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What is LTE
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is new wireless technology, all packet-based for voice/video (multimedia) services.
It combines new radio access methods with all-IP environment. It will coexist with legacy circuit switched networks such as
GSM, to allow operators roll-out advanced, new data-centric services alongside key lagacy services (mainly voice).
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From infrastructure point of view, EPS (E-UTRAN + EPC) is simplified & realized with less number of network elements.
In comparison with 3G, eNodeB and UE are in charge of more functions; there is no more RNC and its role is mainly being taken
care of by e-NodeB, whereas e-NodeBs are syncronized via X2 i/f.
On the performance side, EPS (LTE) supports higher throughput in UL & DL. There is a versatility to implement LTE in different
frequency bands (i.e. discrete bands from 1.4 MHz up to 20MHz). LTE also benefits from advanced antenna techniques such as
MIMO, Rx-Div & beamforming.
What's the benefit of LTE
It support higher data rates in UL/DL, lower latency and packet-switching using IP.
What's technology applied in LTE (both in UL and DL)
For DL, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) is used, whereas in UL SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) is used.
SC-FDMA is also a coded version of OFDM (DFTS-OFDM) which benefits from lower Pick to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) which helps for Lower terminal co
What's the max throughput we can achieve from LTE
With 4*4_MIMO scheme (i.e. 4 Tx antenna for eNodeB and UE), we can achive up to 300Mbps in DL and 75Mbps in UL, using
20MhZ band width.
With SISO, throughput is as high as 100Mbps for DL and 50Mbps in UL, with 20MhZ band width.
In the market, which type/categ of UE are available now
While different frequency bands (17 for LTE-FDD) is recognized for LTE usage, it is mainly implemented around 2.5GHz.
LTE frequency band consists of IMT-2000 core frequency band (1.9-2GHZ), and IMT-extended bands (2.5GHZ) and 850-900 MHZ,
1800 MHZ, AWS spectrum (1.7-2.1GHZ) and portions of UHF band.
9 In coverage planning, what are the most influence factors
RSRP (Reference Symbol Received Power) and RSRQ (Reference Symbol Received Quality) are the main factors to achieve sufficent coverage for each serv
10 In 3G, RSCP and Ec/Io are used to determined in coverage planning, How's about in LTE And why?
11 What are the range of SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, MCS and CQI values
12 What is the typical cell range of LTE
13 How do you understand RB and how does RB impact on Throughput
14 What is the typical value of latency
15 What are the type of HO? If so, pls explain me a bit of best cell HO and coverage HO?
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(Multip
(Single
eNodeB
Termianl Device
MISO
(Multiple Input, Single Output)
2*1
2 Tx Ant
1 Rx Ant
SIMO
(Single Input, Multiple Output)
1*2
1 Tx Ant
2 Rx Ant
MIMO
(Multipel Input, Multiple Output)
2*2
2 Tx Ant
2 Rx Ant
Benefits
Transmit Diversity
Beamforming
Receive Diversity
Therefore, Basic DL physical resource of LTE is Resourec Element, which corresponds to One OFDM Subcarrier using One OFD
It means, each RB corresponds to 12 OFDM sub-carriers during one 0.5ms slot.
A Resource Block corresponds to twelve OFDM sub-carriers during one 0.5 ms slot.
The smallest unit that can be allocated by the scheduler is two consecutive Resource Blocks (12 sub-carriers
during 1ms).
LTE can be impelemented with min 1.4Mhz (6RBs of each 180kHz + some req overhead) or maximum with 20MHz (100 RBs a
Active Resource Elements are used to carry the following traffic types:
The LTE symbole length is 1/15000=66.7microSec. Each symbole is followed by a 4.7 microSec "Cyclic Prefix (CP)" which is a c
The 12 subcarriers that make up an RB can thus carry 12.14=168 modulation symbols with 1 Antenna port or (12.14).2=336 w
ec "Cyclic Prefix (CP)" which is a copt of the last part of the symbole used to preserve the subcarrier orthogonality and improve its robust
1 Antenna port or (12.14).2=336 with 2 Antenna ports.
hogonality and improve its robustness in time dispersive channels. This means that each subcarrier can carry 1/(0.0667+0.007)=14 modul
Scheduling Techniques:
Time domain
Round-robin
Max C/I
Proportional fair
Frequency domain
Consecutive
Random
Measurement based
Link adaptation
Layer 1 feature
Time Domain (/user)
Modulation scheme
Channel coding
Delay/latency
User plane RTT: <10 ms
Channel set-up: <100 ms
CQI
The US estimates the quality in the downlink and signals it back to eNodeB in the Chan
RSRP
The RSRP measurement provides a cell-specific signal strength metric. This measurement is
used mainly to rank different LTE candidate cells according to their signal strength and is
used as an input for handover and cell reselection decisions. RSRP is defined for a specific
cell as the linear average over the power contributions (in Watts) of the Resource Elements
(REs) which carry cell-specific RS within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth
RSRQ
This measurement is intended to provide a cell-specific signal quality metric. Similarly to
RSRP, this metric is used mainly to rank different LTE candidate cells according to their
signal quality. This measurement is used as an input for handover and cell reselection
decisions, for example in scenarios for which RSRP measurements do not provide sufficient
information to perform reliable mobility decisions. The RSRQ is defined as the ratio
N RSRP/(LTE carrier RSSI), where N is the number of Resource Blocks (RBs) of the LTE
carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth.
MCS
As already known in 2G or 3G systems, link adaptation (different
modulation and coding scheme MCS) based on UE-reported CQI (Channel Quality Indicator)
is also possible.
odeB in the Channel Quality Indicator. The range for CQI is from 0 to 15.