Professional Documents
Culture Documents
&
c&
Db
=
=
gC
=
=
uo
=
=
L
Lo
Vo =
=
y,
yo =
Greek Letters
8
pj
pp
=
=
jet half-angle
density of fluid
LITERATURE CITED
= density of solids
and
MICHAEL G. KESLER
Mobi, Research and Development Corporation
Post Office Box 1026
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
SCOPE
The 3-parameter corresponding states principle as proposed by Pitzer and co-workers has been widely used to
correlate the volumetric and thermodynamic properties
needed for process design. The original correlations by
Pitzer et al., based on that principle, were limited to
reduced temperatures above 0.8. Several extensions to
lower temperatures have appeared in the last five years.
Most of these correlations are in tabular or graphical form,
difficult to implement on the computer. Also, significant
discrepancies appear at the interface (near T, = 0.8)
Page 510
May, 1975
TABLE1. CONSTANTS
FOR EQUATION
(3)
Constant
Simple fluids
Reference fluids
Constant
Simple fluids
Reference fluid
0.1181193
0.265728
0.154790
0.030323
0.0236744
0.0186984
0.2026579
0.331511
0.027655
0.203488
0.0313385
0.0503618
c3
di x 104
d2 x 104
B
0.0
0.042724
0.155488
0.623689
0.65392
0.016901
0.041577
0.48736
0.0740336
1.226
0.060167
0.03754
No. 3)
c4
May, 1975
Page 511
OF WORK
In determining the constants in these equations, the following constraints, Equations (7) and ( 8 ) , were used
along with the data shown in Tables 3 and 4.
fv = f L
(>,,
av,
(T)
av,
Tr
(7)
(8)
TABLE
2.COMPARISON
OF REDUCEDVAPORPRESSURE
TI
This work
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.70
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.60
0.58
0.000
0.051
0.103
0.157
0.213
0.270
0.329
0.390
0.454
0.521
0.591
0.665
0.742
0.823
0.909
1.000
1.096
1.199
1.308
1.425
1.549
1.683
1.827
1.982
2.150
2.332
2.530
2.746
2.983
3.244
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.44
0.42
0.38
3.532
3.852
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
4.209
4.609
5.062
5.578
0.40
-Log P,(O)
CarruthKobayashi
Pitzer et al.
0.0
0.050
0.102
0.156
0.212
0.270
0.330
0.391
0.455
0.522
0.592
0.665
0.742
0.823
0.909
1.000
1.096
1.198
1.308
1.426
1.552
1.688
1.834
1.000
1.096
1.198
1.308
1.424
1.544
1.680
1.818
1.965
2.130
2.315
2.515
2.730
2.970
3.240
3.540
3.870
4.220
4.600
5.005
5.450
-Log
Hsi-Lu
0.591
0.664
0.740
0.823
0.908
1.000
1.099
1.199
1.307
1.420
1.543
1.679
1.823
1.982
2.149
2.333
This work
Pitzer et al.
0.000
0.042
0.086
0.132
0.179
0.229
0.282
0.339
0.400
0.466
0.537
0.615
0.699
0.790
0.890
1.000
1.120
1.252
1.397
1.557
1.734
1.929
2.144
2.383
2.648
2.944
3.273
3.642
4.056
4.521
5.047
5.644
8.323
7.102
8.000
9.042
0.0
0.042
0.086
0.133
0.180
0.230
0.285
0.345
0.405
0.475
0.545
0.620
0.705
0.800
0.895
1.000
1.120
1.25
1.39
1.54
1.70
1.88
2.08
Pr(l)
CarruthKobayashi
1.000
1.120
1.250
1.390
1.545
1.710
1.908
2.120
2.370
2.660
2.960
3.310
3.695
4.100
4.540
5.010
5.560
6.240
7.080
8.300
9.940
Hsi-Lu
0.542
0.620
0.709
0.789
0.880
1.000
1.078
1.206
1.343
1.518
1.688
1.867
2.061
2.273
2.526
2.826
B
l n ( + ) = z - l - l n ( z ) + - + - - - ; -v,
+7
C
2v,
SV, + E
(9)
where
E=-{
c4
b.
B+l-(B+I
~ 3 ~
Enthalpy departure
H-He
RTc
=T,{ Z - 1 -
c.
~2
b2
+ 2b3/T, + 3b4/Tr2
T,V,
- 3c3/Tr2
2T,VT2
+-5TrVT5
d2 + 3 E }
(11)
Entropy departure
TABLE
3. COMPARISON
OF CALCULATED
COMPRESSIBILITY
FACTORS
WITH LITERATURE
DATA
No. of points
T,
21
16
18
17
12
9
13
9
15
14
17
12
13
16
0.79-1.44
0.74-1.06
1.O-1.15
0.76-1.07
0.66-0.96
0.46-0.70
0.52-0.86
0.41-0.72
0.41-0.72
0.44-0.78
0.56-0.92
0.55-0.91
0.74-0.92
0.7-1.28
0.53-0.86
0.32-10
0.34-8.5
1.05-9.5
0.16-8.9
0.20-8.2
0.04
0.6-15
0.05
0.06
0.0-23
0.34-8.5
0.28-7.0
0.16-7.7
0.34-8.5
0.1-7.0
1.06
1.06
1.17
2.22
1.87
1.26
1.09
0.99
1.14
2.82
0.43
3.15
1.12
0.86
1.03
Vennix et al.
Sage and Lacey
Dawson et al.
Day and Felsing
Felsing and Watson
Chappelow et al.
Sage and Lacey
Rossini et al.
Rossini et al.
Doolittle
Reamer and Sage
Sage and Lacey
Sage and Lacey
Reamer et al.
Reamer and Sage
(1970)
(1955)
(1974)
( 1951 )
(1942)
19711
(1955j
( 1953)
( 1953)
(1964)
(1957)
(1955)
(1955)
(1960)
(19.66)
10
0.45-0.55
0.06-7.6
2.84
Snyder et al.
( 19741
9
15
0.43-0.52
0.64-1.56
0.06-8.7
3.8-21
3.46
0.95
Snyder et al.
Reamer and Sage
(1974)
(1957)
20
0.53-1.60
0.9-29
1.84
(19%)
Methane'
Neopentane"
16
24
u)
1.3-2.0
0.05-0.76
0.01-7.7
0.3
0.44
0.41
Vennix et al.
H2S
1.09-1.17
0.8-1.15
0.74-1.19
Dawson et al.
Sage and Lacey
(1970)
(1974)
(1955)
5
7
7
5
15
0.78-1.0
0.63-0.86
0.55-0.91
0.76-1.0
0.7-1.03
0.59-1.56
0.17-1.0
0.01-0.3
0-0.51
0.15-1.O
0.3-1.57
4.4-21
1.55
1.36
3.15
1.96
0.97
1.68
(1955)
(1955)
(1955)
(1955)
(1960)
(1957)
6
7
5
15
0.78-1.0
0.76-1.O
0.7-1.03
2.8-8.7
0.17-1.0
0.15-1.O
0.02-0.75
6.1-31.4
1.51
4.12
2.52
1.33
(1955)
(19%)
(1960)
(1957)
Systems
PT
References
Subcooled liquid
and dense phase
Methane'
ldutene
Neopentane"
1-Pentene
n-Ocehe'
n-Octaneo
n-Nonane
n-Decane'
n-Dodecane
n-Heptadecane
Cyclohexane
Benzene
H2S
Ethane-n-pentane
Propane-n-decane
n-Decane-n-tetradecane
n-Dodecane-n-hexadecane
Hydrogen-n-hexane
Methane-n-Butanen-Decane
Superheated-vapor
Saturated liquid
1-Butene
n-Nonane
Benzene
H2S
Ethane-n-pentane
Hydrogen-n-hexane
Saturated vapor
1-Butene
H2S
Ethane-n-pentane
Hydrogen-n-hexane
O
May, 1975
Page 513
TABLE
4. COMPARISON
OF CALCULATED
ENTMLPIES
WITH LITERATURE
DATA
System
No. of points
Tr
p,
40
70
42
66
50
30
25
36
37
0.61-1.49
0.4-1.35
0.32-1.07
0.63-1.3
0.52-1.03
0.41-0.85
0.95-1.05
0.76-1.12
0.83-1.15
0.37-3.0
0.28-2.83
0.81-3.25
0.41-2.87
0.55-3.88
0.19-6.8
0.38-2.64
0.17-2.37
0.28-1.97
2600
2300
2100
3000
2600
4000
5600
2800
3300
Jones et al.
Starling
Yesavage
Lenoir et al.
Lenoir et al.
Lenoir and Hipkin
Lenoir et al.
Lenoir et al.
Lenoir et al.
(1963)
(1972)
(1968)
(1970)
( 1970)
( 1970)
(1971)
(1971)
( 1971 )
44
0.4-1.36
0.37-3.0
6100
Yesavage
(1968)
28
0.82-1.14
0.38-3.02
1600
Starling
( 1972)
13
0.58-1.04
0.46-3.25
2600
Lenoir et al.
(1970)
19
0.83-1.06
0.38-2.66
2600
Lenoir et al.
(1971)
26
0.55-0.98
0.08-4.22
7400
( 1970)
18
0.74-0.87
0.31-4.4
4600
Hayworth et al.
( 1971 )
Methane'
Ethane
Propane'
n-Pentane'
n-Octane'
n-Hexadecane '
cis-2-pentene
Cyclohexane
Benzene
Methane-propane
49.4%-50.6%
Ethane-propane
49.8 %-50.2%
ra-Pentane-n-octane
59.7%-40.3%
n-pentane-cyclohexane
61.2%-38.8%
n-pentane-n-hexadecane
58.7%-41.3%
Benzene-n-hexadecane
58.1%-41.9%
References
where P o
e.
T2V,
6E
(13)
Tr3VrZ
c, - C,'
c, - C,'
- 1 - Tr(
",',
aTr
(av,5 )
Tr
(14)
where
bi
+ b3/Tr2 + 2b4/Tr3
V,
c1 - 2c3/T2
2v2
2B
dl
+-5vr5
3C
+-6D
Page 514
May, 1975
2. Repeat step 1, using the same T , and P,, but employing the reference fluid constants from Table 1. A new
V, and Z C r )will be obtained. With these, Equation (11)
allows the calculation of [ ( H - H')/RTc](r). In this
calculation, 2 in Equation (11) is 22,).
3. Determine the enthalpy departure function for the
fluid of interest from
.
I
.
an
an
;c
0 9926
0.9942
0~ 9 9 5 4
0.9964
0.9971
0 e9985
0.9988
0.9991
0.9993
0 9994
1 m30
1 m40
1 .so
1 e60
3.00
3.50
4.00
2.60
2.80
2.40
1.90
2.00
2.20
1 .80
1.70
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0001
1.0001
1 e0004
1 m0005
0.9998
1.0000
1 moo02
0.9977
0.9982
0 9986
0 e9992
0.9996
0 m9842
0 e9855
0 r9874
0.9891
0 a9904
0 e9969
0.9971
0 a9975
0 m9978
0.9981
1.02
1 a05
1.10
1.15
1 c20
0 9996
0 9997
0 9990
0 9999
0.9815
0.9821
0 m9826
0.9832
0.9837
0 9963
0 9965
0 m9966
0 e9967
0 m9968
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
0.90
0.93
0.95
0 a9995
0.9669
0.9725
0.9768
0.9790
0.9803
0 9935
0 m9946
0 9954
0 .9959
0.9961
0.85
0.80
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.100
0 9997
1.0001
1 m0004
1.0008
1.0010
0.9823
0.9861
0.9892
0.9937
0 9969
0.9991
1 e0007
1.0018
1 m0035
1.0043
0.9910
0 m9929
0.9944
0.9967
0 a9983
0 9994
1 moo02
1.0008
1.0017
1.0021
0 m9396
0 953%
0.9636
0.9714
0.9775
0.9792
0.9768
0.9818
0.9856
0.9886
0 m9852
0 9884
0.9909
0 e9928
0.9943
0 m9955
0 9964
0 e9972
0 e9983
0.9991
0.8610
0 m8743
0 m8930
0.9081
0.9205
0.9343
0.9401
0 m9485
0 m9554
0 m9611
0.9990
1.0021
1 0043
1.0075
1 e0090
0.9990
1.0013
1a0030
1 m0055
1 m0066
0.9910
0.9957
0.9842
0~ 9 6 5 9
0.9735
0 m9796
0 m9886
0 9948
0 &764
0.9062
0.9278
0 m9439
0 9563
0 m9083
0 m9298
0 m9456
0.9575
0.9667
0.9739
0 m9796
0.6710
0.7130
0 e7649
0.8032
0.8330
0.7761
0.8002
0A 3 2 3
0 m8S76
0 e8779
0 m9993
1 e0031
1.0057
1.0097
1.0115
0 e9583
0.9678
0.9754
0 m9865
0.9941
0.8438
0 m8827
0.9103
0.9308
0.9463
0.5146
0.6026
0.6880
0.7443
0.7858
0 6344
0.7202
0 7887
0.8410
0.8809
0 m9297
0.9557
0.9772
1 m0094
1.0313
1.0463
1 0565
1 0635
1 m0723
1 m0747
0.9118
0 m9359
0.9550
0.9827
1.0011
1.0137
1 m0223
1 0284
1 m0368
1.0401
0.9275
0 9456
0 9599
0.9806
0 9945
1.0040
1.0106
1.0153
1 .0221
1 m0249
0.9413
0 m9552
0 m9664
0 m9826
0 e9935
1.0010
1 0063
1.0101
1.0156
1.0179
0 9998
1.0042
1 m0074
1.0120
1.0140
0 7358
0.7761
0.8200
0.8617
0.8984
0.9511
0 m9624
0.9715
0.9847
0 9936
0 7624
0 m8256
0 e8689
0.9000
0 9234
0.6908
0 a7753
0 ma328
0 m8738
0 e9043
0.8111
0 8595
0 me933
0.9180
0 m9367
0.5042
0 5425
0.6980
0 m6956
0.6950
0.6987
0.7069
0.4547
0.4604
0.4770
0.3297
0 3452
0.3953
0.4760
0 m5605
0.2715
0.3131
0.4589
0.5798
0.6605
0 7052
0.7035
0.7018
0.7004
0.6991
0.4504
0.4508
0.4514
0A 5 2 2
0.4533
0 m2629
0 a4437
0 m5984
0.6803
0 7363
0 m7598
0.7388
0.7220
0.7138
0.7092
0.4690
0.4591
0.4527
0.6507
0.4501
0.3164
0.3182
0.3204
0.3229
0.3260
0 mY475
0 8959
0 8526
0.6161
0 7854
0.5747
0 m5446
0.5197
0.4991
0.4823
0 m2474
0 m2503
0 2538
0 e2583
0.2640
0.3182
0.3132
0.3114
0.3122
0.3138
0.2411
0.2382
0 2383
0.2405
0 9 2432
1 m4366
1 .2902
1 1758
1.0841
1 m0094
0 .a648
0.7775
0 7095
Urn6551
0.6110
5.000
3.000
0.2055
0.2097
0.2154
0.2237
0 e2370
0.1779
0 1844
0 1959
0.2901
0.4648
0.5580
0.5887
0.6138
0.6353
0 a6542
0.7240
0.7360
0.7471
0.7574
0.7671
0 8338
0.8398
0 ma455
0.8509
0.8561
0.1942
0.1924
0.1935
6.1963
0.1998
0 1626
0.1614
0 1630
0 1664
0.1705
0.1307
0.1301
0.1321
0.1359
0.1410
0 0985
0.0983
0.1006
0 m6635
0.6967
0.0661
0.0661
0.7800
0.8059
0 a8206
0 m3853
0,5775
0.5195
0.4744
0.4384
0 m4092
0 3657
0 3495
0 m3364
0.3260
0.4335
0.3901
0 3563
0 3294
0.3077
0.3470
0.3123
0 m2853
0 m2638
0 2465
2.000
0 2899
0.2753
0 2634
0 m2538
0 m2464
1 m500
1.200
0 a2323
0.2207
0.2113
0.2038
0.1981
0 e2892
0.2604
0 2379
0.2200
0.2056
1 moo0
0.1939
0.1842
0.1765
0.1703
Om1656
0.2315
0 e2084
0.1904
0.1762
0.1647
0.800
0.1553
0.1476
0.1415
0.1366
0.1330
0.1737
0 1564
0 1429
0.1322
0 1236
0.600
0.1166
0.1109
Om1063
0.1027
0.1001
0.0778
0.0741
0.0710
0 0687
0 0670
0.1158
0.1043
0 0953
0 0882
0 0825
0.400
0.9679
0.9107
0 a9747
0.9780
0.9808
0.9227
0 a9253
0.9277
0.9300
0.9322
0 a8539
0.8810
0.9015
0.9115
0.9174
0.9319
0 e9436
0 9528
0.9573
0.9600
0 m9625
0.9637
0 m9648
0 m9659
0 m9669
0.0390
0.0371
0 0356
0.0344
0 0336
0 0579
0 0522
0 0477
0.0442
0.0413
0.200
0.0195
0.0186
0.0178
0.8958
0.9165
0 0290
0.0145
0.0261
0.0130
0 0239
0.0119
0.0221
0.0110
010103 0.0207
0.050
Om0098
0.0093
0.9377
0.9504
0.9598
0 0029
0.0026
0.0024
0 0022
0.0021
0.010
0 m9804
0.9849
0.9881
0.9904
0 e9922
0.55
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.35
0.30
TH
OF Z(0)
PR
TABLE5. VALUE^
2.8507
2 5539
2.3211
2.1338
1 e9801
10.000
1 2968
1 r2901
1 2835
1 m2772
1.2710
1 e2650
1.2481
1 2232
1 .2021
1 1844
1 1580
0.9480
0 m9442
0.9406
0 m9372
0 m9339
0.9307
0 9222
0.9110
0.9033
0.8990
0 8998
0.9112
0 m9297
0.9518
0.9745
1 1391
1 1452
1 1516
1 1635
1.1728
1.1792
1 1830
1.1848
1 1834
1 1773
0.9961
1.0157
1 0328
1 a0600
1 0793
1 0926
1.1016
1 1075
1.1138
1.1136
1.1419
1.1339
1.1320
1.1343
1 m4456
1 e3943
1 3496
1 3257
1.3108
1 m0400
1 e0071
0.9793
0 9648
0.9561
1.3137
11.7440
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1 a2398
1.1773
1 m6519
1 1241 1 e5729
1*0787 1 m5047
2.0048
1 m7987
1 m6373
1 e5077
1.4017
7.000
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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P P P P P
w 4 a m o
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0 0 0 0 0
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S O r N W
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0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
rrrrr
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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1 1 4 1 1
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0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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S W 4 W N
0
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1 1 1 1 8
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0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
c c c r c
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0
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ccccc
mm44-4
-Imowm
0 0 0 0 0
o w U I m 9
mUlUlwOJ
.....
N W W O P
UlOPoJIU
UlNN4N
.....
900-N
OIolJIWr
m 4 m m 9
UlNO99
W S * * W
UINWm-
m e w 4 9
N W U l e 4
rUINr0
0 0 0 0 0
o o r r r
NNNNN
WOIOWUI
PrN4UI
m4mmm
.....
N N N N W
W U l Q 3 9 0
- 4 O D r - 0
m P 4 u I 9
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
0
0
0
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1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
.....
I1 1 8 1 1
J 1 1 8 8
..... .
) ( I 8 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
c
0
0
0
(0
to
rn
rg
Y
1 .80
1.90
2.00
2.20
2.40
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.017
0.015
0.014
0.012
0.010
0.003
0.003
0.003
0 002
0.002
1.30
1.40
1 .50
1 e60
1.70
0 002
0.031
0 027
0 024
0.021
0.019
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
1.02
1 .05
1.10
1.15
1.20
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.004
0 049
0 046
0.042
0 039
0 036
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.50
4.00
0 054
0.053
0.052
0.051
0.050
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.90
0.93
0.95
0.070
0.069
0 062
00058
0 056
0.015
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.80
0.85
032
027
023
020
0.017
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
5.312
5.162
0.118
0.101
0 088
6 043
5 904
5.761
5.612
5.463
6.045
5.906
5 763
5.615
5.465
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0
0
0
0
0.050
0.010
TR
0.048
0.016
0.014
0.011
0.007
0.005
0 034
0.031
0.028
0 023
0.019
0.038
0 043
0 063
0 055
0 099
0.094
0 086
0.079
0.073
0.109
0.107
0.105
0.103
0.101
0.160
0.141
0.126
0.118
0.113
5.309
5.159
5.008
0.213
0.183
6.040
5.901
5.757
5 609
5.459
0.100
0.023
0.015
0.009
0 032
0 027
0.038
0.068
0.062
0 056
0.046
0.127
0.110
0.097
0 086
0 076
0.203
0.192
0.175
0.160
0.148
0.225
0.221
0.216
0.212
0.208
0.345
0.300
0.264
0.246
0.235
4.687
4.848
5.303
5.153
5.002
6.034
5.895
5.751
5.603
5 453
0.200
0.029
0.017
0 064
0.054
0 045
0.137
0.123
0.111
0 092
0 076
0.259
0.224
0.196
0.173
0.153
0.434
0.407
0.367
0.334
0.305
0.490
0.478
0 .466
0.455
0.445
4.507
4.309
0.596
0 545
0.516
5.290
5.141
4.991
4.838
4 679
6.022
5.882
5.738
5.590
5.440
0.400
0.095
01080
0.067
0.043
0.026
0.206
0.185
0.167
0.137
0.114
0.399
0.341
0.297
0.261
0.231
0.708
0.654
0.5ai
0.523
0.474
0.797
0.773
0.750
0.720
0.824
0.885
4.504
4.313
4.074
0.960
5.270
5.129
4.980
4.828
4.672
6.011
5.870
5.726
5.577
5.427
0.600
0.088
0.056
0.033
0.125
0.105
0.275
0.246
0.222
0.182
0.150
0.545
0.463
0.400
0.350
0.309
1.060
0.955
0.827
0.732
0.657
1.356
1.273
1.206
1.151
1.102
4.499
4.316
4.094
3.920
3.763
5.265
5.116
4.968
4.818
4.664
5.999
5.858
5.713
5.564
5.414
0.800
0.155
0.130
0.109
0.069
0.041
0.344
0.307
0.276
0.226
0.187
0.698
0.588
0.505
0.440
0.387
1.627
1.359
1.120
0.968
0.857
3.658
3.544
3.376
2.584
1.796
4.494
4.316
4.108
3.953
3.825
4.655
4.808
5.252
5.104
4.956
5.987
5,045
5.700
5.551
5.401
1.000
PR
H" - H
TABLE~ . V A L U E S O E- __
RT,
J
.
.
0 048
0.228
0.190
0.159
0 099
0 058
0.297
0 246
0.205
0.127
0.072
0.683
0.606
0.541
0.437
0 359
0.515
0.451)
0.411
0.334
0.275
0.413
0.368
0.330
0 269
0.222
00185
0.154
0.129
0.081
1 .560
1 a253
1.046
0.894
01777
1.116
0.915
0.774
0.667
0.583
0.860
0.716
0.611
0.531
0.466
3.595
3.398
2 965
2 479
2.079
3.853
3.806
3.758
3.706
3 652
4 459
4.302
4.132
4.020
3.940
5.187
5.041
4.896
4.752
4.607
5.927
5.783
5.636
5.486
5 336
2.000
3.422
3.030
2.203
1.719
1e443
3 796
3.736
3.670
3 598
3.516
4.478
4.31Z
4.127
4.000
3.904
5.220
5.073
4.927
4.781
4.632
5.957
5.814
5.668
5.519
5 369
1 *SO0
3 039
2 034
1 e487
1 e239
1.076
3.732
3.652
3.558
3.441
3 283
4.316
4.118
3.976
3 865
4 488
5 239
5.091
4.945
4 797
4 646
5.975
5.833
5.687
5.538
5 388
1.200
0.621
0.508
0.615
0.239
0.116
0 756
0.614
0.495
0.270
0.110
1 a476
0.996
0.880
0 782
0.629
0.513
0.422
0 348
0.288
0.174
0.095
1.751
1.571
1 .411
1 143
0.929
2 9825
2 486
2.175
1 .904
1 m672
2.274
1.857
1.549
1.318
1 139
1 .309
1.167
0.937
0.761
2 942
2.679
2.421
2.177
1 .953
3.647
3 575
3 453
3 329
3.202
..
3.767
3 743
3.719
3.695
3.671
4.178
4.056
3.935
3 863
3.815
4.704
4.565
4 432
4.303
4 849
.
.
5.628
5.469
5.311
5.154
4 999
7.000
3.718
3 632
3 484
3.329
3.166
3 856
3 829
3.801
3.774
3.746
4.303
4.173
4 043
3 963
3.910
4 986
4.842
4.702
4 566
4.434
5.748
5 595
5.442
5.288
5.135
5.000
3.705
3.583
3.353
3.091
2.807
3.890
3.854
3.818
3 782
3.744
4.413
4 269
4.119
4 9 024
3.958
.
.
5.121
4.976
4 833
4.693
4 554
5.868
5.721
5.572
5.421
5.270
3.000
0.858
0.689
0.545
0.264
0.061
1 *908
1 .736
1.577
1 *295
1 a058
2 899
2.692
2 486
2.285
2.091
3 484
3.420
3.315
3.211
3.107
3.591
3 569
3.548
3.526
3.505
3.974
3 857
3.744
3 678
3 634
4.353
4.221
4.095
4 638
4 492
5.446
5 278
5.113
4 950
4.791
10.000
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.50
4.00
1.90
2.00
2.20
2.40
i.eo
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.02
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
0.85
0.90
0.93
0.95
0.80
0.55
0.60
0 065
0.70
0.75
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.30
TR
-0i002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0 000
0.003
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.021
0.017
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.080
0 059
0 045
0 034
0.027
11.098
10.656
10.121
9.515
80868
0.010
-00008
-0.006
-0.007
-0.007
-0.008
-0 003
-0.003
-0.005
-0.006
-0.001
0.005
0.002
0.000
0.008
0.013
0.020
0.030
0 025
0.042
0.037
0 046
0 044
0 052
0.050
0 048
0.110
0.087
0.070
0.061
0 056
8.211
7.568
0.247
O.le5
0.142
1 1 0096
10.655
10.121
9.515
8.869
0.050
006
-0.011
-0.015
-0.020
- 0 023
-0
-0.000
0 052
0 032
0.018
0.007
0.175
0.153
0.123
0 099
0.080
0.219
0.209
0.200
0.191
0.183
0.542
0.401
0.308
0.265
0.241
8.215
7.573
6.952
6.360
5 796
11.091
10.653
10.120
9.517
8.872
0.200
-0,013 -0.026
-0.014
-0.028
-0.029
-0.014
-0.031
-0.016
-00016 -0.032
-0.007
-0.010
-0.012
-0.005
-0.003
0 026
0.016
0.009
0.004
0.000
0 085
0.075
0.061
0.050
0.040
0.105
0.101
0.097
0 093
0 089
0.234
0.182
0 144
0.126
0.115
8.212
7.570
6.949
0.415
0.306
11.095
10.654
10.121
9.516
8.870
0.100
-0.078
-0.082
-0.086
-0.092
-0.096
-0
-0
052
055
-0 058
- 0 062
-0.064
-0.025
-0.037
-0.047
-0.062
-0.071
-0.009
0.142
0.083
0 042
0.013
0.594
0.498
0.3ei
0.296
0.232
0.837
0.776
0.722
0.675
0.632
5.271
4 754
4.254
1.236
0.994
8.226
7 0585
6.966
6.373
5.809
11.076
10.646
10.121
3.521
8.880
0.600
-0.015
023
030
040
047
-0
-0
-0
-0
0.100
0 060
0 032
0.012
-0.003
0.370
0.318
0.251
0.199
0.158
0.483
0.457
0.433
0.410
0 389
0.751
0.612
0 0542
4 753
5.266
8.221
7.579
6 959
6.367
S.802
11.083
10 0650
10.121
9.519
8.876
0.400
104
-0.110
-0.114
-0.122
-0.127
-0
-0.037
- 0 053
- 0 065
- 0 083
- 0 095
0.177
0.100
0.048
0.011
-0.017
0.863
0.691
0.507
0.385
0 297
1.616
1 324
1 154
1.034
0.940
5.278
4 758
4 248
3.942
3.737
8.232
7.591
6.973
6.381
5.816
11.069
10.643
10.121
9.523
8.884
0.800
TABLE8. VALUES01
"'$I(')
-0.130
*0.137
-0. 142
-0.152
-0.158
-0.051
-0.070
- 0 085
-0.106
-0.120
0.203
0.111
0 049
0.005
-0.027
1. 180
0.877
0.617
0.459
0 349
3.470
3.332
3.164
2.471
1.375
5.285
4.763
4,249
3.934
3.712
8 238
7.596
6.980
6.388
5.824
11.062
10.640
10.121
9.525
8 888
1.000
PR
.
.
-0.164
-0.170
-0.181
-0.188
-0. 156
067
-0 088
-0.105
-0 128
- 0 144
-0
-0.040
0.218
0.115
0 046
-0.004
1.723
0.878
0.673
0.503
0.381
3.467
3.327
3. 164
2 952
2 595
5 293
4.771
4 255
3.937
3.713
8 243
7.603
6.987
6 395
5.832
11.055
10.637
10.121
9.527
8 892
1.200
2.906
2.381
1.261
0.604
0.361
3.551
3 434
3.313
3.186
3.051
5.330
4.810
4.298
3.987
3.773
8.267
7.632
7.017
6.429
5.868
11.027
10.624
10.122
9.537
8.909
2.000
-0.211
- 0 224
-0.233
- 0 194
- 0 204
- 0 094
-0.117
-0.136
-0.163
-0e101
-0.257
- 0 269
- 0 278
-0.294
-0.306
-0.143
-0.169
-0.190
-0.221
-0.242
0.218
0.178
01108
0.070
0.032
-0.008
- 0 023 - 0 065
- 0 063 -0.109
2.650
1.496
0.617
0.487
0.381
3 492
3.363
3 223
3 065
2.880
5.306
4 784
4 266
3.951
3.730
8.252
7.614
6.997
6.407
5 845
11.044
10.632
10.121
9.531
8.899
1 0500
-0.376
-0.391
-0.403
-0.425
-0.442
-0 e356
-0.241
-0.271
-0 0295
-0.331
-0.078
-00151
-0.202
0.300
0 044
3.142
2.800
2.167
1.497
0.934
3.670
3.568
3.464
3 358
3.251
4.371
4.073
3.873
4.a~
5.385
8 298
7 669
7 059
6.475
5.918
10.992
10.609
10.123
9.549
8.932
3.000
-0.567
-0.591
-0.611
-0.650
-0.680
-0.317
-0.381
-0.428
-0.493
-0.535
1.066
0.504
0 142
-0 082
-0.223
1 r840
3.435
3.167
2.720
2.275
3.885
3 795
3.705
3.615
3 525
5.506
5.008
4.530
4.251
4 068
8.360
7.745
7.147
6 574
6.027
10.935
10.581
10.128
9.576
8.978
5.000
-0.836
-0.899
-1.015
-1.097
-0.729
- 0 763
-0 .a27
. ~
-0.874
-0 754
- 0 0687
2.086
1.547
1.080
0.689
0 369
3.947
3 722
3 362
3.019
2.692
4 336
4.257
4.178
4.100
4.023
4.662
4.497
0.112
-0 092
-0 255
- 0 0489
- 0 0645
4.916
5.824
5 358
8.531
7.950
7.381
6 837
6.318
9.111
10.781
10.529
10.150
9.663
10.000
-0.203
-0.330
-0.424
-0.551
-0.631
1.592
1.012
0.556
0.217
-0 028
3.661
3.418
3.023
2.641
2.273
4.077
3.992
3.909
3.825
3 742
5.632
5.149
4.688
4.422
4 248
8.425
7.824
7 239
6.677
6. 142
10.872
10.554
10.135
9.611
9.030
7.000
(D
rn
W
0
(n
k?
Z
0
><
3c
Fm
0.037
0.036
0 035
0.034
0.033
0.032
0 030
0.026
0.023
0.021
0.017
0.014
0.011
0.010
0.007
0.006
0 007
0.007
0.007
0 007
0.007
0.006
0 006
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0 002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.90
0.93
0.95
0.97
0 a98
0 a99
1.00
1.01
1 a02
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1 a30
1a 4 0
1a 5 0
1 a60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.20
2.40
3.50
1.00
3.00
2.60
2.80
..
0.001
0.000
0.000
0 000
0 000
0.064
0.054
0 046
0 042
0 039
01013
0.011
0.009
0 008
0.008
0.80
0.85
0.55
0.60
0.65
0170
0.75
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0 004
0.006
0.00b
0.008
8.245
7.983
0.122
0.096
0.078
0.038
0.029
0.023
0.018
0.015
0.50
8.531
10.453
10.137
0.45
10.802
10.008
9.579
9.196
8.847
11.614
11.185
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.050
0.010
TR
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.014
0.013
0.011
0.009
0.007
0 023
0.019
0.017
0.033
0 027
0 047
0.042
0.053
0.065
0.060
0.075
0 073
0.071
0 069
0 067
0.134
0.111
0 094
0 085
0.080
7.555
7.294
7 052
0.206
0.164
8.506
8.157
7.841
9.319
8 890
0.100
0.012
0.010
0.008
0 006
0.004
0.025
0.022
0.018
0.014
0 029
0 068
0.056
0 046
0 039
0 033
0.085
0.135
0 124
0.108
0.096
0.157
0.153
0.148
0.144
0.139
0 a294
0.239
0.199
0.179
0.168
6.870
6.610
6.368
6.140
5.917
0.385
0.303
0 a266
0.204
0.172
1.056
0.971
0.903
0.847
0.799
0.757
0.656
0.537
0.452
0.389
0.298
0.237
0.194
0.162
0.137
0.117
0.102
0 089
0.070
0.056
0.607
0.555
0.532
0.510
0 a49 1
0.439
0.371
0.319
0.277
0.217
0.174
0.143
0.120
0.102
0 088
0.976
0 067
0.053
0 042
0.350
0.337
0.326
0.315
0.304
0.294
0 a267
0.230
0.201
0.177
0.140
0.114
0 094
0.079
0 067
0.023
0 020
0.017
0.012
0.009
0 028
0.035
.
.
0 058
0.051
0 044
0 035
0 029
0.025
0.017
0.013
0.023
0.017
0.033
0.046
0.039
1.225
0.965
0,742
0.607
0.512
4.388
4.166
3.912
3.723
3.556
4.649
4.418
4.145
0.750
0.671
5 026
4.785
0.463
0.408
0.377
0.580
5.531
5.273
5.036
4.814
4.600
5.803
5.544
5.306
5.U82
4 866
6.193
5.933
5.694
5 467
5 248
0.058
0.048
0.041
0.029
0.021
0.147
0.127
0.111
0.087
0 070
3.259
3.142
2.972
2.178
1.391
4.191
3.976
3.738
3.569
3.433
5.324
5.066
4.830
4.610
4.399
7.099
6.663
6.275
5.924
5.608
7.304
6.869
6.483
6.132
5.816
7.961
7.529
7.144
6.794
6.479
8.635
8.205
7 a82 1
7.472
7.156
7.574
7.140
6 755
6.404
6.989
0.400
0.200
0.800
1.000
PR
S" - s
[?]
0.600
TABLE
9. VALUES OF
0.069
0.058
0.049
Om034
0.025
0 086
0 072
0.061
0 042
0.031
0.113
0 094
0 080
0 056
0.041
0.164
0.137
0.116
0.081
0.059
0.375
0.325
0.251
0a 2 01
0.438
0 255
0.213
0.181
0.126
0.093
0 329
0.277
0.236
0.166
0.123
0.399
0.799
0.702
0.492
0.620
0.296
0 255
0.221
0.172
0.138
0.222
0.191
0.167
0.130
0.104
0.177
0.153
0.134
0.105
0 084
0.661
0.570
0.497
0 388
0.311
0.350
1 a556
0.216
0 162
0.416
0.353
0.303
0,908
0.815
0 733
0 a599
0.496
1 a260
1.130
1 a013
1 a402
1 a581
1 a386
1 a208
1.050
0.915
1 a299
0.990
0.777
0.628
0.519
0.891
0.663
0.520
0.421
0.628
0.478
0.381
0.312
0.261
0.478
0.372
0.299
0.247
0 a208
2.170
2.148
2.126
2.105
2.083
1.554
1 a303
1.088
0.913
0.773
2 325
2.242
2.104
1 a966
1 a827
2.533
2.415
2.202
1 a968
1.727
2.673
2.483
2.081
1a649
1 a308
2.706
2 328
1 a557
1.126
0.890
2.495
1.523
1.012
0.790
0.651
2.312
2.287
2 263
2.239
2.215
2.605
2.463
2 334
2.262
2.215
2.062
2.001
1 a903
1.810
1 a722
2.463
2.436
2.408
2.380
2.352
2.719
2 be2
2.646
2.609
2.571
2.932
2 884
2.835
2 784
2.730
3.081
3.019
2 953
2.879
2.798
3.188
3.106
3.010
2.893
2.736
2.777
2.629
2.491
2.412
2 362
3.607
3.353
3.131
2.935
2.761
5.578
5.060
4.619
4.234
3 899
10.000
2.191
2.121
2.007
1 a897
1 a789
2.970
2.812
2.663
2.577
2.520
3.310
3.135
2.964
2.860
2.790
3.788
3.537
3.315
3.117
2.939
3.998
3.747
3 523
3 322
3.138
3.615
3.425
3.231
3.ioe
3.023
4.034
3.825
3.599
3.444
3.326
4 373
4. 120
3.892
3.684
3.491
3 846
3.646
3.434
3 295
3.193
5.683
5.194
4.772
4.401
4.074
5.847
5 376
4 967
4.603
4 202
4.706
4.451
4.220
4.007
3.807
6.182
5.728
5.330
4.974
4.656
4.956
4.700
4.467
4.250
4.045
5.157
4.900
4.665
4.446
4.238
6.935
6.497
6.109
5.757
5.441
6 497
6.052
5.660
5.306
4.989
7.000
5.000
6.740
6 299
5.909
5.557
5.240
3.000
2.000
1 a500
1.200
(0)
16.774
15.408
13.986
12.561
11.200
9.948
8.828
0.309
0.216
0.156
16.782
15.413
13.990
12.564
1 1 e202
0.115
0 078
0 055
0.040
0 029
0 039
0 034
0 028
0.023
0.019
0.013
0.010
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.007
0.005
0 004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0 005
0.008
0 048
0.046
0 044
0 042
0.040
0.010
0.009
0.009
0 008
0.053
0.116
0 088
0.068
0 058
0.022
0.017
0.013
0.011
0.010
0.050
0.010
0 002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.026
0.019
0.014
0.011
0.008
0 069
0 055
0 045
0 037
0 078
0 099
0 094
0 090
0 086
0.082
0.246
0.183
0 140
0.120
0.109
0.003
0.003
0 002
0.001
0.001
0.006
0.004
U.008
0.013
0.010
0 052
0 037
0 027
0.021
0.016
0.161
0.140
0.112
0.091
0.075
0 e206
0.196
0 186
0.177
0.169
0.578
0.408
0.301
0 e254
0.228
0.040
0.003
0.002
0.006
0 005
0.004
0 024
0.019
0.016
0.011
0.008
0.031
0.102
0 072
0.053
0.342
0 292
0 *229
0.183
0.149
0.456
0.429
0.405
0.302
0.361
5.475
4 853
0.744
0.593
0.517
0.009
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.003
0.035
0 028
0.023
0.016
0.012
0.012
0.010
0 008
01006
0.005
0 053
0 044
0 036
0 029
0.021
0.015
0.057
0 044
0.015
0.012
0.010
0.007
0.006
0 035
0 025
0.019
0.043
0.226
0.158
0.115
0 086
0 067
0.190
0.133
0.097
0.073
0.056
0.148
0.104
0.076
0.220
0.215
0.807
0.642
0.470
0.361
0.286
0 e552
0.460
0.3SO
1.113
0.820
0.577
0.437
0.343
3.406
3 264
3.093
2.399
1 e306
1 .570
1 e27O
0.797
0.134
0.680
0.632
0.590
1.098
0.977
0.883
5.458
4 826
4.238
3.894
3.658
5.462
4.832
4 249
3.914
3 697
5.468
4.841
4.269
1.219
0.961
9.914
8.799
7.810
6.933
6.155
9.921
8.806
7.815
6.937
6.158
9.928
8.811
7.819
6.911
6.162
9.935
8.817
7.824
6.945
6.167
9.942
8.823
7.829
6.951
6.173
9.946
8.826
7.832
0.491
0.340
16.586
15.278
13.896
12.496
11.153
16.626
15.305
13.915
12.509
11.162
16.665
15.333
13.934
12.523
11.172
16.705
15.359
13.953
12.537
11.182
16.744
15.387
13.972
12.551
11.192
16.764
15.401
13.981
12.558
11.197
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
PR
0.018
0.014
0.012
0.009
0.007
0 060
0 049
0 040
0.029
0 022
0.254
0.178
0.130
0 098
0.076
1 .655
0.831
0 e640
0.489
0 385
3.391
3.247
3.082
2.868
2.513
5.455
4.822
4 232
3.885
3.647
9.907
8 794
7.807
6.930
6.152
0.021
0.018
0.015
0.011
0.009
0 048
0 035
0.027
0.028
0.023
0.020
0.015
0.012
0.041
0 035
0.031
0.024
0.020
0.105
0 089
0.077
0.060
0 048
0.083
0 069
0 058
0 043
0 9 034
0 070
0.057
0.481
0.290
0 .206
0.159
0.127
2 986
2 655
2.067
1.471
0.991
3.517
3.412
3.306
3.200
3.094
0 074
0.065
0 058
0 046
0 038
0.120
0.104
0 093
0 073
0 060
0.355
0.286
0.238
0.178
0.143
1 e569
1.138
0.823
0.604
0.456
1 147
0 730
0.479
0.334
0 248
0.195
0.160
0.136
0.105
0.086
3.369
3.134
2.767
2 428
2.115
3.788
3.701
3.616
3.532
3.450
3.209
2.949
2 534
2.138
1 767
3.661
3.569
3.477
3 387
3.297
5 555
4.969
4.442
4.151
3 966
0.122
0.100
0.210
0.180
0.158
0.628
0.518
0.434
0 322
0.254
1.944
1 a544
1.222
0.969
0.775
3.565
3 348
3.013
2.708
2.430
3.957
3 875
3 796
3.717
3.640
4.578
4.300
4.125
5.648
5 082
5.501
4 898
4.351
4.046
31851
.
.
5.461
4 839
4a 6 7
3.941
3.728
9 732
8.720
7.811
7.002
6 285
9.769
8.723
7 785
6.952
6.213
9.806
8.736
7.779
6.929
6.174
9.853
8.760
7 784
6.919
6.149
0.300
0.220
0.166
0.129
0.102
2.790
2.283
1.241
0 e654
0.447
3.437
3.318
3.195
3.067
2.933
5.452
4.822
4 236
3.896
3.669
9.882
8.777
7 794
6.922
6.147
14.925
14.153
13.144
1 1 .999
10.836
15.468
14.496
13.376
12.145
10.920
15.837
14.751
13.541
12.248
10e9e5
10.000
16.195
15.011
13.714
12.367
11.063
7.000
5.000
3.000
0.282
0.200
0.147
0.112
0 087
2.557
1 a443
0.618
0.502
0.412
3.401
3 268
3.126
2.967
2 784
5 453
4.820
4.230
3 884
3.648
9.897
8 787
7.801
6 926
6.149
.
.
16.390
15.144
13.803
12.430
11.107
16.488
15.211
13.849
12.462
11.129
16.547
150251
13.877
12.482
11.143
2.000
1 e500
1 e200
[-1
0.100
TABLE10.VALUESOF
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-0.000
-0.000
-0.000
-0.000
-0.000
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0.000
0 000
0.000
0.000
1.02
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.30
1 e40
1.50
1.60
1 e70
1 .a0
1 e90
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.50
4.00
-0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.00~
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.000
-0.000
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-0.014
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-0.001
-0.001
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0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
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0.000
u.000
0.000
0.000
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0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
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-0.001
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002
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02.162
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0.400
0.200
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0.80
0.85
0.90
0.93
0.95
-0.911
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-0.035
-0.003
-0.000
-0.007
-0.005
-0.004
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-2 557
-1 e871
91.336
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-1 e575
-1 e 0 4 0
-3.708
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0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.100
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0 050
0.010
TR
0.001
0.002
0.003
O.OOU
-0.001
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mO.007
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0.001
0.002
0.003
0 004
-0.003
10.015
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- 0 005
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-0 e O 4 O
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01005
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0.001
0.002
0.004
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00.223
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00.619
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- 1 a835
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1 755
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-4
1.000
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359
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0.800
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0.600
PR
-0.851
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-0e62U
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-0.001
0.001
0 003
0.005
0.006
*0.004
0 037
0 046
0.053
0.061
0.064
0.017
0.025
0.031
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0.001
0.005
0.009
0.013
0.016
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0.003
0.005
0.008
0.010
w0.001
0.002
0.003
0.006
0.007
-0.038
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0.007
0.014
0.018
0.025
0.028
-0.003
066
043
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0.004
0 024
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0.041
0.038
*O
-0
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0 005
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~0.401
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10.000
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92.183
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7.000
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1 046
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1 557
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1 045
-- .
-
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92.913
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3.000
2.000
1 e500
1 e200
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0.000
0.001
0.001
0 002
0.002
0.002
0.002
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0.000
0.000
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0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0 000
0.000
0.002
0 002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.003
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0.050
0.010
004
003
003
003
004
0 003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0 003
0 003
0.003
0.003
0 003
0.003
0.004
-0.002
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0 000
0.001
0.002
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0.020
-0.013
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-0.001
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-0.030
-2.165
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-8.781
-6 532
-4.916
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0.100
-0.499
0.011
0.017
0 023
0 027
0 028
0.029
0 029
0.017
0.020
0.021
0.021
0.021
0.011
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.005
0 006
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.011
9.011
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0 006
0.006
0.006
OaOO5
0 005
0.004
0.004
0.012
0 020
0.027
0 025
0 022
0.020
0 8 023
0.021
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.013
.
.
0.034
0.032
0.030
0.034
0 035
0 028
0.028
0.027
0 025
0.024
0.021
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.018
.
.
0.004
0 030
OaO34
0 036
0.036
0.036
-0.019
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0.007
0.016
0 023
*0.017
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w0.013
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0.002
0.008
0.012
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0.001
0.005
0.007
-0 0 0 4
-0.002
0.000
0 002
0 003
- 0 075
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10.338
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90.493
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1.000
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PR
0 034
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0.076
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0 U63
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0.039
0.037
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0.022
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0 047
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0.102
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0.U93
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0.041
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-01084
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,-O 097
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-01190
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1 397
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..
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-.
5.000
3.000
2.000
1 .500
1.200
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0 158
0.151
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0.121
0.203
0.200
0.196
0.186
0.176
0.150
0.181
0.197
0.204
0.205
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0.008
0 057
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0.217
0.208
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0.163
0 246
0.246
0.244
0.236
0.227
0.148
0.191
0.218
0.234
0.242
-0.132
- 0 085
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0.036
0.081
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10.203
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05.312
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m3.208
-9 022
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14.001
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11
. a875
- 1 a456
-1.124
-0 a858
10.000
7.000
=c
3
Q
5m
0 089
0.072
0 060
0 050
0 042
0.044
0 036
0 029
0.025
0.021
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.011
0.009
0.009
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
1.30
1.40
3.50
4.00
3.00
2.60
2.80
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.20
2.40
1.70
1a50
1 a60
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.185
0.169
0.147
0.128
0.113
089
0 082
0.071
0 063
0,055
0.002
0.006
0 005
0.003
0.007
0.017
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.o11
1.02
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
0.014
0.012
0.010
0.007
0.005
0 036
0.031
0.027
0.021
01017
0.217
0.210
0.204
0.197
0.191
0.104
0.101
0 098
0.095
0 092
0.90
0.93
0.95
0.85
0.020
0.019
0.019
0.018
0.018
0.415
0.336
0 277
0 249
0.232
3.000
3.006
3.047
0.687
0.526
2.809
2.812
2.928
2.990
3.004
0.100
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
3.002
3.009
0.387
0.298
0.236
3.005
2.807
2.810
2.926
2.990
0.050
0.191
0.157
0.131
0.118
0.111
0.118
0.089
0 069
0.054
0 044
2.805
2.808
2.925
2.989
3.006
0.010
0.036
0 030
0.025
0 023
0.021
0.80
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.55
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.30
0.35
TA
0.028
0.023
0.020
0.013
0.010
0.073
0 063
0 055
0 043
0 034
0.185
0.149
0.122
0.101
0 086
0.403
0 a365
0.313
0.271
0.237
0.480
0.463
0.447
0.431
0.417
1 a932
0 794
0 a633
0.560
0.518
2.997
2.999
3.036
39 138
3.351
2.814
2.815
2.933
2.991
3.003
0,200
0.056
0.046
0.039
0 027
0.019
0.150
0.129
0.112
0 086
0 069
0.400
0.315
0.255
0.210
0.176
0.986
0.872
0.724
0.612
0.525
1 a240
1 181
1.126
1 076
1 029
1 a538
1 a375
3.647
4.404
1 a858
2.990
2.986
3.014
3 099
3 284
2.830
2.823
2.935
2 993
3.001
0.400
0.029
0.058
0.040
0.070
O*O8+
0.229
0.196
0.170
0.131
01104
0.651
0.502
0.399
0.326
0.271
0.885
1.951
1.648
1.297
1.058
2.778
2.563
2.378
2.218
2.076
3.537
4.158
5.679
4.208
3.341
3.225
3.065
2.984
2.974
2.993
2.842
2.835
2.940
2.995
3.000
0.600
0.038
0.112
0.093
0.078
0.053
0.311
0.265
0.229
0.175
0.138
0.946
0.711
0.557
0.449
0.371
4.025
3.047
2.168
1.670
1.345
9.585
7.350
6 038
5.156
4.516
3.440
3.957
5.095
6.720
9.316
2.978
2.963
2.973
3.033
3.171
2.854
2.844
2.945
2.997
2.998
0.800
TABLE13. VALUESOF
cp
******
0.048
0.140
0.116
0.097
0.066
0.397
0.336
0.289
0.220
0.173
1.297
0.946
0.728
0.580
0.475
13.184
6.458
3.649
2.553
1.951
22.295
10.011
13.270
21.948
3,354
3.790
4 677
5 766
7.127
2.973
2.952
2.955
3.003
3.122
2.866
2.853
2.951
2.999
2.997
1.000
PR
[I c=R
0.168
0.138
0.116
0.079
0 057
0.265
0.208
0.350
0.484
0.409
0.583
1.711
1 a208
0.912
0.719
31 a353
20.234
6.510
3 885
2.758
7.451
8.611
10.362
33.281
18.967
3.277
3.647
4 359
5.149
6.010
2 968
2.942
2.938
2 975
3.076
2.878
2.861
2 956
3.002
2 996
1 a200
0.21~
0.172
0.144
0.098
0.071
0.619
0.519
0 ,443
0 334
0.261
1 a650
1.211
0.938
0 752
2.458
10.062
16.457
13.256
6 985
4.430
5.785
6 279
6.897
7.686
8.708
5.050
3.176
3.470
4.000
4 533
2.961
2.927
2.914
2.937
3.015
2 896
2.875
2 965
3.006
2.995
1a500
.
.
0.278
0 227
0.190
0.128
0.093
0 a848
0.70h
0.598
0.446
0.347
3.850
2.462
1 a747
1 a321
1 043
5 923
7.296
9.787
9.094
6.911
4.531
4 743
4.983
5.255
5.569
3.240
3 585
3.902
4.180
3.038
2.951
2.907
2.878
2.881
2.928
2.927
2.897
2.979
3.014
2.995
2.000
0.407
0.332
0.277
0.187
0.135
1 a282
1 060
0.893
0.661
0.510
4.793
3.573
2.647
2.016
1 a586
3.920
4.259
4.927
5.535
5.710
3.486
3.560
3.641
3 729
3.821
2.838
2.931
3.096
3 236
3.351
2.938
2.874
2.822
2.792
2 795
2 989
2 944
3.014
3.032
2.999
3.000
0.624
0.512
0.427
0.289
0.209
1a805
1 a538
1 a320
0.998
0.779
3.452
3.282
2.917
2.508
2.128
2.816
2.891
3.033
3.186
3 326
2.716
2.733
2.752
2.773
2 794
2.601
2 599
2.626
2 657
2.684
2 934
2.840
2.753
2.681
2.629
3.079
3.019
3.085
3.122
3.042
5.000
0.780
0 647
0.545
0 374
0.272
1.505
1 191
0.956
1 a696
a907
2 628
2.626
2.525
2.347
2.130
2.408
2.425
2.462
2.508
2 555
2 393
2 395
2 398
2.401
2.405
2.473
2.427
2 399
2.392
2.391
2.947
2.831
2.720
2.621
2.537
3.257
3.145
3.164
3.135
3.054
7.000
0.917
0.779
0.668
0.472
0 350
1.778
1 a656
1.531
1 a292
1 a086
2.077
2.068
2.038
1 a978
1 a889
2.125
2.110
2.093
2.083
2.079
2.131
2.159
2.151
2.144
2.138
2.373
2 292
2.227
2.195
2.175
2 847
2.709
2.582
2.469
2 988
3.466
3.313
3 293
3 232
3.122
10.000
0.100
0.078
0 062
0.040
0.028
0 020
0.014
0.011
0.006
0.235
0.166
0.120
0 089
0.068
0 052
0.041
0.032
0.021
0.014
0.010
0 008
0.006
0.003
0 002
0.116
0 083
0.061
0 045
0.034
0 027
0.021
0.017
0.011
0.007
0.050
0.012
7 044
4 679
2.919
2.048
1.527
3.648
2.812
1.968
1.460
1 123
1.884
1.559
1.174
0.910
0.722
0 778
0.669
0.528
0.424
0.345
0.359
0.313
0 0252
0.205
0.168
0.173
0 152
0.123
0.101
0 083
0.034
0 030
0 024
0 020
0.016
10.511
8.437
6.588
5.711
5.027
4.477
4.026
2.712
2.506
2.324
2 . 162
2.016
1.018
0.962
0.911
0.863
0.819
0.217
0.207
0.198
0.189
0.181
0.013
0.011
0.008
0 005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.006
0 005
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.042
0.030
0 9 023
0.017
0.908
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.456
0.434
0.414
0.394
0 376
0.004
0.476
0 329
0.235
0.173
0.130
0 035
0.026
0 020
0.012
0.008
0.028
0.021
0.016
0.009
Om006
0.057
0.039
0.180
0.140
0.110
0.072
0 049
0 .938
0 r624
0 0437
0.317
0 0236
******
******
#*it***
0.143
0.111
o.oaa
0.715
0.484
0.342
0.249
0.187
******
9.389
.
10.566
10.245
10.180
10.285
9.993
10.536
10.153
9.793
10.490
9 999
5.486
3.090
3.215
3.511
2.247
1 e563
1.289
1 142
0 042
0 040
0.038
0.037
0.035
..
1.212
0.879
0.658
0.560
0.505
0 0532
0.399
0.306
0.263
0.239
0.097
0.075
0 058
0 050
0 046
12.961
12.620
12.117
11.559
11.019
12.981
12.637
12.128
11 r563
11.011
13.002
12.653
12.137
11 a564
10.995
13.021
12.668
12.145
11 -557
10.967
13.030
12.675
12.148
2 698
1 r747
13.035
12.679
1.518
1.026
0.726
0.511
0 345
0.242
0.174
0.129
8.102
9.499
1 1 a291
12.492
12.995
8.192
9.568
11.343
12.532
13.025
8.281
9.646
1 1.394
12.573
13.055
8.381
9.713
11 e 4 3 8
12.613
13.084
8.424
9.746
11.471
12.633
13.099
8.445
9.762
11 e484
12.643
13.106
8.462
9.775
11 .494
12.651
13.111
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.100
0.050
0.010
TABLE14. VALUESOF
cp
9.591
9.075
8.592
8.322
8.152
13.001
0.031
0 024
0.015
0.010
0 042
0 058
0.038
0.029
0.O55
0.084
0.067
0.066
0.051
0.041
0.026
0.019
0 056
0 042
0 033
0.048
0 036
0.028
0.017
0.012
0.021
0.015
0.337
0.267
0.217
0.150
0.109
3.855
1.652
0.907
0.601
0.439
0.296
0.234
0.187
0.126
0.089
1.288
0.905
0.666
0.499
0.380
0 0267
0.209
0.166
0.110
0.076
1.327
0.904
0.639
0 466
0.349
3 927
2.236
1.962
10.215
10.323
10.457
10.617
10.805
0.238
0.185
0.146
0 096
0.066
1.264
0.833
0.580
0.419
0.312
1 129
0 743
0.517
0.374
0 m278
0.212
0.164
0.130
0 085
4.002
2 844
2.095
**I)***
3 877
2.587
1 .881
**I)***
****I)*
***I)**
10.446
10.111
9.940
9.965
10.055
0.085
0 239
0.187
0.153
0.108
0. 137
0.110
0 092
0 067
0 054
1 .483
1.085
0.812
0 492
0.329
0.764
0.545
0.407
0.256
0.180
6.758
4.524
2 823
1.755
1 129
8.508
6.365
5. 193
3.944
2.871
2.060
0.466
0 356
0 285
0.190
0.146
2.287
1 r817
1.446
0.941
0.644
5.735
5.035
4.289
3 545
2.867
7.595
7.377
7.031
6.702
6 384
8.182
8.018
7.759
7.504
7.206
8.960
8.939
8 933
8.849
7 986
7.905
7 826
7.747
7.670
8.485
8.420
8.359
8.293
8.236
9.061
9.037
9.011
8.990
8.973
..
9.917
9 433
8 999
8.766
8.621
10.556
10.278
10.279
10.523
10.865
10.587
10.324
10.401
10.801
1 1 0387
10.176
9.740
9.389
9 225
9.136
1 1 0673
11 0526
11.141
10.661
10.132
12.103
1 1 0905
1 1 0494
10.985
10.440
12.407
12.165
1 1 0728
11 0208
10.677
12.823
12.506
12.026
11.495
10.986
12.882
12.55u
12.060
1 1 0524
11.013
10.590
10.321
10.409
10.875
1 1 0607
8.803
12.695
12.407
11.943
11.416
10.898
10.533
11 -419
12.917
12.574
12.092
11.536
11.022
4.020
6 285
5.372
7.290
9.625
11.183
11 0946
6.270
8.013
100170
11 0592
12.288
7.558
7.103
9.080
8.728
10.9~10 10.709
12.243
12.029
12.805
12.639
7.785
9 256
11.119
12.347
12.886
7.920
9.360
11.188
12.409
12.933
****** 12.498 1 1 . 4 4 5
****** ****** 11.856
***o**
**it***
12.388
****** .***** 13.081
****** ****** *o**** ******
****** ******
******
2.277
7.173
10.583
10.297
10.349
10.769
11.420
12.939
12.589
12.105
11 m553
11.024
8.011
9 430
11 0240
12.451
12.964
10.000
3.000
7.000
2.000
5.000
1 .SO0
1.200
1"'
cpo J
1.000
PR
+ 0.169347 Tr6 +
O(
15.2518 - 15.6875/Tr
- 1 at T, = 0.7.
= -log (P,")
= 5.824 + 4.830
aC
(18)
As shown in Table 2, Equation (17) is in good agreement with the tabular correlations of others (Carruth and
Kobayashi, 1972; Pitzer et al., 1955; Hsi and Lu, 1974).
Applying Equation (17) at the normal boiling point
gives the following expression for the acentric factor:
o=
Equation (19) yields results which are in excellent agreement with the values of the acentric factor given by Passut
and Danner, with the exception of the hydrocarbons previously mentioned.
As is well known, the values obtained from a corresponding states correlation are sensitive to the calculated
pseudo critical properties of the mixtures. This is particularly true for the widely boiling mixtures encountered
in petroleum processing, where compositions often range
from methane to components boiling over 600C.
The use of Kay's additive rule to calculate critical
pressures of such mixtures often leads to significant errors.
To improve overall accuracy, several sets of mixing rules
have been studied. The following set of mixing rules have
been found to give the best results:
I,
0.9
08
0.7
&
06
0.1
V c = f T 2k
REWCEO pREssw(E
I
04
(25)
'
O
0.2' t
0s
01
03
04
fig.
05 05 ~ O B M ~
REVKEO RIESSURE
7 8 9 0
2. Comparison of Z(1).
May, 7975
Page 525
-1500
1 .
REDUCED PRESSURE
Fig. 3. Comparison of
["b,"
-2'oo
-2200
I
I
370
380
390
McGlashan and
Potter (1962)
400
410
TEMPERATURE O K
Fig. 6. Second virial coefficient of n-octane.
:w4/<
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
15
20
-'L
0,
d2
d, ,a
d5 d6
d,dS,,'l
REWCED PRESSLRE
Fig. 4. Comparison of
I
3
I
4
["b, .
1
6
7 8 9 0
The authors are grateful to Mobil Research and Development Corporation for the permission to publish this paper.
NOTATION
H
P
Po
R
S
T
V
V,
= fugacity
= enthalpy
= pressure
= reference pressure for ideal gas state entropy
= gas constant
= entropy
= temperature
= volume
= P,V/RT,
= molar composition
= compressibility factor
Greek Letters
LY
4
y
TEMPERATURE O K
Page 526
May, 1975
= Riedel's parameter
= acentricfactor
Superscripts
= liquid
AlChE Journal (Vol. 21, No. 3)
s
V
*
(0)
(1)
(I)
= saturation condition
= vapor
= ideal gas state
= simple fluid property
= deviation function
= reference fluid
Subrcriph
= seduced property
LITERATURE CITED
May, 1975
Page 527