You are on page 1of 14

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Public health is fundamental to 21st century healthcare and shares the same overall goals as
the rest of the health care system - reducing premature death and minimizing the effects of
disease, disability, and injury. After all, the main intent of public health is to promote a healthier
population. This is quintessential to a sustainable health care system, and also provides economic
and social benefits for the province, due in part to increased productivity.
Research has shown that good health is fundamental to leading a healthy, productive life.
Public health focuses on heath promotion and health protection, as well as disease and injury
prevention because healthier British Columbians will create a solid foundation for a sustainable
health care system and provide economic and social benefits for the province.
One of the most important components of public health is its reliance on multi-sectoral
partnerships. Multi-sectoral partnerships ensure that everyone has a role to play in public health
activities and programs. This may include a new mother concerned about her babys hearing, an
organization advocating reductions in childhood obesity, or a business group looking to develop
healthy policies in the workplace.
Improving the health of our populations often requires changing personal health habits.
Health care providers work with high-risk populations in an effort to change these behaviours.
However, bringing about change takes time and requires a combination of education, community
development and healthy public policy.
Public health professionals and organizations are adept at assessing and analyzing population
health issues, interpreting evidence and research to guide the development of health policies and
programs, and working with a variety of partners to address population health issues.

B. Problem Formulation
Based on the background, the problems discussed can be formulated as follows:
1 what is the public health definition ?
2 what is the public health function and program?
3 What do public health professionals do?
4 Why publich health is important to healthy life ?
C. Purpose
1. To know the public health definition
2. To know the function public health.
3. To know the public health program
4. To know the publich health is important to healthy life.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Public Health Definition
Public health definition Winslows : Public Health is the science and art of preventing
disease,prolonging life,and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort
for the sanitation of the environment,the control of communicable infections, the education of
the individual in personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for early
diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and development of social machinery to ensure
2

for every individual a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health, so organizing
these benefit as to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of health and longevity.
The dimensions of health can encompass "a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", as defined by the United Nations'
World Health Organization.[2] Public health incorporates the interdisciplinary approaches of
epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. environmental health, community health,
behavioral health, health economics, public policy, insurance medicine and occupational safety
and health are other important subfields.
The mission of public health is "the fullfillment of society's interest in assuring the conditions
in which people can be healthy."
The substance of public health is "organized community efforts aimed at the prevention of
disease and the promotion of health."
The organizational framework of public health "encompasses both activities undertaken
within the formal structure of government and the associated efforts of private and voluntary
organizations and individuals."
"Together, the [Surgeon General's] reports of the past four decades have expanded the very
meaning of public health. They show that the definition of public health is not fixed but has
changed over time, and changed the practice of medicine, as well, to include areas such as
human behavior and mental health. That fact has broad implications for our understanding of
health and risk, personal pleasure and social norms, science and moral standards, and individual
freedoms and public policy."(From The Reports of the Surgeon General: Changing Conceptions
of Public Health).
B. Public Health Functions
The public health functions are:
-

Health situation monitoring and analysis


Epidemiological surveillance/ disease prevention and control
Development of policies and planning in public health
Strategic management of health systems and services for population health gain
Regulation and enforcement to protect public health
Human resource development and planning in public health
Health promotion, social participation and empowerment
Ensuring the quality of personal and population-based health services
Research, development and implementation of innovative public health solutions.
3

To improve health and quality of life through the prevention and treatment of disease and
other physical and mental health conditions, through surveillance of cases and health

indicators,
Promotion of healthy behaviors. Promotion of hand washing and breastfeeding, delivery
of vaccinations, and distribution of condoms to control the spread of sexually transmitted
diseases are examples of common public health measures.

In other cases, treating a disease or controlling a pathogen can be vital to preventing its
spread to others, such as during an outbreak of infectious disease, or contamination of food or
water supplies. Public health communications programs, vaccination programs, and distribution
of condoms are examples of common public health measures. Measures such as these have
contributed greatly to the health of populations and increases in life expectancy.
Public health plays an important role in disease prevention efforts in both the developing
world and in developed countries, through local health systems and non-governmental
organizations. The World Health Organization (WHO) is the international agency that
coordinates and acts on global public health issues. Most countries have their own government
public health agencies, sometimes known as ministries of health, to respond to domestic health
issues. For example in the United States, the front line of public health initiatives are state and
local health departments. The United States Public Health Service (PHS), led by the Surgeon
General of the United States, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, headquartered
in Atlanta, are involved with several international health activities, in addition to their national
duties.

C. Public Health Programs


The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies core functions of public health
programs including:

Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where


joint action is needed

Shaping a research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination
of valuable knowledge

Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation

Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options

Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.

In particular, public health surveillance programs can:

serve as an early warning system for impending public health emergencies

document the impact of an intervention, or track progress towards specified goals

Monitor and clarify the epidemiology of health problems, allow priorities to be set, and
inform health policy and strategies.

Diagnose, investigate, and monitor health problems and health hazards of the community
Public health surveillance has led to the identification and prioritization of many

public health issues facing the world today, including HIV/AIDS, diabetes, waterborne
diseases, zoonotic diseases, and antibiotic resistance leading to the reemergence of infectious
diseases such as tuberculosis. Antibiotic resistance, also known as drug resistance, was the
theme of World Health Day 2011. Although the prioritization of pressing public health issues
is important, Laurie Garrett argues that there are following consequences.[53] When foreign
aid is funneled into disease-specific programs, the importance of public health in general is
disregarded. This public health problem of stovepiping is thought to create a lack of funds to
combat other existing diseases in a given country.

D. Task Of The Public Health Professional


As a public health professional, you will be trained to perform one or more of these ten
essential services:
5

Monitor the health status of a community to identify potential problems


Diagnose and investigate health problems and hazards in the community
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues, particularly the underserved and

those at risk
Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when

otherwise unavailable
Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health

services
Research new insights and innovative solutions to health problems

According to the Association of the Schools of Public Health (ASPH), the public health field
currently is experiencing a shortage in workers, while the U.S. population continues to grow.
This combination is expected to result in a shortage of nearly 250,000 professionals
approximately one-third of the workforce needed to identify, treat, and prevent new and
emerging public health threats.
E. The Importance Public Health
1. Health is important
Your health is determined not only by your own genetics and personal choices, but also by the
environment around you. We all strive to live long, healthy lives and where we live, work and
play affects our health. If you care about your health, the length and quality of your life, and the
health and lives of your friends and family, then you should care about public health and the one
week out of the year dedicated to bettering the lives of you and your surroundings.
The work of public health professionals is important because public health initiatives affect
people every day in every part of the world. It addresses broad issues that can affect the health
and well-being of individuals, families, communities, populations, and societies-both now, and
for generations to come.
2. Public health save lives

Public health combats threats to health by implementing educational programs, developing


policies, administering services, and conducting research. Over the last century, public health
has lead to increased life expectancies, world-wide reduction in infant and child mortality, and
the elimination or reduction of many communicable diseases. The field of public health is
constantly evolving in response to the needs of communities and populations around the world.
The underlying mission of public health is to improve the conditions and behaviors that affect
health so that all people can attain it. That mission includes not only the practice of public health
policy, but the research of public health issues and the education of future leaders who eventually
will translate that research into practices and policies to improve the health of people regionally,
nationally, and globally.
3.
-

Public health:
Has a real and lasting positive effect on people
Helps promote a healthy environment
Is a moral and ethical imperative

4.
-

Public health programs help keep people alive. These programs have led to:
Increased life expectancies
Worldwide reductions in infant and child mortality
Eradication or reduction of many communicable diseases

CHAPTER III
SUPPORTING DATA
A. Supporting data is an important public health
There are many distinctions that can be made between public health and the clinical health
professions. While public health is comprised of many professional disciplines such as medicine,
dentistry, nursing, optometry, nutrition, social work, environmental sciences, health education,

health services administration, and the behavioral sciences, its activities focus on entire
populations rather than on individual patients.
Doctors usually treat individual patients one-on-one for a specific disease or injury. Public
health professionals monitor and diagnose the health concerns of entire communities and
promote healthy practices and behaviors to assure our populations stay healthy.
One way to illustrate some of the breadth of public health is to look at some of the notable
public health achievements in the 20th century. The following were selected as the "Ten Great
Public Health Achievements -- United States, 1900-1999" by the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC).
-

Vaccination Vaccination has resulted in the eradication of smallpox; elimination of


poliomyelitis in the Americas; and control of measles, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria,
Haemophilus influenzae type b, and other infectious diseases in the United States and other

parts of the world.


Motor-vehicle safety Improvements in motor-vehicle safety have resulted from engineering
efforts to make both vehicles and highways safer and from successful efforts to change
personal behavior (e.g. increased use of safety belts, child safety seats, and motorcycle
helmets and decreased drinking and driving). These efforts have contributed to large

reductions in motor-vehicle-related deaths.


Safer workplaces Work-related health problems, such as coal workers pneumoconiosis (black
lung), and silicosis-common at the beginning of the century-have come under better control.
Severe injuries and deaths related to mining, manufacturing, construction, and transportation
also have decreased, since 1980, safer workplaces have resulted in a reduction of

approximately 40% in the rate of fatal occupational injuries.


Control of infectious diseases Control of infectious diseases has resulted from clean water
and improved sanitation. Infections such as typhoid and cholera transmitted by contaminated
water, a major cause of illness and death early in the 20th century, have been reduced
dramatically by improved sanitation. In addition, the discovery of antimicrobial therapy has
been critical to successful public health efforts to control infections such as tuberculosis and

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).


Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke Decline in deaths from coronary
heart disease and stroke have resulted from risk-factor modification, such as smoking

cessation and blood pressure control coupled with improved access to early detection and
better treatment. Since 1972, death rates for coronary heart disease have decreased 51%.

CHAPTER IV
CLOSING
A. Knot
- Public health definition Winslows : Public Health is the science and art of preventing
disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community
effort for the sanitation of the environment,the control of communicable infections, the
education of the individual in personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing
service for early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and development of social
machinery to ensure for every individual a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of
health, so organizing these benefit as to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of health
-

and longevity.
Public health plays an important role in disease prevention efforts in both the developing
world and in developed countries, through local health systems and non-governmental

organizations.
The task public health professionals is important because public health initiatives affect
people every day in every part of the world. It addresses broad issues that can affect the

health and well-being of individuals, families, communities, populations, and societiesboth


now, and for generations to come.
B. Advice
public health is important to the health of life and prevention of disease, so with this
discussion of public health students and other health professionals to be aware of the
importance of health promotion through community health programs.

REFERENCES
Notoatmojo soekidjo.2007.Kesehatan Masyarakat Ilmu dan Seni.Jakarta: PT.RINEKA
CIPTA
www.indonesian-publichealth.com
http://www.publichealth.pitt.edu
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health
http://www.who.int

10

PUBLIC HEALTH

GROUP 6
1. WEN VIA TRISNA

: 13012029

2. MIKE PUTRI ARJUNA

: 13012043

3. SANTI SARDI

: 13012053

IKM B NON REGULER GROUP 1


11

LECTURER : HARIS KAMPAY, S.Pd, M.Pd

PROGRAM STUDI S 1 ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT


SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN (STIKes)
HANGTUAH PEKANBARU
TA 2014/2015
FOREWORD

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirobil'alamin gratitude we pray that the presence of Allah SWT has given grace
and guidance to us all, so that we can finish this paper about public health.
Furthermore we would like to thank the lecturer who always provide direction and guidance to
facilitate the preparation of this paper. And to friends who have given us the spirit and
encouragement so that this paper can be resolved.
Hopefully this paper can be useful to readers in general and we beg criticism and suggestions for
better progress.
Wassamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

Author

12

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Halaman
Foreword.............................................................................................

Table Of Contents......................................................................................

ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background.......................................................................
B. Problem Formulation......................................................
C. Purpose .............................................................................

1
2
2

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Public Health Definition..................................................


Public Health Functions..................................................
Public Health Program....................................................
Task Of Public Health Professional................................
The Importance Of Public Health..................................

3
4
5
6
6

CHAPTER III SUPPORTING DATA .....................................................

CHAPTER IV CLOSING
A. Knot....................................................................................
B. Advice.................................................................................

10
10
13

References

ii

14

You might also like