COS30016 Programming in Java

COS70002 Software Development in Java

10 More Advanced Collections

Random, HashMap, HashSet
Based on Barnes and Kolling Chapter 5
Adapted by Rob Allen

Content

The bouncing-ball system

The tech-support system

HashMap

HashSet

Learning Objectives
Students should be able

to recognize and use Java constants

to use class Random

to use simple Java Collection classes:

ArrayList (as an example of List),

HashMap (as an example of Map),

HashSet (as an example of Set)

(c) Barnes & Kolling

Bouncing ball example



Chapter 5: bouncing-balls

y-axis

Each ball object has

diameter
x,y position (top left corner)
ySpeed
color
etc

groundPosition

(c) Barnes & Kolling

Object diagram
Section 5.13
A class variable
ie static

Instance variables

(c) Barnes & Kolling

Constant
private static final int GRAVITY = 3;

private: access modifier, as usual, often public

static: class variable

final: constant

type

Usually upper-case name

Must give value

(c) Barnes & Kolling

Bouncing ball code

public void move()
called every 50ms, ie 20/sec
{
erase(); // remove from canvas at the current position
// compute new position
ySpeed += GRAVITY;
yPosition += ySpeed;
xPosition += 2;

All in pixels

// check if it has hit the ground

if (yPosition >= (groundPosition - diameter) && ySpeed > 0) {
yPosition = (int)(groundPosition - diameter);
ySpeed = -ySpeed + ballDegradation;
}

ballDegradation is 2 and
is loss of speed at
bounce

draw(); // draw again at new position

}
(c) Barnes & Kolling

bounce!

(int) unnecessary
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The Technical Support System



A textual, interactive dialog system

Idea based on Eliza by Joseph Weizenbaum (MIT,

1960s)

Setup, main loop,

shows response

Reads strings from console

(c) Barnes & Kolling

Analyses input strings,

generates a response

SupportSystem: main loop structure

boolean finished = false;
while(!finished) {
do something
if( exit condition ) {
finished = true;

A common
iteration pattern.

}
else {
do something more
}
}
(c) Barnes & Kolling

Main loop body first version

while ( !finished ) {
String input = reader.getInput();
if(input.startsWith("bye")) {
finished = true;
}

Another String method

else {

public boolean startsWith(

String prefix)

String response =
responder.generateResponse(input);
System.out.println(response);
}
}
Later Strings startsWith() will be
replaced by HashSetss contains().
(c) Barnes & Kolling

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Useful String methods

charAt(int pos)

indexOf(String target)

contains(String target)

endsWith(String target)

substring(int first, int length)

toUpperCase()

trim()

split(String regex)

Reminder: strings are immutable!

(c) Barnes & Kolling

11

Responder


Ignores input randomly chooses a response from a list

also used in final version when doesn't find a keyword

private

ArrayList<String> defaultResponses;

private void fillDefaultResponses()

{
defaultResponses.add("That sounds odd. Could you
describe that problem in more detail?");
defaultResponses.add("No other customer has ever
complained about this before. \n" +
"What is your system configuration?");
. . .
}
(c) Barnes & Kolling

(Actually an array
could be used here.)

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Responder: use of Random

private

Random randomGenerator;

public Responder()
{ ...
randomGenerator = new Random();
}
private String pickDefaultResponse()
{
int index =
randomGenerator.nextInt( defaultResponses.size() );
return defaultResponses.get(index);
}

int num = randomGenerator.next(); // a random 32-bit number

int n = randomGenerator.nextInt(100); // random in range 0..99
Choose
one:

0
(c) Barnes & Kolling

(size 1)
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More sophisticated behaviour

Section 5.6: tech-support-complete
Responder

checks if individual words of input

correspond to (possibly) relevant messages

uses a Set of input words

HashSet<String>

uses a Map to perform the lookup

HashMap<String,String>

(c) Barnes & Kolling

14

Using Sets
import java.util.HashSet;
...
HashSet<String> mySet = new HashSet<String>();

mySet.add("one");
mySet.add("two");
mySet.add("three");

No change to mySet
"two" already present.

mySet.add("two");

for(String element : mySet) {

do something with element
}
(c) Barnes & Kolling

Compare with code

for an
ArrayList!
15

InputReader: tokenising String

private Scanner reader;
...
public HashSet<String> getInput()
{
System.out.print("> ");
String inputLine =
reader.nextLine().trim().toLowerCase();
String[] wordArray = inputLine.split(" ");
HashSet<String> words = new HashSet<String>();
for(String word : wordArray) {
words.add(word);
}
return words;
}
(c) Barnes & Kolling

Contains the unique

words in one line of user
input..
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Maps


Maps are collections that contain pairs of values.

Pairs consist of a key and a value.

Lookup works by supplying a key, and retrieving a

value.

Example: a telephone book.

:HashMap

(c) Barnes & Kolling

"Charles Nguyen"

"(531) 9392 4587"

"Lisa Jones"

"(402) 4536 4674"

"William H. Smith"

"(998) 5488 0123"

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Using a map
HashMap <String, String> phoneBook =
new HashMap<String, String>();
phoneBook.put("Charles Nguyen", "(531) 9392 4587");
phoneBook.put("Lisa Jones", "(402) 4536 4674");
phoneBook.put("William H. Smith", "(998) 5488 0123");

//later:
String phoneNumber = phoneBook.get("Lisa Jones");
System.out.println(phoneNumber);

(c) Barnes & Kolling

18

List, Map and Set



The Java Collections framework defines bundles of

methods Java interfaces

and implementing classes

List

ArrayList, LinkedList

Set

HashSet, TreeSet

Map

HashMap,

(c) Barnes & Kolling

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Hashed collections


HashMap and HashSet are unordered collections

Very fast storage and retrieval

Speed is independent of the size of the collection.

Faster than the older class HashTable (which has protection

for multi-thread systems)



Require unique keys, and a hashCode() method

which can return distinct integers based on the key
is a method of Object so all Java classes have
a version String's version is excellent

hashCode()

The hash values are used as indexes into an internal

array
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Hashing

Elements are scattered around an array,

not in order of key

Data is scattered into

short lists
K3,V3

key

array index

K1,V1

K6,V6

K4,V4

K2,V2

index = key.hashCode() % arraySize

simplified
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Responder: using HashMap

private HashMap<String,String> responseMap;
...
public Responder()
{ ...
Key
Value
responseMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
fillResponseMap(); ...
}
private void fillResponseMap()
{
responseMap.put("crash",
"Well, it never crashes on our system. It must have
something\n" + "to do with your system. Tell me more about
your configuration." );
responseMap.put("crashes",
"Well, it never crashes on our system...
...
}
(c) Barnes & Kolling

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Responder: using HashMap (contd)

public String generateResponse(HashSet<String> words)
{
for (String word : words) {
Key
String response = responseMap.get(word);
if(response != null) {
return response;
}
Value
}

null means no value is

stored for that key

Reach here if no value

found for any word

return pickDefaultResponse();
}
ArrayLists get vs
HashMaps get
(c) Barnes & Kolling

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Exercises & reading



Exercises:

Modify Responder so it cannot randomly choose the same response as

last time.

What happens when you add (put) to a Map, another entry with the same

key?

How do you print out all the keys of a Map?

Set has a method contains() that depends on the element class having a

good version of equals(). Explain.



Reading:

Barnes & Kolling 5.1 - 5.9

(c) Barnes & Kolling

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