn't have to be repeated.
1.
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them
2.
3.
we
they
us
you
theirs
ours
I a) I
Ib)
you
Id) me
Ie)
him, her, it
Ig) yours
Ih)
(a)
(b)
Alice said
Ie)
Id)
Ie)
4.
yours
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work.
is going to show
____
said that
know where
how to
stayed inside.
should try
is?
lay on the
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English
Back To Basics
Adjectives
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
An adjective is a word that describes or gives more information about II noun or pronoun;
e.g. pretty. thin, tall, delicious. It qualifies the word it describes by making it more
specific; e.g. the red dress-the adjective red specifies the colour of the noun dress.
Adjectives can tell a bout the colour, size, number, classilic alian or quality of a noun or
pronoun. They can come before or after the noun and usually after the pronoun; e.g. the
beautiful bird, The bird is beautiful. It is beautiful.
There are three forms of adjectives: absolute (e.g. small). comparative (e.g. smaller),
superlative (e.g. smallest).
Answers
1. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
4. boring, hot, long, biggest, old, colourful, delicious, clear, slow, large, greedy
c
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Adjectives
Adjectives are describing words that tell more about a noun or pronoun. You can identify an
adjective by looking at the noun and asking, 'What is it like?'
The tall tree has glossy leaves and beautiful flowers.
In this sentence, the nouns are underlined and the adjectives are bold.
1.
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4.
lal
bed
Ibl
house
lei
book
(dl
chocolate
lei
dolphin
Ifl
TV show
Igi
clown
Ihl
holiday
It was a boring day because we had to go in the hot car on a long drive. We took some
visitors to see our biggest town. They liked the old building and the colourful paintings.
The thing I liked best was the delicious lunch we ate near the clear water. After lunch we
took a stroll around the large park and fed the greedy ducks.
63
English
Back To Basics
Adverbs
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
An adverb can modify or add information about verbs (e.g. work quickly), adjectives
(e.g. extremely prettyf and other adverbs (o.g. walking very quickly). They indicate
when (soon), where (here), how (silently) and how ohen (frequentlyl. Many adverbs
end in tv; e.g. carefu lly finally, nightly, exactly.
.
location - above, below, away, down, up, inside, outside, here, there
Answers
1. (e) strangely
(b) brightly
(e) finally
(h) carefully
(d) softly
(g) quietly
(c) largely
(f) angrily
(i) slowly
(b) slowly
(I) suddenly
(j) yesterday.
(c) early
(g) almost
(d) here
(h) never
c
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Adverbs
An adverb gives more exact information usually about a verb and sometimes about an
adjective or another adverb. Many adverbs end in IV and most answer the questions
when? (time), how? (manner) or where? (place),
For example: She is walking quickly (how) to arrive here (where) soon (when).
1.
la) strange
Ib) bright
Ie) large
Id) soft
Ie) final
If) angry
Ig ) quiet
Ih) careful
Ii) slow
earlv
below
above
sleepilv
up
quickly
fast
now tomorrow here
there sadlv down never
often
busily
today
soon
happily
thoughtfully
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2.
Sort the words into three groups-adverbs that tell how, where and when.
How
Where
When
3.
Ib) play
(c) drive
Id) speak
Ie) throw
4.
If)
arrive
.
laugh?
swim?
dance?
speak?
65
English
Back To Basics
Conjunctions
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A conjunction is II word (or words) that connects words, phrases, clauses and
sentences; e.g. and, but, because, so, thaI.
Answers
1. (a) but
(e) if
2. (a) because
(e) if
Ib I because
IfI before
Ib I b"1
Ifl before
1,1 "
I, I after
(d) unless
(hi when
1,1
I, I
(d) unless
(hi after
"
"
4. (a) if, or
(b) and, but
(c) or, unless
(d) when, and
c
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Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that join together other words, phrases and sentences.
1.
2.
w
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I after
unless
so
or
because
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3.
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if
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but
_______
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before
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There can be a pair of conjunctions in a sentence. Find and write the two conjunctions in
these.
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English
Back To Basics
Prepositions
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
Prspositions lire words that show the relationship between two words or phrases
in II sentence. They show the relationship between lime lind space and are always
attached to II nOlln or pronoun; for example: lim walked to school. The cal was under
the tree. I sat behind Max.
Prepositions are usually short words such as on, above, in, with, by, near, down, off
and along.
More complex prepositions include instead of, apart from, ahead of, with reference
to and in addition to.
Answers
1. (a) under
(e) up
(b) In
(f) off
(e) near
(g) into
(d) by
(h) down
3. (a) Rose and Mia went for a swim in the pool. They dived into the water.
(b) Josh walked into the living room. His brother was already in the room.
(c) She waited by-the phone. The phone was on the table. The call was for her.
(d) There was a competition between two pupils and another among the whole
group.
(e) The two brothers had a fight between themselves. Most fights were among
the whole family.
4. Answers will vary.
5. Grace and Alice waited forthe bus. They went to see a film. Grace bought the
tickets at the counter while Alice stood near the snack bar. Both girls stood in
line to buy an ice-cream. They walked through the main door and sat attheir
seats. When the lights were dimmed, they watched the film. The lady sitting
behind kept talking during the beginning. Thankfully, the man beside her told her
to stop.
Total - l 0
c
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Prepositions
A preposition is a word that shows how one thing is related to another.
A preposition can show position, direction and time. Prepositions are used with a noun or
pronoun. In the sentence 'The books are on the shelf, the preposition is on. Ittells how the
books are related to the shelf.
1.
2.
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Underline the two nouns and circle the preposition in each sentence.
3.
(a) Rose and Mia went for a swim in/into the pool. They dived in/into the water.
(b) Josh walked in/into the living room. His brother was already in/into the room.
(c) She waited by/for the phone. The phone was by/on the table. The call was for/on her.
(d) There was a competition between/among two pupils and another between/among the
whole group.
(e) The two brothers had a fight between/among themselves. Most fights were between/
among the whole family.
4.
Write sentences using the nouns and prepositions given. You will need to add a verb to
each. For example; The girl (noun) was siNing (verb) on (preposition) the chair.
lal boy, in
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Grace and Alice waited for the bus. They went to see a film. Grace bought the tickets at
the counter while Alice stood near the snack bar. Both girls stood in line to buy an ice
cream. Theywalked through the main door and sat at their seats. When the lights were
dimmed, they watched the film. The lady sitting behind kept talking during the beginning.
Thankfully, the man beside her told her to stop.
69
English
Back To Basics
Sentences
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A srmtencB is II group 01 words that makes sense on its own. It must have II finite
verb ia verb with II subject), II capital letter althe start, and end with II full slop.
question mark or exclamation mark.
A simple sentence has one main idea and usually contains only one verb and one
subjecl lt cannot be broken down into other clauses; e.g. Mark (subject) threw (verb)
the ball is an example of II simple sentence.
Answers
1. The subject is underlined lind the verbs are in italics.
(a) Holly saton the chair.
ie) Dad drove his cllr to work.
(e) Dale scoredtwo goals.
(g) I read a boring book.
iii Pete lind Lee washedthe car.
(b)
(d)
(f)
(h)
(j)
c
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Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense on its own. It needs to begin with a
capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. All sentences
need a subject and a verb. For example: The bird (subject) flew (verb).
1.
(f)
Ii )
A simple sentence usually has only one subject and one verb. It can be a statement,
question or command and adjectives and adverbs can be added. ' Thewoman (subject)
decorated (verb) her house.' is a simple sentence. So is, 'The clever (adjective) woman
decorated her new (adjective) house beautifu/ly (adverb).'
::0
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Q.
2.
Rewrite each simple sentence. Add at least one adjective and one adverb.
3.
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Back To Basics
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A simple sflntrlnce has one main idea and usually contains only one verb and one subject. It clln
not be broken down into other clauses; e,g. Mark lsubject) threw (verb) the ball is an example
of II simple sentence.
A compound sont8nce has two (or more) independent clauses with II conjunction.
For example, Tim and I saw the film but I d idn't enjoy it.
(Clauses can be separated by II comma, semicolon or colon.)
A complex sentence has II main (independent) clause and lit least one subordinate (dependent)
clause; e.g. The doctor worked long hours at a hospital where there were mllny very sick
children.
Answers
1. Answers will vary.
2. (II) The chocolate cake was horrible because we used salt instead of sugar.
(b) MV familv watches films on Saturday after we have eaten dinner.
(c) Max ate two pieces of toast because he was hungry.
(d) I walk to school every day unless I'm late.
(e) We are going to have a barbecue tonight and invite the neighbours.
(I) I'm going to finish this work il l'm not interrupted.
c
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1.
Write a compound sentence by adding another simple sentence to the one given.
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A complex sentence is made up of two parts which both have a verb. One part of a complex
sentence is dependent on the other.
For example: 'Alice did not finish her homework before she went to bed'.
'Alice did not finish her homework' is a simple sentence that makes sense on its own.
' . . . before she went to bed' is dependent on the first part of the sentence.
2.
_______
_______
I'm late.
lal
before I eat.
Ibl
4.
_______
3.
he was hungry.
lei
or he will cry.
Idl
after I finish.
Ie I
if it's soggy.
If I
Write one compound and one complex sentence to describe something you enjoy doing.
73
English
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Grammar
Answers
1. (a) 'I'm almost ready', Belle called.
c
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1.
::0
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2.
3.
4.
When writing a sentence with indirect speech, what someone has said is being reported
in the writer's own words. No quotation marks are used; for example: Ellen told me that she
was going to be late.
5. Rewrite each sentence as indirect speech.
(c) 'Can you please stop that noise?' asked the teacher.
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Word usage
Grammar
Answers
1. Sentences will vary. Examples include:
(II) I received II new cricket bat lor my birthday.
(bl The book I read was really interesting.
(c) My best friend is really wonderful.
(d) The Olympic team travelled to London.
(0) Sarah enjoys playing the guitar.
(II 'I love icecream!' declared Priya.
2. Answers may vary.
(II) Her high-heeled shoes were silver.
(bl Zac lind I watched II brilliant adventure film on Saturday.
(c) I saw II reallylall man who was the taliest person I'd ever seen.
(d) The tiny baby wouldn't stop crying.
(0) The girl had II dress that was beautiful because it had such bright colours.
3. Sentences can be written in two ways.
(II) I didn't do anything to upset her. I did nothing to upset her.
(bl I can't see anybody out there. I can see nobody out there.
(c) I'm not going to read any books. I'm going to read no books.
(d) He wasn't doing anything. He was doing nothing.
(e) She said she wasn't going anywhere. She said she was going nowhere.
c
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Word usage
1.
Some words are overused. Write a more interesting word to replace each underlined word.
2.
Some words that aren't really needed are often used in sentences. This can be confusing
and annoying! Decide which words are unnecessary and cross them out.
::0
<t
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Q.
:::>
Q.
(bl Zac and I watched a fantastic, awesome, brilliant adventure film on Saturday.
(e) I saw a really, really tall man who was the very tallest person I'd ever seen ever.
(d) The tiny, small baby was very little and wouldn't stop crying.
(e) The beautiful girl had a beautiful dress that was beautiful because it had such bright
colours.
3.
Circle the negative words in each sentence. Write a new word(s) to replace one of the
negatives.
4.
English
Back To Basics
Review
Grammar
Answers
1. (8) proper noun
(e) verb
(f) adverb
2. (II) simple
(bl simple
(e) complex
(hi compound
(e) complex
(f) simple
(d) pronoun
(g) conjunction
(d) compound
(g) compound
c
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Review
1.
pronoun
adverb
conjunction
proper noun
adjective
preposition
common noun
verb
(a) A word that names specific people and things, like Italy.
(bl A word that names general people or things, like dogs.
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(a) statement.
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(b) question.
(c) command.
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Write two more interesting words that could be used to replace each of these.
lal got
Ibl good
(c) nice
Idl like
(e) went
IfI
Igi happy
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said
Ihl big
English
Back To Basics
Editing
Grammar
Answers
1. (8) Rileywalks to school and catches the bus home.
II
goal.
2. (8) Alice was going to the beach so she took her towel.
(b) Corey played guitar and we liked listening to him.
(c) I sent II texl message to Emma and she replied.
(d) I don't know if thai ball is mine or yours.
3. (a) Dale can run much faster than I can.
(b) Tessa is the shortest person in our class.
(c) I always choose the bananas that are the ripest.
(d) A leather is much lighter than lin exercise book.
4. (a) Mum told me she was going to be late home from work.
(b) I asked my sister, 'What do you think we should do for Dad's birthday?'
(c) I was surprised when Jake told me he had finished his work.
(d) 'I'm not sure about this answer', Trent said. I told him itwas right.
c
Eng/ish
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Pr1m-Ed Publlshlnge
www.pr1m-ed.COO1
Editing
1.
2.
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lal Mum told me 'she was going to be late home from work'.
Ibl I asked my sister, What do you think we should do for Dad's birthday?
Icl I was surprised when Jake told me 'he had finished his work'.
Idl I'm not sure aboutthis answer, Trent said. I told him 'it was right:
5. Each of these sentences have errors. Rewrite them correctly.
(c) They were about to leave when Dad asked, When will you be home?
(d) Amber thinks Lily and me don't want to play with him.
61
English
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