TO-HQ-02-011 Rev 00 Philosophy For General Electrical Design PDF

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH
Philosophy
for
Electrical Design
Onshore
Document Number
TO-HQ-02-011-00
00
Final Issue
RAW
27/5/05
A2
Client Comments Incorporated
RAW
15/4/05
A1
Issued for Comment/Approval
RAW
25/1/05
Origin
By
Date
Issue
Rev
Issue or Revision Description
JEA
31/5/05
PZ
31/5/05
MF
3/6/05
Chkd
By
Date
Appd
By
Date
Appd
By
Date
Revision
Description of revision
A1
For Comment/Approval
A2
Client Comments Incorporated
00
Final Issue
Philosophy for Electrical Design
Document Number
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Contents
1.0 PREFACE .......................................................................................................................5
2.0 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................5
3.0 ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................................................5
4.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................5
5.0 APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS........................................6
5.1
5.2
Codes and Standards List ........................................................................................................ 6

References ................................................................................................................................. 9
6.0 SYSTEM GOAL ..............................................................................................................9

7.0 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES ................................................................................................9
8.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ..................................................................................................9
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
General ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Flammable Gas/Vapour Hazards............................................................................................ 10
Standardisation of Equipment and Materials........................................................................ 11
Certificates, Declarations and Test Reports ......................................................................... 11
Quality Assurance and Control .............................................................................................. 11
9.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................11

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
9.15
General ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Classification of Loads ........................................................................................................... 13
Load Assessment and Electricity Consumption .................................................................. 13
System Voltages and Frequency............................................................................................ 13
Supply Capacity....................................................................................................................... 13
Power Generation .................................................................................................................... 13
Transmission and Distribution Systems ............................................................................... 14
Switchgear................................................................................................................................ 14
Electric Motors......................................................................................................................... 16
General Lighting ...................................................................................................................... 16
Emergency and Escape Lighting ........................................................................................... 16
Short Circuit Ratings............................................................................................................... 17
Electrical Protection ................................................................................................................ 18
Earthing .................................................................................................................................... 19
Uninterruptible, Maintained Power Supplies ........................................................................ 21
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9.16 Integrated Control Systems (ICS)........................................................................................... 22
10.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................22

10.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 22
11.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.......................................................................................................23

12.0 MAINTENANCE IN DESIGN ........................................................................................23
13.0 DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS.........................................................................24
14.0 CERTIFYING AUTHORITY REVIEW REQUIREMENTS..............................................27
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1.0
PREFACE
This Philosophy defines the OMV Exploration & Production GmbH corporate
policy on the design of Electrical Systems for onshore hydrocarbon
production and processing facilities.
The document specifies basic
requirements and criteria, defines the appropriate codes and standards, and
assists in the standardisation of facilities design across all onshore
operations.
The design process needs to consider project specific factors such as the
location, production composition, production rates and pressures, the
process selected and the size of the plant. This philosophy aims to address
a wide range of the above variables, however it is recognised that not all
circumstances can be covered. In situations where project specific
considerations may justify deviation from this philosophy, a document
supporting the request for deviation shall be submitted to OMV E&P for
approval.
Reference should be made to the parent of this philosophy, document
number TO-HQ-02-001 for information on deviation procedures and
Technical Authorities, general requirements and definitions and
abbreviations not specific to this document
2.0
DEFINITIONS
The following definition is relevant to this document.
Variable Speed
Drive System
(VSDS)
3.0
A line fed a.c. to a.c. conversion system consisting of all

facilities required to operate its electric motor at variable
speeds.
ABBREVIATIONS
There are no abbreviations with particular relevance to this document.
4.0
INTRODUCTION
This document describes the philosophy to be used for the design, engineering
and installation of electrical facilities, which comprise all fixed Electrical
Installations for power and lighting up to and including main supply facilities for
instrument and control equipment and safeguarding systems, cathodic protection
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equipment, telecommunications equipment, fire fighting and alarm equipment,

etc
5.0
APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

Codes, standards and regulations referred to in this philosophy shall be of the
latest edition and shall be applied in the following order of precedence:
Local Regulations,
The provision of this document,
International standards (e.g. ISO, IEC etc),
National standards.
Design of the safety system shall comply with the standards listed within this
philosophy, however, for instances where local standards are more onerous local
standards shall apply.
5.1
Codes and Standards List

US Codes
NFPA 70.
National Electrical Code. (NEC)
API RP 540
Electrical Installations in Petroleum processing Plants.
Institute of Petroleum Model Code of Safe Practice, Part 1, Electrical Safety

Code.
NEMA MG1
Motors and generators.
NEMA MG2
Safety Standard for Construction and Guide for Selection,

Installation and Use of Electric Motors and generators.
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEC 60034
Rotating electrical machines.
IEC 60038
Standard voltages.
IEC 60050
International electrotechnical vocabulary.
IEC 60056
High Voltage alternating current circuit-breakers.
IEC 60071
Insulation co-ordination.
IEC 60076
Power Transformers.
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IEC 60083
Plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use.
IEC 60099
Lightening arresters.
IEC 60113
Diagrams, charts, tables.
IEC 60120
Dimensions of ball & socket couplings of string insulator units.
IEC 60227
Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and

including 450/750V
IEC 60255
Electrical relays.
IEC 60298
A.C metal-enclosed switchgear and control gear for rated

voltages above 1kV and up to and including 52kV.
IEC 60309
Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial proposes.
IEC 60332
Tests on electric cables under fire conditions.
IEC 60364
Electrical Installations of buildings.
IEC 60383
Tests on insulators of ceramic material or glass for overhead lines

with a nominal voltage greater than 1000V.
IEC 60433
Characteristics of string insulator units of the long rod type.
IEC 60439
Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies.
IEC 60529
Ingress Protection Code.
IEC 60536
Classification of electrical and electronic equipment with regard to

protection against electric shock.
IEC 60549
High-voltage fuses for the external protection of shunt power

capacitors.
IEC 60593
Internal fuses and internal overpressure disconnectors for shunt

capacitors.
IEC 60617
Graphic symbols for diagrams.
IEC 60623
Vented nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable single cells.
IEC 60688
Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. electrical

quantities into d.c. electrical quantities
IEC 60742
Isolating transformers and safety isolating transformers.
IEC 60801
Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement

and control equipment.
IEC 60815
Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted

conditions.
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IEC 60831
Shunt power capacitors of the self heating type for a.c. systems
having a rated voltage up to and including 1kV.
IEC 60871
Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage

above 1kV.
IEC 60896
Stationary lead-acid batteries. General requirements and methods

of testing.
IEC 60909
Short circuit current calculation in 3 phase a.c.systems.
IEC 60947
Low Voltage switchgear and controlgear.
IEC 61000
Electromagnetic compatibility.
IEC 61089
Round wire
conductors.
IEC 61241
Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dusts.
IEC 61800
Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems
concentric
lay
overhead
electrical
stranded
International Organisation for standardisation (ISO)

ISO 9000
Quality management and quality assurance standards guidelines

for selection and use.
American Petroleum Institute (API)

API 14FZ
Reccommended Practice for Design and Installation of Electrical

Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for
Unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2 Locations
API-505
Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum

Facilities Classified as Class 1, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2
European Standards (CENELEC)

Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.
EN 50014
General requirements.
EN 50015
Oil Immersion.o
EN 50016
Pressurised apparatus p
EN 50017
Powder filled q
EN 50018
Flameproof enclosure d
EN 50019
Increased safety e
EN 50020
Intrinsic safety i
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5.2
EN 50021
Type of protection n
EN 50028
Encapsulation m
EN 50039
Intrinsically safe electrical systems i
EN50160
Voltage Characteristics
Distribution systems
of
Electricity
Supplied
by
Public
References
TO-HQ-02-012
Philosophy for Main Generators and Switchboard

Onshore.
TO-HQ-02-013Philosophy for Emergency Generator and Switchboard Onshore.

TO-HQ-02-014Philosophy for Electrical Cabling Design Onshore.
TO-HQ-02-015Philosophy for Uninterruptible Power Supplies Onshore.
TO-HQ-02-016Philosophy for Earthing, Bonding and Lightning Protection
Onshore.
TO-HQ-02-017Philosophy for Motors, Drives and Transformers Onshore.
TO-HQ-02-018Philosophy for Lighting and Trace Heating Onshore.
TO-HQ-02-023Philosophy for Safety Integrity Levels Onshore
6.0
SYSTEM GOAL
The Electrical Installation shall provide a safe and reliable supply of electricity
at all times, under all operating conditions, including those associated with
start-up and shutdown of plant and equipment, and throughout the intervening
shutdown periods.
7.0
SYSTEM BOUNDARIES
The boundary of the electrical system is the interface with the public utility supply.
8.0
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
8.1
General
The design of the Electrical Installation shall be based on the provision of a
safe and reliable supply of electricity at all times. Safe conditions shall be
ensured under all operating conditions, including those associated with start-
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up and shutdown of plant and equipment, and throughout the intervening

shutdown periods.
The design of the Electrical Installation shall ensure that access is provided for
all operational and maintenance purposes.
The design of electrical systems and equipment shall ensure that all operating
and maintenance activities can be performed safely and conveniently and
shall permit continuous operation for periods to be specified by OMV or
specified during FEED in accordance with agreed standards and local
operational requirements. To fulfil the above requirements, provisions may be
required for alternative supply sources and supply routes, spare/standby
capacity, load shedding and automatic restating schemes etc., details of which
are given in Sections 8 and 9.
The simultaneous failure of two pieces of equipment shall not be catered for.
The insulating and dielectric materials used in all electrical equipment shall be
non-toxic and shall not contain compounds that are persistent and/or
hazardous environmental contaminants, e.g. polychlorinated biphenals (PCBs)
etc.
Special attention shall be paid to provisional and temporary installations required
for the erection of permanent installations to ensure compliance with basic rules
for good working practice and safety, and to cope with increased hazards which
are present in temporary installations.
8.2
Flammable Gas/Vapour Hazards

To permit the proper selection of electrical apparatus for areas where flammable
gas or vapour risks may arise, Hazardous Area classification drawings shall be
prepared based on API-505.
Electrical equipment shall, as far as is reasonably practicable, be located in safe
areas. Control rooms and switch-houses should be situated in Non-Hazardous
Areas.
Where equipment is required to be installed in a hazardous area then API-14FZ
shall be used. This standard highlights protection techniques required for
electrical equipment to be located in Zone 0, Zone 1 or Zone 2.
Techniques are also specified for equipment that are approved for Division 1 and
Division 2 and are to be located in areas that are classed as zones.
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8.3
Standardisation of Equipment and Materials

Equipment of similar nature and incorporating similar or identical components
and of similar or identical construction should be of the same manufacture. This
applies to HV and LV switchgear with the same rated voltage, to power and
convenience outlets, and to luminaries.
Standardisation of materials and equipment shall be aimed for, as far as is
compatible with rational design. Equipment which will become obsolete in the
near future shall not be installed
8.4
Certificates, Declarations and Test Reports

For all major equipment, the Contractor shall provide OMV with at least the
manufacturers test reports in accordance with the specific design specifications,
e.g. for generators, motors, VSDS, HV and LV switchgear, UPS equipment and
transformers.
8.5
Quality Assurance and Control

Contractors and suppliers shall demonstrate to OMV that they implement quality
control and assurance systems which conform to the ISO 9000 series.
9.0
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
9.1
General
The design of the Electrical Installation shall be commensurate with any specific
design criteria philosophy and/or objective that may be stated in the project
definition phase, e.g. in a Basis of Design document and/or project specification,
relating to a particular plant or facility. For instance, it may be defined by plant
lifetime, skill of operating and maintenance personnel, operational flexibility,
extension possibilities or noise limitations, etc.
The philosophies to be employed will depend on the size and complexity of the
installation; those approved for a specific project shall be set down clearly during
the project definition phase. Any fundamental deviation thereafter shall be subject
to the OMVs approval.
The conceptual designs and philosophies relating to the electrical system shall
be adequately illustrated by the production of a system design specification, a
key line diagram, basic layout drawings and functional /outline specifications.
The electrical system and associated controls shall be designed on the basis of
forming an integral part of the process plant facilities, as far as is practicable. For
example, on-site electrical generation by the recovery of process heat energy
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and integration of the electrical system controls with process control systems
shall be considered. Furthermore, due regard should be given to the selection
and utilisation of efficient electrical equipment in order to reduce energy
consumption. The use of high efficiency / power factor electric drives, the use of
VSDS for speed, flow or power control, the selection of low-loss transformers,
etc, should be evaluated during the detail design and equipment procurement
stages of a project.
When designing electrical power systems, the following alternatives for the
electricity supply shall be considered; own generation, public utility supply, or a
combination of these within the limits and possibilities given by OMV. The design
and selection of power sources shall ensure a degree of availability
commensurate with the service required.
Generating sets should normally be in an electrically centralised location and the
distribution system arranged radially. Ring distribution systems shall be
considered for residential/ industrial facilities located at relatively large distances
from the power source or from each other.
Power factor control and/or power transfer to alternative energy sources, mainly
in connection with tariff characteristic of outside supplies, shall also be
considered.
A key line diagram of the Electrical Power System shall be prepared and kept up
to date throughout the lifetime of the plant.
System studies and protection reports, etc, shall be provided in support of the
design. Depending on the type, size and complexity of the installation, such
studies may comprise the following:
Load flow studies.
Fault level studies.
Transient stability studies under three phase fault conditions.
Dynamic performance studies under motor starting and/or loss of

generation conditions.
Protection grading studies, including relay setting schedules.
Harmonic distortion studies.
The scope of the system studies shall be defined by OMV and agreed with the
Contractor before the commencement. Where there is a public utility
interconnection, the public utilitys study requirements should be considered
within the scope of these studies.
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9.2
Classification of Loads
Electrical loads shall be classified as performing a service that is vital,
essential, or non-essential as defined in Section 2.0.
9.3
Load Assessment and Electricity Consumption

A schedule of the installed electrical loads, the maximum normal plant running
load and the peak load, expressed in kilowatts and kilovars and based on plant
design capacity when operating under the site conditions specified shall be
prepared. This shall be updated regularly throughout the design stage of the
project and shall form the basis of provision of the necessary electricity supply
and distribution system capacity.
9.4
System Voltages and Frequency

The system voltages shall be selected from IEC 60038, EN 50160 or equivalent,
subject to compatibility with any existing installation with which interconnection is
intended. The selection of system voltages shall be determined by OMV.
The frequency shall be that used by the local public utility.
9.5
Supply Capacity
The firm capacity of the electrical points of supply (generation, and associated
power plant switchgear, and/or grid intake transformers and switchgear) shall be
capable of supplying continuously 125% of the peak load, assessed in
accordance with the applicable load data without exceeding specified voltage and
frequency limits and equipment ratings.
The spare capacity at plant substations shall be a minimum defined by OMV at
the start of the construction phase, this spare capacity being retained for future
plant debottlenecking and changes.
The provision of stand-by capacity shall be considered in relation to safety,
reliability and the requirement of continuity of plant operations.
The reliability of distribution systems shall be at least comparable to their supply
systems, each incorporating sufficient stand-by capacity to enable maintenance
work, tests and inspection checks to be carried out. Electrical system
maintenance requirements shall be considered in relation to plant shutdown for
overhaul of process units.
9.6
Power Generation
The number of generating sets to be installed and their individual ratings depend
on many factors, e.g. maintenance requirements, economic size, future load
development pattern, unit reliability etc. Sufficient stand-by capacity shall be
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incorporated to fulfil the requirement of the peak load with the largest generating
set out of service.
The availability of further stand-by supply capacity to cater for generating set
failures during such maintenance/repair periods shall be provided where the
aggregate maintenance time warrants this.
For plants with own generation capable of operating in island mode, an automatic
load shedding system shall be provided.
9.7
Transmission and Distribution Systems

The economic consequences of electricity supply interruptions to essential
services generally justify the provision of stand-by feeder capacity to facilitate the
isolation of individual circuits for the purpose of equipment maintenance (e.g. onload tap-changers, circuit breakers, etc), function testing (e.g. of protective relays
and trip circuits) and possible repairs (e.g. cables and cable terminations) while
maintaining electrical services operational. Therefore the stand-by feeder
capacity shall enable the largest supply circuit to be withdrawn from service while
satisfying the peak load requirements with the margins specified.
The provision of stand-by capacity to non-essential service loads shall also be
subject to an evaluation of the load requirements in conjunction with the relevant
factors that may affect circuit reliability and circuit availability for carrying out
maintenance, testing and inspection.
Single overhead line circuits are not acceptable as a means of supplying vital or
essential consumers. Duplication of circuits to non-essential consumers may also
be required to improve reliability and to permit regular maintenance.
9.8
Switchgear
Currently available switchgear is considered to be sufficiently reliable to require
no duplication in itself. Consequently, distribution and plant switchboards,
including group motor control centres, shall have a single busbar system and a
single switching device per circuit.
HV switchboards at intake substations and power plant substations incorporating
double busbar systems may be selected as an alternative to the above
arrangement, but only if justifiable on the basis of facilitating system extension
and operating flexibility which would otherwise involve significant disruption of
electricity supply, or if facilitating a supply of differing priority/security from each
busbar. An example of the latter would be where own generation and higher
priority loads would be connected to one busbar, and a public utility supply (of
poorer reliability) together with lower priority loads to the other busbar. The bus
coupler circuit breaker would be utilised to effect disconnection in the case of grid
supply interruptions.
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Switchboards with double busbar systems shall incorporate one circuit breaker
per circuit.
HV and LV switchboards shall generally have a maximum of three sections and,
consequently, a maximum of two bus section switches. LV switchboards with four
sections in H configuration are acceptable. Special arrangements, e.g.
automatic changeover, may be required for switchboards supplying Vital
Services, where an alternative supply is required.
In the absence of quantitative analysis of circuit reliability data relating to a
specific design that would support an alternative operating mode, and unless
specific system design requirements dictate otherwise, the normal operating
position of switchboard bus section switches shall be as follows:
For LV switchboards the bus section switches shall be operated normally

open, except on switchboards at the source of supply, i.e. at LV
generator switchboards.
For HV switchboards the bus section switches shall be operated

normally closed on switchboards at intake substations, power plant
substations and distribution substations. Bus section switches shall be
operated normally open on switchboards at plant substations.
N.B.
In the above context Normally Open and Normally Closed refer to the
bus section switch position when all the incoming switchboard circuits
are available.
When a switchboard panel serves a stand-by function to one or more

main consumers, it shall be connected to a different busbar section from
that which the main consumer or consumers are connected, provided
that there is no possibility of a switchboard incoming circuit or busbar
section becoming overloaded as a consequence of the selection of any
main or stand-by consumers for operational use.
Normally open bus section switches and/or interconnectors that may

have to be operated simultaneously in the closed position shall be rated
such as to permit the largest incoming circuit feeder to be withdrawn
from service without the necessity to de-energise any switchboard
busbar section or consumer circuit.
The configurations of intake, power plant and distribution switchboards

shall permit one switchboard section to be taken out of service while still
maintaining normal downstream plant operations.
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9.9
Electric Motors
Currently available electric motors are considered sufficiently reliable for single
essential drives. For Vital Services, stand-by units shall be installed, and supplied
from a separate source of supply.
9.10
General Lighting
Industrial lighting in white colour shall in general be used for illumination. Where
special requirements regarding colour distinction exist, these shall be met.
Long life lamps in combination with electronic ballasts shall be used in new
installations and for upgrading old installations, so as to take advantage of their
increased efficiency and economic life.
High pressure discharge lamps should be used in the case of lighting high
buildings or large areas. In view of the restart time of this type of fitting after a
Voltage Dip, sufficient fluorescent luminaries shall be installed for the basic
lighting requirements of the area.
The plant lighting system shall be based on the operational requirements and
include as low as possible environmental influence.
As far as practical, fluorescent lighting shall be used throughout the plant
installations.
Refer to Document Number TO-HQ-02-018 Philosophy for Lighting and Trace
Heating Onshore for further details.
9.11
Emergency and Escape Lighting

Fixed emergency lighting shall be installed at strategic points in installations,
including control rooms, switch-rooms, fire stations, first-aid rooms, watchmens
offices, the main entrances and in all other buildings and areas where required
for safety reasons. Locations and electrical arrangements shall be such that
danger to personnel in the case of a power failure is prevented, and escape
routes are lit.
Emergency lighting shall be verified against the requirements of local authorities.
The emergency lighting system shall consist of a number of standard luminaries
of the normal lighting installation, which shall be fed via circuits having a stand-by
supply from an emergency generator or from an Inverter having a battery with an
autonomous time of at least 1 hour. In remote areas, where only a few fittings are
required, self powered emergency luminaries may be used.
Refer to Document No TO-HQ-02-018 - Philosophy for Lighting and Trace
Heating Onshore for further details.
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9.12
Short Circuit Ratings

All equipment shall be capable of withstanding the effects of short circuit currents
and consequential voltages arising in the event of equipment or circuit faults.
N.B Damage occurring at the fault location is excluded from the above.
The short circuit rating of equipment and cables, including the short circuit
making and where relevant, breaking capacity of circuit switching devices, shall
be based on the parallel operation of all supplies which can be operated in
parallel, due regard being given to the distribution of short circuit current and to
the limiting effect of system protective devices or control schemes, e.g. fuse
links, Is-limiters, automatic supply changeover arrangements, etc
N.B The short circuit current contributions from all supplies which can be
operated in parallel shall include contributions via bus switches or
inter-connectors which are capable of being operated simultaneously in the
closed position. This includes bus section switches or inter-connectors etc, which
are intended for normally open operation and on which no interlocking has been
provided to prevent simultaneous closure.
For new installations, including those forming part of plant extensions, the short
circuit rating of the switchgear to be installed shall be based on the sum of the
short circuit contributions of the following:
The maximum short circuit level at the point of supply from which the
new switchgear will be energised.
An electrical loading of the new installation such that the firm capacity of
the supply is fully utilised.
Future planned increases in short circuit level due to the direct or indirect
connection of machines, public utility supply or other sources of short
circuit current.
For a new switchboard at intake, power plant or distribution substations,

a margin of not less then + 10% shall be allowed between the calculated
fault level under the above mentioned conditions and the specified short
circuit rating of the equipment. N.B. This margin is to allow for the
tolerances permitted for machine characteristics and for increase in fault
contributions arising from variations in system voltage.
Mechanical Interlocks of switches shall be provided, where necessary, to

ensure that equipment short circuit ratings are not exceeded, due regard
being given to satisfy the above-mentioned operational requirements
with respect to the provision of firm and stand-by capacity.
Automatic break-before-make changeover arrangements of supply

capacity shall not be introduced with the specific aim of justifying the use
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of equipment having a lower short circuit rating than would otherwise be

required when based on the parallel operation of all available supplies.
9.13
The use of current-limiting reactors, Is-limiters and similar devices

intended specifically as a means of limiting the magnitude of short circuit
currents shall be permissible only when they form part of extensions or
interconnections with existing installations. The application of the above
mentioned current limiting equipment shall be considered only as a
means of achieving system extensions or interconnections which could
not otherwise be practical or economically realised without the use of
such devices.
When determining equipment short circuit ratings, the effects of

contributions from asynchronous and synchronous machines on the
switching duties of switchgear and on the dynamic and thermal loading
of the Electrical Installations in general shall be taken into account. N.B.
Short circuit current contributions from asynchronous machines need
normally only be taken into account for determining the necessary
dynamic withstand rating of equipment and the required making duty of
circuit breakers tested in accordance with IEC 60056 and IEC 60947-2.
However, where reliance is placed on circuit breakers having an
enhanced making capacity, the effects of asynchronous machine
contributions shall be taken into account in establishing the adequacy of
the fault breaking duty of circuit breakers, taking into account the decay
of the short circuit current contribution.
Any restrictions imposed by the public utility with respect to short circuit
current infeeds to their supply network shall not be exceeded.
Electrical Protection
The application and selection of protective systems and devices shall be based
on the following premises:
Electrical Installations connected to the public grid shall be protected in
compliance with the requirements of the public utility.
A standardised protection method:
The consideration to prescribe standardised protection methods shall be based
on the requirement to control the total area of electrical protection. In the design
phase attention should be paid at least to:
Identification of fault sources.
Analysis of fault sources.
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Possible elimination of the causes for the fault sources.
Protection of the parts with possible fault sources.
The safety of personnel and prevention of damage.
Standardised Protection Equipment:

The consideration to apply standardised equipment is based on the requirements
to control the reliability of the protection equipment.
Standardised Calculation Methods:
Standardised calculation methods based on acknowledged standards control the
quality (reliability and repeatability) of the protection system
The electrical system shall be equipped with automatic protection which shall
provide safeguards in the event of electrical equipment failures or system
maloperation.
Automatic protective systems shall be designed to achieve selective isolation of
faulted equipment with minimum delay. In any event this shall be within a time
corresponding to the short circuit current withstand capability of equipment,
system stability limits and the maximum fault clearance times.
9.14
Earthing
AC system neutrals shall normally be earthed as detailed below. They shall not
be designed for unearthed operation, except where forming an extension to an
existing unearthed system
HV electrical systems shall be earthed by means of dedicated earth electrodes
connected to the plant main earth grid.
HV system neutrals shall be earthed at each source of supply (transformer,
direct-connected generator etc)
For grid infeed system the neutral point of transformers should be solidly earthed,
unless otherwise stated by the public utility.
Transformer feeders to HV switchboards shall be resistance earthed. The rating
of the resistors shall be such as to limit the earth fault current supplied by the
equipment to which the resistor is connected to a magnitude approximately equal
to the rated full load current of the supply equipment. (generator or transformer)
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In situations where generators are to be connected directly to the main HV

switchboard, (i.e. not via generator transformers) each generator should be
earthed via its own earthing resistor. This however is subject to verification that
the zero sequence, triple harmonic currents (3rd, 9th, 15th etc) that could circulate
through the resistors under various loading conditions of the generators would
not be damaging to the resistors. The rating of each resistor should be such as to
limit the magnitude of the earth fault current to the rated load current of the
generator to which it is connected. A resistor of higher Ohmic value than the
aforementioned may be considered if such a resistor would limit the magnitude of
circulating harmonic current to a harmless value, provided that with such a
resistor, sufficient current would flow under each fault condition, which ensures
positive operation of earth fault protection on all circuits. If the latter is not
possible for any reason, other measures shall be adopted to limit such circulating
currents, e.g. single point earthing at one of the supply sources or provision of
controls to ensure that identical generators, each separately earthed, remain
equally loaded and excited during normal operation.
In situations where generators of dissimilar ratings, characteristics or loadings
are to be operated in parallel such as to give rise to circulating currents in the
above mentioned earthing resistors that would exceed the thermal rating of the
resistors, then the HV system shall be earthed via one resistor only. Each
generator shall then be provided with a suitable switching device (i.e. remotely
operated circuit breaker or latching contactor) to facilitate the connection of any
machine to the single earthing resistor. During normal operations, only one
generator shall be connected to the resistor. If the generator so connected is
tripped for any reason, an alarm is required to prompt manual intervention to
close the neutral-earth switching device on one of the other operating generators
to facilitate the earthing of the system.
Where generators are connected to the main switchboard via individual step-up
transformers, each generator neutral point shall be individually earthed through a
single phase distribution transformer with a secondary resistor. The resistor shall
be rated to limit the generator earth fault current to 10A or 3Ico where Ico is the
per-phase capacitive charging current, whichever is the greater. N.B The perphase capacitive current is that due to the generator stator windings, generator
transformer LV winding, and generator main cable/connections.
Each earthing transformer and resistor shall be rated to withstand the respective
earth fault currents for a duration of not less than 10s.
Resonant impedance earthing, e.g. Peterson Coil, may be considered for
systems mainly comprising overhead lines, and thus subject to transient faults,
e.g. lightning. It is advisable in this case to install a low value earthing resistor in
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parallel with the normal high impedance device so that, if a fault on an outgoing
circuit is not cleared within the allowed time, the resistor can be switched in to
provide a higher fault current to allow clearance by back-up protection.
LV electrical system neutrals at each source of supply shall be solidly earthed by
means of dedicated earth electrodes which have a direct, low impedance
connection to the plant main earth grid.
For LV equipment, earth loop impedances shall be low enough to ensure that
circuit disconnection is achieved under fault conditions within agreed parameters.
AC UPS systems shall have their neutrals solidly earthed. This applies equally to
single phase and three phase systems. The Inverter (output) neutral shall be
connected to the neutral of the bypass mains neutral, which shall be solidly
earthed.
DC systems supplying instrumentation loads and switchgear control and
protection loads shall be earthed down through a high resistance earth fault
monitoring unit with a sensitivity to be defined during detailed design.
If buried cables are used for earthing purposes, only one side of the cable screen
may be connected to the earthing rod.
9.15
Uninterruptible, Maintained Power Supplies

AC and DC power supplies for critical/vital loads shall be derived from battery
back-up UPS systems.
These may be single or duplicate systems depending on the level of reliability
required.
The output capacity of vital UPS equipment shall be sufficient to clear distribution
protection devices without the use of the mains or any by-pass system.
Systems or equipment requiring a duplicate supply shall derive each supply from
separate UPS systems.
The batteries of UPS units shall be rated to energise the relevant loads for not
less than a specified time e.g.:
0.5 hour for process plant shutdown.
1 hour for utility plants.
1 hour for emergency lighting.
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10 minutes for non-process computer installations.
8 hours for fire fighting, fire alarm and telecommunications systems.
8 hours for HV and LV switchgear control.
Where AC power supplies require to be maintained but may be interrupted by a

failure of the main distribution system, back-up power supplies may be provided
by automatically starting emergency diesel generators. The interruption of mains
supply is typically 10 to 15 seconds.
Facilities should be provided to permit periodic on-load testing of emergency
generators by enabling the generator to be synchronised with the mains supply.
Each generator shall have sufficient fuel storage capacity for at least 8 hours full
load operation.
9.16
Integrated Control Systems (ICS)

Central monitoring and control of the electrical supply and distribution system
should be integrated with the plant process Distributed Control System (DCS). A
dedicated ICS for the Electrical Power System should be considered where
centralised metering and overall electrical system supervision is required.
In addition, an ICS should provide additional features advantageous to plant
operation and maintenance, e.g. alarm logging, fault recording, plant
performance trends, self-diagnostic facilities, energy management and, if
necessary, load shedding. The use of an ICS for remote control of switchgear
should be subject to OMVs approval.
Trip signals from the electrical protection shall be derived locally at the panel, and
not form part of the external control system.
Consideration shall be given to the required interfaces between the ICS and ESD
systems.
10.0
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
10.1
General
The design of the electrical system should take account of the following:
Life cycle costs as well as the capital cost, for example testing costs,
false trip costs, commissioning and modification costs.
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Human factors.
Selection and positioning of the correct field equipment suitable for the
process and environmental conditions.
The electrical system shall provide protection for normal operation and for the
conditions that may arise from an abnormal condition.
11.0
DESIGN CRITERIA
The electrical system shall be designed to take account of the environmental
conditions of the site that it is to be located to ensure reliability is preserved.
Design of the electrical system should take account of the requirements covering
the full lifecycle of the plant.
The controls of the electrical system shall not be affected by radio-frequency
signals, from hand-held portable radio units.
All parts of the electrical system should be designed as a fail-safe system forcing
all outputs to a de-energised/ open circuit state on a failure. An exception to this
is for outputs where the failure of the output would create a hazard. Under these
circumstances the output circuit should be line monitored and configured
energised to trip.
Logic parts of the electrical system that cannot be designed as fail-safe, such as
timers, shall be used in redundant arrangements. Any single failure within a
redundant arrangement shall not prevent a demanded trip.
Digital and analogue signals shall be segregated from one another.
It should be noted that the CE Mark, or CE marking as it is officially named, is
an obligatory product mark for the European market, which indicates
compliance 'certification' according to the requirements formulated in the
approximately 22 European 'CE Marking Directives' and subsequent
European standards.
12.0
MAINTENANCE IN DESIGN
The electrical system shall be designed taking maintainability into consideration
by simplifying maintenance and reducing maintenance costs where practical.
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There should be sufficient maintenance overrides, redundancy and bypasses to

enable parts of the electrical system to be maintained and tested minimising
operational down time.
The electrical system should be designed to allow modifications and
development to be implemented whilst minimising disruption to the process.
A separate engineers interface should be provided to the electrical system.
13.0
DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
All necessary drawings documents and reports relating to the design of the
Electrical Installation and for its operation, and all necessary drawings required
for the installation interconnection of equipment and cabling shall form part of the
design package. The documents, reports and drawings shall be prepared and
submitted for approval as required by the client. This shall generally be in two
stages for document preparation and approval, namely Project Specification and
Design and Engineering which are typically required during the definition and
implementation phases of a project.
Fully detailed construction drawings shall be provided so that the site
construction contractor can install all electrical equipment with no design effort.
Vendor information and details shall be incorporated in the design package as
soon as it becomes available.
Such information shall be updated when alterations to the design are made and
shall include additional information that is required during construction or may be
required for future maintenance, troubleshooting and operation.
As built drawings shall be prepared for the project covering all parts of the
Electrical Installation and for its operation and all necessary related civil
engineering, mechanical and instrumentation work.
Documents shall include:
Key single line diagram. This shall show the complete a.c. electrical generation
and distribution system of the plant including all HV feeds, main LV feeds and
sub-distribution boards, together with:
all sources of electrical power.
The principal supply and distribution system interconnections at each

voltage level.
System capacities, equipment ratings and impedances, winding

configurations and earthing arrangements.
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Block diagrams.
Block Diagram: This shall show the basic control and protection systems
defining the protection, control, trip and alarm functions to be fulfilled at the
different locations. It shall also indicate the reference signals and controls needed
and all the auxiliary supplies required such as air, lube-oil, cooling water,
electrical auxiliary supplies etc.
Single Line Diagram: This shall detail the main circuitry and its earthing
systems. It shall also indicate the instrument transformers, relays, meters, etc, for
the control, protection and operation of the equipment together with electrical
data such as voltage, current and impedances.
A single line diagram of a.c. and d.c. interruptible and Uninterruptible, Maintained
Electricity Supply systems shall be provided. The single line diagram shall detail
for each system the system configuration, earthing arrangements, UPS and
emergency generator ratings, the equipment number, function, location, nominal
voltages, maximum load, number and type of battery cells and battery Autonomy
Time.
Switchgear drawings: The following drawings shall be provided for each HV
and LV switchboard:
circuit/schematic or control diagrams, showing all circuit details in a

schematic form to control a motor or other power device, and all
information necessary for the identification and connection of the
components and wiring.
Interconnection/connection diagrams showing the external connection

details of a switchgear panel, relay box or junction box, etc.
Block diagrams showing the interconnection of the various items of

equipment of a power system in a diagrammatic manner.
Switchboard layouts showing the basic information needed for the

construction, i.e. the switchboard outline dimensions, and the
switchboard front outline layout.
Layout drawings: A substation/switchroom layout drawing shows the physical

location and the civil provisions to be made for the installation of all transformers,
switchgear and other electrical power, lighting, earthing and auxiliary equipment
located in a substation. The cable runs and support systems shall also be shown.
Space requirements for future switchgear, correct location and dimensions of
transits in the substation floor for existing and future switchgear shall be shown.
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Power, lighting, earthing, substation, and trench layout drawings shall identify:
all major process equipment by their item numbers.
All electrical equipment and cables by their equipment and cable numbers.
Cathodic protection (CP) and ventilating systems (HVAC)
The power layouts shall show all power cabling, identified by cable numbers,
lighting supply cables up to the main junction boxes, and the power and
convenience outlet distribution board feeder cables.
Lighting and Small Power layouts shall show all luminaries, (normal and
emergency), all level gauges, all power and convenience outlets distribution
boards, and all boxes and cable routing, downstream of the main distribution
boxes.
N.B. Luminaires etc, shall be identified by a support detail reference, circuit
reference, and fitting/outlet reference. If required for clarity, separate or additional
layouts should be prepared for different levels within a building or installation.
Earthing layouts shall show the main earthing grid, branch connections, earth
electrodes, earth bars and conductor sizes for both the electrical earthing system
and instrument clean earth system.
Cathodic protection layouts shall include all items to be protected, (such as:
cables, rectifiers, anodes, reference cells, connection boxes, measuring posts,
insulation joints.)
HVAC layouts shall include all items involved, such as ducts, heat exchangers,
panels, heaters, fans, and cabling. As far as possible drawings shall be
combined with the other electrical drawings.
The cable trench layouts shall show the physical location of all underground
cable trenches, underground pipes and ducts.
Cross-sectional arrangement drawings shall be provided for all cable trenches,
ducts and above ground cable routes showing the location and number of each
cable along the routes.
Construction drawings (typical): Shall show typical construction and mounting
details of the power, lighting and earthing installations which cannot otherwise be
shown on the layouts. Each detail shall have a unique reference.
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Area classification drawings: These shall show the classification of the areas
with respect to the gas or vapour or dust explosion hazard, and shall include
sectional elevations where needed for clarity.
Vendor drawings: Shall be provided to show as a minimum all the information
specified in the relevant specification and requisition.
Equipment and Cable numbering: A logic system of numbering shall utilised.
For plants having an existing numbering system, this system shall be followed.
14.0
CERTIFYING AUTHORITY REVIEW REQUIREMENTS

Some plants may require the design to be certified or validated by an
independent certification authority due to local regulations or as instructed by
OMV. Under these circumstances the certifying authority will require as a
minimum the following documents for review:
Basis of design document
Functional design specification
Key single line drawings.
Cause and effect drawings
Layout drawings
Hazardous Area drawings.
Electrical Protection Study
Integrity Assessment (refer to Document No TO-HQ-02-023 - Philosophy

for Safety Integrity Levels Onshore)
Reliability assessment and calculations
These should be issued to the CA in a timely manner to obtain approval before

commencing construction.
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OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

Client Comments Incorporated

Issued for Comment/Approval

Issue or Revision Description

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

Client Comments Incorporated

Philosophy for Electrical Design

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

Codes and Standards List ........................................................................................................ 6

6.0 SYSTEM GOAL ..............................................................................................................9

9.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................11

Philosophy for Electrical Design

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

9.16 Integrated Control Systems (ICS)........................................................................................... 22

10.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................22

11.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.......................................................................................................23

Philosophy for Electrical Design

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

A line fed a.c. to a.c. conversion system consisting of all

Philosophy for Electrical Design

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

equipment, telecommunications equipment, fire fighting and alarm equipment,

APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

The provision of this document,

International standards (e.g. ISO, IEC etc),

Codes and Standards List

National Electrical Code. (NEC)

Electrical Installations in Petroleum processing Plants.

Institute of Petroleum Model Code of Safe Practice, Part 1, Electrical Safety

Motors and generators.

Safety Standard for Construction and Guide for Selection,

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Rotating electrical machines.

International electrotechnical vocabulary.

High Voltage alternating current circuit-breakers.

Philosophy for Electrical Design

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

Plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use.

Diagrams, charts, tables.

Dimensions of ball & socket couplings of string insulator units.

Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and

A.C metal-enclosed switchgear and control gear for rated

Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial proposes.

Tests on electric cables under fire conditions.

Electrical Installations of buildings.

Tests on insulators of ceramic material or glass for overhead lines

Characteristics of string insulator units of the long rod type.

Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies.

Ingress Protection Code.

Classification of electrical and electronic equipment with regard to

High-voltage fuses for the external protection of shunt power

Internal fuses and internal overpressure disconnectors for shunt

Graphic symbols for diagrams.

Vented nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable single cells.

Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. electrical

Isolating transformers and safety isolating transformers.

Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement

Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted

Philosophy for Electrical Design

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage

Stationary lead-acid batteries. General requirements and methods