Lab Report for CSE 109

East West University

Lab Experiment Number: 01

Experiment Title: Introduction to Circuit Elements

and Variables

Prepared By:
Kazi Hasibul Kabir
2014-1-60-042
Date of Experiment: 25.09.2014
Date of Report: 23.10.2014
Course Code: CSE 109
Instructor Name: Fahmida Azmi
Group Information
Group Number: 03
Md. Nazmul Hasan (2014-1-60-041)
Kazi Hasibul Kabir (2014-1-60-042)
Md. Zahiruddin Aqib (2014-1-60-047)

Introduction:
There are two types of elements in an electric circuit active elements and
passive elements. An active element supplies energy. A voltage source or a battery
is an active element. The emf of a battery is measured using the unit volt (V). A
passive element absorbs energy. A resistor is a passive element. The resistance of a
resistor is measured using the unit Ohm ().
There are two fundamental circuit variables current through circuit
element and voltage across as circuit element. The through a circuit element is
measured using the Ampere (A) and voltage across a circuit element is measured
using the unit Volt (V).
A simple electric circuit is shown in figure. The emf of the battery is E Volt and the
resistance of the resistor is R . The current drawn from the battery and the current
passing through the resistor are same and is I A. The voltage drop across the
resistor is exactly equal to the emf of the battery, that is E.
The ohms law relates that V=IR. If we plot V vs. I (taking I as independent
variable), we have a straight line passing through the origin and the slop of the line
is R.

Figure: A simple electric circuit.

An ammeter is used to measure current and a voltmeter is used to measure voltage.
As an ammeter is connected in series with an element, current through which is to
be measured. A voltmeter is connected in parallel with an element, voltage across
which is to be measured. If you connect an ammeter in parallel with an element,

the meter will be damaged. If you connect a voltmeter in series with an element, it
will not give you correct result. So, make sure that an ammeter is not connected in
parallel and a voltmeter is not connected in series.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure: Circuit for experiment.

Experimental Procedure:
1. Measure the resistance of the resistor supplied using a multimeter and record
in datasheet.
2. Construct the circuit of Figure. Set the value of E at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 volts
and measure the corresponding V and I and record them in datasheet.
3. Have the datasheet signed by instructor.

Answer to the Post-Lab Question:

1. Calculations:
We know, From Ohms Law, Voltage V=IR.

 When E=5 V and R=1000 ,

I=

5
=5 mA
1000

6
When E=6 V and R=1000 , I = 1000 =6 mA

When E=7 V and R=1000 ,

I=

7
=7 mA
1000

8
When E=8 V and R=1000 , I = 1000 =8 mA

When E=9 V and R=1000 ,

I=

9
=9 mA
1000

10
When E=10 V and R=1000 , I= 1000 =10 mA

Observation
number

Set value of E
(V)

Measured
Value of V (V)

1
2
3
4
5
6

5
6
7
8
9
10

5
6
7
8
9
10

Measured
Value of I
(mA)
5.1
6.1
7.1
8.1
9.1
10.1

Measured of R
()

969

Comments:
By comparing both the measured and theoretical values it is seen that there are
some variations in the values but the readings were taken according to the
instruments. So, there are some errors in the instruments.

2. Calculations:
We know, From Ohms Law, Voltage V=IR.
When I=5mA and E=5 V,

R=

5
3
510

=1000

 When I=6mA and E=6 V,

R=

6
3
610

When I=7mA and E=7 V,

R=

7
7103 =1000

When I=8mA and E=8 V,

R=

8
8103

=1000

When I=9mA and E=9 V,

R=

9
9103

=1000

When I=10mA and E=10 V,

R=

Observation
number

Set value of E
(V)

Measured
Value of V (V)

1
2
3
4
5
6

5
6
7
8
9
10

5
6
7
8
9
10

=1000

10
10103

=1000

Measured
Value of I
(mA)
5.1
6.1
7.1
8.1
9.1
10.1

Measured of R
()

969

Comments:
By comparing both the measured values and calculated values of the resister are
not same. So, some errors were made during doing the experiment and taking the
reading of the measured values. These were caused by errors and instruments. But
the readings were taken according to the instrument.
3. The comparison between the set value of E and measured value of V are
given below:
Measured values of V(V)
5
6

Set values of E(V)

5
6

7
8
9
10

7
8
9
10

Comments:
By comparing both the values it is seen that the set value in the dc power supply
are same.

4. The graph of V vs. I is shown below :

In the graph, when V= 5 V and I= 5.1mA,

R=

V
I

5
=
= 5.1103
980.39

When V= 6 V and I= 6.1mA,

R=

V
I

6
=
= 6.1103
983.61

When V= 7 V and I= 7.1mA,

R=

V
I

7
=
= 7.1103
985.92

When V= 8 V and I= 8.1mA,

R=

V
I

8
=
= 8.1103
987.65

When V= 9 V and I= 9.1mA,

R=

V
I

9
=
= 9.1103
989.01

When V= 10 V and I= 10.1mA,

R=

V
I

10
=
= 10.1103
990.11

The value from graph and the measured values are compared in the table below:
Measured value of R(Ohm)

Value of R from Graph

1000

980.39

1000

983.61

1000

985.92

1000

987.65

1000

989.01

1000

990.11

Comments:
From the above table it is seen that in all cases the measured values of resistance is
1000 . But for every volts, there is a little variation between the measured value
of R and the value of R taken from the graph.
5.
In the circuit, while doing the experiment, voltage of two points is measured very
carefully by connecting the voltmeter in parallel connection across the point.
Current passing through the circuit is measured in series by using a multi-range
meter.

Result:
After comparing the theoretical & measured values of I, V, R, we found that there
some change with the values. This change is occurred by instruments.

Conclusion:
While doing the experiment, utmost care was taken in order to take the readings
very carefully. The circuit was connected very carefully to prevent short circuit.
Lastly by doing the experiment, we have gained practical knowledge about how to
work with circuits.