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I.
Fractions
a. Definition: A fraction (also called a rational number) is a number
that represents the quotient (or division) of two integers.
a Numerator
b.
=
b Denominator
c. The denominator tells how many equal parts there are.
d. The numerator tells how many of these parts are taken or used.
e. Simplest form: A fraction is said to be written in simplest form
when there are no common factors in the numerator and
denominator. The fraction has been reduced completely.
II.
Zero
0
= 0 where c 0 .
a.
c
c
= undefined.
0
b.
0
= undefined.
0
III.
3
2 = 2
8
3
( 8 2 ) + 3 19
=
=
8
8
8
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Steps:
1. Multiply the denominator
by the whole number.
2. Add to the numerator.
3. The product becomes the
new numerator.
4. Denominator remains the
same.
Page 1 of 6
IV.
1.
2 7 14
=
3 5 15
2 6 4
=
2.
3 5 5
b.
1.
2 7 2 5 10
= =
3 5 3 7 21
2
2 19 2 6 4
2. = =
3 6 3 19 19
V.
Equivalent Fractions
a. You may multiply of divide both numerator and denominator of a
fraction by the same non-zero number without changing the
fraction.
1.
2 7 14
14 2
= and =
3 7 21
21 3
2.
2 5 2 5 10
10 2
= = and =
3 5 3 5 15
15 3
2
, by the selection of answers
5
5
30
B.
13
30
C.
10
30
D.
12
30
E.
18
30
12 2
= .
30 5
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Page 2 of 6
VI.
2 1 3
+ =
5 5 5
Ex)
7 1 6 3
= =
10 10 10 5
1 5 7
+
8 6 48
Examine each of the given denominators and
break them down into their prime factors:
8 = 2 2 2
6 = 23
48 = 2 2 2 2 3
The LCD is equal to every factor of the first
denominator multiplied by any new factor that
appears in a subsequent denominator.
LCD = 22232
We begin with
every factor of
the first
denominator.
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Page 3 of 6
1 5 7 6 40 7
+ = +
8 6 48 48 48 48
Add the equivalent fractions and reduce the answer.
6 40 7 39 13
+
=
=
48 48 48 48 16
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Page 4 of 6
Practice Problems:
1.
3
(20) =
4
13.
1
3 8 =
4
2.
5 1
+ =
8 8
14.
2 4
=
3 9
3.
5 1
=
8 8
15.
2
4 =
3
4.
1 1
+ =
2 3
16.
15 3
=
16 4
5.
2
5
+2 =
5
6
17.
11 21
=
12 4
6.
5 3
+ =
8 4
18.
7.
3 1
=
4 2
19.
14
=
0
8.
5
1
4 2 =
6
3
20.
0
=
14
9.
15 7
=
16 18
21.
1
0 =
13
10.
9 3
=
7 35
22.
11.
2 3
=
3 8
23.
4 3 5
+ =
3 10 6
12.
3 1 5
=
5 3 8
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1
=
2
1
=
13
Page 5 of 6
Answers to Fractions:
1.
15
13.
26
2.
3
4
14.
3.
15.
1
6
4.
5
6
16.
5
1
or 1
4
4
5.
17.
11
63
6.
11
3
or 1
8
8
18.
14
7.
1
4
19.
Undefined.
8.
1
2
20.
9.
79
144
21.
Undefined.
10.
6
1
or 1
5
5
22.
11.
1
4
23.
24 4
=
30 5
12.
1
8
7
30
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1
2
1
13
Page 6 of 6