Late Seleucid Mints in Ake-Ptolemais and Damascus / by Edward T. Newell

NUMISMATIC
AND
NOTES
MONOGRAPHS
84
No.
LATE
SELEUCID
MINTS
IN
AND
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
DAMASCUS
BY
T.
EDWARD
The
American
Broadway
NEWELL
Numismatic
at
New
156th
Society
Street
York
1939
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NUMISMATIC
NOTES
AND
MONOGRAPHS
Number
84
NumismaticNotes and Monographs

is devotedto essaysand treatiseson subjects relatingto coins, paper money,
medals and decorationsand is uniform
with Hispanic Notes and Monographs
publishedby the Hispanic Society of
America,and with Indian Notes and
issuedby theMuseumofthe
Monographs
Indian- HeyeFoundation.
American
Publication Committee
AgnesBaldwinBrett,Chairman
StephenH. P. Pell
ThomasO. Mabbott
Editorial Staff
SydneyPhilipNoe,Editor
SawyerMcA.Mosser,Associate
Editor
COPYRIGHT
1939BY
THEAMERICAN
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY
PRINTING
THE
INTELLIGENCER
CO.
PA.
LANCASTER,
LATE
SELEUCID
MINTS
IN
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
AND
DAMASCUS
BY
EDWARD T. NEWELL
The American
Numismatic
Society
ATI56THSTREET
BROADWAY
NEWYORK
I939
LATE
SELEUCID
MINTS
IN
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
AND
DAMASCUS
By EdwardT. Newell
As provinceafterprovincefell,or was forcibly
taken away fromthe decliningSeleucidempire,
certainminormintsgrewin importance
as useful
subsidiaries
to the greatcentralestablishment
at
Antioch. Theiractivityeven increasedwhenthe
shrunken
coreoftheoncemighty
commenced
empire
to break into parts duringthe fratricidal
wars
betweenthelastoftheSeleucidscions. The issues
of Antiochhave alreadybeen segregated
by the
presentwriter.1Those of Tarsus,Sidonand Tyre
are so clearlymarkedby local types,or by theuse
of obviousmonograms,
that theyhave long been
identified
The
scholars.
silvercoinagesofother
by
lessermintsare not alwaysdifferentiated
(either
fromeachotheror fromthatofAntioch)as clearly
as one mightwish. The presentpaper proposes,
to studytheissuesoftwoof thesemints
therefore,
activeduringthe last half-century
of
particularly
Seleuciddomination.
The writersmostgrateful
thanksare herebyextendedto E. S. G. Robinson,Esq., of the British
Museum,to M. JeanBabelonof the Bibliothque
Nationale, to Miss Roberts of the Hunterian
Museum,to S. W. Grose,Esq., of the Fitzwilliam
1Newell,
TheSeleucid
Mint
1918.
, NewYork,
ofAntioch
1
LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN
Museum,to Sir CharlesOmanand M. H. de Nancasts of certain

teuil,forso generously
forwarding
rarevarietiesdescribedin the following
pages.
I
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
as a
is first
knownto numismatists
Ake-Ptolemais
Seleucidmint2by the issue of local bronzecoins
bearingthe portraitof AntiochusIV.3 Underthe
Egyptianinfluenceexercisedover Palestineand
on
Phoeniciaby the able PtolemyVI Philometor
Alexander
behalfofhisprotg
Bala, Ake-Ptolemais
as wellas othercoastalcitiessuchas Sidon,Tyre,
a seriesof"Ptolemaic"tetradrachms
issued4
Berytus
2Thegoldcoins
ofSeleucus
I assigned
toAke-Ptolemais
by
internationale
Journal
Rou
vier,
, Vol.
d'archologie
numismatique
andbyBabelon,
RoisdeSyrie
IV,1901,
etc.t
p.200,Nos.929-934
been
havelong
ascertainly
recognized
belonging
pp.xiandxxxvi,
n.3;
elsewhere.
Mus.Cat.,Phoenicia
Cf.Hill,Brit.
, p.lxxviii,
Rediviva
,p.18,n.7.
Newell,
Tyrus
8Babelon,
loc.cit.t
loc
.
J.Rouvier,
pp.ciiiand79,Nos.619-23;
No.941is ofthe
cit.,p. 201,Nos.935-40.Thetetradrachm
mint.Thebronze
coinofthismint,
Antioch
byBabelon,
given
loc.
III,hasbeenshown
byRouvier,
p.59,No.456,toAntiochus
ofClaudius
I. Cf.alsoB.M.C.,
cit
No.991,
tobeanissue
.,p.213,
Phoenicia,
p.lxxix.
4Rouvier,
loc.cit.,
p. 203,No.949(hisNos.947-8areofthe
No.949isa modern
butmade
Antioch
cast,
Unfortunately
mint).
coinnowlost.There
from
a genuine
existtwo
do,however,
Phoenician
tetradrachms
struck
atAkeofthese
genuine
examples
Bala. One,dated
Ptolemais
BSP,wassecured
byAlexander
by
ofhiswork,
andisnow
intheauthor's
after
thepublication
Rouvier
in
datedTEP,was Col.
collection
(Cf.PlateI, A);thesecond,
inFebruary
soldbyCiani
delaFue's
No.
Aliotte
collection,
1925,
in
collection.
837,PI.15,andisalso theauthor's
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS
of Phoenician
weightand withthePtolemaiceagle
on the reverse. Ptolemy,himself,
struckat Akea similartetradrachm
Ptolemais
butbearinghisown
portraiton the obverse.5These issues of Akefromthe
Ptolemaisare all clearlydifferentiated
similarcoinagesof hersistercitiesin Phoeniciaby
in the fieldbehindthe
displayinga barley-stalk
IITO, or by the
eagle,accompaniedby theletters,
TT-It is also to be notedthat,unlike
monogram,
the otherissues,the eagleat our mintis depicted
standingupon a thunderbolt.6Under Tryphon,
therewas a rareissueof similarpieces,7followed,
ofsilvercoinage
cessation
apparently,
bya complete
thereignofAntiochus
VII.
throughout
authorities
At thistime,however,
themunicipal
of Ake-Ptolemais
probablyissued the two small
withautonomoustypes(I:
copperdenominations
JugateheadsoftheDioscurion theobverse,double
on the reverse;II: Laureatehead of
cornucopiae
Apolloon the obverse,a lyreon the reverse)and
thelegendANTIOXEQNTON EN IITOAEMAIAI.8
These coins display only monogramsor single
6J.N.Svoronos,
Vol.
T No/xUr/z
azazoxpxou
xG>v
FTcoXenafov,
Pl.XLVIII,19-20.
II, p.244,No.1486,
at lyre
"AtBerytu8,
tneeaglestands
upona palm-branch,
atall.
a ship's
atSidon
ram,
nothing
upon
upon
7Babelon,
Pl.XXI,4; Rouvier,
loc.cit.,
No.
No.1056,
loc.cit.,
waspublished
intheHague,
953.Another
byImhoofexample,
Pl. IX, 9.
, Vol.III, 1876,
Blumer,
Zeitschrift
frNumismatik
marked
themonofind
These
coins
weagain
stalk,
bythebarley
Cf.Plate
andthethunderbolt.
I,B.
gram
iff,
Brit.
loc.cit..
Nos.1-7;Rouvier,
Mus.Cat..Phoenicia,
p.128,
the
buthemistook
Nos.962,972.HisNo.971alsobelongs
here,
IE as a date(BS).
letters
magistral
and are also of considerably

lettersas mint-marks,
betterstylethanthelatercopperwiththeinscription,ANTIOXEQNTQN EN IITOAEMAIAIIEPAS
from
ASTAOY whicharemarked
withdatesrunning
znp to Eqp.9
It was notuntilthesecondreignofDemetrius
II,
its coinageof royal
that our mintrecommenced
Seleucidsilverpieces.
DEMETRIUS II
129-126B. C.
SecondReignin Ake-Ptolemais,
Year 128-127B. C.
1. AtticTetradrachm
II to r.
headofDemetrius
bearded
Obv
. Diademed,
Filletborder.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 AHMHTPIOY in twolineson
ther., OEOY NIKATOPOS in two lineson the 1.
, holds
Zeus,nakedto waist,seatedto 1. on diphros
inoutstretched
wreath
Nikewithdiademed
r.,rests1.
ry|. In theexergue,
uponsceptre.Beneaththrone,
ElIPand if.
gr.16.68,
a) Vienna,
gr.16.45,PLATE I; ) Newell,
PLATE I; 7) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1342,gr.
16.46,PI. 51; )Paris,No. 1206,gr. 16.20;e) Naville
SaleX,June1925,No. 1343,gr.16.47,PI. 51;F)London,
Hunter
No. 14,gr.16.19;f) Glasgow,
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p.
86,No. 1,gr.16.42.
die.
thesameobverse
a , , and7 arefrom
2. PhoenicianTetradrachm
tothepreceding,
Obv. Similar
exceptthatthereisa
border.
ofa fillet
dottedinstead
Seebelow
Nos.12,15,18,23,25,27.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 AHMHTPIOYaroundan eagle

to1.upona thunderbolt.
In 1.field,
1Tabove
standing
EIIP. Between
1^1. In r. field,
eagle'slegs,IYI.
a) Paris,No. 1194,gr. 13.90,PL xxii,12;) Paris,
No. 1195,gr. 13.70;7) Paris,No. 1196,gr. 13.50;
8) NavilleSaleX,June1925,No. 1330,gr.13.58,PL 50;
loc.cit.,No. 954,gr.13.53,
Rouvier,
e) Newell,
formerly
PLATE II; f) London;1*)Bunbury
Coll.,Numismatic
Chronicle
, 3rdSer.,Vol. Ill, 1883,p. 102,gr. 13.87,
PL vi,7.
3. PhoenicianDidrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
and withthesame
Rev. Similarto thepreceding,
dateandmonograms.
a) Paris,No. 1197,gr. 6.55; ) Newell,formerly
loc.cit.,No. 955,gr.6.61 (theweight
Rouvier,
given
is an error),
PLATE II.
byRouvier
Year 127-126B. C.
4. AtticTetradrachm
to No. 1.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Sametypesand inscription
as No. 1, except
thatthe Nikein Zeus' handfacesto ther. In the
H Mexergue,
a) NavilleSaleXII, Oct.1926,No. 1978,PL 57 ( =
Walcherde Molthein
Coll.,No. 2993,PL xxvii),gr.
16.09;) BementColl.,NavilleSale VII, June1924,
No. 1700,gr.16.33,Pl. 59 (= HeadlamColl.,Sotheby
Sale,May 1916,No. 446,PL x); 7) HessSale,Lucerne,
Dec. 1933,No. Ill, gr.16.38,PL 4 (= NavilleSaleX,
June1925,No. 1353,PL 52); ) Newell,gr. 16.32,
PLATE II, 5; c) LuneauColl.,PiattSale,March1922,
No. 747,PL xvi;f) CahnSale 61,Dec. 1928,No. 168,
PLvi;t) Glasgow,
Hunter
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p.86,
gr.14.30,
23.
No.3,gr.16.81,PL lxviii,
Obv
. Similar
to No. 2.
and typesas No. 2. In 1.
Same inscription
OTP.
field,H aboveItf. In r. field,
Newell,
gr.12.86,PLATE II, 6.
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
Paris,No. 1198,gr.6.70. Owingto thesmallsizeof
thedatecouldalsobereadas SIIP. PLATE
theletters,
11,4.
DemetriusII, escapingfromhis long Parthian
in 129B. C. and recovered
what
returned
captivity,
was leftof the Seleucidempire. Tyre,the most
activeSeleucidmintsouthof Antioch,commenced
in hisnamein theSeleucidyear
coiningprolifically
183,whichis 130-129B. C.10 The sameis trueof
Antioch,11
thoughat that minthis issuesare not
and thedeathof
dated. As theescapeofDemetrius
Antiochus
VII in Media tookplace withina short
timeofeachotherin thespringof 129B. C.,12these
to appearshortly
issuesprobablyfirstcommenced
afterward.
Demetriushad managedto
Verysoon,however,
make himselfthoroughly
unpopularat Antioch,
withthe upshotthat PtolemyVIII EuergetesII
ofhis
wasable to installthere(128B. C.) a creature
TheSecond
Seleucid
andThird
Coinage
Edgar
Rogers,
ofTyre,
andMonographs
Notes
inNumismatic
, No.34,pp.8,26.
u Newell,
Mint
82-4.
TheSeleucid ofAntioch,
pp.
Bevan,
Vol.II,pp.244-247.
TheHouse
ofSeleucus,
nicknamed
Zebina. Demetrius
own,oneAlexander,
II nowruledonlyoverPhoenicia,Coele-Syria
and
Palestine. And havingthuslost the greatcentral
mintof Antioch,Demetriusapparently
proceeded
to replaceit bycausingthecoastalmintsstillin his
to issueAtticas wellas theirmoreusual
possession
Phoeniciantetradrachms.Thus, it happensthat
coinedat
we nowsuddenlyfindAttictetradrachms
all bearingthe
and Ake-Ptolemais,
Sidon,13
Tyre,14
Seleuciddate 185= 128-127B. C. The typesof
are not Phoenicianbut
theseAttictetradrachms
of
i. e., withthebeardedportrait
royalAntiochene,
Demetriussurrounded
by filletborderon the obverse,seatedZeuson thereverse.
As at Tyreand Sidon,so also at Ake-Ptolemais
thisAtticcoinage(Nos. 1 and 4) is accompanied
by
a renewedcoinageon the Phoenicianstandard,
and
twodenominations,
thetetradrachm
comprising
is
to
It
didrachm
interesting note,
(Nos. 2, 3, 5, 6).
though,that at our mintboththe Atticand the
Phoeniciancoinagesdisplaya contemporary
portraitof DemetriusII, wearinghis long Parthian
theissuesof thetwoseparate
beard. In contrast,
at bothSidonand Tyrearedifferentiated
standards
andreverse
notonlybytheirweights
types,butalso
Atticand ofa
a
head
on
the
of
the
use
bearded
by
beardlessbuston thePhoenician
nowanachronistic
coins.
of
Duringthefirstyear(EIIP) of there-opening
all coins are
the royal mint at Ake-Ptolemais,
iCf.Paris
Nos.1203-5.
" Edgar
loc.cit.,
p.32,No.131.
Rogers,
markedwiththecity'smonogram
tl,justas in the
days ofAlexanderI Bala and Tryphon. Like the
earliercoins,the Phoenician
piecesagaindepictthe
ona thunderbolt,
butthebarley-stalk
eaglestanding
is missing.On theAttictetradrachm
(No. l), we
find but one magistrateindicated,IYI; on the
Phoenician
denominations
two,KHand IYI.
It is curiousto notethatthemonogram
IYIalso
in
this
same
on
the
coins
very
appears
year(EUP)
ofbothSidonand Tyre. At Sidonit occursin this
oneyearonly.15
AtTyreit hadappearedforthefirst
timeon the initialPhoeniciantetradrachm
struck
seven
byAlexanderI Bala in BSP.16 It reappeared
later
in
a
0SP
Phoenician
of
on
tetradrachm
years
DemetriusITs firstreign.17From AHP (second
it recursfrequently
II) onwards,
reignofDemetrius
at Tyre. It is possiblethat thisman,one of the
mostactivemintofficials
at Tyre,wasemployed
not
onlyto initiatethespecialcoinageof TyrianAttic
in EIIP, but also to re-openthemint
tetradrachms
at Sidonwhichhad been quiescent,so faras the
sincetheyear
issuingofsilvermoneywasconcerned,
HOP in thereignof Antiochus
VII.18 Aftersupervisingthe initialre-coinagehere, IYI apparently
19 and transferred
the
delegatedhis powerto J
16OntheAttic
Paris
No.1205
andona specimen
tetradrachm,
intheauthor's
onthePhoenician
Numiscollection;
tetradrachm,
matic
Chronicle
3rdSer.,
Vol.Ill,1883,
PI.VI,8,andona specimen
intheauthor's
collection.
16Edgar
loc.cit.,
Rogers,
pp.7and15,No.1.
17
Ibid.,
pp.7and18,No.32.
18
Atetradrachm
intheauthor's
from
Rouvier.
collection,
19Whosigned
theremaining
Sidonian
coins
ofyearEIIP. Cf.
Nos.
1203-4.
Paris,
sceneofhisactivities
to Ake-Ptolemais
wherecoins
of both EIIP and FLPbear his signature. At
Tyre, coins signedby IYI continuedto appear
regularlythroughoutthe years EIIP, HP and
ZnP, at whichtimeTyrereceivedherindependence
an autonomous
and at onceinaugurated
coinageof
herown.20But IYIcontinued
to signthenewTyrian
"shekels"regularlyfor anothertwelveyears or
more.21
This suggestedidentityof personbetweenthe
variousIYI's signingthe coinsof Sidon,Tyre and
in the year EIIP is suppositional.
Ake-Ptolemais
It is predicated,
however,
uponthecloseproximity
as wellas upon
to each otherof thethreemints,22
nature
of
this
theobviously
special
coinageofAttic
Theirissuelastedbut one yearat
tetradrachms.
bothSidonand Tyre,two at Ake-Ptolemais.As
thecoinageof any silvermoneyat all had beenin
abeyanceforsomesevenyearsat Sidonand eleven
it maywellhavebeenconyearsat Ake-Ptolemais,
sideredadvisableto send a practisedfunctionary
froman activemintlikeTyreto supervisetherenewed productionof silver moneyat her two
cities.
neighboring
No. 4, mayhave
The undatedAttictetradrachm,
20British
Museum
Phoenicia,
Catalogue,
p. cxxxiv.
21Rouvier,
Vol.VI,1903,
a arch,
tnt.
Jour.
num.,
pp.296-300,
twelve
until
hispresence
records
year
(No.1983).OntheBritish
nine(No.65). A
until
heappears
Museum
year
coins,
regularly
intheyears
occurs
19(No.90)and24
similar
again
monogram
toanother
may
belong
person.
(No.105)butthese
21Sidon
miles
ia
buttwelve
from
isdistant
byroad;Tyre
Tyre
miles
Ake-Ptolemais
some
from
distant
byroad.
eighteen
10
beencoinedtowardsthecloseofEIIP, as wellas in
IIP. Its two monograms
appear on the accomcoinsofbothyears.
panyingPhoenician
CLEOPATRA
Solereignat Ake-Ptol
emais,126-125B. C.
Year 126-125B. C.
7. AtticTetradrachm
tor.,wearing
Obv. VeiledbustofCleopatra
diadem,
and veil. Filletborder.
Stephane
Rev. BA2IAI22HS KAEOIIATPASin twolines
on ther.,0EAS EYETHPIA2 in twolineson the1.
and boundwitha
filledwithfruits
Two cornucopiae
royaldiadem.Onr., . On 1.,ZIP4
No. 1,gr.16.65,PLATE II.
London,
AfterAlexanderII Zebina had with Egyptian
II
helpsecuredhis positionat Antioch,Demetrius
apparentlyremovedhis courtto Ake-Ptolemais.
At least,it is therethatwe find23
QueenCleopatra
wasmeeting
at thetimethatherhusbandDemetrius
nearDamascus. Demetrius
thearmyoftheusurper
was routedand fled to Ake-Ptolemais,
only to
discoverthat the strong-willed
Cleopatrahad decidedto takemattersintoherownhandsand had
shutthegatesagainsthim. He fledto Tyre,where
of thecity,probably
he was slainby thegovernor
by orderofCleopatraherself.She also wouldhave
noneofheroldestsonby Demetrius,
Seleucus,and
23Appian,
XIII,268.
68;Josephus,
Antiquities
Syr.
11
had himassassinated
to assume
whenhe attempted
thediademon hisowninitiative.24
In theyear 126-125B. C., then,Cleopatrawas
and issuedthe prerulingalone in Ake-Ptolemais
ceding tetradrachmdated ZIIP. It bears the
monogram2 on whosestrength
previousscholars
orScythopolis.26
haveassigned
thecointoSycamina25
Babelon27rightlyquestionsthe attributionto
no suggestion
of hisown. On
Sycaminabut offers
numismatic
and byanalogywithNos. 4-6,
grounds,
themonogram
can onlybe thatofsomemagistrate.
In general,on Seleucidcoins of the period,city
rleand are seldom
monograms
playa subordinate
to themonogram
ofthe
foundexceptas accessories
In otherwords,the coins
officiating
magistrate.28
and onlyocmonograms
alwaysbear magistrates*
2Appian,
lx.
1,9;Livy,
Syr.69;Justin,
XXXIX,
Epit.,
25Percy
inBritish
TheSeleucid
Museum
Gardner,
Catalogue,
desSleucides
Monnaies
dates
,
Kings
p.xxx;deSaulcy,
ofSyria,
p.61.
26Edgar
Vol.
Numismatic
Chronicle
Rogers,
,4thSer., XIX,1919,
weakened
aresomewhat
bythe
arguments
pp.22-29.Dr.Rogers'
he
includes
his
factthat
supposedly
bearing
(p.23)among coins
No.1359)
which
doesnotpossess
themonogram
2 ,one(Babelon,
wasactually
coined
atDamascus,
as
Thepiece
thismonogram.
intheBritish
thecoin
seebelow,
weshall
p.60,No.87. Further,
Museum
Kings
ofSyria,
(TheSeleucid
p.86,No.6,Pl.XXIII,3)
andhisown
helists,
a dateasheclaims;
which
doesnotbear
coin,
PI.Ill,3,isdated
BP,not^P.
2T
RoisdeSyrie
etc.,
p.cliii.
mAnexception
whose
seemto beTyre,
would
monogram
?
since
Bala
itscoins
thedaysofAlexander
hadinvariably
marked
it
II andIII). Buthere
itsissues
under
Ptolemy
(nottomention
clubwhich,
since
the
themore
united
with
isalways
conspicuous
ofthe
isparexcellence
thesymbol
time
ofDemetrius
Poliorcetes,
itnever
stands
alone
butis
mint.Under
theSeleudds,
Tyrian
magistral
monograms.
always
accompanied
byoneormore
12
casionallycitymonograms.Whenbut one monogramappearson a coin,we can be certainthat it

a magistrate,
nota city.
represents
froma purelyhistorical
and
Lookingat thematter
economicstandpoint,
thisephemeral
which
coinage
appearedduringthe shortperiodthat Cleopatra
ruledalone,could have been struckonlyat Akeand thecityin which
herroyalresidence
Ptolemais,
she and hercourtactuallyfoundthemselves
when
she repudiatedherworthless
husband,and herself
assumedthe reinsof government.Its styleand
both of excellentquality for the
workmanship,
period,are identicalwiththoseof theimmediately
issue (Nos. 1-6) of DemetriusII. On
preceding
thesepiecesthemonogram,
T?,definitely
proclaims
theirplaceofissueto havebeenAke-Ptolemais.
Becauseofits closesimilarity
ofstyleand fabric,No.
7 mustalso havebeencoinedthere. It is unreasonable to supposethat,in the crisis,a coin so well
executedwould be producedfor Cleopatra at
- neither
Sycaminaor at Scythopolis
ofwhichplaces
had everpossessed
a royalSeleucidmintofanysort.
Thereseemsno possiblereasonwhyNo. 7 should
nothave beenproducedin thenowactivemintof
thecitywhichwasCleopatra'scapital,herresidence,
and theseat ofherpower.
The reversetypeof thedoublecornucopiae
may
have been adopted in allusion to Cleopatra's
Egyptianorigin,forthe typeis the usual one for
thegoldcoinsofthatcountry,
coinsdoubtlesswell
knownin Palestine. Many a gold mnaieiatwith
thecornucopiae
had beencoinedat Sidon,
reverse,
13
itself.The
Tyre,Joppa,Gaza andat Ake-Ptolemais
double cornucopiaewas also the reversetype of
mostof the municipalbronzecoinsstruckat the
lattercity in the precedingthirtyyears. Thus,
Akewe have an added reason for recognizing
as thetruemintofNo. 7.
Ptolemais
CLEOPATRAAND ANTIOCHUS VIII
125-121B. C.
Year 125B. C.
8. AtticTetradrachm
and
Obv, Heads of Cleopatrawithveil,Stephane
withdiadem,jugateto r.
diadem,and of Antiochus
Filletborder.
Rev. BA2IAI22H2 KAEOITATPASEA2 in
threelineson r., KAI BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOT in
enthroned
to 1. In
threelineson1. ZeusNicephorus
outer1. field,2.
a) London,No. 6, gr. 16.65,PI. xxiii,3; ) Naville
Sale I, Apr. 1921,No. 3010,gr. 16.52,PI. lxxxix;
Sale,May 1914,No.397,
Coll.,Feuardent
y) Collignon
Pl. xx; ) RattoSale,May 1912,No. 1095,gr. 15.96,
PI.xxi;e) VogelColl.,HessSale,March1929,No. 406,
gr.16.35,PL 11;f) NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1382,
gr.16.45,PI. 53;f) OttoColl.HessSale207,Dec. 1931,
No. 675(NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1383,PI. 53),
Sale,May
gr.16.47,PL 16;y) O'HaganColl.,Sotheby
1908,No. 686,PL xi,gr.16.26;0) RattoSale,Apr.4,
Coll.,NavilleSale
1927,No. 2518,Pl. lxiii(= Bernent
y GuzVII, June1924,No. 1707,PL 59 = Schlesinger
Sale,July1914,No.118,Pl.vii),gr.16.57;
man,Sotheby
t) Mrs.E. T. Newell,gr. 16.63;k) Newell,gr. 16.42,
PLATE II; X)Fenerly
BeyColl.,EggerSaleXLI, Nov.
SaleXLV,Nov.
1912,No.737,gr.16.15,PLxx;p) Egger
1913,No. 769,gr.15.88,PL xxi( = TobinBushColl.,
Sale,Nov. 1902,No. 250,Pl. ii); v) Bement
Sotheby
14
Coll.,NavilleSale VII, June1924,No. 1706,Pl. 59;

LuneauColl.,PlattSale,Mar.1922,No. 749,Pl.xvi;
WeberColl.,Vol.III, PartII, No. 7926,
o) SirHerman
Museum
gr.15.98,Pl. 290;v) NewYork,Metropolitan
ofArt(J.WardColl.,No.798,PI.xx,gr.16.49;p) Cons.
WeberColl.,Hirsch
SaleXXI, Nov.1908,No. 4118,PI.
liv,gr.16.53.
Obv. Similarto the'preceding,
exceptthat the
ofpellets.
border
is composed
Rev. BA2IAI22H2 KAE0IIATPA2on 1.,BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOY on r. Eaglestanding
to 1. (on
a thunderbolt
ZIIP.
t. In r. field,
?). In 1.field,
Paris,No. 1336,gr.14.00,PI.xxiv,1,PLATE II.
10. BronzeUnit
. Radiatehead of Antiochus
Obv
to r. Circleof
pellets.
Rev. BA2IAI22H2 KAE0IIATPA2 in twolines
on r., KAI BASIAEQS ANTIOXOY in threelines
on 1. Isis head-dress.In upperr. field,
. In the
ZIIP.
exergue,
London,
gr.3.82,PLATE II.
11. BronzeUnit
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding,
thatthemonoexcept
gramis
a) London;) Paris,No. 1337,gr.6.15,PI. xxiv,2;
7) Newell,
gr.4.96,PLATE II.
MunicipalIssue
12. BronzeHalf
Obv. JugatebustsoftheDioscurito r.
Rev. ANTIOXEQNTQN EN IITOAEMAIintwo
15
lineson r., IEPAS A2TA0T on 1. Cornucopiae.In

lowerr. field,
ZIIP.
London(Brit.Mus.Cat.,Phoenicia
, p. 129,No. 10,
PI.xvi,6),gr.2.20,PLATEII.
Year 125-124B. C.
to No. 9.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similar
to No. 9,exceptthatthedateis HIIP.
Paris,No. 1338,gr.13.30,PLATE III.
14. BronzeUnit
Obv
. Similar
to No. 10.
thatthedateisHIIP,
Rev. Similar
toNo. 10,except
is .
Theaccompanying
monogram
Hunterian
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p. 98,No. 10,
a) Glasgow,
gr. 5.54,PLATE III; ) Paris,No. 1339,gr. 5.30;
7) Paris,No. 1340,gr.5.15.
MunicipalIssue
15. BronzeQuarter
of
Obv
. LaureateheadofApolloto r.,withfeatures
VIII. Circleofpellets.
Antiochus
Rev. ANTIOXEQNTQN EN IITOAEMAIintwo
linesonther.,IEPAS ASTAOTonthe 1. Lyre. In
HIIP.
theexergue
Newell,
gr.1.77,PLATE III.
Year 124-123B. C.
16. AtticTetradrachm
is
border
thefillet
to No. 8. Attimes,
. Similar
Obv
replacedbya dottedone.
Rev. Similarto No. 8. Withthesamemonogram
butwithIIP intheexergue.
intheouter1.field,
16
Fillet Border
Chronicle
, 4thSer.,Vol.
a) RogersColl.,Numismatic
XIX, 1919,p. 23,PI.iii,4 ( = NavilleSaleX, June1925,
SaleXXXIV,May
No. 1378,PL53),gr.16.58;) Hirsch
1914,No. 506,PI. xvi (= HirschSale XXXIII, Nov.
1913,No. 913,PI. xxi= ProweColl.,EggerSale,Nov.
1904,No. 1556,PL x), gr. 16.45;7) CarfraeColl.,
Sale,May 1894,No. 317,PL x, 10,gr. 16.59;
Sotheby
Sale 13,Feb. 1935,No. 1469,PL 52;
5) Schlessinger
) Glasgow,HunterColl.,Vol. Ill, p. 96, No. 1, gr.
16.67,PL Ixix,15.
Dotted Border
(=
f) Jameson
Coll.,Vol. I, No. 1742,PL lxxxviii
Ashburnham
Sale,May 1895,No. 217,
Coll.,Sotheby
PL v = H. P. SmithColl.,SothebySale,June1905,
No. 307,PL iii), gr. 16.84;f) NavilleSale X, June
Leake
1925,No. 1379,gr.16.70,PL 53; rj)Cambridge,
Coll.;6) Glendining
Sale, March1931,No. 1162,gr.
Coll.,Hirsch
16.70,PL xxx;1)Newell(= Rhousopoulos
Sale XIII, May 1905,No. 4471,PL lv = NavilleSale
XV,July1930,No. 1083,PL 38),gr.16.70,PLATE III.
17. BronzeUnit
to No. 10.
Obv.Similar
Rev. Similarto No. 10. Monogram, In the
thunderbolt.
whicha winged
0IIP, beneath
exergue,
a) Paris,No. 1341,gr. 3.85; ) Paris,No. 1342,
gr.4.60;y) London,gr.6.05,PLATE III; 6) Newell,
Hunter
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p.98,No. 11,
gr.4.24;c)Glasgow,
gr.6.42,PLATE III.
MunicipalIssue
18. BronzeHalf
Obv
. JugatebustsoftheDioscurito r. Circleof
pellets.
Rev. ANTIOXEQNEN IITOAEMAI intwolines
onr.,IEPA2 A2TA0Y on 1. Cornucopiae.In lower,
hi orW orN (?).
IIP. In upperr. field,
innerfield,
17
a) Paris(LesPersesAchmnides,
p. 218,No. 1503,
withN (?) inplaceofmonogram),
gr.2.55;) Vienna;
7) Newell,gr. 1.91;5) Paris(loc.cit.,p. 218,No. 1502,
PL xxix,1),gr.2.70,PLATE III; c) London,gr.2.21,
PLATE III.
Year 122-121B. C.
Obv. Similar
to No. 16. Filletborder.
Rev. Similar
to No. 16. In outer1. field,2. Beneaththrone, In theexergue,
A*IP.
Paris,No. 1351,gr.16.10,PI. xxiv,5,PLATE III.
Year 121B. C.
Obv. Similar
to No. 9.
to No. 9, exceptthattheinscriptions
Rev, Similar
Theeaglestandsupona thunderbolt.
aretransposed.
B^P.
r. field,
In inner1.field,
. In inner
de Luynes,Vol.
a) Paris,No. 1358(= Collection
IV, No. 3404, PI. cxxv),gr. 13.55,PLATE III;
) London,
p. 85,No. 1,gr.12.93,PI. xxiii,2.
ObvSimilar
to thepreceding.
tothepreceding,
butbeneath is the
Rev. Similar
IT.
monogram
a) Paris,No. 1357,gr.13.85,PI.xxiv,7,PLATE III;
) Newell,
gr.13.06;7) NavilleSaleX, June1925,No.
1386,gr. 13.51,PI. 53; ) RattoSale,June1929,No.
de Molthein
Coll.,No. 3048,
511,PI. xxiv(= Walcher
PI.xxviii,
gr.13.32),gr.13.15.
II
ofthedeathofDemetrius
Withina fewmonths
ofpower,Cleopatrafound
and herownassumption
on thethrone
to associatewithherself
it expedient
18
hersecondson by Demetrius,
Antiochus
VIII surnamed Grypus.29But she, herself,retainedthe
reinsofgovernment,
as evincedby thecoinswhich
bear the portraitsof both motherand son, hers
in the foreground,
whileAntiochus
ostentatiously
takes second place behindhis mother. On the
thatofherson.
reverse,
too,hernameprecedes
The coinageofAttic,as wellas Phoenician
tetraat Ake-Ptolemais;
continues
and all bear
drachms,
the magistrate's
. On one specimen
monogram,
(No. 21,PLATE III), it is evenaccompanied
by IT,
whichassuresus thatall of thesecoinsmusthave
been struckat Ake-Ptolemais.Phoeniciantetradrachmsare knownforthe threeyearsZIIP, HIIP
at
and B^P. The eagle,as had becomecustomary
in its claws.
our mint,stillholdsthe thunderbolt
are knownfor
Attictetradrachms
Corresponding
thetwoyears0IIP and A4P, whichhappento be
years of whichwe possessno Phoeniciantetraor due to
drachms.This maybe merecoincidence
the erraticchancesof archaeological
transmission,
butevenso it doessuggestthatwhenourmintwas
busycoiningmoneyon the Phoenicianstandardit
tendedto neglecttheissueof Atticcoins,and vice
versa
be at faultin tentatively
. We maytherefore
(No. 8) at
placingtheundatedAttictetradrachms
of the joint reign. Possibly
the commencement
thesewereactuallycoinedin theyear4P, ofwhich
we would otherwisepossessno specimensat all,
neitherAtticnor Phoenician.A studyof possible
die-identities
mightsolvethe question,one way or
29Bevan,
loc.cit.
p.250.
19
the other. But a searchof thescantymaterialat

the writer'sdisposalrevealsnot a singleobverse
between
No. 8 ontheonehandandNos.
die-identity
16and 19on theother. A certaindetailobservable
in thereversetypemayoffer
a possibleclueto the
both of
solution. On the Attic tetradrachms,
DemetriusII and of Cleopatraand Antiochus
Zeus.
VIII, thereversetypedepictstheenthroned
IPs first
On Demetrius
issueat Ake-Ptolemais
(No.
in hisnext
seatedupona diphros;
1) heis invariably
with
issue(No. 4) histhroneis invariably
provided
a highback. On thecoinsof Cleopatra,thosefor
have the highthe yearOIIP (No. 16) invariably
backedthroneas on thelastissueofDemetrius
II,
whilethe sole knownexampleof the year
. As the undated
(No. 19) again has the diphros
and thehighcoins(No. 8) displayboththediphros
be placed
more
backedthrone,
theymight
logically
thecoinsofyears0IIP andA^P. The point
between
but the authorhesitatesto lay too
is interesting,
to awaitthe
muchweightuponit and wouldprefer
- if and
moreconclusiveevidenceof die-identity
whenobtainable.
bronzecoinsofroyal
thesilvermoney,
Alongside
Ake-Ptolemais.Of
at
also
issued
were
now
types
dated ZIIP, HIIP and
these,we possessspecimens
0IIP, some of which bear also the magistrate's
. Curiously
enough,thesecoinsdismonogram,
of
the
portrait Antiochuson their
play only
wemayassumethattheIsisheadobverses,30
though
0Thesamephenomenon
coins
onthebronze
struck
at
recurs
The
VIII. Cf.Newell,
andAntiochus
Antioch
byCleopatra
Mint
Seleucid
ofAntioch,
p.91.
20
dressofthereverse
to Cleopatraand
alludesdirectly
herEgyptianorigin.Here,hernamestillprecedes
thatofherson,as on thesilvercoinage.
at thetimethatCleopatraseizedthe
Apparently,
supremepower,she was pleased, for political
an enreasons,to grantthecityof Ake-Ptolemais
largedamountof local freedomand the coveted
titles"holy"and "inviolate."At least,themunicito above,nowconpal coinagewhichwas referred
tinuesin theusualtwodenominations
and withthe
same typesas beforebut, henceforth,
bearingthe
additionaltitles,Yepaand aXou.Fortunately,
this new seriesof municipalissuesis dated. We
have ZnP, HIIP and IIP wellattested,although
we do notyetpossessbothdenominations
foreach
to judge by theirsizes and
year. Apparently,
the
weights,these municipalpieces represented
halvesand quartersof the royalbronzes. If we
may assumethe latterto be chalci
, thenthe two
should representkemimunicipaldenominations
- or, possibly,in the three,we
chalciand dilepta
have beforeus hemichalci
, dileptaand lepta. It is
to be noted that the king's head on the royal
bronzecoins presentsthe same generalcontours,
of locksand styleas do the Dioscuri
arrangement
heads on the accompanying
municipalbronzes
thusattesting
a commonmintforbothcategories.
It is instructive
to comparePLATE II, Nos. 11 and
12,PLATE III, Nos. 14and 15,17sand 18s.
In 123-122B. C.,31withPtolemaicassistance,
the
iBevan,
. cit.,
loc
p.252.
21
usurperAlexanderZebina was finallyovercome,

and thereupon
committed
suicide. Cleopatraand
enteredintopossession
of Antioch,and
Antiochus
possiblyalso removedtheir residencethither.
a largecoinagein theirjointnameswas
Certainly,
at the centralmint.32It mayor
nowcommenced
thatforthisveryyear
may not be a coincidence
(*3P= 123-122B. C.) no dated coins,eitherin
silveror in bronze,are knownforAke-Ptolemais.
The silvercoinageat this mintwas recommenced
the followingyear (A*P) and continueduntil
Cleopatra'sdeathat the handsof herown son in
B4P. The coinageof bronzeseemsnot to have
been resumedat this time. So far as the royal
the prolific
issues(dated 4P
bronzeis concerned,
at Antiochmayhavebeen
andA<3P)nowappearing
forpopularneedsboththereand
deemedsufficient
in Palestine. The apparentabsenceof municipal
issuesforthe years *5P to BSP may be due to
chance,as thedatedissuesofthecityare generally
scarce.
extremely
It is probablethatonlywiththeyearZIIP, was
seriesof silverSeleucidissues
a trulycontinuous
definitely
begunat Ake-Ptolemais.The reasonis
notfarto seek. It was in thatveryyearthatthe
fromSeleusecureditsfreedom33
cityofTyrefinally
cid ruleand coinedSeleucidtypesno longer.This
mintwas aploss to theSeleucidsof an important
at
once
introduction
the
counteracted
by
parently
of a regularcoinageofroyalmoneyat the nearby
Cf.Newell,
loc
. cit,,
pp.90-2.
British
noem
Museum
eta,
p.cxxxiv.
Catalogue,
22
Ake-Ptolemais.It is, further,

to be notedthatin
thesameyear(ZIIP) thegreatmintat Damascus
was also lost34
to thefactionheadedby Cleopatra,
and was notrecovered
untilfouryearslater. Thus,
an additionalreasonfortheopeningup ofa permanent mint-establishment
in the
at Ake-Ptolemais
year ZUP is presented.Not only was this city
Cleopatra'scapital,but fora timeit actuallyconIn
stitutedthe sole mintunderherjurisdiction.35
thesedifficult
to believethat
times,it is impossible
heronlymintwouldbe in theoutlying
and dangernowopento an
ouslysituatedtownofScythopolis,
attackfromDamascusby the recentlyvictorious
troopsof Zebina. We are not even certainthat
Cleopatrawasableto retainherholdon Scythopolis
at thistime. Obviously,
constitutes
Ake-Ptolemais
the only possibleplace wherea mintcouldhave
safelyor logicallyoperatedfor Cleopatrain the
first
fewyearsofherreign.A further
pointmilitates
as a possiagainstconsidering
strongly
Scythopolis
ble mint. UndertheSeleucids,thereis nota single
instancerecordedof an inlandcity issuingcoins
basedon thePhoenician
standard.The use ofthat
standardwas confined
to such coastal
exclusively
mintsas Berytus,
and
Sidon,Tyre,Ake-Ptolemais
Ascalon. On a priorigrounds,
thereexists
therefore,
an excellent
reasonagainstaccepting
as
Scythopolis
**Seebelow,
pp.55-58.
Sheprobably
still
exercised
some
sort
ofsway
over
but
Sidon,
theonly
coins
ofthatmint
known
tobearthejugate
heads
of
andAntiochus
notstruck
until
theyears
VIII,were
Cleopatra
AfiPandB4P. Nocoins
atallhadapparently
been
since
issued
theyearITP(Paris,
Nos.1255-7).
23
a mintforthe Phoeniciantetradrachms
and diheredescribed.Withthemmustgo the
drachms,
Attic coins, signedby the same
accompanying
magistrates.
The probablereasonwhya truemint-mark
is so
seldomfoundon the Ake coinsafterZIIP, is perthecitywas
hapsdue to thefactthat,likeAntioch,
' mintoftheSeleucid
nowlookeduponas a "centrar
underCleopatrait was notonly
power. Certainly,
a centralbut,fora time,hersolemint. Therefore,
no markindicatinglocalitywas actuallyneeded.
When success eventuallycrowned Cleopatra's
and she had added to herkingdom
efforts
thedistrictsofCoele-Syria,
SeleucisandPieria,andCilicia,
theircentralmintsof Damascus,Antioch
including
and Tarsus,habitstilldictatedthepracticeofdison thecoinsofAkepensingwitha truemint-mark
Ptolemais. And here the old adage that "the
its
exceptionprovesthe rule" again demonstrates
validity. For, suddenlyand in onlyone instance
(No. 21), does itrreappearfora momenton the
to distinguish
themfrom
coinsof Ake-Ptolemais,
theissuesat thenewlyacquiredmintsofDamascus,
Antioch
andTarsus.
ANTIOCHUSVIII GRYPUS
FirstReign,121/0-114/3
B. C.
Year 121-120B. C.
Obv. Diademedhead of AntiochusVIII to r.
Circleofpellets.
24
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 on r.,ANTIOXOYon 1. Eagle

In 1.field,2. In r.
standsto L upona thunderbolt.
field,BqP.
a) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1440,PI. 56 ( =
Numismatic
Chronicle
, 4thSer.,Vol.XIX, 1919,p. 22,
PI. iii,3), gr.12.90;) Cambridge,
McCleanColl.,Vol.
PI.341,10,PLATEIII; 7) NewIll, No.9336,gr.13.81,
ell,gr.12.25.
MunicipalCoinage
23. BronzeHalf
Obv
Jugatebustsof the Dioscurito r. Circleof
pellets.
Rev. ANTIOXEQNTQN EN IITOAEMAIAI in
twolinesonr.,IEPAS ASYAOYon 1. Cornucopiae.
In innerr. field,
LB^P.
London,gr. 1.66,PLATE III.
Year 120-119B. C.
Obv. Similarto No. 22.
Rev. Similarto No. 22. In 1.field,M* In r. field,
rqp.
a) Paris,No. 1377,gr.13.35;) NavilleSaleX, June
1925,No. 1439,PI. 56 (= NavilleSale I, Apr.1921,
No. 3011,PI. lxxxix= EggerSale,Jan.1908,No. 638,
PI. xx),gr.14.07;7) Newell,
gr.13.38,PLATE IV.
MunicipalCoinage
25. BronzeHalf
. JugateheadsoftheDioscurito r. Circleof
Obv
pellets.
Rev. ANTIOXEQNTQN EN IITOAEMAIAI in
two lineson r. (IEPAS A2YA0Y on 1.). Cornucopiae. In innerr. field,TSEP.
Newell,gr.2.09,PLATE IV.
25
Year 118-117B. C.
Obv
. Similar
to No. 24.
Rev. Similar
to No. 24. In 1.field,
M In r. field,
Eqp.
NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1441,PL 56 (= BunburyColl.,Sotheby
Sale,Dec. 1896,No. 575,PL vi),
gr.14.15,PLATE IV.
MunicipalCoinage
27. BronzeHalf
Obv
. JugatebustsoftheDioscurito r. Circleof
pellets.
Rev. ANTIOXEQNTQN EN IITOAEMAIAIin
twolinesonther.,IEPAS ASTAOTonthe1. Cornur.field,
E<3P. Ininner
1.field,
copiae. In inner
ylorA .
Nos.965-6= Paris,Les PersesAchmniRouvier,
des, Nos. 1504-5,gr.1.82,1.38.
UndatedCoinage
Years 120-117B. C.
Obv
. Similarto the preceding,
but witha fillet
border.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOTin twolineson r.,
Eni<>AN0Y2on1. ZeusUranius,
to
naked,standing
r.andrests1.uponsceptre.
1.,holdsstarinoutstretched
In 1. field,hfl. The wholesurrounded
by a laurel
wreath.
a) Newell,
gr.16.51;) Newell,
gr.16.68;y-e)Paris,
No. 1409(Pl.XXV,
2),gr.16.50;No. 1410,gr.16.40;No.
1411,gr. 15.85;f-r)NavilleSale I, Apr.1921,Nos.
NavilleSale
3016-8,
grs.16.53,16.57,16.60,Pl.lxxxix;0)
PL54;t)Bernent
X,June1925,No.1396,
Coll.,
gr.16.48,
26
NavilleSaleVII, June1924,No. 1709,gr.16.47,PI. 59

(= Fenerly
BeyColl.,EggerSaleXLI, Nov.1912,No.
de la FueColl.,CianiSale,Feb.
740,PI.xx);k)Aliotte
1925,No. 925,gr. 16.58,PI. 16; X) Newell,gr. 16.68,
PLATE IV; /i)Schlessinger
Sale13,Feb.1935,No. 1475,
Sale 11,Feb. 1934,No.
gr.16.30,Pl. 52;v) Schlessinger
344,Pl. 10;)Hamburger
Sale,May 1929,No. 413,gr.
16.50,PI. 9; o) De Nanteuil
Coll.,No.498,gr.16.24,PI.
Hunter
xxxi;tt)Glasgow,
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p. 99,No. 1,gr.
15.75;p) RattoSale,Apr.1927,No. 2523,gr.16.33,PL
lxiii;v) CianiSale,1920,No.139,PI.iii;<r)Hartwig
Coll.,
Santamaria
Sale,March1910,No.822,gr.16.30,PI.xv;
Sale,Oct.1927,No. 3138,gr.15.95,PL 59;
r) Helbing
American
Numismatic
v-<p)
Society,
gr.16.01and 16.51.
Year 117-116B. C.
of
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding,
butwitha border
pellets.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 on r.,ANTIOXOT on 1. Eagle
M . In r. field,^P.
to1.ona thunderbolt.
In 1.field,
Paris,No. 1385,gr.13.80,PLATE IV.
Year 116-115B. C.
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In 1.field,M. In
r. field,ZqP.
a) Paris,No. 1392,gr.6.85,PLxxiv,14;) Newell,
gr.
6.75,PLATE IV.
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In 1. field,AT. In
ZqP.
r. field,
Paris,No. 1391,gr.13.25,PLATE IV.
27
UndatedCoinage
Years 117-115B. C.
border.
butwithfillet
tothepreceding,
Obv. Similar
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOTin twolineson r.,
EIII<$AN0Y2on 1. Zeusdraped,standing,
holding
1.uponsceptre.In
starinoutstretched
r.,andresting
1.field,M . Thewholesurrounded
bya laurelwreath.
ct-)NavilleSaleX, June1925,Nos. 1405,1406,gr,
Sale 11,Feb. 1934,
16.42,16.53,Pl. 54;7) Schlessinger
No. 343,gr. 15.60,Pl. 12; ) NavilleSale XV, July
Hunter
1930,No. 1084,gr. 16.50,Pl. 38; e) Glasgow,
Sale,
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p. 100,No. 5,gr.16.23;f) Helbing
Jan. 1930,No. 333,gr. 16.20,Pl. 13, PLATE IV;
f) Newell,
gr.16.50,
Year 115-114B. C.
but the borderis
Obv
. Similarto the preceding,
dotted.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 on r.,ANTIOXOTon 1. Eagle
In 1.field,AT. In
to 1.upona thunderbolt.
standing
HqP.
r. field,
Paris,No. 1396,gr.13.85,PI.xxiv,15,PLATEIV.
Year 114-113B. C.
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
In 1. field,Af. In
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
hasbeenreutovera preceding
04P (thetheta
r. field,
eta).
London,PLATE IV.
28
UndatedCoinage
Years 115-113B. C.
border.
butwithfillet
Obv. Similar
tothepreceding,
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOT in twolineson r.,
EmÂNOTS on 1. Zeus, draped,standingto 1.,
1.uponsceptre.
starinoutstretched
r.,resting
holding
In 1.field,ATor ATor AT. Thewholesurrounded
bya
laurelwreath.
a) London,No. 13,gr.16.52;) Paris,No. 1420,gr.
16.50; 7) Newell,gr. 15.12; ) Newell,gr. 15.87;
gr.
gr.16.71;f) Newell,
c) Newell,
gr.16.54;f) Newell,
16.57,PLATE V; rj)NavilleSale X, June1925,No.
1408,gr. 16.27,PI. 54; 6) NavilleSale X, June1925,
No. 1407,gr. 16.70,PI. 54; 1) Rhousopoulos
Coll.,
SaleXIII, May1905,No.4473,gr.15.30,PI.lvi;
Hirsch
PI.
Sale 13,Feb.1935,No. 1476,
gr.15.10,
k)Schlessinger
PI. 16;
53;X)CahnSale60,July1928,No.1051,gr.16.39,
p) EggerSale,Jan.1908,No. 643,gr. 16.03,PI. xx;
if)RattoSale,Apr.1927,No. 2521,gr.16.64,PI. lxiii;
)Fenerly
BeyColl.,EggerSale XLI, Nov. 1912,No.
743,gr.16.40,PI.xx;o) PozziColl.,NavilleSale I, Apr.
Hunter
w)Glasgow,
1921,No.3015,gr.16.56,PI.lxxxix;
Coll.,Vol. Ill, p. 100,No. 6, gr. 16.20,PI. lxix,19;
p) EggerSale,Jan. 1908,No. 644,gr. 16.38,PI. xx;
Sale,Nov.1910,No.830,gr.16.39,PI. 14
a) Merzbacher
( = EggerSaleXLV,Nov.1913,No.770,PI.xxi= Walcherde Molthein
Coll.,No. 3052,gr.16.42,PI. xxviii);
Numismatic
Society,
gr.16.21.
r) American
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In 1. field,AT. In
<l>.
r. field,
Newell,gr.16.57,PLATE V.
motherby
Grypusdisposedof his too masterful
forcingher to drinkthe poisoncup intendedfor
29
at Ake-Ptolemais
theregular
himself.He continued
coinage of Attic and Phoeniciantetradrachms.
Thesenowbearhis portrait
only. The connecting
linkwithhismother's
j,
coinageis themagistrate,
forthe
whosignsGrypus'Phoenician
tetradrachms
remainder
of the yearB4P.36 The eagle,as was
is perchedupon the
at Ake-Ptolemais,
customary
thunderbolt.The styleand fabricare identical
withthosefoundon the jointissuesof thismint
undertheruleofCleopatraand Antiochus.
Withthe year T^P, a new magistrate,
M, appears,but thestyleand fabriccontinuethe same.
withtheTyrianM , who
He can hardlybe identical
coinsin thatcity. The mintof
is stillfoundsigning
had by now growninto so wellAke-Ptolemais
an institution
thatit hardlyseemslikely
established
it wouldagainhaveneededto calluponTyreforthe
loan of some practisedfunctionary.Under the
newincumbent,
and Attictetradrachms
Phoenician
continueto appear in greatnumbers,the latter
common. From timeto time,
beingparticularly
also are struck. The Attic
Phoeniciandidrachms
of M maybe dividedintoan earlier
tetradrachms
(No. 28) and a later(No. 32) groupby observing
assumes
thatthenudeZeuson thereverse
suddenly
occursat boththe
drapery.The samephenomenon
and Damascus. Butas the
sistermintsofAntioch
arenotdated,theyhelpus
ofAntioch
tetradrachms
Dr.Rogers
readthisdateas fP
Onhisownspecimen,
Vol.XIX,1919,
Chronicle
, 4thSer.,
p.22),butitis
CNumismatic
shown
known
BSP, as clearly
bythetwoother
specicertainly
ourNo.22.
under
recorded
mens
30
those of
only in a generalway.37 Fortunately,
Damascusbeardates,from
whichwelearndefinitely
that Zeus dons his himation
at Damascusin the
courseoftheyearE^P, orbetween
October118and
1
1
7
B.
C.
The
intimate
corSeptember
apparently
whichexistedbetween
relation
thethreemintsunder
the successivereignsof Cleopatraand her son
certainthat at AkeGrypus,makesit practically
Ptolemaisalso thedrapedZeus makeshis appearance about 117B. C. Hence,thecoinageofNo. 28
lastedfrom120to 117B. C., followed
bythatofNo.
32in 117-115B. C.
In thecourseof theyearZIP, as thedatedcoin
No. 31 reveals,themagistrate
M wasrelievedbya
one AT,whosignstheremainder
newofficial,
ofthe
coinageforGrypus'firstreignoverAke-Ptolemais.
The last dated coin,No. 34, bearstheyear0IP,
or 114-113B. C. The samedate is foundalso on
coppercoinsstruckby AntiochusIX Cyzicenusat
Antioch.38We knowfromour historical
sources39
in thespringcampaignthatin 113B. C., probably
37Grypus'
first
Antiochene
issuebearsas itsreverse
typea
loc.cit.,
Athena
follows
standing
(Newell,
p.92,Nos.362-4).Then
theZeusUranius
wepossess
about
type.Ofhisundraped
figure,
asmany
aswedoofthestanding
Athena
No.
specimens
type
{ibid.
378andseveral
which
havesince
turned
examples
up). Thesuccoins
with
thedraped
Zeusarequite
common
Nos.
ceeding
(ibid.,
Thechange
from
thenude
tothedraped
would
365-377).
figure
tohavetaken
about
inGrypus*
then,
first
appear,
place
midway
atAntioch
B.C.),orabout
121-113
117B.C.
reign
(circa
88Newell,
. cit.,
loc
p.97.
Eusebius.
theevent
inthefourth
I,257,28places
ofthe
year
166th
orexactly
113B.C.;Justin
Olympiad,
XXXIX,
2,9,states
hadreigned
that
for
isfrom
that
121-1
13B.C.,
Grypus
years,
eight
when
Cyzicenus
appeared.
31
ing season,Cyzicenusappearedand droveGrypus

out of Antioch. Our extantcoins suggestthat
afterwards
hesecuredAke-Ptolemais
as well.
shortly
There are no knownbronzecoins,bearingthe
types of AntiochusVIII Grypus,which could
reasonablybe assignedto Ake-Ptolemais.The
continued
to issuesmall,
apparently
city,however,
dated municipalbronzepiecesas before. So far,
onlythedatesBflP,T4P, and E*IPhaveturnedup.
The styleis nowmuchpoorer,theflanssmaller,
of
lighterweightand morecarelesslypreparedthan
had been the case under Cleopatra. Only the
thesmallest
with
"halves"areknown,
denomination
seemsnolongerto havebeencoined.
thelyrereverse
ANTIOCHUSIX CYZICENUS
113-108B. C.
FirstReigninAke-Ptolemais,
UndatedCoinage
Year 113-112B. C.
IX to
headofAntiochus
Obv. Diademed,
youthful
r. Filletborder.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOYin twolineson r.,
to
Athenastanding
4>IA0nAT0P02on 1. Helmeted
r. andresting
1.upon
Nikeinoutstretched
1.,holding
2. In 1.field,
l.
shieldand spear. In lowerr. field,
Thewholesurrounded
bya laurelwreath.
a) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1475,PI. 58,gr.
16.20;) Newell,
gr.16.58,PLATEV.
32
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
butthesigmais replacedbya STAR.
NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1462,gr. 16.27,PL
57, PLATE V.
to thepreceding.
Obv
. Similar
butin 1.field,star
aboveATabove 1.
PLATEV.
Museum,
Philadelphia,
University
to thepreceding.
Obv
. Similar
butin 1. field,star
above AT. In theexergue,
f..
a) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1476,gr.15.87,
Pl. 58;) Newell,
gr.16.32,PLATE V.
. Similar
to thepreceding.
Obv
to thepreceding,
Rev. Similar
AT, only,in1.field.
Chronicle
, 4thSer.,Vol.
a) Prof.Oman,Numismatic
XIX, 1919,Pl. X,3; ) NavilleSaleX, June1925,No.
Coll.,NavilleSale
1474,gr. 16.00,PL 58; 7) Bernent
VII, June1924,No. 1713,gr.16.15,Pl. 60; ) London,
No. 9, gr.15.58,PLATE V; e) RattoSale,Apr.1927,
No. 2534,gr.14.86,PL lxiii.
thesameobverse
die.
a, and7 arefrom
tothepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similarto the preceding,
exceptthat in 1.
is EP.
field
33
a) DayetColl.,PiattSale,June1925,No. 32, gr.

16.35,PI. i; ) London,No. 7, gr. 16.36,PI. xxiv,9,
PLATE V.
Year 112-111B. C.
but witha dotted
Obv. Similarto the preceding,
border.
Rev. BASIAEQS on r.,ANTIOXOYon 1. Eagle
In 1.field,S ; inr.
to 1.upona thunderbolt.
standing
LAS.
field,
a) Paris,No. 1457,gr. 13.50;) London,No. 2
(PI.xxiv,7),gr.13.82,PLATEVI.
Obv. Similar
tothepreceding,
butwithfillet
border.
Rev. BASIAES ANTIOXOTin twolineson r.,
on1. Athena
as onNo.37. In 1.field,
IAOIIATOPOS
. Thewholesurrounded
bya laurelwreath.
de Molthein
Walcher
Coll.,No. 3060,gr. 14.00,PI.
xxix,PLATEVI.
MunicipalIssue
45. Trihemiobol
(?)
Obv. Laureatehead of Apolloto r. Borderof
pellets.
Rev. Lyre. On 1.,rfl. Onr.,LAS.
Monnaiesgrecques
Berlin(Imhoof-Blumer,
, p. 449,
No.57,Pl.J,6),gr.1.08.
Year 111-110B. C.
Obv. Similar
to No. 43.
Rev. Similar
to No. 43. In 1.field,A. In r. field,
LBS.
Paris,No. 1458,gr.13.80,PLATE VI.
34
Obv. Similar
tothepreceding,
butwithfillet
border.
$IA0IIAT0P02 on 1. Athenaas on No. 44. In 1.
A. Laurelwreath
around.
field,
No. 8,gr.16.16,PLATE VI; ) Glasgow,
a) London,
Hunter
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p. 104,No. 1,gr.16.20.
(?) Year 110-109B. C.
UndatedCoinage
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding.
In 1.field,hf.
Chronicle
a) Prof.Oman{Numismatic
, 4thSer.,Vol.
XIX, 1919,PI. X,2; ) NavilleSaleX, June1925,No.
1464,gr.14.89,PI. 58; 7) Newell,
gr.15.27;)Newell,
gr. 16.32,PLATE VI; e) R. Jameson
Coll.,No. 1750,
PI.lxxxix.
gr.15.11,
thesameobverse
die.
and e arefrom
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
but withcornucopiaealongside
the H'
a) London,No. 10,gr.15.88;0) Aliottede la Fue
Coll.,CianiSale,Feb. 1925,No. 938,gr.15.80,PI. 17;
y) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1463,gr.15.35,PI.
57; ) Newell,gr. 15.75;c) Newell(Collignon
Coll.,
Feuardent
Sale,May 1914,No. 400,PI. xx),gr.15.63;
f) Newell,gr. 16.37,PLATE VI.
Year 109-108B. C.
Obv. Similar
tothepreceding,
butwithcircleofdots.
35
Rev. BA2IAE2 on r.,ANTIOXOTon 1. Eagle

toI. ona thunderbolt.
In 1.field,
. In r.field,
LAS.
AJ
Circleofdots.
Paris,No. 1405,gr.12.80,PLATE VI.
Year 107-106B. C.
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Sameinscription
andtypeas onthepreceding.
In r.
In 1. field,M combined
witha barley-stalk.
L2.
field,
London,No. 4, gr.13.61,PLATE VI.
Cyzicenus,once in possessionof Ake-Ptolemais,
continued
theretheusualparallelcoinageofdated
and undatedAttictetraPhoeniciantetradrachms
stresson
drachmsof royaltypes,layingparticular
the latter. Theseare identicalin styleand fabric
withtheissuesof his predecessor,
but nowdisplay
the ratherfoolishfeaturesof youngCyzicenuson
the obverse,and the standingAthena (a type
especiallyfavoredby his father,Sidetes)on the
reverse.The newissueis at first
signedbythesame
at Akeofficial,Af, who had been functioning
Ptolemaisforthelast threeyearsof Grypus. His
is frequently
by thatof a
accompanied
monogram
No. 36.
as on thefinalissueofGrypus,
subordinate,
is
In thiscase,however,
thesubordinate's
signature
of
or 2.40 On mostof thesecoinsthe features
were
itnot
asa date,
looked
been
have
Thissigma
upon
might
of
thecommencement
considerations.
forthefollowing
(1)Since
are
ofAke-Ptolemais
tetradrachms
theAttic
ofGrypus
thereign
issue
under
undated.
(No.36),
Grypus
(2)Onthefinal
invariably
36
are veryyouthful,
althoughthetracesof
Cyzicenus
a nascentbeardare visiblejust in frontof theear
and sometimes
downto thecornerofthe
extending
jaw.
To thissameissue(Nos. 37-41),hasbeenaddeda
Gff
. This
variety(No. 42) bearingthemonogram
associationhas been suggestedby the extreme
of theking'sfeatures.So similar,in
youthfulness
is
die to thatofsomeof ! 's coins
its
obverse
fact,
carefulcom(cf.PLATE V, 37-38)thatit requires
parisonto assureus thatit is notindeedidentical.
For the year 112-111B. C., we again have the
issue (No. 43) of a dated Phoeniciantetradrachm,
issueoftheundated
accompanied
bya corresponding
Attictetradrachm
(No. 44). Both coinsbear the
signature, whois possiblythesame persononce
so active underCleopatrain the mintat Akein style
Ptolemais.Becauseoftheclosesimilarity
andfabricbetween
thesepiecesandtheimmediately
issues,theycannotpossiblybe removed
preceding
fromtheseriesas a wholeand assignedto Sycamina
as has been proposed. They,obor Scythopolis,
viously,formpartand parcelof the longseriesof
issueswhichemanatedfromour mintin theselast
inaddition
tothechief
hadappeared,
there
magistrate's
monogram,
bea date.OnNo.37,the
a letter
cannot
possibly
{phi)which
theidentical
bythephi,
occupied
occupies
position
formerly
sigma
a date.(3)Onanother
beconsidered
andsoalsocannot
reasonably
isreplaced
coin(No.38),thesigma
bya star.(4)Onyetother
hasbecome
a monoofthis
issue
coins
(Nos.39and40)thesigma
remains
element.
wehave
ofwhich
itstill
thechief
Hence,
gram
thesuggestion
theplain
should
be
reason
toreject
that
every
sigma
asa date.
considered
37
had
yearsof theSeleuciddynasty.Ake-Ptolemais
nowbecomethe "central"mintforthe
evidently
under
entiresouthern
coastalregionstillremaining
Seleuciddomination.At this particularperiod,
Cyzicenus'hold on Antiochwas demonstrably
and he was againand againejected
intermittent,41
fromthe capital by the armiesof Grypus. He
couldnot,therefore,
counton its greatmintfora
ofthemoneyhe neededso badly
steadyproduction
in his desperatestrugglewithhis brother.That
mints
had largelyto be suppliedby his provincial
forwe knowthat
ofDamascus42
andAke-Ptolemais,
the principalseat of his powerwas in the south.43
The burdenof coinageprobablyfell even more
heavilyuponthesetwomintswhenone of thelast
secured
Seleucidstrongholds,
Sidon,havingfinally
its freedom,44
ceased foreverto coin forSeleucid
account.
Of necessity,
grantedfurCyzicenusapparently
ofAke-Ptolemais,
to themunicipality
therprivileges
forintheyearAS ( 112-111B. C.) itevencommenced
to coinsmallsilverpieces(No. 45) withautonomous
or were contypes. The city fathersrefrained,
thecoinswithmorethana
frominscribing
strained,
theSeleucid
and theycontinued
modestmonogram,
on these
find
to
is
of
It
interesting
dating.
system
Nos. 43,46,
coins,and notablyon thetetradrachms
50 and 51,thesuddenappearanceof theEgyptian
41Newell,
loc.cit.,
pp.96-105.
Seebelow,
pp.70-72.
43Cf.Bevan,
loc.cit.,
p.255.
44Brit.
Mus.Catalogue,
Phoenicia,
p.cv.
38
theSeleuciddate. Selsign(L) foryear,preceding

eucid mints,indeed,had rarelyemployedit, but
Sidonand Tyrebothdefinitely
adoptedit on their
autonomouscoinsthe momenttheyhad obtained
theirfreedom.
In thefollowing
yearBS (l 11-110B. C.), we possess a further
coinageofdatedPhoenician(No. 46)
andundatedAttictetradrachms
(No.47),nowsigned
by A. To thissameyear,Rouvierwouldassignhis
bronzecoin of Ake-Ptolemais,
No. 971, withthe
reverse
typeofa lyre.Thecoinis nowintheauthor's
owner
but the letterswhichits former
collection,
morelikeIE,
read as SB are something
doubtfully
ofwhichtheE at leastis certain. It wouldappear
and nota date.
to be a magistrate's
signature
Nos. 48-49,signedby themagistratehf, would
seemto have beenthe finalAtticcoinageat AkePtolemaisof Cyzicenus.The portraitwhichthey
bearis a littlemorematurethanany we have yet
whilethe beardis morepronounced
encountered,
and extendsto the pointof the chin. As yet no
have
datedPhoeniciantetradrachms
corresponding
appeared. The cornucopiae,alongsidethe monogramon No. 49,mayperhapsbe takenas an indicratherthan a magistrate's
ation of our mint,45
symbol,as symbols,in general,do not otherwise
themonograms
on theSeleucidissues
accompany46
ofAke-Ptolemais.
46Thecornucopiae
is theconstant
reverse
typeofthelargest
the
ofthemunicipal
bronze
struck
denomination
during
pieces
coinage.
preceding
*Theonly
theeagleon
arethebarley-stalk
behind
exceptions
I andPtolemy
ofAlexander
VI (seeabove,
thetetradrachms
pp.
39
Fortheyears109-108and 107-106B. C. weagain

have Phoeniciantetradrachms.They bear the
so characteristic
of the
eagle upona thunderbolt,
Phoeniciansilverissuesof our mint,and continue
fromNos. 43, 45 and 46 the use of the Egyptian
the date. Theirgeneral
year sign (L) preceding
aretheusualonesforAke-Ptolemais,
styleandfabric
whilethemagistrate's
on No. 51 is commonogram
binedwitha barley-stalk,
reminiscent
of thesame
theeagleon thecoinsof
plantwhichaccompanies
I and PtolemyVI. The
thiscityunderAlexander
be
mintof Nos. 50 and 51 musttherefore
certainly
Ake-Ptolemais.No. 50 has beenassignedby Babeof
and expression
Ion to Grypus,47
butbothprofile
head are typically
thoseof Cyzicenus,
the portrait
coinson PLATE
as a comparison
withtheremaining
hawk-like
VI willreadilyshow. The characteristic
beak of Grypusis not apparent. Traces of the
so typicalof Cyzicenusat thisperiod
cheek-beard,
oftheear,
ofhislife,can justbe madeout in front
in spiteofthefactthatsomeofthemetalhas flaked
of
awayfromthisveryspoton theuniquespecimen
No. 50 in thePariscabinet.
Cyzicenuscannotmuchlongerhave beenactual
tellsus that
masterin Ake-Ptolemais,
as Josephus48
onNo.51,and
a monogram
combined
with
2-3),thebarley-stalk
asareclosely
thestaronNos.38-40.Both
however,
symbols,
a number
for
Ake-Ptolemais:
with
thecornucopiae
sociated
having
bronze
been
usedasthereverse
ofmany
ofyears
municipal
type
theobwhograce
thestarsymbolizes
theDioscuri
while
coins,
ofthose
samecoins.
verses
47Rois
No.1405.
deSyrie
,etc.,
pp.clv.and183,
Antiquities,
XIII,12,2.
40
soon afterthe new rulerof the Jews,Alexander

had securedthepowerin 104-103B. C.
Jannaeus,
in an attemptto add
he laid siegeto Ake-Ptolemais
it to his kingdom.Apparently
the citizenscould
no
further
either
fromGrypusor
expect
protection
fromCyzicenus.For Josephussays: " whileAntiwho
ochusPhilopator
andAntiochus
(i. e., Grypus),
was calledCyzicenus,
weremakingwaragainstone
one another'sarmies,the
another,and destroying
of
Ptolemais
could
have no assistancefrom
people
them . . . nor indeedhad the kingssuch a
forthemas that theyshouldhope for
friendship
any advantage from them." Thus, Josephus
us theexplanation
plainlyoffers
whywe possessno
furtherSeleucidcoinagesat Ake-Ptolemais
after
the No. 51 heredescribed.The Syriankingsno
longerruledoverthecity,and Seleuciddomination
and coinagehad alikecometo theirend.
41
II
DAMASCUS
Damascusfirst
comesintonumismatic
prominence
withthecaptureofthecityby Alexandersgeneral
and theestablishment
Parmenio1
there,soonafter,
of a veryactive mint.2 This activitycontinued
underAlexander'simmediatesuccessors. Thereafterthe mintwentinto a temporary
decline,or
it has
rather,in our presentstate of knowledge,
to segregate
provedimpossible
any Seleucidissues
downto Antiochus
VII, whichcouldwithcertainty
be assignedto Damascus. Ptolemaicissuesforthe
A hintas to
cityare also rare,or quiteuncertain.3
the reasonsforthis may be foundon pp. 95-6 of
Prof.Rostovtzeff's
CaravanCitieswherehe says,in
of
the
Hellenistic
period,"At thisdate no
speaking
is madeof Palmyra;all thatis knownis
mention
thattheperiodwas notone ofgreatprosperity
for
Damascus . . . This factis curiouswhenwe
remember
thattheroadsleadingacrosstheSyrian
desertto thesea wereshorter
and therefore
cheaper
than thoseto the north,yet the reasonwhythe
Seleucidsabandonedthemis obvious. Theyled to
Phoeniciaby way of Damascus,and at that time
Phoeniciawas in the handsof the Ptolemies,
who
also had controlof Damascus. . . This was the
i Arrian
II, 11.
*Mller,
leGrand,
d'Alexandre
nos.
Numismatique
pp.287-9,
1338-46.
*J.N.Svoronos,
T No^t
a xou
x&r
No.
IToXe/tator,
io-pax
xpxou
1289.
42
situationin the thirdand at the beginning

of the
secondcenturiesB. C., whenthe Seleucidswere
to controlMesostrongand whilsttheycontinued
potamiaand Iran. The capturefromthePtolemies
of Phoeniciaand Palestineby AntiochusIII must
havebrought
certainchanges,
andit is possiblethat
thus
tradevia theSyriandesertwas thenresumed,
to Damascusa newperiodof prosperity."
bringing
It is certainthatfromthistimeon,thecitygradually revivedto becomeoncemorethemostimporofall the
tantinlandcentreoftradeandgovernment
Syrianhinterland.It is not, however,untilthe
VII thatits coinissuesbecome
reignof Antiochus
forus to recognizethemwith
obvious
sufficiently
theyconcertainty.But fromthattimeforward
untilthe very
tinue,almostwithoutinterruption,
ofDamascus
endofSeleucidruleandtheacquisition
bytheNabataeans.
ANTIOCHUSVII
138-129B. C.
Year 138B. C.
52. Tetradrachm
VII to r. Fillet
Obv. DiademedheadofAntiochus
border.
Athenastanding
to 1.,
EYEPrETOY on 1. Helmeted
r., resting1. upon
holdingNikein heroutstretched
In theexergue,AOP.
shield. In inner1. field,
The wholesurrounded
bya laurelwreath.
Newell(from
gr.16.55,PLATE VII.
Baghdad),
43
YEAR138-137B. C.
53. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev, Similar
to thepreceding.
In 1.field, above
A. In theexergue,
EOP.
NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1282,gr.16.27,PI. 48,
PLATE VII.
54. Drachm
. Similar
Obv
tothepreceding.
as onthepreceding.
Winged
Nikeadvancing
inheroutstretched
to1.,holding
wreath
r. In outer1.field, aboveW.
Newell(from
Damascus),
gr.3.89,PLATE VII.
Year 137-136
B. C.
55. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
AE abovePM.
Rev. Similarto No. 53. In 1.field,
Intheexergue,
OP.
No. 13,gr.16.78,PI.xx,6,PLATEVII.
London,
YEAR135-134B. C.
56. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding.
AE above
In 1.field,
ft/. In theexergue,
HOP.
a) London,No. 14,gr. 15.80;) Newell,gr. 15.20;
y) Paris,No. 1112,gr.16.50,PLATEVII.
Year 134-133B. C.
57. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
tothepreceding.
44
AE above
Rev. Similar
In 1.field,
tothepreceding.
W. In theexergue,
OOP.
LeakeColl.;) London,No. 15,gr,
a) Cambridge,
15.01;7) FenerlyBey Coll.,EggerSale XLI, Nov.
1912,No. 723,gr. 16.52,Pl. xix; S) Paris,No. 1117
(De LuynesColl.,No.3383,PI. cxxiv),
gr.16.45.
58. Tetradrachm
Obv
tothepreceding.
. Similar
In 1.field,# above
tothepreceding.
Rev. Similar
OOP.
& . In theexergue,
London,No. 16,gr.16.20,PLATE VII.
Year 133-132B. C.
59. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
tothepreceding.
AE. In
to thepreceding.In 1.field,
Rev. Similar
IIP.
theexergue,
de la FueColl.,CianiSale,Feb.
a) Newell(Aliotte
1925,No. 890,Pl. 16),gr.16.29;) Newell,gr. 16.40,
PLATE VII.
60. Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In 1. field,9. In
IIP.
theexergue,
Paris,No. 1123,gr.15.65,PLATEVII.
Year 132-131B. C.
61. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
RevSimilarto the preceding.In 1. field,AE.
AI1P.
In the exergue,
a) Newell,gr. 15.77;) Newell,gr. 16.05,PLATE
HunterColl.,Vol.Ill, p. 79,No. 1,
VII; 7) Glasgow,
gr.16.09.
45
62. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In 1. field,TR. In
theexergue,
AIIP.
Glasgow,HunterColl.,Vol. Ill, p. 79, No. 2, gr.
16.46,PI. lxviii,13,PLATEVIII.
Year 131-130B. C.
63. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
In 1.field,Hior
In theexergue,
BIIP.
a) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1288,gr. 16.55,
PI. 48; ) London,No. 17,gr.16.03,PLATE VIII.
a and arefrom
thesameobverse
dieas 62.
64. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
tothepreceding.
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In 1.field,Ifif
. In
theexergue,
BIIP.
a) CianiSale,Oct.1920,No. 104,PI. 3; ) Paris,No.
1128,gr. 16.45;-y)Paris,No. 1129,gr. 16.65(= de
LuynesColl.,No. 3385,PI. cxxiv),PLATE VIII.
a andyarefrom
thesameobverse
die.
Year 130-129B. C.
65. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding.
In 1.field,fetf
above
A. In theexergue,
TOP.
De Nanteuil
PLxxxi,PLATE
Coll.,No.496,gr.16.55,
VIII (themoldfromthe obversedie was damaged
before
casting).
Fromthesameobverse
dieas No. 64 a, y.
46
66. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
N above
to thepreceding.In 1.field,
A. In theexergue,
HIP.
Newell(NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1289,PI. 48),
gr. 16.54,PLATE VIII.
dieas No. 65.
Fromthesameobverse
themintat Damascusin
Antiochus
VII re-opened
theveryyear(AOP = 139-8B. C.) of hisarrivalin
Syriaand his seizureof the powerfromthe hated
usurper,Tryphon. The mintnow began to coin
and we possessitsissuesforeveryyearbut
steadily,
one of Antiochus*
reign. That lacunais probably
due to chance,as theyearlycoinageseemsnot to
have been over-large.Withthe exceptionof the
firstyear(AOP), theissuesare supervisedby two
whosemonograms
appeartogetheron
magistrates
OOP. Thereafter,
thecoinsfromyearEOP through
fromIIP through
BIIP, the coinageis dividedinto
twogroups,theone signedby a singlemagistrate,
theotherby hisassociate. In thefinalyearofthe
reign(rilP), the initialsof two magistrates
again
on eachcoin,and continue
to do so
appeartogether
underthesucceeding
reigns.
In silver,Damascus coined only Attic tetraand drachms,
thesametypesas
drachms
employing
i. e., a standingAthenaforthe
used at Antioch,4
a wingedNike forthe small.
largedenomination,
Thoughthe typesare the same,the issuesof Dafromthe more
mascusare clearlydifferentiated
Newell,
TheSeleucid
Coinage
ofAntioch,
pp.73-81.
47
prolificones of Antiochby certainpeculiarities.

In thefirstplace,theybeardates,whiletheAntiochenesilverissuesdo not. Year by yeartheyare
whileat Antisupervised
by twomagistrates
only,6
och(becauseofthesizeofherissues)a wholegalaxy
ofmagistrates
forthegreater
officiate.
Furthermore,
partofthetime,thelatter'sissuesaredistinguished
i , placed
eitherby thepresence
ofthemonogram,
in theleft-hand
fieldabove an alpha (forthemint
name,Antioch?) or by the alpha placedbeneath
other magistralmonograms.At Damascus, we
findonlymagistrates*
or initial. The
monogram
them
styleofourDamascenecoinsalsodifferentiates
fromthoseof Antioch. Generallyspeaking,it is
heavier,clumsier,and less compact. With the
exceptionof the firstissue,the king'shead is of
lowerrelief,and not so wellmodelled.The flans,
also,tendtobe morespreadthanthoseofthecapital.
obvious
are strikingly
These,and otherdifferences,
whenthe two seriesare placed side by side and
compared.
Granted,then,that Nos. 52-66forma compact
fromthe
groupbythemselves,
clearlydifferentiated
issuesofAntioch,
howdo weknowthattheymustbe
stepis oneofelimassignedto Damascus? The first
thatthroughout
ination. The shrunken
territories
thesway
thegreater
partofhisreignacknowledged
of AntiochusVII, comprisedonly Cilicia,North
Seleucis,Pieria,and the cantons
Syria (including
Inthecourse
oftheyear80P,a special
issue(No.58)was
usfour
which
thus
out,
brought
signed
bytwoextra
officials,
gives
inthat
oneyear.
active
magistrates
48
to the east), thecoastaldistricts

of Phoeniciaand
innerSyria,whichwe shall
Palestine,and, finally,
conveniently
designateas Coele-Syria.In the recarriedoutbyAntiochus
VII afterthe
organization
chaosengendered
the
wars
internecine
between
by
AlexanderI and DemetriusII, and betweenthe
latterand AntiochusVI and Tryphon,we sense
severalchangesthathadcometo thecoinagesofthe
kingdom.First,a stablemintwas providedforthe
district
ofCiliciaat Tarsus6whichnow,forthefirst
to cointetradrachms
and
time,commenced
regularly
drachmsbearingon theirreversesthe types of
Sandan.7 Secondly,
thedistrict
ofNorthSyriawas
furnished
with
the
coinby the
sufficiently
necessary
greatcentralmintat theroyalcapitalof Antioch.
The monetary
demandsof Phoeniciaand Palestine
were,of course,well taken care of by the very
activemintsat Sidonand Tyre,followed
later,as
we have seen,by thatat Ake-Ptolemais.In this
coastaldistrict,
andherealone,moneyofPhoenician
fromtimeto time
weightwas coined,supplemented
outon theaccustomed
Attic
byroyalissuesbrought
standard. Therethusremainsunsuppliedwitha
suitablecentralmintonlytheimportant
of
district
InnerSyriawithits greatmetropolis
of Damascus.
To that mintalone are we logicallyjustifiedin
assigningso continuousa coinageas that representedby Nos. 52-66. Finally,as we shall soon
From
time
totime,
issues
were
small,
supplementary
brought
outatMallus
andSeleuda
ontheCalycadnus.
*Cf.Egger
SaleXLI,Nov.1912,
Nos.725,
732.Naville
SaleX,
Nos.1370,
1487-94.
1925,
June
1387,
1442-50,
49
of a long
learn,thesecoinsare but the beginning
seriesof issueswhichlead directly
into,and eventuallyendwith,suchcoinsas Nos. 115-153. It has
thattheselattercouldhavebeen
longbeenknown8
coinedat Damascusonly.
To thegroupofcoinsdescribed
here,thereshould
perhapsalso be added the undatedtetradrachm
whichappearedin the NavilleSale X, June1925,
No. 1304,PL 49. In itsstyleandgeneral
appearance,
the coin is not unlikeour Nos. 59-66,but as it
in itsfieldarenever
bearsno dateand as theletters
foundon the certainDamasceneissues,it has not
beenincluded.
Doubtless,royalbronzecoinswerealso struckat
Damascusto accompanythe silverissues,but at
wehavenotsufficient
dataavailabletomake
present
definite
attributions
possible,or evendesirable.A
at Damascus,andsearchamong
visitto themuseum
thebazaarsofthatcity,mightleadto usefulresults.
DEMETRIUS II
B. C.
SecondReignin Damascus,129-126/5
Year 129B. C.
67. Tetradrachm
II to r. Thehair
. BeardedheadofDemetrius
Obv
at thebackoftheheadand ofthebeardis notcurly.
Filletborder.
jRev. BASIAESAHMHTPIOYintwolinesonr.,
EOTNIKATOPOS intwolineson1. Zeus,nakedto
8RenDussaud,
Journal
, Mars-Avril,
1904,
Asiatique
pp.199200.
50
waist,seatedto 1. on diphros,
holdingNike in outr. and resting
1. uponsceptre.In inner1.
stretched
TOP.
field,NA or AN. In theexergue,
a) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1354,PI. 52 ( =
Coll.,Schulman
Sale,Sept.1904,No. 606,
White-King
PI.vi),gr.16.67;) London( = Bunbury
Coll.,Sotheby
Chronicle
Sale,Dec. 1896,No.545,PI.v = Numismatic
,
3rdSer.,Vol. Ill, 1883,pp. 100-102,PI. vi, 4), gr.
16.46;7) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1341,PI. 51
., 4thSer.,Vol.XII, 1912,p. 254,No.
(= Num. Chron
23, PI. X, 11) gr. 16.43;) Newell,gr. 16.51,PLATE
VIII; e) Cons.WeberColl.,HirschSale XXI, Nov.
1908,No. 4110,PI. liii,gr. 16.68.
thesameobverse
dies, and
a, ,7, and arefrom
thesamereverse
die. It isobviousthat
7 arealsofrom
theking'sbeardhas been
on theBunbury
specimen,
times.
tooledawayinmodern
Year 129-128B. C.
68. Tetradrachm
to thepreceding,
Obv
. Similar
butthehairis more
curly.
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding.
Beneath
thethrone,
In theexergue,
AIIP.
a) Newell,gr. 16.66;) University
Museum,PhilaSale,Nov. 1910,No. 829,gr.
delphia(= Merzbacher
PI. 14);7) Cumberland-Clark
16.63,
Coll.,Sotheby
Sale,
Jan.1914,No. 280,gr.16.30,PI. viii;5) London,No.
Numismatic
12,gr. 16.43,PLATE VIII; e) American
Society,
gr.15.90.
5
from
the
and
are
same
of
the
pair dies; is from

sameobverse
butanother
reverse
die.
69. Tetradrachm
Obv
tothepreceding.
. Similar
but X beneath
throne.
51
a) HirschSaleXXXIV, May 1914,No. 505,PL xvi

(= HirschSaleXXXIII, Nov.1913,No. 911,PL xxi),
gr.16.25;) EggerSale XLV,Nov. 1913,No. 767,gr.
16.06,PL xxi;7) Locker-Lampson
Coll.,No. 348,gr.
16.43,Pl.xxvi;) Hamburger
Sale,June,1930,No.429,
gr. 16.15,PL 14; c) Newell,gr. 16.33,PLATE VIII;
No. 13,gr.16.58.
f) London,
thesameobversedie. 8 and e are
a, , 7 arefrom
another
from
obverse
die.
Year 128-127B. C.
70. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding.
Beneaththrone,
g.
Intheexergue,
EnP.
a) NavilleSale XVI, July1933,No. 1449,gr.16.57,
PL 48; ) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1344,gr.
McCleanColl.,Vol. Ill,
16.34,PL 51; 7) Cambridge,
No. 9330,gr.16.42,PL 341,4, PLATE IX.
die.
thesameobverse
a, and7 arefrom
71. Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similarto the preceding.In 1. field,KN.
EIIP.
Beneath
throne,W. In theexergue,
EggerSaleXLVI, May 1914,No. 2464,gr.16.65,PL
xl,PLATE IX.
Year 127-126B. C.
72. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
tothepreceding.
to thepreceding.In outer1.field,KH
Rev. Similar
or . Intheexergue,
OTP.
. Beneath
ortzsj
throne,
Sale,March1931,No. 1161,PLxxx( =
a) Glendining
NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1347,Pl. 51),gr.16.12;
de la Fue
) Newell,
gr.16.58,PLATE IX; 7) Aliotte
Coll.,CianiSale,Feb. 1925,No. 899,gr.16.10,PI. 16;
52
Sale 98,Apr.1933,No. 843,gr.16.35,Pl.

) Hamburger
26; c) NavilleSaleIV,June1922,No.968,Pl.xxxiv( =
Schlesinger
y GuzmanColl.,SothebySale,July1914,
No. 117,Pl. vi = Butler
Coll.,Sotheby
Sale,July1911,
No.265,Pl. vi),gr.16.66;f) Bernent
Coll.,NavilleSale
VII, June1924,No. 1699,Pl. 59 (= O'HaganColl.,
SothebySale, May 1908,No. 674,Pl. xi), gr. 16.60;
rt Newell,gr. 16.11,PLATE IX; rj)EggerSale,Jan.
1908,No.627,gr.16.51,Pl. xix;0) NavilleSaleX, June
1925,No. 1345,gr.16.68,Pl. 51;i) NavilleSaleX, June
TobinBushColl.,
1925,No. 1346,gr.16.65,Pl. 51; #c)
No.244,Pl.ii.
Sale,Nov.19C2,
Sotheby
thesameobverse
die. e-i,inclusive,
a, ,y arefrom
are fromanotherobversedie. and k are froma
singlepairof dies.
73. Tetradrachm
butoffiner
Obv
. Similarto thepreceding,
style.
Rev. Similarto the preceding.Betweenthe feet
ofZeus,A. Beneaththethrone,
. In theexergue,
IIP.
No. 15,gr.16.57,PLATE IX.
London,
74. Drachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
The sameletters
Rev. Similar
in
butnodateintheexergue.
thesamepositions,
Coll.,Vol. IV, No. 2610,gr. 3.84,PI.
a) Jameson
cxxxvii(= NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1355,PL
HunterColl.,Vol. Ill, p. 87,No. 5,
52); ) Glasgow,
PI. lxviii,24,gr.3.83.PLATE IX; y) Newell,
gr.4.04.
Year 126-125B. C.
75. Tetradrachm
butstylenotquiteso
tothepreceding,
Obv. Similar
good.
In outer1.field,
tothepreceding.
Rev. Similar
KH.
thethrone,
inP.
Beneath
ft. In theexergue,
53
a) Electrotype;
) NavilleSale I, Apr. 1921,No.
PLATEIX.
3005,gr.16.34,PI.lxxxix,
a and arefrom
die.
thesameobverse
76. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.In outer1.field,
&
MP.
aboveKH. Beneath
#. Intheexergue,
throne,
London,No. 16,gr.16.52,PLATE IX.
77. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In outer1.field,
&
MP.
above* . Beneath
throne, . In theexergue,
London(= Bunbury
Coll.,Sotheby
Sale,Dec. 1896,
No. 548,PI.v),gr.16.39,PLATEIX.
fromParthia,
UnderDemetrius
II, nowreturned
to coinits usual
the mintof Damascuscontinued
datedtetradrachms.
Theybeginin TOP, whichis
Antiochus
VI Ts lastyearas wellas thefirst
yearof
DemetriusITs secondreignin Coele-Syria.The
magistralletters,deltaand nu, are foundon the
issuesof bothkings. They continueto appearin
the succeeding
year,AIIP, but now in monogram
form.In thesameyear(AIIP),theyaresucceeded
composedof the two letters,ksi
by a monogram
cannotpossibly
and delta
. As theseletterstogether
theinitialsof a singlename,and as they
represent
are arrangedin thesamemanneras thepreceding
two
mustrepresent
deltaandnu (which,
themselves,
66
and
it
as
shown
Nos.
67),
by comparing
persons
seemsobviousthatksianddeltamustalsoconstitute
the initiallettersof two separatenames. During
54
theshortsecondreignof DemetriusII at Antioch

(129-128B. C.), severalof his issues therewere
3 andA,orS and0.9 Alexansignedbytheletters,
and himself
der II ZebinaseizedAntioch,
beganto
cointherein AIIP, employing
magistrates
entirely
fromthosefoundunderDemetrius.10It
different
thatS (at least)
wouldseemquitelikely,therefore,
had fledfromAntiochwithhis master,and continuedto workforhimat Damascusforthe reEIIP
mainderof AIIP (No. 69) and the following
his
thedeltawhichaccompanies
(No. 70). Whether
thesamepersonwho
letterat Damascusrepresents
withhimat Antioch,
or is theA
had also officiated
on
at
who previously
appears Damascus, Nos. 65to determine.In anycase,
68,it wouldbe difficult
thesameletter,delta
, again appearsin IIP (Nos.
, whichmay
73-74),nowaccompanied
by an omega
be only the secondletterof his name but more
Thedrachm,
another
indicates
magistrate.
probably
beenassignedto Antiochby
No. 74,had previously
whoat thattimehad failedto observe
thewriter,11
thatit mustalmostcertainly
belongwiththetetrato DamasNo. 73. The latter'sattribution
drachm,
assuredby thepresenceofa date
cus is practically
on its silver
a practicenotfollowed
in its exergue,
issuesat Antiochafterthe reignof Antiochus
VI.
it cannothave beenstruckat Antiochas
Certainly
notDemetrius,
ruledtherein thisyear.
Alexander,
in theportraits
on Nos.
The styleofthedie-cutting
Newell,
Nos.320-323.
loc.cit.,
pp.82-84,
ioIbid.,pp.84-89.
" Ibid.,
p.83,No.325.
55
foundat
73-74 is far betterthan is customarily
Damascus,and morenearlyapproachesthe excelissuesoftheperiod. Can it
lenceoftheAntiochene
be thatsomedie-engraver,
too, had escapedfrom
in Damascus?
AntiochandjoinedDemetrius
EIIP
and IIP, alongside
the
Throughout years
and drachmsmarkedby letters
thesetetradrachms
comeothercoins(Nos.
ratherthanby monograms,
onein theouter
71-2),whichbearrealmonograms,
1. field,theotherbeneaththethrone.Apparently,
the mintat Damascuswas now goingthrougha
periodof unusualactivity. The reasonis not far
theplaceof
to seek. It hadto supplyforDemetrius
thelostmintat thecapitalofAntioch.In EIIP, as
was
we haveseenabove,themintat Ake-Ptolemais
and greatcoiningactivitybegunin
also reopened,
thefinances
ofDemetrius.
orderto assistyetfurther
At Damascus,the coinagecontinuesinto ZIIP,
is added to
whena thirdmagistrate's
monogram
the fieldof thecoin (Nos. 76-7). This is thelast
reign. The disastrous
campaign
yearofDemetrius'
the
usurperAlexanderproceededuntil
against
suffered
his finaldefeatbeforethewalls
Demetrius
of Damascus,probablyin the springof 125 B. C.
He fledto Ake-Ptolemais,
onlyto be turnedaway
Cleopatraand to meethisdeath
bytheexasperated
in theharborofTyre.
on shipboard
An accompanying
bronzecoinageat Damascus
be
represented
by the type describedin
may
Pl. XXII, 10andtheBritish
Babelon,Nos. 1189-92,
MuseumCatalogue,Pl. XXI, 11. The knownspecimensareall datedAIIP. Theirfabricis Syrianand
56
thestylenotunlikethatofthesilvercoinsdescribed
in themattercan hardlybe atabove. Certainty
taineduntilmoreprovenance
recordsthanare at
availabletothewriter
canbe secured.
present
ALEXANDER II ZEBINA
Reignin Damascus,125-123B. C.
Year 125B. C.
78. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Diademedhead of Alexanderto r. Fillet
border.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 on r., AAEEANAPOY on 1.
Zeus,nakedto waist,seatedto 1.uponthrone,
holding
r. andresting
Nikeinhisoutstretched
1.uponsceptre.
In outer1. field, . Beneaththrone,t. In the
MP.
exergue,
Coll.,Sotheby
Sale,Dec. 1896,No. 557,
a) Bunbury
PI. v,gr.16.26;) NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1359,
PI. 52( = EggerSaleXLV,Nov.1913,No. 719,PI.xx),
gr.15.77,PLATE X; ) Paris,No.
gr.16.31;7) Newell,
1274,gr. 16.10,PI. xxiii,3.
Year 125-124B. C.
79. Tetradrachm
Obv
to thepreceding.
. Similar
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
In 1.field, or .
Beneath
HIIP.
throne,gl. In theexergue,
a) EggerSale,Jan.1908,No. 630,gr. 16.49,PI. xix;
McCleanColl.,Vol.Ill, No. 9334,gr.
) Cambridge,
16.63,PI. 341,8, PLATE X; y) Paris,No. 1275,gr.
14.40;5) Glasgow,HunterColl.,Vol. Ill, p. 91, No.
McCleanColl.,
1,gr. 16.32,PI. lxix,6; e) Cambridge,
Vol. Ill, No. 9333,gr. 16.23,PI. 341,7; F) Newell,
gr.15.42.
57
, d-e are fromthesameobversedie,but on the

differs
reverse
of e themonogram
beneaththethrone
inform,
andthedateis offflan.
slightly
80. Drachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2onther.,AAEEANAPOTonthe
1. Doublecornucopiae
boundwitha diadem.In inner
HIIP.
1.field, . In inner
r.field,i. In theexergue,
Newell,gr.3.91,PLATE X.
Year 124-123B. C.
81. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
toNo.78.
Rev. Similarto No. 78. In outer1.field,l9f. Beidi. In theexergue,
0IIP.
neaththrone,
Aliottede la FueColl.,CianiSale,Feb. 1925,No.
904,gr.16.07,Pl. 16,PLATEX.
82.. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
tothepreceding.
Inouter1.field,
to thepreceding.
Rev, Similar
|$f.
or RS. In theexergue,
IIP.
Beneath
throne,
dela FueColl.,CianiSale,Feb. 1925,No.
a) Aliotte
905,gr.16.10,Pl. 16;) NavilleSaleX,June1925,No.
1360,gr.16.08,Pl. 52,PLATEX.
83. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
In outer1.field,
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding.
|f.
0IIP.
Beneath
Si or W. In theexergue,
throne,
a) NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1361,gr.16.30,PI.
Sale 13,Feb. 1935,No. 1466,gr.
52; ) Schlessinger
16.30,PI. 52; 7) Electrotype;
) Newell,gr. 16.07,
PLATE X; e) Paris,No. 1276,gr.15.45;f) Glasgow,
Hunter
58
Year 123-122B. C.
84. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
In outer1.field, .
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
*IP.
Beneath
13. In theexergue,
throne,
No.
Walcher
de
Molthein
Coll.,
3043,
gr.16.30,PI.
a)
xxviii;) NavilleSaleX,June1925,No. 1362,gr.16.43,
PI. 52; 7) Newell,gr.16.57,PLATE X; 5) Paris,No.
NumisAmerican
1277,gr.16.00;e) Newell,
gr.16.67; /r)
maticSociety,
gr.15.90.
7, e and are fromthesameobversebutdifferent
dies.
reverse
85. Tetradrachm
tothepreceding.
Obv. Similar
In outer1.field,W.
tothepreceding.
Rev. Similar
&. In theexergue,
^P.
Beneath
throne,
a) Newell,
gr.16.10,PLATE X; ) Yakountchikoff,
Coins(in Russian),p. 41, No. 105,PI.
Unpublished
viii,gr.14.56.
For threefullyearsthe mintof Damascus,now
proceededto strikecoinsforits new master. In
of designtheyare
style,fabricand arrangement
exactlysimilarto thoseofDemetrius.As is natural
enough,theissuesofthevictorstartout underthe
whocontinuein office
auspicesof twonewofficials
beto theyear0IIP. At thattime,themonogram
neaththethrone
is changedand thenewincumbent
of the year and
continuesthroughthe remainder
finalissueat
intothenext. JustbeforeAlexander's
is replacedby a new
Damascus,this magistrate
man (No. 82). Throughout
theseyears,thechief
(whosemonogram
magistrate
appearsin the outer
59
1. field)remainsthe same, since and f are

probablybut variantsof one monogram.In the
year 4P, the issuescometo an abruptend,forin
123-2B. C. Alexander
was utterly
defeatedby the
suicide.
VIII, and committed
youngAntiochus
bronze
We maypossiblyhave an accompanying
coinageindicated
bythepiecein theHunterCollection,Vol. Ill, p. 95, No. 40, Pl. LXIX, 12,whose
is notunlikethatofthechiefmagisfif,
monogram,
oursilvercoins. Thelatterdisplaytwo
tratesigning
slightlyvariantstylesof workmanship.One is
quite good (Cf. PLATE X, Nos. 78-80,82), but
withyear0IIP, is graduallyreplaced
commencing
are verylow
by a stylewhosechiefcharacteristics
flatfabric,
carelessand uninteresting
relief,
drawing
(cf.PLATE X, Nos. 83-85).
CLEOPATRAAND ANTIOCHUSVIII
Reignin Damascus122-120B. C.
Year 122-121B. C.
86. Tetradrachm
and Antiochus
Obv. Diademedbustsof Cleopatra
VIII jugateto r. Filletborder.
Rev. BA2IAI22H2 KAE0IIATPA2 OEAS in
threelineson r., KAI BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOT in
to 1.,
threelineson1. Zeus,nakedto waist,enthroned
1. upon
r. and resting
holdingNikein outstretched
& . In
throne,
sceptre.In outer1.field,& . Beneath
A*IP.
theexergue,
London,PLATE X.
60
Year 121-120B. C.
87. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.In outer1.field,#.
Beneaththrone, In theexergue,
B^P.
a) Paris,No. 1359,gr.16.45;) BurelColl.,FeuardentSale,June1913,No. 343,PI. vi; 7) ButlerColl.,
Sale,July1911,No. 270,PI. vi; 8) CahnSale
Sotheby
65,Oct. 1929,No. 261,PL 8 (= CahnSale 60,July
Sale
1928,No. 1049,PI. 16),gr.16.55;c) Schlessinger
13,Feb. 1935,No. 1470,gr. 15.70,PI. 52; F) Naville
Sale X, June 1925,No. 1380,gr. 16.34,PI. 53;
No. 3,gr.16.26;rf)Fenerly
f) London,
BeyColl.,Egger
PI.xx;0)Newell
SaleXLI,Nov.1912,No.736,gr.16.27,
dela FueColl.,CianiSale,Feb.1925,No.914,
(Aliotte
Pl. 16),gr.16.68,PLATEXI (Theobverses
of87and88
havebecomeinterchanged
on theplate);0 Glasgow,
Hunter
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p. 97,No.2,gr.15.38.
thesameobverse
die. $*,17and0
7, 5,,f,arefrom
arefrom
another
obverse
die.
88. Tetradrachm
/
Obv
to thepreceding.
. Similar
&.
Rev. Similar
Beneath
AN. In theexergue,
B^P.
throne,
a) Paris,No. 1360,gr. 15.50;) NavilleSale X,
June1925,No. 1381,gr.16.44,PI. 53; 7) Hamburger
Sale,June1930,No. 851,gr. 16.38,PI. 25; )Newell,
of87and88 have
gr.16.45,PLATE XI (Theobverses
becomeinterchanged
on theplate.).
thesameobverse
die.
7 andarefrom
No DamasceneissuesforCleopatraandAntiochus
VIII are yet knownforthe year <IP,- probably
in thatcity. It maybe thatthe defeatof
theirfirst
Alexanderand the acquisitionof Damascus came
too late in thatSeleucidyearto allowtimeforthe
ofdiesand thecoining
ofmoney. Even
preparation
AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 61

theissuesofA^P seemto be rare,as onlyonespecimen has so far been recorded. In contrast,the
issuesforB*3Pare wellrepresented
today.
The typesarethesameas employed
at bothAkePtolemaisand Antioch,
but thestyleis poorerand
very similarto that foundon the last issuesof
forDamascus. OtherDamascenepeculiAlexander
aritiesare also noticeable,
suchas thedate in the
and thepresence
in the1.fieldand beneath
exergue,
the throneof two complicated
monograms.It is
to notethattheone beneaththethrone
interesting
on Nos. 86 and 87 is absolutely
identicalwiththe
seenin thesamepositionon the tetramonogram
drachmNo. 19 ofAke-Ptolemais.
As thisis theonly
occurrence
ofa monogram
beneaththethrone
onthe
coinsof that particularmintduringthe reignof
Cleopatra,thepiecemayactuallyhavebeenstruck
at Damascuswherethereis alwaysa monogram
beneaththethrone.In thatcase we mustsuppose
thattheofficialj,who signedso manyissuesat
had been temporarily
transferred
Ake-Ptolemais,
in orderto reorganize
theDamascusmintand start
it coiningfor his mistress.He signedthe first
issue (No. 19) only,and thenreturned
to his own
mintwhereweagainfindhismonogram
on thecoins
of yearsB^P and PIP. On the otherhand,the
styleof No. 19 seemsmorein keepingwiththe
than it is withthoseof
issues of Ake-Ptolemais
Damascus. If so, thenit was probably4* wholeft
mintand wentto Damascus.
thePhoenician
Damascenebronzecoinsseemstillto be lacking
forthejointreignofCleopatraandAntiochus
VIII.
62
Oftheirissuesinthebasemetal,therearealtogether
butfivetypesknown.Oneofthesewe havelearned
emanatedfromthe mintat Ake-Ptolemais
(above
Nos. 10, 11, 17). Two othertypes(a: Paris,PI.
XXIV, 3-4; London,Pl. XXIII, 5. b: Paris,PI.
XXIV, 6; London,Pl. XXIII, 7) certainly
belong
to theAntiochmint.12The remaining
two(a: Paris,
Pl. XXIV, 8; London,Pl. XXIII, 4. b: Paris,PI.
XXIV, 9; Hunter,Pl. LXIX, 17) are notofSyrian
but of Cilicianfabricand so,perhaps,
shouldbe assignedto themintat Tarsus.
ANTIOCHUSVIII
FirstReignin Damascus,120-113B. C.
Year 120-119B. C.
89. Tetradrachm
Obv. Diademedhead of Antiochus
to r. Fillet
border.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOTin twolineson r.f
EIII<l>ANOY2
on 1. ZeusUranius,
nude,
completely
starin outstretched
standing
facingto 1.,holding
r.,
1.uponsceptre.In outer1.field,
APaboveAN.
resting
In the exergue,
T^P. The wholesurrounded
by a
laurelwreath.
a ) Paris,No. 1379,gr.16.25,PI. xxiv,11;) Naville
SaleX,June1925,No. 1391,
gr.16.44,PL 53;7) Naville
SaleX,June1925,No. 1392,gr.16.50,PL 54;5) Newell,
gr.16.49;e) Newell,
gr.15.93,PLATEXI.
ot-eareallfrom
thesameobverse
die.
90. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
1*Newell,
loc.cit.,
pp.91-2.
63

butwithAP above
ES. Date,PP.
McCleanColl.,Vol.Ill, No.9341,gr.
a) Cambridge,
16.46,PI. 342,3; ) NavilleSale X, June1925,No.
1389,gr. 15.96,PI. 53; 7) NavilleSale X, June1925,
No. 2,gr.15.94,
No. 1390,gr.16.15,PI. 53;8) London,
PLATE XI; e) Glasgow,
HunterColl.,Vol.Ill, p. 99,
PI.lxix,18.
No.2,gr.16.41,
thesameobverse
die. $ is from
a, , and arefrom
thesameobverse
dieas No. 89 a-e.
91. Tetradrachm
tothepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding,
butwith& aboveKV.
Date T4P.
Sale,March1931,No. 1163,gr.16.40,
a) Glendining
PI. xxx;) Schlessinger
Sale 13,Feb. 1935,No. 1472,
gr.16.48,PLATE XI;
gr.30 (sic !), PI. 52; 7) Newell,
HunterColl.,
) London,No. 3, gr.16.13;e) Glasgow,
Vol.Ill, p. 99,No. 3,gr.16.10.
die.
thesameobverse
a~yareallfrom
Year 119-118B. C.
92. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.In inner1.field,&
A^P.
In theexergue,
above
NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1395,gr. 16.32,PI.
54,PLATEXI.
93. Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
butwithAP above
ES. Date A^P.
Newell,
gr.16.19,PLATEXI.
94. Tetradrachm
tothepreceding.
Obv. Similar
64

butwithAP above
T. Date,AqP.
PI. 54;) Paris,No. 1380,gr.16.40;7) NavilleSaleX,
June1925,No. 1394,gr.16.25,PI. 54; 6) LuneauColl.,
PiattSale,March1922,No. 750,PI. xvi;) Newell,
gr.
No.
16.33;f) Newell,
gr.16.44,PLATE XI; t) London,
Mrs.
E.
T.
Newell,
4, gr.16.46;17)
gr.15.96;17)Glasgow,
Hunter
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p. 99,No.4,gr.16.52.
as No. 92. a and
the
same
obverse
die
are
from
y-f
die.
1Jarefrom
another
obverse
95. Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
and withthesame
butnodate.
twomonograms,
dela FueColl.,CianiSale,Feb. 1925,No.
a) Aliotte
PLATE XII;
926, gr. 16.20,PI. 16; ) Commerce,
Numismatic
y) American
Society,
gr.16.40(theupper
on thispieceappearsto be IA).
monogram
thesameobverse
dieas Nos.92and
a and arefrom
94 y-f.
Year 118-117B. C.
SeriesI
96. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similarto thepreceding.
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In inner1.field,^
E4P.
aboveifif.In theexergue,
a) Paris,No. 1381,gr. 15.90;) London,No. 5, gr.
) Newell,gr. 16.38,PLATE
16.19;y) Commerce;
XII; e) NavilleSale I, Apr.1921,No. 3012,gr. 16.27,
PI.lxxxix.
refromthesameobversedie,nowveryslightly
as Nos.92,93,y-f,95.
touched,
SeriesII
97. Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv
. Similar
65
butZeusis draped.
anddate.
Samemonograms
No. 6,gr.16.45;) NavilleSaleX, June
a) London,
1925,No. 1398,PI. 54(= NavilleSaleI, Apr.1921,No.
3013,PI.lxxxix),
gr.16.40;7) NavilleSaleX, June1925,
No. 1397,gr.16.30,PI.54;)Newell,
gr.16.48,PLATE
McCleanColl.,Vol.Ill, No. 9342,
XII; e) Cambridge,
gr.16.32,PI. 342,4.
thesameobverse
dieas No. 96f. y, and
is from
e arefrom
another
die.
obverse
98. Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
withthesamemonoRev. Similar
tothepreceding,
gramsbutno date.
NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1404,PI. 54 ( =
NavilleSale V, June1923,No. 2814,PI. lxxviii= Sir
HermanWeberColl.,Vol. Ill, 2, No. 7927,PI. 290),
gr.16.37,PLATEXII.
Thisis fromthesameobversedie as thefollowing
No. 99 .
Year 117-116B. C.
99. Tetradrachm
tothepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.In inner1.field,Q
aboveA . In theexergue,
^P.
a) London,No. 7,gr.16.41;) Paris,No. 1384,gr.
Sale,March1931,No. 1164,gr.
16.60;y) Glendining
16.23,Pl. XXX
(= NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1400,
PI.54);5)Newell,
gr.16.30;e)Newell,
gr.16.32;f) Newell,gr.16.27,PLATEXII; f) Newell,
gr.16.27;v) GlasColl.,Vol.Ill, p. 100,No.9,gr.15.83.
gow,Hunter
thesamedieas No. 98. e andf are
y andarefrom
fromanother
obversedie.
Year 116-115B. C.
100.Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
66
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.In 1.innerfield,^
X4P.
ar-)Paris,Nos. 1389and 1390,gr.16.25and 16.00;
y) Newell,
gr.16.17,PLATE XII.
The coinin CahnSale 84,Nov. 1933,No. 416,gr.
a modern
13.78,PL 14,is surely
forgery.
101.Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
W
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.In 1.innerfield,
above& . Date,I^P.
a) NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1401,gr.15.69,PI.
Coll.,No.
54, PLATE XII; ) Walcherde Molthein
3051,gr.16.52,Pl.xxviii.
102.Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.In 1.innerfield,W
aboveEX. Date,I^P.
a) Paris,No. 1394,gr. 16.30;) Newell,gr. 16.28;
PLATEXI I ;)NavilleSaleX,June
7) Newell,
gr.16.57,
1925,No. 1402,gr.15.77,PI. 54; e) Newell,gr. 16.15;
f) Newell,gr. 15.41.
dieas No. 101/3.
thesameobverse
andy arefrom
die.
obverse
another
5,andf arefrom
Year 115-114B. C.
103.Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.In 1.innerfield,W
Rev. Similar
H*IP.
aboveEX. In theexergue,
So described
, p. 181,
by E. Babelon,Roisde Syrie
No. 1395. The castof thiscoin,kindlysentby M.
No.
showsitto be thefollowing
variety,
JeanBabelon,
been
of No. 103has,however,
104. The description
as thereseemsto be no realreasonwhysuch
retained
a varietyshouldnotoncehaveexisted.This state-
67
mentis premised
on No. 102andthefactthatat the
VIII thesamepair
DamascusmintunderAntiochus
ofmagistrates
signedcoinsfortwoor more
frequently
yearsinsuccession.
104.Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Nff
In 1.inner
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
field,
HÎP.
aboveH. In theexergue,
a) Newell,gr. 14.82;) HessSale 207,Dec. 1931,
No. 676,PI. 16 (= NavilleSale X, June1925,No.
1403,PI. 54),gr. 16.20;7) Newell,gr. 16.42,PLATE
HunterColl.,Vol. Ill, p. 100,No.
XIII; 5) Glasgow,
note).
10,gr.16.08;c) Paris,No. 1395(seepreceding
die.
thesameobverse
andyarefrom
Year 114-113B. C.
105.Tetradrachm
Obv
tothepreceding.
. Similar
tothepreceding.In 1.inner
Rev. Similar
field,Nfl
aboveKH. In theexergue,
a) Newell,gr. 16.51,PLATE XIII; ) Glasgow,
Hunter
theissuesof
AfterCleopatrahad beenremoved,
AntiochusVIII appearat Damascusin his name
alone and with his usual reversetype of Zeus
a starinhisoutnudeandholding
Uranius,
standing
stretched
& (somerighthand. Two magistrates,
timesin theformAP) andAN,whohadfunctioned
underCleopatra,carryoverontotheissuesof the
newreign.
From120to 113B. C., thecoinageofAntiochus
in an orderly
and uninVIII at Damascusproceeds
terruptedfashion,year by year. At least one
68
magistrate,sometimestwo or three,carryover
theseries.
fromtheold to thenewyearthroughout
ofobversediesdoingthe
We also possessinstances
thatall
same. Therecan be littledoubt,therefore,
the issues
the varietiescataloguedabove represent
ofstyleand fabricpoint
ofa singlemint. Identity
to thisconclusion.
As before,
thecoinsare dated- withbut twoexthemonoNos.
ceptions, 95and98. Since,however,
gramsborneby thesecoinsare identicalwithones
foundon thedatedpieces,and as in eachcase there
of obversedies, we may be
is also a community
certainthat these undatedspecimensemanated
fromthe same mintas the dated ones. Under
DemetriusII, the numberof magistratesfunctioningforeach fullyearat Damascuswas usually
four. Under AlexanderII and Cleopatra,the
fellto an averageofthree. Withtheopennumber
to
VI II's solereign,theyincreased
ingofAntiochus
fouragain forthe firsttwoyears(PIP and A4P),
fellto twoin E^P and ^P, increased
againtofour
in Z*P and H^P. Only two are knownforthe
finalyear (0<IP) of his firstreignat Damascus.
coinsare extremely
Becausetheseparticular
rare,
the appearanceof new specimensmay alter the
record. On the otherhand,AntiochusVIII may
have ruledat Damascusforonlya portionof that
yearbeforethecitywas seizedby his halfbrother
AntiochusIX Cyzicenus.
at "about
Bevan13
placestheattackofCyzicenus
*3Loc.cit..
Histoire
desSleuVol.II. p.253.Bouch-Leclercq,
ofCyzicenus
in117therebellion
likewise
602,
cides,
places
pp.402,

116B. C." Evenifthisbe so,Antiochus
IX gotno
holdonanyoftheSyrian,Phoenician
or Palestinian
mintsstriking
datedcoinsuntiltheyear113B. C.,
at theearliest.At Antioch,
we havecoinsbothof
Grypusand of Cyzicenusdated in IP.14At
Damascus and Ake-Ptolemais,
also, we findthe
latestdateon thecoinsof Grypusto be 04P. The
earliestdate of Cyzicenusat Damascusis 2, while
at Ake-Ptolemais
it is AS. The evidencefurnished
minor
and
more
mintsis a
by
intermittently
coining
littlemoreequivocal. The latestknowndate of
Grypusat Sidonis IMP, at Ascalonit is Z*TP. But
the earliestcoinsof CyzicenusknownforSidon15
and Ascalon16
bearthedate 2. In thelightof the
evidencefromthe largerand moreprolific
mints,
thisis significant.
Thusby 113-112B. C., thehold
on hiskingdom
byGrypushadbecomeso weakened
that he retired17
to Aspendusto recouphis power
and raisefreshtroopsofmercenaries
fora renewed
trialofstrength.
116B.C. There
isnonumismatic
evidence
tosupport
these
dates,
ofAntiochus
IX dated
asthepretended
coins
^P andZ*IP(de
Lesmonnaies
desSleucides,
dates
Saulcy,
onlyon
p. 72based
Mionnet
andSestini)
donotexist.Theearliest
known
dated
coin
ofAntiochus
IX wasstruck
intheyear
B.C.
flP,or114-113
14Newell,
loc.cit.,
pp.95and97.
15Rouvier
int.d'arch.
Vol.5, 1902,
num.,
{Jour.
p. 132),Nos.
No.1467.
Paris,
1280-1;
1#
ImhoofMonnaies
Blumer,
grecques,
p. 436,No.118;Choix,
Pl.VII,222.
17Bevan,
loc.cit.,
p.255.
70

ANTIOCHUS IX CYZICENUS
FirstRulein Damascus,113-circa109B. C.
Year 113-112B. C.
106.Tetradrachm
IX to r. Fillet
Obv. DiademedheadofAntiochus
border.
Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOYin twolineson r.,
Athenastanding
to
IAOIIATOPOS
on 1. Helmeted
1. on
r. and resting
r., holdingNikein outstretched
shieldand spear. In 1. field,& above ES. In the
S. Thewhole
surrounded
bya laurelwreath.
exergue,
HunterColl.,Vol. Ill, p.
a) London;) Glasgow,
104,No. 4, gr. 16.50;7) Newell,gr. 16.35;8) Newell,
gr. 16.28,PLATE XIII.
thesameobverse
die.
7 and5arefrom
107.Tetradrachm
. Similar
tothepreceding.
Obv
Rev. Similar
In 1.field,M above
to thepreceding.
ED. Date S.
Sale, March1910,No.
Coll.,Santamaria
a) Hartwig
824,PI. xv;) NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1461,gr.
15.83,PI. 57(= EggerSale,Jan.1908,No. 653,PI.xx);
7) Newell,
gr.16.45,PLATEXIII.
Year 112-111B. C.
108.Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
to thepreceding.In 1.field,f above
Rev. Similar
AS.
ES. In theexergue
PI. 57; ) Dresden;7) Prof.Sir CharlesOmanColl.;
)Newell,gr. 16.36,PLATE XIII.
a is from
thesameobverse
dieas No. 106,7, 5.
71
109.Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
In 1.field, above
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
n. Date AS.
a) Prof.Sir CharlesOmanColl.;) Aliottede la
FiieColl.,CianiSale,Feb. 1925,No. 939,gr. 14.90,
Pl. 17; 7) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1458,gr.
14.80,Pl. 57;S) Newell,
gr.16.32,
gr.15.84;e) Newell,
PLATE XIII.
die.
thesameobverse
a and7-earefrom
Year 111-110B. C.
110.Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv
. Similar
In 1.field, above
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
BS.
AT. In theexergue,
a) Newell,gr. 16.15;) Newell,gr. 16.15,PLATE
5) Newell,
XIII; 7) Athens;
gr.16.56,PLATE XIII.
die. 7 and are
thesameobverse
a and arefrom
obversedie.
fromanother
issueswhichwe possess
As statedabove,thefirst
IX Cyzicenusare dated
at DamascusofAntiochus
of
S (113-112B. C.). Theybear the monograms
but withno morethantwoapthreemagistrates,
on anyonecoin,as wastheusualpracticeat
pearing
the
Damascus. One of these,ES, may represent
officiated
under
whohadpreviously
samemagistrate
Grypusduringthe yearsPP18 and A*P.19The
ones forCyzicenus:
typesused are the customary
Athenasuron theobverse;a standing
his portrait
roundedbya laurelwreathon thereverse.
but
In theyearAS, we againfindES working,
1
MNo.90.
No.93.
72
now withtwo new associates. Of these, ? was

forhismonogram
thechiefmintmaster,
apparently
and is alwaysplacedabove
appearson all specimens
in BS, after
the others. He continues
to officiate
whichno moresilvercoinsofCyzicenusare known
forthe Damascusmint. As, likewise,no coinsof
GrypusforDamascushave turnedup datedin the
yearrs, we cannotbe certainwhetherCyzicenus
managedto maintainhisholdon thecitythroughout thatyearor had to cedeit to hisbrother.The
latter's Damasceneissues begin again with the
yearAS.
Bevanis correctin questioning20
Babelon'scateDamascus
that
was
thecapital
statement,21
gorical
of AntiochusIX. Even now that we are forthe
firsttimeenabledto dividesuch Attic issues of
as werenotstruckat Antiochor Tarsus,
Cyzicenus
betweenDamascus and Ake-Ptolemais,
and althoughwe now possessmanymorevarietiesthan
wereat Babelon'sdisposal,thecoinsdo notreveal
clearly whetherDamascus, rather than Akewas Cyzicenus'
realcapital. It maywell
Ptolemais,
have been so, forthe citywas not so exposedto
attacksfromthe sea as was Ake-Ptolemais.On
theotherhand,thelatterplacewouldbe moreimmuneto landattacksthanwas Damascus. All that
thecoinscan teachus definitely,22
is thatAntiochus
IX was masterof thesetwocitiesfromtheyearS
BS (111-110B. C.).
(113-112B. C.) through
20Loc.cit.,
3.
p.255,note
21Loc.cit.,
p.clxi.
22Bevan's
note
"Numismatic
data
ibid.,
stricture,
3,that
p.255,
73
ANTIOCHUSVIII GRYPUS
SecondReigninDamascus,
after109B. C.
Year 109-108B. C.
111.Tetradrachm
headofAntiochus
VIII tor. Fillet
Obv. Diademed
border.
Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOTin twolineson r.,
EIII4>ANOTSon 1. Zeus Uranius,
draped,standing
starinoutstretched
to 1.,holding
r.andresting
facing
1.uponsceptre.In 1.field, aboveXH. In theexAS.
ergue,apparently
Newell,
gr.15.93,PLATE XIV.
112.Tetradrachm
tothepreceding.
Obv
. Similar
In 1.field, above
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
buton appearstohavebeen
X. Thedateis illegible,
AS.
ce)NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1409,gr. 16.08,
PI. 55; ) Newell,
gr.15.77,PLATE XIV.
hasunfortunately
liable
tobemisleading"
toa
been,
are,ofcourse,
inthepast,
were
true.Students
notalways
extent
certain
perfectly
tooprone
andrather
tomake
about
their
careful
readings
conjecown
orupon
their
based
tures
insufficiently
suppositions
upon
prenotbeing
forthe
orauthenticated
served
Historians,
specimens.
cannot
sense
thenumismatic
most
numismatists,
always
pitpart
orlessestablished
as more
facts.
andsoaccept
conjectures
falls,
coinspresent
definite
andperfectly
and
legible
Well-preserved
much
surer
than
data,usually
literary
contemporary
dependable,
arefrequently
distorted
which
sources
bythetendential
writing
vitiated
authors
themselves
andfurther
oftheancient
bydoubtful
ofeditorial
errors
andtwenty
centuries
emendascribal
readings,
tions.
74
YEAR108-107B. C.
113.Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
In 1.field,If above
r * (almostcertainly
XH. In theexergue,
ES).
PLATE
XIV.
Newell,
16.55,
gr.
Thiscoinis from
thesameobverse
dieas No. 111.
Year 104-103B. C.
114.Tetradrachm
Obv, Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Same inscription
as on the preceding.Zeus
nakedtowaist,enthroned
to1. In outer1.
Nikephorus,
A aboveS, above . Beneaththrone,
field,
FH. In
theexergue,
02.
Oman( Numismatic
Chronicle
a) SirCharles
, 4thSer.,
Vol.XVII, 1917,PI. viii,7), PLATE XIV; ) Newell
thedateandonemonogram
areoff
(onthisspecimen,
flan),gr.16.38,PLATE XIV.
The returnof GrypusfromAspendushas been
datedby Bevan23
in theyear 111-110B. C. (BS).
At Damascus,however,
we havefoundthecoinsof
BS stillbearingthenameand typesof Cyzicenus.
The succeeding
yearremainsto us a blank,so faras
Damascusis concerned,
forwe have no coinsat all
fromits mintbearingthe date TS. But in AS,
the faceand nameof Grypusreappear(No. 111).
At least,whatremainsof the exergualdate ( *ML)
on thesingleknownspecimencan onlybe readas
AS. It cannotbe AS, thesolealternative,
as that
year is pre-empted
by coins of Cyzicenus(Nos.
2Loc.cit.,
loc
. cit.,
p.255.SeealsoNewell,
pp.103-5.
75
the unusuallyflatreliefof
108-9). Furthermore,
No. Ill is nearestin qualityto No. 1108. As indicated by its degenerate
styleand bad die-cutting
thefarbetter
notprecede,
No. 111 can onlyfollow,
at Damascus. The chiefmagisissuesofCyzicenus
trateIf of Cyzicenus'
yearsAS and BS, carrieson
underGrypusfortwoyearsmore,thatis, through
years AS and ES. Then therecomesa definite
ofany
at ourdisposal,thefirst
breakin thematerial
in
Whether
Cyzicethirty-one
years.
consequence
nus was able to recoverDamascus,or whether
Grypusstillheldontothecity,wedo notknow.
available(No. 114),stillbears
The nextspecimen
ofGrypus. It is
thenameand well-known
features
dated0S, or 104-103B. C. But now the reverse
to maketheissuesofDamastypehasbeenchanged,
cusconform
withthoseofthemoreimportant
mint,
Antioch.There,a similar
type
changeinthereverse
had takenplaceat aboutthistime.24The standing
Zeus Uranius,a typewhichhad forso longbeen
peculiarto the coin issuesof Grypus,is now replaced by the moreusual seated Zeus Olympius
Nikein
holdinga tinywingedand wreath-bearing
in
hand. But whileconforming
his outstretched
Da114
remains
of
No.
the
typically
style
type,
fromthatprevamascene,differing
fundamentally
The date is stillto be foundin
lentat Antioch.25
in the
theexergue.In additionto themonograms
1. field,we findanothermonogram,
KH, placedbe2<Newell,
. cit.,
loc
pp.105-7.
Pl.XXVI,3;
loc.cit.,
Pl.XII,405,407;London,
Cf.Newell,
Pl.XXV,9.
Paris,
76
neaththe throne. Underthe succeedingkingsof

has
Damascus,we shall notethat thismonogram
becomealmosta fixture
on itssilverissues.
No. 114 remainsthe last knownsilvercoin of
Grypuswhichwe possessfromtheDamascusmint.
Curiouslyenough,thereare also no moreknown
silverissuesof Cyzicenuswhichby theirstyleor
could be assignedto this city. Did
monograms
Grypushold Damascus,or did Cyzicenus?Who
can tell? Historians,
ofJosephus,26
on theauthority
supposethatthefinaldecadeofthesecondcentury
a period
and theearlyyearsof the first,
represent
of tacit peace betweenthe two brothers,
due to
theirutterexhaustion. TheybelievethatGrypus
thesouth.ForDamascus,
heldthenorth,
Cyzicenus
we possessno numismatic
evidenceofsucha situation,althoughwe do knownow that Grypuswas
rulingtherein the years 109-8,108-7and 104-3
heldit fortheremainder
ofthe
B. C. If Cyzicenus
his capital,as Babelon
time,and it constituted
claims,it seems passingstrangethat this long
activemintdid not coin
establishedand hitherto
silverin his name. On theotherhand,Cyzicenus
appearsto haveissuedbutlittlesilverat all during
of
thisperiod. We possessonlythe tetradrachm
Ake-Ptolemais
(No. 51) datedin 2 (107-6 B. C.),
a tetradrachm27
datedHS (105-4B. C.) whosetypes
point to Tripolisin Phoeniciaor to Elaeusa in
issuesof Tarsus
Cilicia,and some verylate-style28
MAntiquit.,
XIII,327.
27Numismatic
4thSer.,
Vol.XIX,1919,
Pl.X,7.
Chronicle,
Ibid.,pp.213-5.
77
whichmayperhapsbelongto thisperiod. He does

not coinsilveragain prolifically
untilthelast two
yearsofhislifewhenhe oncemoresecuredthemint
ofAntiochon hisbrother's
deathin 96 B. C.
The lackofa silvercoinageof Cyzicenusforthe
be
periodfrom107/6to 98 B. C., mayreasonably
of his resources.
attributed
to theutterexhaustion
war between
But thedireresultsof thefratricidal
in thecase
thetwobrothers
also
be
recognized
may
of Grypus,who,duringthe years 108-96B. C.,
strucksilveronlyat Antiochand the one Damascene issue heredescribed(No. 114). Apparently
hisdepletedtreasury,
too,allowedonlyone mintto
remaincontinuously
active.
If Cyzicenusreallyheld Damascusat any time
after107B. C., itis possiblethathisrathercommon
bustofEros,
bronzecoinsofSyrianfabric(obverse,
reverse,Nike)29mightbe assignedto this city.
The authenticated
dates whichtheybear,namely
AS, BS, ES, AIS, BIS, wouldnot be inimicalto
thesuggestion.A fewofthesecoinshaveturnedup
in the Princetonexcavationsat Antioch,while
anotherwas foundin the Harvardexcavationsat
records
are notavailSamaria.30Otherprovenance
thequestionhad bestbe leftin
able. Consequently,
abeyance. The sameappliesto a possibleassignmentto DamascusofSyrianbronzecoinsofGrypus
whichdisplayhisradiateheadon theobverse,and
on thereverse;31
or thepieces
a wingedthunderbolt
2Paris,
Pl.XXV,
9.
Pl.XXVI,
4;London,
*oHarvard
Excavations
atSamaria
,Vol.I,p.263,No.32,PI.62,
No.99.
Paris,
Pl.XXIV,
6.
Pl.XXV,11;London,
78
havinghis laureateportraiton one side and the

ofZeusUraniuson theother.81
standing
figure
DEMETRIUS III
inDamascus,96-87B. C.
Reigned
Year 96-95B. C.
115.Tetradrachm
III to
Obv
. Diademed,
beardedheadofDemetrius
r. Filletborder.
Rev, BASIAES AHMHTPIOT 0EOT in three
lineson r.,3>IA0IAT0P022QTHP0Y in twolines
on 1. Archaic,
witharms
facingagalmaof Atargatis
in her1.hand. Her headis
flower
extended,
holding
veiledand at timesapparently
radiate,and fromit
knotted
fillets
dependtwolong,frequently
endingin
tassels. Behindeachshoulder
risesa stalkofbarley.
.
In outer1.field,
HE
A. abovef . In theexergue,
Thewholeissurrounded
bya laurelwreath.
a) London,No. 1,gr. 15.70;) HelbingSale, Nov.
1928,No. 4084,gr.15.40,PI. 74;7) CahnSale 71,Oct.
1931,No. 557,gr. 15.60,PI. 17; 6) Newell,gr. 15.64,
PLATE XIV.
thesameobverse
die.
y-arefrom
116.Tetradrachm
Obv
tothepreceding.
. Similar
Rev. Similar
tothepreceding.In 1.field,
A above
N. In theexergue,
IIS
.
PI. 62 (= RattoSale, April1909,No. 4921,PI. xix);
) Newell,
gr.15.46,PLATE XIV.
a and arefrom
thesameobverse
die.
a Paris,
PI.xxv,17.
79
117. BronzeUnit
Obv. Radiate,
bearded
headofDemetrius
diademed,
to r. Circleofdots.
as onthepreceding.
Winged
r. holding
wreathin herupraisedr.
Nikeadvancing
and palmin 1. In outer1.field, . In theexergue,
IIS.
RogersColl.,gr. 6.25.
117a. BronzeUnit
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
but aboveN in
1.field.
E. Zygman
Coll.,gr.7.22.
118. BronzeHalf
Obv
. Diademedheadof Demetrius
to r. Circleof
dots.
as onthepreceding.
Hermes,
holdspalminr.andcaduceusin
nude,standing
facing,
1. In outer1. field,k above
In the exergue,
IIS KH.
a) Newell,gr.3.99,PLATE XIV; ) ? Paris,No.
1574,gr. 4.25.
Year 95-94B. C.
119.Tetradrachm
Obv
Filletborder.
. Similar
tothepreceding.
as onthepreceding.
AtargaN aboveL In the
tisas onNo. 115. In outer1.field,
HIS PI.
exergue,
McCleanColl.,Vol.Ill, No. 9359,gr.
a) Cambridge,
Sale,
15.56,PI. 343,9 (= TobinBushColl.,Sotheby
HunterColl.,Vol.
Nov. 1902,No. 267); ) Glasgow,
Ill, p. 113,No. 1,gr.15.20,PI. lxx,15;y) London,No.
2, gr. 15.97,PLATE XIV.
80
120. BronzeUnit
Obv
. Similar
to No. 117.
Rev. Similar
to No. 117. In outer1.field,k above
HIS.
). In theexergue,
a) London;/&-y)Paris,Nos. 1563,gr. 6.50, Pl.
xxviii,
1,and1566,gr.6.20,PLATEXV.
121. BronzeHalf
Obv
. Similar
to No. 118.
Rev. Similar
to No. 118. In outer1.field, above
X. Date,HIS.
Paris,No. 1575,gr.4.50,PLxxviii,
6,PLATEXV.
122. BronzeHalf
Obv
. Similar
tothepreceding.
Filletborder.
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In outer1.field,N
HIS.
HunterColl.,Vol. Ill, p. 114,No. 6, gr.
Glasgow,
5.18,PI. lxx,16.
Year 94-93B. C.
123.Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
as on No. 119. In outer1.field,N
Rev. Atargatis
OIS
.
above k . In theexergue,
a) Paris,No. 1568,gr.15.10;) London,No. 3, gr.
15.58,PLATE XV; y) NavilleSale X, June1925,No.
1554,gr. 15.77,PI. 62 (= EggerSale,Jan.1908,No.
664,PI. xxi).
124. BronzeUnit
to No. 117.
Obv. Similar
to No. 117. In outer1.field,N above
Rev. Similar
0IS.
A. In theexergue,
81
Newell(purchased
byMrs.AgnesBaldwinBrettat
Petra),gr.7.90,PLATE XV.
125. BronzeHalf
to No. 118.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similarto No. 118. In theexergue,
012.
RogersColl.,gr. 3.63.
Year 92-91B. C.
126.Tetradrachm
to No. 123.
. Similar
Obv
as on No. 123. In outer1.field,
Rev. Atargatis
N
AK2 M .
aboveA. In theexergue,
a) Paris,No. 1569,gr. 15.65,PL xxviii,3; ) R.
Coll.,No. 1763,gr. 15.91,PI. xc; 7) Naville
Jameson
Sale X, June1925,No. 1556,gr. 15.42,PI. 62 ( =
EggerSale XLV, Nov. 1913,No. 745,PI. xx = Egger
Sale,Jan.1908,No. 665,PI. xxi);5) Newell,
gr.12.96
(corroded);e) Newell,gr. 15.13, PLATE XV;
f) NavilleSale X, June1925,No. 1555,gr.16.11,PI.
62 (= Cons.WeberColl., HirschSale XXI, Nov.
1908,No. 4141,PL liv),gr.16.12.
die.
thesameobverse
-earefrom
Year 91-90B. C.
127.Tetradrachm
tothepreceding.
Obv. Similar
A
Rev. Similar
BKS.
aboveE. In theexergue,
NavilleSaleX, June1925,No. 1557,gr.15.09,PL 62,
PLATE XV.
Year 90-89B. C.
128.Tetradrachm
tothepreceding.
Obv. Similar
In theouter1.field,
tothepreceding.
Rev. Similar
TKS Pi .
N aboveA. In theexergue,
No. 4,gr.16.06,PLATE XV.
London,
82
YEAR89-88B. C.
129.Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
tothepreceding.
Rev. Similarto the preceding.In the exergue,
AK2.
Numorum
Doctrina
Vol.Ill, p. 245.
Eckhel,
Veterum,
statesthathe hasseentwo
Babelon,loc.cit.,p. clxxii,
ofthisdateinthecommerce.
specimens
Year 88-87B. C.
130.Tetradrachm
Obv. Similar
to thepreceding.
Rev. Similarto thepreceding.In outer1.field,N
EK2 KN.
above* . Intheexergue,
Leake
Coll.,PLATE XV.
Cambridge,
131. BronzeUnit
Obv. Radiate,bearded
headas onNo. 117.
Obv. Inscription
and wingedNikeas on No. 117.
In outer1.field,
NI above$1. Dateoffflan.
London,gr.5.31,PLATE XV.
In theyear 96 B. C., Grypuswas assassinated,
and chaos again reignedsupremeover the last
oftheoncegreatSeleucidempire.
remaining
portion
AntiochusIX Cyzicenusseized Antiochand inbut was immediately
stalled himselfthere,32
attackedbytheeldestofthesonsofGrypus,
Seleucus
VI. Anotherson,Demetriusby name,leavinghis
numerousbrothersto settle scores, firstwith
82Newell,
loc.cit.,
pp.108-110.
83
andthenwiththelatter'sson,Antiochus
Cyzicenus
and securedDamascus
X, profited
bytheconfusion
withthehelpofPtolemy
kingofCyprus.
Lathyrus,
and immediately
Herehe established
himself
firmly
revivedthecoinageof thisdesertmetropolis.
Silver tetradrachms,
and bronzecoins in two
nowappearedin a steadyflowfrom
denominations,
its mint. Fortunately,
the practiceof datingthe
abandonedat all otherSeleucidmints,
coins,finally
was continued
at Damascus,thusdefinitely
linking
issueswhichhad
the newcoinswithits preceding
been distinguished
by this same usefulfeature.
ofstyleandfabric
alsoconnect
thepresent
Similarity
himwithearlierissues,whilethemagistrate
signing
selfA, on Nos. 115and 117-123,maybe identical
with the personsigninghimself& on the last
Damasceneissue of Grypus(No. 114). Another
notablefeatureof the new coinageis the almost
constantpresenceof the monogram
PI, alongside
had
thedate in theexergue.The samemonogram
appearedon the above mentionedfinalissue of
Grypus. In the presentcase, it appearscontinuouslyfromZIS to EK2, and againunderTigranes
fromAMS to TMS. If it denotesa magistrate,
thenthispersonenjoyeda longertenureof office
we havemetwithat Damasthananyotherofficial
cus. That beingso, are we not justifiedin suspectingthat Pi mayhavesomeotherconnotation?
in the natureof a real
Perhapsit is something
ofthetwo
As it is obviously
mint-mark.
composed
the initial
lettersdeltaand eta,it may represent
lettersofAi^Tpia,a name,whichit has longbeen
84
suspected,that Damascus at this time bore in

honorofitsking,Demetrius
III.33
Another
was introduced
innovation
on
important
the silverissues of Damascus at this time. No
Seleucidroyaltypeon
longerdo we finda distinctly
- suchas Zeus,Apollo,Athena,and the
thereverse
like. Instead,we havea typeoflocal significance,
similarto the "Pyre of Sandan" on the Seleucid
issuesof Tarsus,or thestatueofAthenaMagarsis
on theircoinsstruckat Mallus.34We see whatis
a localrepresentation
ofthegreatgoddess
probably
a divinityreveredforages throughout
Atargatis,35
Syria. She appearsin herorientalaspectand as a
in shape and with
fertility
goddess,mummiform
fromeach shoulder. In her
sprouting
grain-stalks
lefthand,sheholdswhathasusuallybeendescribed
as threeearsofbarley,butso crudely
rendered
that
theirtruenatureremainsperhapssomewhat
doubtful. She is facing,hands and fore-arms
jutting
outto eitherside;fromherveiledand (somestiffly
times)radiatehead,two long,tasselledfilletsde83R. Dussaud,
Journal
, Mars-Avril
1904,p. 198;
asiatique
Mus.Cat.,Galatia
Brit.
etc.,p.lxxvi.
Wroth,
34Babelon,
loc.cit.,
cxlvu.
cxxxiii,
pp.cxxxu,
MAssuggested
loc.cit.,
andconfirmed
byBabelon,
p.clxxi,
by
Journal
works
in
R.Dussaud,
, 1904,
asiatique
p.200,numismatic
content
themselves
with
thefigure
Demeter.
calling
simply
general
ofvery
archaic
anddistinctly
oriental
Butitisa Demeter
appearlikeinnumerable
"Mother
Goddesses"
andCybeles
ofAsia
ance,
benamed
InSyria
shewould
InterMinor.
certainly
Atargatis.
with
a barley-stalk
her
veiled
her
from
bust,
rising
estingly
enough,
her
ina basandothers
above
beseen
shoulder
head,
may
depicted
Nabataean
shrine
from
herrecently
discovered
atopofJebel
relief
Cf.American
Journal
inTransjordania.
et-Tannur
ofArchaeology,
Vol.XLI,1937,
p.374,Fig.13.
85
pend. Her body,fromneckto anklesis covered

withpendantdesignssuggestive
of humanbreasts,
but whichcertainly
cannothavebeenintendedfor
leaves or petals,
such.36Possiblytheyrepresent
as maybe seencovering
thebust
such,forinstance,
even
of
the
of
(and
face) Atargatis,
goddess foliage
and fruits,on a bas-relief
recentlydiscoveredat
Khirbetet-Tannr,
the Nabataeantempleof the
On
goddesson the summitof Jebelet-Tannr.37
theupperportionof herbodyis a large,uncertain
objectwhichseemsto have escapedthe noticeof
as mostof
scholars.Thisis notsurprising
previous
thecoinsavailableare moreor less worn. To the
in the natureof a
writer,it suggestssomething
a
but
head;
preserved
example
facing
only perfectly
identified.
wouldallowtheobjectto be definitely
The typesoftheaccompanying
bronzecoinshave
Greekaspect. Theyoccurin two
a moreorthodox
of whichthe largerhas forits redenominations,
versetypea wingedvictory
walkingto r.; thesmaller,a Hermesstandingto 1. Theybeardatesfrom
ZIS to 012, accompanied
or letters
by monograms
suchas arealso foundon thetetradrachms.
Other
are withoutdates,and thesecoinsmay
specimens
coverthelateryearsofDemetrius'
reign. Whether
86They
thetorso
didthey
butcover
alone.
besointerpreted
might
arefound
totheankles.
alsofrom
thewaist
Instead
Meurer,
they
derArtemis
Rmische
DieMammae
Mitteilungen,
XXIV,
Ephesia.
oftheEpheonthewell-known
statues
hasshown
that
even
1914,
ofas porbethought
these
must
breast-like
sianArtemis
objects
andarenotthemselves
ofa broad
actions
ornament,
pectoral
torepresent
breasts.
intended
tually
97American
Vol.XLI,1937,
Journal
p.375,
Figs.
ofArchaeology,
14and15.
86
they,too, shouldbe ascribedto Damascusis still

uncertainas we have no provenance
notices,and
theletterswhichtheybeardo notcorrespond
with
thosefoundon thetetradrachms.
For thatreason,
inourcatalogue.
theyhavenotbeenincluded
his chosenprovincemore
Thoughmaintaining
thanhisbrothers
did theirs,Demetrius
successfully
showedhimself
to be a trueSeleucidin hisrestless
ambitionforadditionalterritory.At one timehe
evensucceededin seizinguponAntioch,
whosemint
thenissuedsomeof its typicaltetradrachms
in his
name.38He interfered
in theaffairs
ofJudaea,and
evenmarched
withhisarmyto Shechemin Samaria
to assist the Jewsin rebellionagainstAlexander
- but nothing
cameof thematterand he
Jannaeus
soonreturned
to Damascus. Finally,in 88-87B. C.,
he felloutwithhisbrother
Philipand besiegedhim
in Beroea. An Arabchieftain,
Aziz by name,and
Mithradates,the Parthiangovernorof Mesopotamia (?), came to Philip'said and eventually
forcedDemetriusto capitulate. He was takento
Parthiawherehe was honorablytreatedby the
king,and laterdiedin captivity.
ANTIOCHUSXII
ReigninDamascus,88-84B. C.
Year 87-86B. C.
132.Tetradrachm
. DiademedheadofAntiochus
Obv
XII to r. Fillet
border.
loc.cit.,
"Newell,
pp.117-8.
87
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOT EniÂNOTS in

threelinesonr.,$IA0IIAT0P02 KAAAINIKOTin
twolineson1. BeardedstatueofHadadstanding
faca tall,pointed
ingondoublebasis;wearing
cap;a long
mantlefastened
abouthisshoulders;
a barley
holding
stalkin 1. hand,and flanked
oftwo
bytheforeparts
CK2. Thewholeissurroundbulls. In theexergue,
TT
ed bya laurelwreath.
PLATEXV.
London,
Year 86-85B. C.
133. Tetradrachm
to thepreceding.
Obv, Similar
Rev. Similarto the preceding.In the outer1.
CT. In theexergue,
ASKS.
field,
Dresden(Imhoof-Blumer,
Monnaies
, p. 437,
grecques
No. 121,Pl. H, 15),gr.15.70.
Year (?)
134.Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
tothepreceding.
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
In outer1.field,
Rl.
Date in theexergue
is illegible.
R. Jameson
Coll.,No. 2361,gr. 15.19,PI. cxxv( =
EggerSaleXLV,Nov.1913,No. 746,PL xx),PLATE
GroupI
135. BronzeUnit
Obv
. Diademed,
drapedbusttor. Circleofdots.
Rev. BASIAES ANTIOXOT AI0NT20T in
threelines on r., EIII<AN0T2 $IA0IIAT0P02
KAAAINIKOTin threelineson 1. Zeus,nakedto
r.
1.,holdsNikeinoutstretched
waist,standing,
facing
and rests1. uponsceptre.In theexergue,
rtr. The
wholeincircleofdots.
88
No.5, PI. xxvii,

Hunter
3; -y)Glasgow,
a) London,
Coll.,p. 116,Nos.3and4,gr.6.74and6.67; )Paris,No.
1579,gr.7.30,PI. xxviii,
9; e) Paris,No. 1580,gr.7.90;
f) Newell,
gr.6.97,PLATEXVI.
136. BronzeQuarter
Obv
. Diademedheadto r. Circleofdots.
as onthepreceding.
Hermes
1.,holding
palminr.andcaduceusin1.
standing,
facing
a) Paris,No. 1582,gr.2.00,PI. xxviii,10,PLATE
XVI.
GroupII
137. BronzeUnit
to No. 135.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similarto No. 135,butwithout
AI0NY20Y.
.
In outer1.field,
TT
Hunter
a) London,No. 6, PI. xxvii,4; ) Glasgow,
Coll.,Vol. Ill, p. 116,No. 5, gr.7.00;7) Paris,No.
1581,gr.8.10;) Newell,
gr.6.46,PLATE XVI.
138. BronzeHalf
. Similar
to thepreceding.
Obv
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOT EIIIÂNOYS in
threelinesonr.,4>IA0IIAT0P02 KAAAINIKOYon
to 1.,holdspalmin r. and
1. Apollo,naked,standing
leanswith1.armontripod.In outer1.field,
iti.
Hunter
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p. 116,No. 6,gr.
ot)Glasgow,
5.18,PLATE XVI.
139. BronzeHalf
to thepreceding.
. Similar
Obv
as on thepreceding.Nike
to r., holdingwreathin extended
r. and
advancing
palmin1.
14,PLATEXVI.
Paris,No. 1588,gr.3.90,PI. xxviii,
89
GroupIII
140. BronzeUnit
Obv. Diademed,
drapedbusttor. Circleofdots.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOT EmÂNOTS in
threelinesonr.,$IA0IIAT0P02 KAAAINIKOTin
twolineson1. Drapedfemale
Kalathos
,
figure
wearing
to 1.,holding
r. andcornupalminextended
standing
& or .
copiaein1. Inouter1.field,
Hunter
Vol. Ill, p. 115,Nos.
Coll.,
a-) Glasgow,
1 (Pl. lxx,18) and 2, gr. 7.55and 7.42; y-) Paris,
Nos. 1583(Pl. xxviii,11) and 1584,gr.6.60and6.55;
e) Newell,
gr.8.64,PLATE XVI.
141. BronzeHalf
. Diademedheadto r. Circleofdots.
Obv
as onthepreceding.
Apollo,
to 1.holding
r. and
naked,standing
palmin extended
1.armontripod.In outer1.field, or 1J.
leaning
Nos.1-3,Pl. xxviii,1; -f)Glasgow,
0-7) London,
HunterColl.,Vol.Ill, p. 116,Nos. 7-9,gr.3.99,3.82
and 3.60;1")Paris,No. 1586,gr.4.10;17)Newell,gr.
3.93;e) Newell,
gr.5.11,PLATE XVI.
142. BronzeUnit
crudedieObv. Similarto No. 140. Somewhat
cutting.
Rev, Similar
to No. 140,butdie-cutting
somewhat
n.
crude. In outer1.field,
2; ) Newell,gr.5.87,
a) London,No. 4, PI. xxviii,
PLATE XVI.
143. BronzeHalf
to No. 141.
Obv. Similar
to No. 141. In outer1.field,
Rev. Similar
II.
London,
gr.3.45,PLATEXVI.
90
Demetrius
III, as rulerof Damascusand its surwas succeededby his younger
districts,
rounding
AntiochusXII, who bore the resounding
brother,
appellationsof Dionysus,Epiphanes,Philopator,
Callinicus.The mintcontinued
to issuesilverand
bronzecoins,but now withthe new king'sname
and portrait.
The reversesof the tetradrachms
are henceforth
a
with
most
ofthe
graced
interesting
representation
greatgod of Damascus,Hadad.39 He is provided
withhis usual attributes,
theear of grainand the
bullssacredto him. The dateson twooftheserare
coinsread CKS and ZK2,40but,unfortunately,
the
dateon M. Jameson's
is illegible.
specimen
The undatedbronzecoinscomprise
threedenominationsand,apparently,
fallintothreegroupsacand monograms.The
cordingto theirinscriptions
earliestgroup is probablyrepresented
by Nos.
135-6,whichare providedwiththeepithetDionyCallinicus.
sus,in additionto EpiphanesPhilopator
On theremaining
coinsDionysusis omitted,
as it is
on the knownsilverpieces. GroupsI and II are
associatedwiththe earliesttetradrachm,
No. 132,
r, whichtheyhaveincommon.
by themonogram,
This monogram
cannotpossiblydenotethemintat
as Babelonstates.41For Antiochus
Ake-Ptolemais,
XII neverruledoverthiscity,hisdominions
being
R.Dussaud,
Journal
Mars-Avril,
1904,
asiatique,
p.200.
40Correctly
readbyImhoofBlumer
whofirst
the
published
loc.cit.,
thezeta
piece(No.133).Babelon,
p.clxxiii,
reproduces
asa stigma
thedateasbeing
227A.S.
,butapparently
accepts
Loc.cit.,
Nos.1579,
1581.
p.209,
91
confined
to InnerSyria. Furthermore,
all of his
issues exhibitthe typicalDamascenestyle and
in questionmustdenote
fabric. The monogram
inchargeofthemint.
somemagistrate
of Hermes(No.
On thebronzecoins,thefigures
136) and Nike (No. 139) are directlycopiedfrom
theissuesof hispredecessor,
Demetrius.To these,
XII addedtheZeus (Nos. 135,137),the
Antiochus
Apollo(Nos. 138, 141, 143) and the Tyche (Nos.
is de140, 142). On mostof his coins,Antiochus
pictedas a beardlessyouth,but on a few (cf.
PLATE XV, 132; PLATE XVI, 135,137),he like
his elderbrother,
is unmistakably
Demetrius,
providedwitha beard.
Soon afterhis accession,the NabataeanArabs
XII serioustrouble.
commenced
to causeAntiochus
to overcome
thismenace,
Whilehewasawaytrying
Damasbefore
hisbrother
appeared
Philipsuddenly
cus. The citygateswereopenedto himbyMilesius,
thebad newsAntiochus
thegovernor.On receiving
hastenedback,but notbeforeMilesiushad himself
of hisact and had shutthegatesagainst
repented
Philipat a timewhenthelatterchancedto be outsomechariotracesin the
side the walls,watching
Antiochus
joined forceswith his
hippodrome.
andtogether
Philip's
governor
theyforced
repentant
withdrawal.The latter'stenureof Damascusapto
pearsto havebeenso briefthatit is notsurprising
note that no coinsof Philip,of Damascenestyle
and fabric,
haveas yetbeenrecorded.
lefton another
Aftera shortintervalAntiochus
the
against Nabataeans,duringwhichhe
expedition
92
skirmish
withthese
perishedin some hard-fought
Arabs.
marauding
ARETAS III
circa84-72B. C.
ReigninDamascus,
144. BronzeUnit
Obv. Diademed
headofAretastor.,withlonghair.
ofdots.
Border
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 APETOT in two lineson r.f
4>IAEAAHN02on 1. Nikeas City-goddess
standing
turret
wreathin outstretched
r.
ed,holding
1.,winged,
andpalmin1. Inouter1.field,
ofdots.
At. Border
Arabiaetc.,p. 1,No. 1,gr.8.16,PI. i, 1;
a) London,
) London,No. 2, gr. 8.02,PI. i, 2, PLATE XVI.
and references,
see R. DusFor additional
specimens
Mars-Avril
saud,Journal
1904,p. 205,Nos.
asiatique,
1-2,Pl. i, 1.
145. BronzeHalf
tothepreceding.
Obv
. Similar
as onthepreceding.Draped
to 1.,r.handextended,
female
1.resting
figure
standing
uponsceptre.
a) Paris,PLATE XVI; ) Glasgow,HunterColl.,
p. 297,No. 4,gr.2.95,PLATE XVI.
Foradditional
see R. Dussaud,loc. cit.,
references,
p. 206,No. 5, PI. i, 3.
146. BronzeUnit
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
as onthepreceding.
Tyche,
outr.handandholding
drapedandturreted,
stretching
in 1.,seated1. on rockfromwhichissues
cornucopiae
to front.In outer1. field,
At.
swimming
river-god
Circleofdots.
93
at-y) Glasgow,
Hunter
Coll.,Vol.Ill, p. 297,Nos.1-3,
gr.8.00 (Pl. lxxviii,18),7.74and 6.29;-f)London,
Arabiaetc.,pp.1-2,Nos.3-6,gr.7.43(Pl.i,3),6.08,7.14
(Pl. i,4) and5.62;17)deLuynes
Coll.,Vol.IV,No.3494,
Pl. cxxx,
gr.7.85;0) Newell,
gr.7.02;i) Newell,
gr.6.76;
k) Newell,
gr.5.93,PLATE XVI; X) Newell,gr.6.68,
PLATE XVI.
For further
and references,
see R. Dusspecimens
saud,loc. cit.,pp. 205-6,Nos.3-4,Pl. I, 2.
Accordingto Josephus,Antiquities
XIII, 392,
afterthe death of AntiochusXII, the masterless
ofDamascuswas threatened
territory
byseizureon
thepartof therobberdynastyof the Ituraeansof
Chalcis. Ratherthansuffer
sucha fate,theDamascenes preferred
the lesserevil and called upon
AretasIII, theable kingoftheNabataeans,to rule
over them. He respondedwithalacrityand enteredthecityamidpopularrejoicing.
No silvercoinsofAretasare as yetknownto us,
althoughthereseemsto be no reasonwhythestill
active mintof Damascus mightnot have struck
such at this juncture. It certainlydid strike
bronzecoins,in considerable
quantities,riththe
name and portraitof the Nabataeanprince. On
theirobverses,
we findtheclean-shaven
features
of
Aretas,endowedwiththecopiouslocksoftheArab
raceand a formidably
curvednose,quiteas hawklike as thoseof his Seleucidpredecessors,
Grypus
andAntiochus
XII. Perhapsto indicatethatunder
benevolent
NabataeanruleDamascuswas to lose
noneofhercivicorlocalpower,thereverses
ofthese
bronzecoins displaythe city-goddess
in various
aspects. In one case (No. 144,PLATE XVI), she
94
standsin the guiseof Nike, wingedand holding

wreathand palm-branch,
yet turretedas a citygoddessshouldbe. Again(No. 145,PLATE XVI),
she standswinglessbut holdinga patera (?) and
sceptre. Finally(No. 146,PLATE XVI), she assumesthefamiliar
attitudepeculiarto theTycheof
Damascus. Like the morefamousTycheof Antistatueourpresent
och,fromwhosewell-known
type
on a rock,
is directly
she
is
seated,turreted,
copied,
whilebeneathher feetis depictedthe swimming
oftheriverChrysaroas.UnliketheTycheof
figure
in her1.arm,and
Antioch,she holdsa cornucopiae
stretches
ther. straight
outbeforeher,as ifblessing
withherbeneficent
powersthehappyand industriofherfertile
oasis. Theseparticuous populations
the Tyche
lar detailsalwaysclearlydifferentiate42
sistersthroughout
of Damascusfromhernumerous
theGreekworld,evendownto herlast appearance
ontheissuesofthecityundertheEmperor
Volusian,
morethanthreehundred
yearslater.
<*R.Dussaud,
remarked
this
loc
. cit.,
upon
p. 199.hasalready
a certain
toassign
toDamascus
him
which
enabled
correctly
fact,
It
ofTigranes.
ofthetetradrachms
Cf.,
below,
pp.95-100.
group
inimperial
with
tonote
that
isinteresting
times,
beginning
Hadrian,
from
theoutstretched
r.
almost
anuntied
fillet
invariably
depends
haveinvariably
ofDamascus.
Numismatists
handoftheTyche
thecity's
coins.Asa
thisobject
when
describing
misinterpreted
oftheobject
in
thevarious
wegivehere
interpretations
curiosity
dela Terre
inhiswell
known
Numismatique
byDeSaulcy
question
hasthere
added
coins
who
tohisown
Sainte,
descriptions
pp.37-50,
writers
asEckhel,
Sestini
and
ofearlier
from
such
thepages
culled
No.2 andAntoninus
Mionnet:
unpoisson
(?)onp.37,Hadrian
No.1; unemassue
PiusNo.1,p.41,Macrinus
,aulieud'unpoisson
Severus
No.1; unquadrupde
onp.39,Septimius
allong,
plutt
onp.46,Otacilia
No.3;unrameau
onp.46,Otaclia
poisson
qu'un
95
TIGRANES
ReigninDamascus,72-69B. C.
Year 72-71B. C.
147.Tetradrachm
andwearing
Obv
. HeadofTigranes
tor.,diademed
onthetop
tall"tiara"edgedwithpearlsandadorned
with"rays"andon thesidewitha starandan eagle
whoturnshisheadbackward.Filletborder.
Rev. BA2IAEQ2 on r., TirPANOT on 1. Turof the Tycheof Damascus
retedand drapedfigure
seatedto 1.upona rockat whosefeetis theupperporherr.
tionofa swimming
figure.The Tycheextends
in
armat fulllength
before
her,andholdsa cornucopiae
N aboveA. In theexergue,
her1. In outer1. field,
AMS (?). Thewholeissurrounded
bya laurelwreath.
Paris,p. 214,No. 16,gr.15.25,PLATE XVI.
onp.50,Trebonianus
No.1. This
No.1;unlivre
parlesoreilles
last"interpretation"
hasnotbeentoofelicitously
corrected
by
British
Museum
Galatia
No.28and
,etc.,
Wroth,
Catalogue,
p.287,
theobject
a "short
who
club
fillets
attached"!
calls
footnote,
(?)with
OnPLATEXVII,C-Faregiven
a few
ofsimilar
reproductions
intheauthor's
collection.
Acloseinspection
shows
coins
clearly
inquestion
theobject
isactually
a broad,
that
untied
fillet,
hanging
from
thegoddess'
hand.Theribbon-tie
byoneofitsend-ties
twoinnumber)
attheother
endofthefillet,
(sometimes
hangs
Onthefinal
the
down
illustration
(F),a coinofVolusian,
loosely.
seems
tohave
been
with
orpalmembroidered
a laurelfillet
proper
for
ofthe
leafdesign,
thus
theinterpretation
accounting
probably
asa club.Buta club
in
andWroth
never
byEckhel
object
depends
from
inanupright
thismanner
a hand,
itisusually
held
position.
rests
andisnever
thus
theground
susitatleast
Otherwise,
upon
ontheother
inmid-air!
Theuntied
isidentical
fillet,
hand,
pended
held
ofKonon
I inthenow
theonetobeseen
with
bythefigure
ofthePalmyrene
ofthe'Temple
Gods'at
wallpainting
famous
H. Breasted,
Cf.James
Oriental
ForeDuraontheEuphrates.
IXandXIII.
runners
,pp.80and86,Plates
Painting
ofByzantine
96
Year 71-70B. C.
148.Tetradrachm
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
In outer1.field,
Rev. Similar
to thepreceding.
1^1
above 0E above0$. In inner1. field,A. In the
BMS.
exergue,
a) Newell(fromDamascus),gr. 15.37;) London,
No. 1,gr.15.80,PI.xxvii,5,PLATEXVII.
Year 70-69B. C.
149Tetradrachm
Obv
to thepreceding.
. Similar
Rev. Similarto the preceding.Same monogram
and lettersin the fieldas before. In the exergue,
TMS.
Paris,p. 214,No. 17,gr.12.10,PI. xxix,11,PLATE
XVII.
Undated
150. BronzeUnit
Obv. Similarto thepreceding.Circleofdots.
Rev. BA2IAES on r.,TirPANOY on 1. Tyche
coins. In
seatedto 1.as on thepreceding
ofAntioch
N. Circleofdots.
outeri. field,
London,gr.7.60,PLATE XVII.
151. BronzeUnit
to thepreceding.
Obv. Similar
Rev. Similarto the preceding.In outer1. field,
0E above 0<&.
a) Paris,No. 19,gr. 7.55,PI. xxix,12; ) Newell,
gr.9.31;y) London,No. 10, gr. 8.47, PI. xxvii,7,
HunterColl.,Vol. Ill,
PLATE XVII; &-)Glasgow,
offflan),gr.6.42,6.09,6.03
p. 3, Nos. 10-13(letters
(PI. lxiii,4), 4.05.

152. BronzeHalf
Obv
. Similar
tothepreceding.
as on thepreceding.
Tyche
to 1.,resting
r. on tiller,and holding
cornustanding
copiaein1. In outer1.field,M.
a) Paris,No. 22,gr.3.00,PI. xxix,14;) Newell,
gr.
4.60,PLATE XVII.
Figure1
153.BronzeHalf (orThird?)
Obv
. Similar
to thepreceding.
as on preceding.Nikeadto 1.,holding
in outstretched
wreath
vancing
r.,palm
in1. In outer1.field,
E above04.
E. Zygman
Coll.,gr.2.67. Cf.Fig. 1.
In 83 B. C., TigranestheGreatofArmenia
swept
overnorthern
himself
at Antioch,
Syriaandinstalled
invitedby theAntiochenes,
nowheartily
wearyof
theSeleucidsand theirmisrule.Coinsaloneinform
us thathe eventually
securedCoele-Syria
and the
of Damascus,as well. How or
greatmetropolis
whenTigraneshadthussucceeded
inoustingAretas
and his Nabataeansfromthe city,our ancient
historians
fail to relate.
The coinissuesof TigranestheGreathave long
ago been studiedn theirentirety
by Sir George
98
Macdonald.48He has thereclearlydemonstrated

that they must fall into threemain categories,
whichhe designates"PeriodsI, II and III." It is
thatthesecategories,
correctin
probable,however,
in
the
main
not
muchto
so
themselves,
correspond
successiveperiodsof timeas to different
placesof
to
mintage.The greatand veryobviousdifferences
be notedin theirseveralstyles,fabrics,typesand
renderit practicontrol-marks,
systemsof official
to assignall thesecoinsto anyone
callyimpossible
mint,or even district,withinthe shortspace of
thirteenyears whichrepresents
the durationof
Tigranes'ruleoverSyria.
Thus the coinsof Macdonaldi "PeriodI " are
issuesbrought
outat Antioch,
as is clearly
certainly
demonstrated
by theirstyleand fabric,bothabsomintat thisperiod.
lutelytypicaloftheAntiochene
TheyprobablycovertheentireperiodofTigranes*
rulein Antioch(83-69 B. C.), and theirstyleand
fabricare continued
on theimmediately
succeeding
issues of AntiochusXIII (69-65 B. C.),44which
couldhavebeenstruckat Antiochonly.
The coinsof "PeriodII" probablyrepresent
the
issuesofhisArmenian
or
of
the
capital,Arsamosata,
newly-built
Tigranocerta.The use of the oriental
title {JowiXc
and the presenceof both
aatX&i)v
annual and monthlydates- peculiarto the coins
of Macdonald's"PeriodII" - distinctly
revealthe
of Parthianand Ponticpractices. The
influence
mintof the "PeriodII" coinsmusttherefore
have
Numismatic
4thSer.t
Vol.II,1902,
Chronicle,
pp.193-201.
44Newell,
loc
. cit
.,pp.125-8.
99
beenso situatedthatit was mosteasilyaccessible

to suchinfluences.Onlyin Armeniaproper,or in
northern
Mesopotamia,wouldthis be true. The
use ofthistitleand ofmonthly
datesis neverfound
in Syria. Furthermore,
thesilvercoinsof "Period
II" are, with but a singleexception,composed
solelyof drachms.No drachmsare knownto accompanythe issuesof "Period I," i. e., fromthe
and in factno Seleuciddrachms
mintat Antioch,
are
knownfromthatmintafterthereignofAntiochus
X,46nordo theyoccurat Damascusafterthereign
ofAlexander
II Zebina. Butin thisconnection
it is
to notethattheimmediate
of
successors
important
TigranestheGreat(i. e., Artavasdes,
TigranesII)
strucksilveronlyinthedrachmsizeandofthesame
as drachms
(" PeriodII ") ofthefirst
styleandfabric
Tigranes. As noneof the laterArmenian
princes
ruledin Syria,butonlyinwhatwasleftto Armenia
of the East, their
by the Roman reorganization
coins could have been strucknowhereexceptat
Arsamosata
HenceMacor,possibly,
Tigranocerta.
donald's" PeriodII " coinsshouldbe assignedto one
ortheotherofthesetwomints.
As regardsMacdonald's"Period III" coins,R.
Dussaudclearlysaw46thattheirprincipal
type,the
seatedTycheof Damascus,pointsunmistakably
to
that city as theironly possiblemint. Although
morecrudein style,theseDamascenesilver
slightly
in otherrespectsto the
issuesofTigranesconform
We finda local
issuesofhisSeleucidpredecessors.
*8Newell,
loc..cit
.,pp.113-4.
Loc.cit.,
p.199.
100
in
accompanied
typegracingthereverseas before,
the1. fieldby themonogram and theinitialsof
variousmagistrates,
whilea Seleuciddate is stillto
be seenin theexergue.The corresponding
bronze
coinsarein threedenominations,
twoofwhichbear
civictypes,the seatedTycheof Damascuson the
largersize,thestanding
Tycheon thesmaller.The
thirdor smallestdenomination
bearsa Nike as its
reversetype. Hence, the "Period III" coins of
Dussaud,mustnowbe assigned
Tigranes,following
to themintofDamascus.
If thedateon No. 147has beencorrectly
read,it
informs
us thatat leastby72-71 B. C., Tigraneshad
managedto secure Damascus. The finaldate,
TMS, is theveryyearin whichthefamousRoman
general,Lucius Lucullus,invadedArmenia. The
newsreachedTigranesjustafterhe hadsuccessfully
He hascompletedthe siege of Ake-Ptolemais.47
tenednorth,onlyto meetcompletedisasterat the
handsof Lucullusand his veteranarmy. By 68
B. C. all Armenian
powerhad beenclearedout of
faceda newmaster. That
Syria,and thecountry
Damascus recoveredher freedomat this timeis
described
by thebronzecoin- ifcorrectly
suggested
- ofautonomous
It
typeswhichMionnetrecords.48
bearsthedate CMr and theinscription
AAMACK.
Damascushad nowgainedfulllocalautonomy
and
wasnolongera royalSeleucidmint.
47Josephus,
,XIII,16,4.
Antiquities
48S.Vol.VIII,p. 193,
No.3,after
Lett
contVol.
. num.
Sestini,
VI,p. 86,No.1.

TABULAR SURVEY OF THE LATER
SELEUCID COINAGES OF AKE-PTOLEMAIS
AND DAMASCUS
I
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
DemetriusII
SecondReign,129-126B, C.
No. Denom.
Date
Monograms
1 Tetr.(A).49 EIIP
rt
M
"
"
"
2 " (Ph).
KH
3 2dr.(Ph).
4 Tetr.(A).
5 " (Ph).
OTP
6 Didr.(Ph.)
Cleopatra
SoleReign,126-125B. C.
7 Tetr.(A).
ZIIP
S
Cleopatraand AntiochusVIII
JointReign,125-121B. C.
8 Tetr.(A).
t
znp
9 " (Ph).
10 AE (Unit).
"
"
11
ft or H"
12 AE ( ).
(Municipal
Issue).
IfflP t
13 Tetr.(Ph).
14 AE (Unit).
denomination
theAtticweight
denotes
"(A)" following
thePhoenician.
system,
"(Ph)"denotes
102
No. Denom
.
15 AE (y).
16 Tetr.(A).
17 AE (Unit).
18 AE W).
Date
HIIP
IIP
nP
"
19 Tetr.(A).
20 Tetr.(Ph).
21 14
AqP
BqP
"
Monograms
Issue).
(Municipal
t
m or FNorN.
Issue).
(Municipal
t
4*
"
AntiochusVIII
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
FirstReign,121-113B. C.
BqP
Tetr.(Ph).
t
"
AE (}4).
Issue).
(Municipal
rqP
Tetr.(Ph).
M
"
AE (}4).
Issue).
(Municipal
EqP
Tetr.(Ph).
M
"
" or A . (Municipal
AE ().
Issue).
"
Tetr.(A).
(Nudefigure).
Tetr.(Ph).
qP
ZqP
Didr.(Ph).
"
AT
Tetr.(Ph).
Tetr.(A).
M (Drapedfigure).
AT
HqP
Tetr.(Ph).
qP
Didr.(Ph).
Tetr.(A).
"
"
<J>
AntiochusIX Cyzicenus
AT
S
37 Tetr.(A).
"
"
STAR
38

No. Denom.
39 Tetr.(A).
40 "
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Tetr.(Ph).
Tetr.(A).
Ob.
Tetr.(Ph).
Tetr.(A).
"
"
Tetr.(Ph).
Tetr.(Ph).
Date
Monograms
star AT
" "
(inthe
exergue).
-0
LAS
"
LAS
iti (Municipal
Issue).
LBS
A
i-r
" CORNUCOPIAS
LAS
H
barley-stalkwithM
LS
II
DAMASCUS
AntiochusVII Sidetes
52 Tetr.
53 "
54 Dr.
55 Tetr.
56 "
57 "
58 "
59 "
60 "
61 "
62 "
63 "
138-129B. C.
AOP M
EOP
A
1
"
W
P*
OP AE
"
W
HOP
@OP
"
*
e.
np
AE
"
Anp AE
"
7)
R orW
BIIP
104
No. D enom.
64 Tetr.
65 44
66 44
Date
Monograms
BIIP
ft
41
HIP
A
44
N
DemetriusII
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
SecondReign,129-126/5
B. C.
Tetr.
HIP
NA orAN
44
AIIP H
44
41
X
44
EIIP
44
W
KH
44or W, ft
Tetr.
YIP
44
44
A
Dr.
Tetr.
ZIIP
KN
-ft
44
44
*
44
44 * KH
44
AlexanderII
125-123B. C.
78 Tetr.
79 44
80 Dr.
81 Tetr.
82 44
83 44
84 44
85 44
ZIIP
HnP
0IIP
44
44
qp
44
Kf
44orTO
44
Pf
W or0
44 44 44
44

Cleopatraand AntiochusVIII
122-120B. C.
No. Denom.
Date
Monograms
V
86 Tetr.
AqP
#
87 14
BqP
44
44
AN
88 44
AntiochusVIII
AN
89 Tetr.
rqP
AP
44
44
90 "
ES
91 44
#
W
A
92 "
Aqp
44
93 44
AP
ES
94
11
"
95 "
44 (Nude)
EqP
96 44
*
4
4
4
4
4
44
4
97
(Draped)
_
98
44
99 41
*
qp
zqp
100 44
44
101 44
W
44
44
EX
102 44
Hqp
103 44
104 44
MS
KH
ios 44
qp
AntiochusIX Cyzicenus
S
ES
106 Tetr.
44
M
107 44
if
AS
108 44
44
44
n
109 44
44
44
BS
110
A
106

AntiochusVIII
SecondReign,after109B. C.
No. Denom.
111 Tetr.
112 "
113 "
114 "
Date
AS
" (?) "
"
ES
SS
Monograms
XH
X
XH
KM
DemetriusIII
96-87B. C.
115 Tetr.
116 "
117 AE (Unit).
117a
118 AE(J).
119 Tetr.
120 AE (Unit).
121 AE (K).
"
122
123 Tetr.
124 AE (Unit).
125 AE ( y2).
126 Tetr.
127 "
128 "
129 "
130 "
131 AE (Unit).
ZIS
"AN
"
"
HIS
"
"
"
IS
"
"
NA"
k
N
"
"
A
A
AKS
BKS
TKS
AKS
E KS
-
N
"
"
A
E
A
"
NI
<l
k
*
"
"
"

AntiochusXII
87-84B. C.
No.
Denom. Date
Monograms
132 Tetr.
K2 tl
133 "
A
ZKS CT
134 "
- rfi(Fullinscription)
135 AE (Unit).
- 44 "
136 AE(X).
"
137 AE (Unit).
(Without
AIONTSOT)
- 44
138 AE(Ji).
44
- Niketype.
139
- ita or rt
140 AE (Unit).
44 44 44
141 AE (K).
142 AE (Unit).
II
44
143 AE (K).
AretasIII
Circa84-72B. C.
144 AE (Unit).
At Nike-Tyche
standing.
44 Female
145 AE (#).
standing.
"
146 AE (Unit).
Tycheseated.
Tigranesthe Great
147Tetr.
148 "
149 41
150 AE (Unit).
11
151
152 AE(K).
153 AE (#?).
72-69B. C.
AMS N
A
BMS PI OEO
TMS
N
EO$
~
Pi
0EO$
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
PLATEI
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
PLATEII
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
PLATEIII
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
PLATEIV
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
PLATEV
AKE-PTOLEMAIS
PLATEVI
DAMASCUS
PLATEVII
DAMASCUS
PIATE VIII
DAMASCUS
PLATEIX
DAMASCUS
PLATEX
DAMASCUS
PLATEXI
DAMASCUS
PLATEXII
DAMASCUS
PLATEXIII
DAMASCUS
PLATEXIV
DAMASCUS
PLATEXV
DAMASCUS
PLATEXVI
DAMASCUS
PLATEXVII

Late Seleucid Mints in Ake-Ptolemais and Damascus / by Edward T. Newell

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Late Seleucid Mints in Ake-Ptolemais and Damascus / by Edward T. Newell

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NUMISMATIC

NumismaticNotes and Monographs

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

Museum,to Sir CharlesOmanand M. H. de Nancasts of certain

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

and are also of considerably

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

Rev. BA2IAEQ2 AHMHTPIOYaroundan eagle

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

casionallycitymonograms.Whenbut one monogramappearson a coin,we can be certainthat it

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

Coll.,NavilleSale VII, June1924,No. 1706,Pl. 59;

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

lineson r., IEPAS A2TA0T on 1. Cornucopiae.In

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

the other. But a searchof thescantymaterialat

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

usurperAlexanderZebina was finallyovercome,

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

Ake-Ptolemais.It is, further,

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

Rev. BA2IAEQ2 on r.,ANTIOXOYon 1. Eagle

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

NavilleSaleVII, June1924,No. 1709,gr.16.47,PI. 59

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

ing season,Cyzicenusappearedand droveGrypus

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

a) DayetColl.,PiattSale,June1925,No. 32, gr.

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

Rev. BA2IAE2 on r.,ANTIOXOTon 1. Eagle

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

theSeleuciddate. Selsign(L) foryear,preceding

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

Fortheyears109-108and 107-106B. C. weagain

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

soon afterthe new rulerof the Jews,Alexander

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

situationin the thirdand at the beginning

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN