Background of the Study

Classroom is the very important factors of effective learning, it is the heart of any
educational system. No curriculum planning is complete without implementation
and evaluation, both of which are mainly carried out in the classroom. Most of the
class activities take place while students are seated. The seating arrangement is
therefore too important to suffer the kind of neglect being experienced by many
secondary schools in the country. As rightly observed by Cohen and Manion
(1983:221) "a careful attention to seating arrangement contributes as effectively as
any other aspect of classroom management and control to overall success with a
class subsequently."(Cruz,1994) also affirms that one potent index for evaluating
educational standards and quality is an examination of the physical facilities
available for learning experiences". The seating arrangement can make or mar any
lesson. Ideally, in a secondary school, especially in a mixed ability grouping, as
found in Nigerian schools, seats should be arranged in rows with a reasonable
amount of space between them to allow for proper teacher - student and student student interactions, as well as allow for individual and group work (Cohen and
Manion, 1983).

III.Statement of the problem:

1.What are the disadvantages of having a classroom insufficiency in public

elementary school?

2. Why does the lack of public elementary classroom occurs?

3. How does our government specially the DepEd give emphasis on how to resolve the shortage
of
Classroom in public elementary school?
4.How does the lack of elementary classroom affect elementary pupils?
5.What are the contribution of parents and government in resolving the lack of classroom in
elementary schools?

IV. The disadvantages of having a classroom insufficiency in public

elementary school.
Overcrowded schools are a serious problem in many school systems,
particularly in the inner cities, where space for new construction is at a
premium and funding for such construction is limited. As a result, students find
themselves trying to learn while jammed into spaces never intended as
classrooms, such as libraries, gymnasiums, laboratories, lunchrooms, and
even closets(Alcomber, 2014) Although research on the relationship between
Lack of classroom and student learning has been limited, there is some evidence,
particularly in high-poverty schools, that overcrowding can have an adverse
impact on learning. A study of overcrowded schools in New York City found that students in
such schools scored significantly lower on both mathematics and reading exams

than did similar students in underutilized schools. In addition, when asked,

students and teachers in overcrowded schools agreed that overcrowding
negatively affected both classroom activities and instructional techniques.
(Rivera-Batiz and Marti, 1995)
Corcoran et al. (1988) found that overcrowding and heavy teacher workloads
created stressful working conditions for teachers and led to higher teacher
absenteeism. It also cause of high number of street children in some places in our country.

V. Reasonof having lack of public elementary classroom in Philippines?

Effectiveness requires minimum input. With classroom shortages and poor working conditions for
teachers, the Philippines cannot expect a good outcome from its school system. Philippine basic
education also suffers in terms of efficiency. The reason here is its focus on excellence and
competition. There are elite schools that are very selective in its enrollment and at the same time,
these schools likewise attract the best teachers. Hence, much of the resources which are already
severely limited go to where these are least needed. The emphasis on excellence sacrifices equity.
Students who need most and schools that require more resources are simply neglected and ignored.
Such school system therefore takes pride in producing quite a few excellent alumni while leaving
most of the population poorly educated. Clearly, in order for the Philippines to improve its education
system, it must dramatically change its culture. It must switch from a focus on excellence to an
emphasis on equity. This addresses efficiency and solves half of the problem. For the other half,
there is no solution other than increasing the budget for education. The number of children in the
Philippines has grown significantly in the past decade. This alone requires greater funding.
With the above in mind, it should be crystal clear that changing the curriculum does not address any
of these problems. DepEd's K+12 does not and can not solve the problems of Philippine basic
education.

VI. DepEd give emphasis to resolve the shortage of Classroom in public elementary
school.
In the Philippines, we take pride in basic education as a right and not a privilege as mandated by
the Constitution. Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to
quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible
to all. (1987 Phil. Const. Article XIV, Section 1), and that it is the States responsibility to
establish, maintain, and support this kind of education. (1987 Phil. Const. Article XIV, Section
2). The undertaking of this mandate however is not without challenges. One persistent crisis in
our educational system is the shortage in classrooms as evident in some major public schools in
Metro Manila. DepEd announced that three additional alternative solutions are being considered:
the alternative delivery modes, busing system and three-day school week in several areas in
Metro Manila. Under the alternative delivery modes, students are required to go through their
learning modules under parental guidance and meet with their teachers only once or twice a
week for monitoring and testing. There had been some criticisms on the intentions and nature of
the program but If we look at its advantage, it offers an alternative to all willing students to learn
at home without going to school regularly. This would reduce number of students at schools
while still providing students at home the means to learn and graduate, go to college and even go
abroad. Under the busing system, on the other hand, students from overcrowded schools are
transferred via vans to nearby schools that have the capability to absorb large number of
students. This one is promising especially that according to DepEd Secretary Armin A. Luistro,
FSC, unequal distribution of students across the country and lack of buildable spaces are two
factors that cause overcrowding in some schools and an excess of classrooms in others. While
the government is still looking for potential school sites where new classrooms will be built on,
the busing system is a good alternative for stabilizing if not equalizing, the student population
in some most populated schools. Last but not the least, the three-day school week scheme where
students are required to attend classes for only three or four days but with additional class hours.
This proposal hasnt been implemented yet for it requires an in depth analysis and consultations
with the parents and other learning institutions if indeed it would be an effective tool for
learning.. DepEd is still currently conducting further studiesto ensure its effectiveness to the
students. The governments commitment on its aims to broaden the access of students to quality

education was shown on all of its effort to provide alternative solutions. Easier said than done
though. The fact that classroom shortage has outlived the past governments says what kind of
problem we are dealing with. But whatever the current government has to do to permanently
eliminate this educational crisis, the end goal should always be for the betterment of its people to
whom it is accountable. Somehow, knowing that the Aquino administration can show statistical
data supporting its commitment to make education accessible to all is comforting. The priority of
education in the national budget as shown in the 2014 education budget (P309.43 billion), the
reduction of highly congested schools in the National Capital Region (NCR) from 120 schools in
SY2011-2012 to 20 schools in 2014,and the construction of 66,813 classrooms that would cover
the 2010 classroom backlog left by the Arroyo administration are some beautiful things to be
proud of. I know, we still have a long way to go but as long as everybody believes in the power
of education and of what it could bring to this country and to the world, then theres still hope for
us Filipinos.

VII. Lack of elementary classroom affect elementary pupils.

The study observed that some teachers employed the lecture teaching method;
they rarely applied
questions and answers teaching strategy. Beniamin (2005) argued that, with
lecturing method, pupils
are pretty much omitted to their own capacity of understanding and in big classes it
becomes more
difficult for teachers to recognize slow learners. Some of the respondents argued
that the use of lecture
method was contributed by several factors such as overcrowded classrooms, and
lack of motivation.
Teachers were very conscious about the situation. They perceived the circumstance
as leading them to
use lecture method. Among the shortcomings of lecture teaching strategy is that
individual difference is
neglected. To this end, the ratio of teacher to students should not exceed 1:30 or at
most 40 judging by
the size of the classrooms. But what one finds in many of these classes is between
ratio 1:50 and 1:150
incertain cases. It was observed that the interaction between teacher and pupils
was not effective due
to a large number of pupils per class and sitting arrangements. It was observed that
pupils did not get
enough individual assistance from their teachers during teaching-learning process.
All pupils who were
interviewed complained that they did not get enough individual help from their
teachers.

VIII. Contribution of parents in resolving the lack of classroom in elementary

schools
In the natural course of things, there is hardly any logic to that. Unless, of course, one equates
Responsible Parenthood with the overpopulation myth or the most contentious Reproductive
Health Billwhich actually he grossly does. But granting that the good President meant
overpopulation as the cause of classroom shortage, there is still no iota of plausibility because
according to the National Statistics Office, the number of babies born per year has stopped
increasing since 2000and it even dropped by 2.2% to 1.745 million babies born in 2009 vs.
1.784 million babies per year in 2008. Thus from the national count, there is hardly any increase
in Grade One enrollees because of the stagnant birth rate. Admittedly, there is shortage of
classroomsand of almost everythingin Metro Manila and in some urban centers. And the
reason is migration. The centralization of the population is the reason why in the rural areas
classrooms are becoming less and less occupied. Well-meaning demographers will agree that
what is needed is not really population deceleration but decentralization. At the end of the day, it
will all boil down to population and resource management or the lack of themand not careless
legislation that grossly oppose the logic of even economics and ethics.

IX.Conlusion

X. Recomendation

Bibliography
Beniamin, K., 2005. Education for all or enrolment for all. Unpublished Dissertation,
Vaxjo University.
1.Akhtar, S., Zamurad, N., Arif, M., & Hussain, I. (2012, May). Problems Faced by Students and Teachers
in the Management of Overcrowded Classes in Pakistan.. EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page.
Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?vid=8&hid=4&sid=906f41646790-40af-823f-714fa9a176c9%40sessionmgr12&bdata=Jn
2.Jones, D. (2012, October 14). Underfunded Schools = Overcrowded Classrooms.. EBSCO Publishing
Service Selection Page. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?
vid=4&hid=109&sid=2d18e385-58a5-4494-ad8a-f69e4de6d02c
%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU
3.Kuczynski-Brown, A. (2012, September 26). New York Class Size: Nearly Half Of Public Schools
Have Overcrowded Classrooms, UFT Says. Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post.
Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/26/new-york-class-sizeuft_n_1914357.html

.Oberg, T. (2012, May 10). Local school has potential solution to overcrowded classrooms | abc13.com.
ABC Owned Television Stations. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?
section=news/in_focus&id=8656961
Oberg, T. (2012, May 10). Class sizes across Texas ballooning after state cuts billions of dollars in
education funding | abc13.com. ABC Owned Television Stations. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from
http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=news/in_focus&id=8655264
.Goettler-Sopko, S. 1990. The effect of class size on reading achievement.ERIC Document
ReproductionServicAkinyemi, K. (1983) Trends in Development of Primary Education in
Nigeria', in Adesina, S. Akinyemi, K and Ajayi, K. (eds): Nigerian Education. Trends
and Issues. Ile-Ife: University of Ife Press Ltd. Adesina, S. (1990) Educational
Management. Nigeria: Fourth Dimension Publishers. Cohen, L. and Manion, L. (1983)
A Guide to Teaching Practice. London: Methuen. Fontana, D. (1981) 'Class Control
and Management in Fontana, D(ed.): Psychology For Teachers. London: The
Macmillan Press Ltd. Ndagi, J.O. (1983) 'Financing of Education in Nigeria Under
Military Rule (1968-1978)' in Adesina, S. Akinyemi, K. and Ajayi, K. (eds): Nigerian
Education. Trends and Issues. Ile-Ife: University of Ife Press Ltd. Cert. 10. Ogunsaju,
S. (1990) A Guide to School Effectiveness in Nigeria. Ibadan: Laville Publications.

Conclusion:
From the findings of this study, one can conclude that seating arrangement in overpopulated classes places limitations on the quality and quantity of interactions
between the teachers and the students as well as on the quality of teaching and
learning. The findings also cast some doubt on the skills of the teachers in dealing
with the problems. Indulging in negative reinforcement like punishment, is not
educationally expedient. These are direct consequences on inadequate classrooms
and furniture as well as poor quality training of teachers. In view of the above, the
following suggestions are made. Shortages of classrooms and teachers in secondary
schools need to be treated as a national crisis worthy of the attention of both the
Federal and State Governments, A lasting solution is therefore building of additional
classrooms and employing more teachers, hi fact, judging by Table 1, there is a
need to double existing facilities. A ratio of 1:35 teacher to students is hereby
suggested. Federal and State Governments should lift embargo specifically on the
employment of teachers. On students' furniture, the Ministries of Education should
direct schools to treat them like school uniform which is organized by each school in
order to ensure uniformity. In the alternative, the Government could design a
standard set (chair and desk) for students to buy from specified local furniture
shops at an affordable price. On the coping skills of the teachers, a more positive
approach as suggested by Nolasco and Arthur (1988) is to establish some formality
in class activities right from the beginning of the lesson. This could be in form of
class routines and convention that would keep the students busy as soon as the
lesson starts. Adequate planning and implementation of lessons would also keep
them busy throughout the lesson. To this end, seminars and workshops should be
organised for teachers to sharpen their skills of teaching.