Lecture 6

Thvenin Equivalent
q
Circuits

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Thvenin Equivalent Circuits

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Thvenin Equivalent Circuits

Vt = voc
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Thvenin Equivalent Circuits

Vt
isc =
Rt

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Thvenin Equivalent
Circuits

voc
Rt =
isc
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

Use voltage divider formed by R1 and R2 to find voc:

voc

R2
50
=
vs =
15V = 5V
R1 + R2
100 + 50

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

vs
15V
isc =
=
= 0.15 A
R1 100
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

voc
55V
V
Rt =
=
= 33.3
isc 0.15 A
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

voc = (5 A)(10) = 50V

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

isc
isc

Use current divider to find isc:

isc =

R1
10
5A =
5 A = 1A
R1 + R2
10 + 40

voc 50V
Rt =
=
= 50
isc
1A
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

Rt = 50

Vt= 50V

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Finding the Thvenin

Resistance Directly
We can find the Thvenin resistance by
zeroing the sources in the original network
and then computing the resistance between
the terminals.
When zeroing a voltage source, it becomes a
short circuit. When zeroing a current source,
it becomes an open circuit.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent

Reqq

R1 R2
100
= Rt =
=
= 4
R1 + R2
25

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent

i2 = 0
20V
i1 =
= 4A
5
isc = i1 + 2 A = 4 A + 2 A = 6 A
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Equivalent

Vt = Rt isc = (4)(6 A) = 24V

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Resistance

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Resistance

Zero the voltage

source

(5)(20)
Rt = 10 +
= 10 + 4 = 14
5 + 20
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Resistance

Zero the current

source

Rt = 10 + 20 = 30
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Resistance

Zero the current

and voltage
sources

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Find the Thevenin Resistance

4
10
5
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Thevenin Equivalent with a Dependent

Source

voc
KCL at Node 1 : i x + 2i x =
= 3i x
10
10 voc
10 voc voc
ix =
3
=
voc = 8.57V
5
5
10
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Thevenin Equivalent with a Dependent

Source

i x + 2i x = 3i x = isc
10V
ix =
= 2 A isc = 6 A
5
Vt 8.57V
Rt =
=
= 1.43
isc
6A
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

I n = isc
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

Step-by-step
Thvenin/Norton Equivalent
Thvenin/Norton-EquivalentCircuit Analysis
y
1. Perform two of these:
a. Determine
D t
i th
the open-circuit
i it voltage
lt
Vt = voc.
b Determine the short-circuit
b.
short circuit current In = isc.
c. Zero the sources and find the Thvenin
resistance Rt looking back into the
terminals.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. Use the equation Vt = Rt In to compute

the remaining value.
3. The Thvenin equivalent consists of a
voltage source Vt in series with Rt .
4. The Norton equivalent consists of a
current source In in parallel with Rt .

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.