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    1.0 OBJECTIVE To familiar with the physical properties of minerals in laboratory by hand. 2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES a) Students should able to identify various specimens of mineral by physical testing. b) Students should able to identify minerals content in rock formation. 3.0 THEORY Most minerals can be easily identified by using the properties discussed in this chapter. In this lab, we will use what we have learned about mineral properties to identify some common rock-forming minerals. Later, we will learn about we can use simple tests and tools to identify common minerals. 4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS a) Minerals from Reference Set b) Hardness Pens Set c) Information & Hints d) Eye dropper bottle with dilute Sulphuric Acid (appx. 10% solution) e) Mineral Identification Chart 5.0 PROCEDURE Students should learn to familiarize and observe the samples according by doing few physical tests and tabulate the results from the observation in the Table 1.1 attached for: a) Name of mineral b) Color c) Luster d) Hardness e) Reaction with acid 5.0 PROCEDURE Part A: Color 1. The name of minerals are identified. 2. Each color of minerals are examinated by using the references color of mineral in the mineral book. 3. The color of them are recorded in table. Part B: Streak 1. To determine the streak of a mineral, it is gently dragged across the streak plate and the color of the powdered mineral is observed.If a mineral is harder than the streak plate, it will not produce a streak. 2. The color of the powder is refered in the mineral book. 3. The color of them are recorded in table. . Part C: Luster 1. To determine the luster of a mineral, took the mineral and torched it by using the flash light to identify whether it is metalic, submetalic, dull or viterous. 2. The result is recorded. Part D: Hardness 1. Hardness pen set is used to determine the hardness od the minerals. It is scratched with the lowest to the biggest size of pen gently till scratch has shown on the mineral’s surface. 2. Wrote the number of pen once scratch has shown in table. Part E: Reaction with acid 1. Carefully dropped one or two drops of sulphuric acid on each mineral, 2. The result is recorded.

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    1.0 OBJECTIVE To familiar with the physical properties of minerals in laboratory by hand. 2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES a) Students should able to identify various specimens of mineral by physical testing. b) Students should able to identify minerals content in rock formation. 3.0 THEORY Most minerals can be easily identified by using the properties discussed in this chapter. In this lab, we will use what we have learned about mineral properties to identify some common rock-forming minerals. Later, we will learn about we can use simple tests and tools to identify common minerals. 4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS a) Minerals from Reference Set b) Hardness Pens Set c) Information & Hints d) Eye dropper bottle with dilute Sulphuric Acid (appx. 10% solution) e) Mineral Identification Chart 5.0 PROCEDURE Students should learn to familiarize and observe the samples according by doing few physical tests and tabulate the results from the observation in the Table 1.1 attached for: a) Name of mineral b) Color c) Luster d) Hardness e) Reaction with acid 5.0 PROCEDURE Part A: Color 1. The name of minerals are identified. 2. Each color of minerals are examinated by using the references color of mineral in the mineral book. 3. The color of them are recorded in table. Part B: Streak 1. To determine the streak of a mineral, it is gently dragged across the streak plate and the color of the powdered mineral is observed.If a mineral is harder than the streak plate, it will not produce a streak. 2. The color of the powder is refered in the mineral book. 3. The color of them are recorded in table. . Part C: Luster 1. To determine the luster of a mineral, took the mineral and torched it by using the flash light to identify whether it is metalic, submetalic, dull or viterous. 2. The result is recorded. Part D: Hardness 1. Hardness pen set is used to determine the hardness od the minerals. It is scratched with the lowest to the biggest size of pen gently till scratch has shown on the mineral’s surface. 2. Wrote the number of pen once scratch has shown in table. Part E: Reaction with acid 1. Carefully dropped one or two drops of sulphuric acid on each mineral, 2. The result is recorded.

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    425 views13 pages

    Lab Geology Minerals

    Uploaded by

    faraeiin57
    1.0 OBJECTIVE To familiar with the physical properties of minerals in laboratory by hand. 2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES a) Students should able to identify various specimens of mineral by physical testing. b) Students should able to identify minerals content in rock formation. 3.0 THEORY Most minerals can be easily identified by using the properties discussed in this chapter. In this lab, we will use what we have learned about mineral properties to identify some common rock-forming minerals. Later, we will learn about we can use simple tests and tools to identify common minerals. 4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS a) Minerals from Reference Set b) Hardness Pens Set c) Information & Hints d) Eye dropper bottle with dilute Sulphuric Acid (appx. 10% solution) e) Mineral Identification Chart 5.0 PROCEDURE Students should learn to familiarize and observe the samples according by doing few physical tests and tabulate the results from the observation in the Table 1.1 attached for: a) Name of mineral b) Color c) Luster d) Hardness e) Reaction with acid 5.0 PROCEDURE Part A: Color 1. The name of minerals are identified. 2. Each color of minerals are examinated by using the references color of mineral in the mineral book. 3. The color of them are recorded in table. Part B: Streak 1. To determine the streak of a mineral, it is gently dragged across the streak plate and the color of the powdered mineral is observed.If a mineral is harder than the streak plate, it will not produce a streak. 2. The color of the powder is refered in the mineral book. 3. The color of them are recorded in table. . Part C: Luster 1. To determine the luster of a mineral, took the mineral and torched it by using the flash light to identify whether it is metalic, submetalic, dull or viterous. 2. The result is recorded. Part D: Hardness 1. Hardness pen set is used to determine the hardness od the minerals. It is scratched with the lowest to the biggest size of pen gently till scratch has shown on the mineral’s surface. 2. Wrote the number of pen once scratch has shown in table. Part E: Reaction with acid 1. Carefully dropped one or two drops of sulphuric acid on each mineral, 2. The result is recorded.

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    of 13

    FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

    DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &


    TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
    LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
    GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
    TOPIC : IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS (LAB 1a)

    NO. OF PAGES:
    EDITION:
    NO. OF CHECKING:

    1/11
    LAB 1a

    EFECTIVE DATE :
    AMENDMENT DATE:

    1.0 OBJECTIVE
    To familiar with the physical properties of minerals in laboratory by hand.

    2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES


    a)
    b)

    Students should able to identify various specimens of mineral by physical testing.


    Students should able to identify minerals content in rock formation.

    3.0 THEORY
    Most minerals can be easily identified by using the properties discussed in this chapter. In this lab, we will use what
    we have learned about mineral properties to identify some common rock-forming minerals.
    Later, we will learn about we can use simple tests and tools to identify common minerals.

    4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS


    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)

    Minerals from Reference Set


    Hardness Pens Set
    Information & Hints
    Eye dropper bottle with dilute Sulphuric Acid (appx. 10% solution)
    Mineral Identification Chart

    5.0 PROCEDURE
    Students should learn to familiarize and observe the samples according by doing few physical tests and tabulate
    the results from the observation in the Table 1.1 attached for:
    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)

    Name of mineral
    Color
    Luster
    Hardness
    Reaction with acid

    Date : 19 March 2015

    FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING


    DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &
    TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
    LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
    GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
    TOPIC : IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS (LAB 1a)

    NO. OF PAGES:
    EDITION:
    NO. OF CHECKING:

    2/11
    LAB 1a

    EFECTIVE DATE :
    AMENDMENT DATE:

    5.0 PROCEDURE
    Part A: Color
    1. The name of minerals are identified.
    2. Each color of minerals are examinated by using the references color of mineral in the mineral book.
    3. The color of them are recorded in table.
    Part B: Streak
    1. To determine the streak of a mineral, it is gently dragged across the streak plate and the color of the
    powdered mineral is observed.If a mineral is harder than the streak plate, it will not produce a
    streak.
    2. The color of the powder is refered in the mineral book.
    3. The color of them are recorded in table.
    .
    Part C: Luster
    1. To determine the luster of a mineral, took the mineral and torched it by using the flash light to identify
    whether it is metalic, submetalic, dull or viterous.
    2. The result is recorded.
    Part D: Hardness
    1. Hardness pen set is used to determine the hardness od the minerals. It is scratched with the lowest to the
    biggest size of pen gently till scratch has shown on the minerals surface.
    2. Wrote the number of pen once scratch has shown in table.
    Part E: Reaction with acid
    1. Carefully dropped one or two drops of sulphuric acid on each mineral,
    2. The result is recorded.

    Date : 19 March 2015

    TABLE 1.1.1

    IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS

    ROCK NAME

    COLOR

    STREAK

    LUSTER

    HARDNE
    SS

    Quartz
    crystal

    Vary light
    gray

    Medium
    gray

    Dull

    Garnet

    Light
    Brownish
    gray

    Moderate
    Orange
    pink

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Pyrite

    Yellowish
    gray

    Black

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Lead ore

    Grayish
    black

    Dark
    greenish
    gray

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Light brown

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Dark grey

    Dark grey

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Microcline

    Plagioclase

    REACTION
    WITH ACID
    No reaction

    SKETCH

    TABLE 1.1.2

    IDENTIFICATION OF MINERAL

    ROCK NAME

    COLOR

    STREAK

    LUSTER

    HARDNE
    SS

    REACTION
    WITH ACID

    Muscovite
    mica

    Pale
    greenish
    yellow

    Colorless

    Vitreous

    No reaction

    Talc

    Brownish
    white

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Beryl

    Moderate
    brown

    Colorless

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Pyrite

    Yellowish
    gray

    Black

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Light brown

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Pale green

    Bluish white

    Dull

    No reaction

    Microcline

    Quartz
    (jade)

    SKETCH

    TABLE 1.2.3 IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS


    HARDNE
    SS

    REACTION
    WITH ACID

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    White

    Dull

    No reaction

    Moderate
    orange pink

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Hematite

    Grayish
    brown

    Moderate
    brown

    Metallic

    Pyrolusite

    Bluish gray

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    Dull

    ROCK NAME

    COLOR

    STREAK

    LUSTER

    Augite

    Dark gray

    Light gray

    Bauxite

    Yellowish
    gray

    Gypsum

    No reaction

    Dolomite

    Pinkish Gray

    White

    No reaction

    No reaction

    SKETCH

    TABLE 1.2.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS


    ROCK NAME

    COLOR

    STREAK

    LUSTER

    HARDNE
    SS

    REACTION
    WITH ACID

    Pyrite

    Yellowish
    gray

    Black

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Quartz
    crystal

    Vary light
    gray

    Medium
    gray

    Dull

    Talc

    Brownish
    white

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Quartz
    (jade)

    Pale green

    Bluish white

    Dull

    No reaction

    Gypsum

    Moderate
    orange pink

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Bauxite

    Yellowish
    gray

    White

    Dull

    No reaction

    No reaction

    SKETCH

    TABLE 1.2.5

    IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS

    ROCK NAME

    COLOR

    STREAK

    LUSTER

    HARDNE
    SS

    REACTION
    WITH ACID

    Plagioclase

    Dark grey

    Dark grey

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Light brown

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Muscovite
    mica

    Pale
    greenish
    yellow

    Colorless

    Vitreous

    No reaction

    Augite

    Dark gray

    Light gray

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Hematite

    Grayish
    brown

    Moderate
    brown

    Metallic

    Dolomite

    Pinkish Gray

    White

    Dull

    Microcline

    No reaction

    No reaction

    SKETCH

    TABLE 1.2.6

    IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS

    ROCK NAME

    COLOR

    STREAK

    LUSTER

    HARDNE
    SS

    REACTION
    WITH ACID

    Lead ore

    Grayish
    black

    Dark
    greenish
    gray

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Garnet

    Light
    Brownish
    gray

    Moderate
    Orange
    pink

    Metallic

    No reaction

    Dolomite

    Pinkish Gray

    White

    Dull

    No reaction

    Pyrolusite

    Bluish gray

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Talc

    Brownish
    white

    White

    Sub
    metallic

    No reaction

    Bauxite

    Yellowish
    gray

    White

    Dull

    No reaction

    SKETCH

    FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING


    DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &
    TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
    LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
    GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
    TOPIC : IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS (LAB 1a)

    NO. OF PAGES:
    EDITION:
    NO. OF CHECKING:

    9/11
    LAB 1a

    EFECTIVE DATE :
    AMENDMENT DATE:

    6.0 ANALYSIS
    (a) MINERALS NAMES
    Refer to the samples prepared (Mineral from reference set).
    (b) COLOUR
    The color of the mineral is that seen by eye. Color may be influenced by impurities in the sample, the light in the room or
    strong reflective surfaces. Therefore, color is a general rather than specific indicator.
    (c) STREAK
    Streak is the colour of a mineral in its powdered form. We can observe streak when we scraped a mineral along a
    roughened surface such as unglazed pottery (porcelain slab streak plate), that mark left behind can be a characteristic
    feature of the mineral. The streak is not necessarily the same as the color of the mineral.
    (d) LUSTRE
    Luster is reflected from the surface of a mineral, the amount of light is a function of the state of the surface. Luster is
    described in terms of the degree of brightness.
    Metallic
    Submetallic
    Dull
    Viterous

    Like polished metal


    Less brilliant
    e.g. chalk
    Like broken glass

    (e) HARDNESS
    The resistance of a mineral to abrasion (scratching) is termed hardness. This property is determined by rubbing the
    mineral to be identified against another mineral of known hardness. One will stretch the other (unless they have the same
    hardness). Geologists used a standard hardness scale, called the Mohs scale developed by German Mineralogist Friedrich
    Mohs (1773 1839) which assigns relative hardnesses to several common and a few rare and precious minerals as given
    below.
    Relative hardness
    10
    9
    8
    7
    6
    5
    4
    3
    2
    1

    Minerals
    Diamond
    Corundum
    Topaz
    Quartz
    Feldspar
    Apatite
    Fluorite
    Calcite
    Gypsum
    Talc

    Mineralogy
    Carbon
    Alumina
    Aluminium silicate
    Silica
    Alkali silica
    Calcium phosphate
    Calcium fluoride
    Calcium carbonate
    Hydrated calcium sulphate
    Hydrated magnesium silicate

    (f) REACTION WITH ACID


    When dilute sulphuric acid (typically 10%) is capped on to some minerals a reaction takes place.
    Date : 19 March 2015

    FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING


    DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &
    TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
    LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
    GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
    TOPIC : IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS (LAB 1a)

    NO. OF PAGES:
    EDITION:
    NO. OF CHECKING:

    10/11
    LAB 1a

    EFECTIVE DATE :
    AMENDMENT DATE:

    7.0 QUESTION AND DISCUSSION


    A mineral is naturally occurring and it is a solid. The mineral has a fixed chemical formula and an orderly
    crystalline structure. The mineral successfully has be classified based on their chemical composition.

    Silicates are the most widespread of the minerals. They are made up of oxygen and silicon the number one and
    number two most abundant elements in the earth's crust. They are in the form of a tetrahedron. In these silicates, the
    silicon atoms are in fourfold coordination with oxygen. This arrangement appears to be universal in these compound
    and the bonds between silicon and oxygen are so strong. Thus, the existence of a silicon tetrahedron will make a
    mineral as a silicate mineral and its absence will make it as a non silicate mineral.

    Non-silicate minerals are minerals dont contain silica tetrahedron. They are generally can be classified as
    Oxides and hydroxides, carbonates and sulfates and halides.

    Rock forming minerals are made up most of the common rocks of the earths crust and mantle. Only a few are
    abundant in the most common rock forming minerals. They are classified based on chemical composition and
    structure.

    Quartz

    These minerals are found in nearly every geologically environment and at least component of almost every rock
    type. They are crystallization from the magma took place below 867c and stable practically over the whole
    range of geological conditions. Quartz minerals are stable in both physically and chemically, hence difficult
    mineral to alter. Common color of quartz are commonly followed by colorless/white, purple, pink, gray or brown
    to black. The luster is glassy to vitreous as crystals. Cleavage is very weak, fracture is conchoidal, hardness is 7
    and streak is white.

    Mica

    Micas are a group of monoclinic minerals and are characterized by perfect cleavage. Typically paper thin, shiny,
    elastic cleavage plates. Only two common occurring mica known as biotite (dark to black), usually less
    commercial value and muscovite (colorless or slightly tinted). Abundant in granite and in many metamorphic
    rocks and is also a significant component of many sandstones.

    Date: 19 March 2015

    FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING


    DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &
    TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
    LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
    GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
    TOPIC : IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS (LAB 1a)

    NO. OF PAGES:
    EDITION:
    NO. OF CHECKING:

    11/11
    LAB 1a

    EFECTIVE DATE :
    AMENDMENT DATE:

    8.0 CONCLUSION
    As the conclusion, we have indentified there are few of minerals that have their significance in construction
    industry. Plus, minerals are nonrenewable natural resources that are vital for the construction. The aim of
    sustainable mineral development is to ensure mineral use is kept to a minimum amount without having a
    negative impact on economic growth.
    We indentified that gypsum is one of the mineral used wallboard and plaster product. Moreover, some
    gypsum are used in Portland cement and used in making of glass. Next, feldspar are used for making the tiles
    for bathroom and building. For garnet, it is used in water filtration, electronic components, ceramics, glass,
    jewelry, and abrasives used in wood furniture and transport manufacturing. Last but not least, we also
    indentified that dolomite are used in road construction and traditional building construction (especially in
    cement).

    Date: 19 March 2015

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