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Towards RNC
AXU
IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU
AXC (ATM Cross Connect) is the Integrated ATM Transmission Node of the Nokia WCDMA Basestation
and a Stand-alone ATM Transmission Network Element. The Integrated AXC supported 4 IFU while SAXC support 5 IFU. The S-AXC can be installed in a standard ETSI or 19-inch rack and co-located with
the BTS
S-AXC needed:
In Japan, providing at the RNC site interface conversion for the JT2 and STM-0 interfaces
- No JT2 and STM-0 interfaces are available for the RNC at the moment
Power module
LED
Ethernet
Q1 management
External clock 120
or
External clock 75
Performance:
Switching Capacity: 1.2G
Supported Simultaneous Connections: 1000 (with any mix of VP and VC)
Supported ATM Service Categories: CBR, UBR
Supported Cross-connection: Semi-Permanent Virtual Path Connection, Semi-Permanent
Virtual Channel Connection
AXUB provides the centralized AAL2 feature. It is enabled by the ATM Adaptation Module
(AAM)
Performance:
Switching Capacity: 1.2G
Supported Simultaneous Connections: 1000 (with any mix of VP and VC)
Supported ATM Service Categories: CBR, UBR
Supported Cross-connection: Semi-Permanent Virtual Path Connection, Semi-Permanent
Virtual Channel Connection
IFU Units
BTS
AXU
Metrohopper
max. 4 x 2Mbits/s
3 x Flexbus
interfaces
IFU
Flexbus
cable
IFU
IFU
IFU
3XSTM-0/STM-1
3XOC-1/OC-3i
nterfaces
IFU
AXC
1
5
3
1
Nokia
GSM Basestation
DMC Altium
STM-1(155 Mbits/s)
Fiber
cable
Optical Fiber,
SDH equipment or
ATM Leased Lines
Leased Lines or
PDH/SDH equipment
E1/JT1/JT2/T1
interfaces
Copper
cable
GSM Basestations
(Nokia and others)
AXU: ATM Cross Connection Unit. It houses an ATM Switch Fabric, the Local Management Port and clock
distribution circuitry.
IFU: Interface Unit. Provides the physical connection to the outer world. It supports several types of
interfaces and physical media.
Minimum Configuration:
- One ATM Cross Connect Unit, AXU
- One Interface Unit, IFU (any IFU possible)
Maximum Configuration:
- One ATM Cross Connect Unit, AXU.
- Five Interface Units, IFUs (any IFU and any combination of IFUs possible)
Any combination of interfaces and interface units is possible with a very few limitations
- Maximum switching capacity <1.2Gbit/s
- Total amount of physical STM-1 interfaces < 15
- Total amount of physical E1 interfaces <40
- Up to 4 IMA groups per E1 IFU
- Up to 8 IMA groups per Flexbus IFU
- Between 2 and 8 E1 links per IMA group for E1 IFU
- Between 2 and 16 E1 links per IMA group for Flexbus IFU
IFUA
CES to map TDM traffic in TDM cells
complete E1/T1/JT1 frame transported in ATM cells (unstructured)
Fractional E1/T1/JT1, only TDM timeslots transported within
ATM cells
CES is implemented in RAN 2.0(C2.0 for AXC)
IFUB
JT2: 4JT1(6.312M)
Fractional Interface(E1/T1/JT1)
each of the interfaces can be configured as
ATM over full E1/T1/JT1
fractional E1/T1/JT1 (timeslots not used by
ATM traffic could be filled up with TDM traffic
by external cross-connections
IFU3S: 3 x SDH optical interfaces, which can be configured as (mixed configuration supported):
- STM-0 (VC-3 )
Optical Intra-office
Optical Short-Haul
- STM-1 (VC-4,)
As in STM-0
- OC-1 American SDH(American Standard)
- OC-3 American SDH(American Standard)
STM-0 Physical Interface
Network elements:
RNC - 4 interfaces per plug-in-unit (Supported in RAN1.5)
BTS - 3 interfaces per IFU (Supported in RAN1)
OC-1 American SDH in RAN2.0
Bit rate: 51.84 Mbit/s
Used connector: optical, LC type
ATM Mapped into VC-3,
STM-1 Physical Interface
Network elements:
RNC - 4 interfaces per plug-in-unit (Supported in RAN1.5)
BTS - 3 interfaces per IFU (Supported in RAN1)
Bit rate: 155.52 Mbit/s
Used connector: optical, LC type
ATM Mapped into VC-4,
RAN 1 Phase 1.5 / AXC Flexbus: For ETSI market, a Flexbus interface is introduced into
AXC, enabling direct connection from WCDMA BTS to Nokia FlexiHopper or MetroHopper
or Nokia GSM Basestations.
RAN1 Solution
BTS
E1
BTS
FIU19"
BS Site
Flexbus
(16 x 2M)
Flexbus
(16 x 2M)
BS Site
RAN 1 Phase 1.5 solution:
FIU19" removed, Flexbus IFU
unit installed directly into the
BTS
AXC
IMA Group
E1/JT1
E1/JT1
Link # 0
Link # 1
IMA Group
E1/JT1
E1/JT1
E1/JT1
Link # 2
E1/JT1
TCP/IP
C-NBAP
D-NBAP
UP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig
TCP/IP
C-NBAP
D-NBAP
WAM
UP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig
AXC
Router
VCI
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
x
VCI
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
x
VPI
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
x
HW
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
x
ATM VPCs
NetAct
AXU
TCP/IP
C-NBAP
D-NBAP
WAM
RNC
UP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig
To other BTSs
ATM VCCs
AXC Features
Virtual Path (VP) & Virtual Channel (VC) ATM Cross Connect
Supports different Transmission Network Topologies like Star, Chain, Tree
Fully compatible with existing underlying transmission technologies PDH and SDH
- Present TDM networks can be used
- Existing spare capacity can be used
- Existing investments can be preserved
- Minimize initial UMTS investments
Fully compatible with existing ATM transmission networks (if any)
Supports 3G-PP, Japanese and ETSI/ITU standards.
Provides Up-to-Date WEB-based Management.
Switching capacity up to 1.2Gbit/s
Up to 1000 simultaneous connections
Supports UNI/NNI format at ATM layer
Support of different QoS Categories like CBR.1, UBR.1 ,UTR.2 etc.
Traffic Management Function:
Connection Admission Control
Usage Parameter Control
Traffic Shaping for CBR&UBR connections
Support of OAM flows
This picture is only for a example and the real situation will be different according to project
AXC
AXU
WAM 1-0
STM-1 or E1
CIF 1
CNBAP
DNBAP
AAL2SIG
AAL2UP
Name
CNBAP
DNBAP
AAL2SIG
AAL2UP
ATM interface
CIF
CIF
CIF
CIF
1
1
1
1
IFUx
slot 2
if 1
VCI 33
VCI 34
VCI 35
VCI 72
VCI 40
VPI 0
VCI 36
VPI
0
0
0
0
VCI 56
VPI 1
VCI 120
VP PCR
[cells/s]
58726
58726
58726
58726
VCI
33
34
35
36
VC PCR
[cells/s]
300
150
150
3618
ATM Interface
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
2 Interface 1
2 Interface 1
2 Interface 1
2 Interface 1
VPI
1
1
1
1
VP PCR
[cells/s]
4528
4528
4528
4528
VCI
56
72
40
120
VC PCR
[cells/s]
300
150
150
3618
Service
Category
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CNBAP
DNBAP
AAL2SIG
AAL2UP
CIF-1
CNBAP
WAM
BTS
O&M
VC cross
connections
AXU
AAL2UP
O&M
STM-1
or E1 (IMA)
DNBAP
RNC
AAL2SIG
IMA(nXE1)
S-AXC
IMA(nXE1)
IMA(nXE1)
WCDMA
BTS
IMA(nXE1)
STM-1
STM-1
IMA(nXE1)
WCDMA
BTS
IMA(nXE1)
13 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT
RNC
S-AXC
AXU 8 x E1
8 x E1
8 x E1
8 x E1
3 x STM-1
MSC
STM-1
STM-1
S-AXC
Hub Site
WCDMA
BTS
STM-1
IMA(nXE1)
IMA(nXE1)
IMA(nXE1)
RNC
STM-1
ATM
Module
STM-1
3G-SGSN
GSM
BTS
Abis
Iub
Nokia
UltraSite
WDCMA
BTS
GSM
BTS
PDH/SDH
Abis
Iub
Nokia
UltraSite
WDCMA
BTS
ATM
TDM
Using external PDH and SDH equipment to Add and Drop different traffic interface(E1,STM-1,T1,)
Nokia's Metrohub, DN2 or the GSM BTS DTRU/TRUA can perform these required cross-connections
ATM traffic starts always with TS1 to TSn and then TSn+1 for TDM. For changing TS a 64 cross-connect necessary
Advantage: existing GSM traffic does not have to be disturbed.
ATM
Using Circuit Emulation Service to add GSM (TDM) traffic to WCDMA (ATM) traffic
Disadvantage: GSM transmission has to be interrupted before connecting it to the WCDMA transmission
TRX TRX
TRUA
TRX TRX
RRIC
TRX TRX
3G BTS
WSP
WAM
...
WSP
WSP
...
WSP
WSP
COMMON
TRANSPORT
ON MICROWAVE
AXC
Metrohub
IFU
ATM
SWITCH
IFU
WAM
WSP
ET
RNC
n x E1 or FB from 3G BTS
n x E1 from 3G BTS
TRX TRX
TRUA
TRX TRX
RRI
TRX TRX
3G BTS
WSP
WAM
...
WSP
WSP
...
WSP
WSP
ET
Stand-alone
AXC
IFU
AXC
ATM
SWITCH
IFU
WAM
WSP
COMMON
TRANSPORT
ON MICROWAVE
RNC
FB from 3G BTS
GSM
BTS
HUB
Frac
on
al
E1
BSC
l E1
Full E1
WCDMA
BTS
17 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT
tion
a
Fu
ll E
RNC
RNC/BSC site
This connection can be
- one standard E1/T1, also fractional possible
- several E1/T1's, also fractional
- Flexbus containing E1's as above
BTS
N x E1/T1
Std
IF
CES by
AAL1
TDM
ATM
AXC
Std
IF
AXC
Std
IF
Std
IF
AXC
BSC
Std
IF
RNC
Standalone
WCDMA
BTS
Std
IF
CES
Two alternatives:
- Unstructured service is intended to emulate a point-to-point E1 circuit
- Structured service is intended to emulate a point-to-point Fractional E1 circuit
Fully synchronous service because of UMTS requirements
No Statistical Multiplexing Gain because of its CBR nature
Unstructured circuit emulation service might be used to perform E1 TDM cross connection within AXC, e.g. from one
E1 to Flexbus and vice versa
SECTOR 1
SECTOR 2
SECTOR 3
WAM
WAM
WAM
AAL2
TP 1
AAL2
TP 2
AAL2
TP 1
AAL2
TP 2
AAL2
TP 1
AAL2
TP 2
VCC
AAL2
BS
VPC
AXC
RNC
Site
Fibre
Link in
ti
SDH
ADM
Protecting
li k
Fibre
SDH Network
- SDH path protection
e.g.
i
- e.g. 2M, VC-3 or VCSNCP
protected
4
ti
Configuration:
Operating STM-0/VC-3 or STM-1/VC-4
i t f
Protecting Interface (at the same IFU or different
IFU)
Nokia AXC features protection mechanisms, which enable to maintain the transmission service in
the event of failure:
Redundancy protection (featured in Ran2.1, C2.1):
Two AXU will be installed. One in the first slot, the other in the last slot.
Interface protection:
IFUE: FB 1 and FB 2 can protect each other (featured in C1.7)
FUC: Multiple Section Protection (MSP) 1:1 for STM-1/STM-0/OC-3/OC-1
against equipment failures (at the interface), against point-to-point link failures
(featured in C2.0)