INTEGRATED PROJECT REPORT

DATA COLLECTION ON

STAR HOTEL
STAR HOTEL RATING SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION OF HOTELS
GREEN BUILDING
LEED
LEED GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM

SUMBITTED TO
MRS TIMCY GARG

SUBMITTED BY
NIKHIL VEMULA
12011CA024

STAR HOTEL
A hotel is an establishment that provides lodging paid on a short-term basis.
Facilities provided may range from a basic bed and storage for clothing, to luxury features
like en-suite bathrooms. Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a
swimming pool, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services.
Hotel rooms are usually numbered to allow guests to identify their room. Some hotels offer
meals as part of a room and board arrangement.
Stars are often used as symbols for classification purposes of hotels
based on the facilities and amenities provided by them.
In common language it can be explained as more star means a better hotel. Higher
rated star hotel provides more services and facilities when compared to a lower rated star hotel.

About Hotel Star Ratings

Hotel star ratings are systems that rank hotels according to quality. Star rating
systems are intended to serve as guidelines for guests who are making hotel reservations. Hotel
star ratings constitute a system of ranking quality, to help consumers evaluate a hotel's
amenities, luxury and overall hospitality. Such systems typically rate hotels on a five-star scale,
with five indicating the best, and one (or zero) representing the worst. Five-star hotels, while
usually expensive, offer sophisticate architecture and decor, excellent restaurants and lavishly
sized rooms. As star rankings fall, room sizes, prices and amenities decrease. While star ratings
can be helpful when booking hotels rooms, there is no standardized star rating system.

Understanding Hotel Star Ratings

There are many different standards for hotel classifications, but the star
rating is the most widely used one. Even so, star classifications can differ from country to
country, and there is no universal standard for rating hotels currently. One thing that is common
to the different star rating systems is that the number of stars awarded is indicative of the range
of facilities available, and not necessarily equated to the degree of luxuriousness of the hotel.
Food services, number of restaurants, entertainment, view, room variations such
as size and additional amenities, spas and fitness centers, business centers and conference
facilities, 24-hour room service, ease of access and location are all part of the considerations in
establishing a star rating. Some consider this disadvantageous to smaller hotels whose quality
of accommodation could fall into one class but the lack of an item such as an elevator or valet
parking would prevent it from reaching a higher categorization.
Generally, star ratings run from one-star to five-star; there is no such rating as
six-star or seven-star. A one-star hotel would likely be a small establishment run by the owner
himself, and offer very basic amenities with no restaurant on-site. A five-star hotel would be
very elegant with polished personalized service, providing high quality linens, an exclusive
range of toiletries, in-room video, 24-hour room service, gourmet menus, a full spa, a concierge
desk, etc.

Star Rating Considerations

Star ratings serve as a general guideline, but shouldn't function as the sole
determinant of deciding on a hotel. The location of the hotel, while vital to some visitors, might
not factored in the star rating. A nice hotel in an inconvenient location can cause more
headaches than a mediocre hotel right next to a bus line, train station or major attraction. Star
ratings prove most useful in identifying very poor and very luxurious hotels. A five star-rated
hotel will almost certainly have fabulous amenities, while a one-star hotel is almost guaranteed
to be a dive with little more than a couple of beds to sleep on.

Following are different types of services provided to the customers as

per the different class of Rating System

5-Star Rating: A luxurious hotel, offering the highest degree of personal service.
Elegance and style abound, and rooms are equipped with quality linens, VCR, CD stereo,
Jacuzzi tub and in-room video. There are multiple restaurants on site with extensive, gourmet
menus, and room-service is also available 24-7. A fitness center, valet parking and concierge
service round out the experience.

4-Star Rating: Formal, large hotels, with top-notch service. There will usually be other
hotels of the same caliber clustered nearby, as well as shopping, dining and entertainment.
Above-average service, beautifully furnished rooms, restaurants, room service, valet parking,
fitness center and a concierge are some amenities to expect.

3-Star Rating: Usually located near a major expressway, business center and/or
shopping area, these hotels offer nice, spacious rooms and decorative lobbies. On-site
restaurants may be average in size but will offer breakfast, lunch and dinner. Valet and room
service, a small fitness center and a pool are often available.

2-Star Rating: These hotels are generally part of a chain that offers consistent quality
and limited amenities. They are small or medium in size and rooms will have a phone and
TV. While you will not have the convenience of room service, there should be a small
restaurant on site.

1-Star Rating: Expect a small hotel managed and operated by the owner. The
atmosphere will be more personal and the accommodations basic. Restaurant service should
be within walking distance, as well as nearby public transportation, major intersections and
entertainment that is reasonable in price.

Inspections and Parameters

The 5-star rating process was done over the course of two inspections. The first
inspection is an unannounced and done with the knowledge of hotel management. The list
includes points for cleanliness, location, and condition of repair. The results of this inspection
determine whether the hotel gets one, two, or three stars.
If the hotel got three stars, then the second inspection is done undercover. The
inspector has a list of 550 different criteria that covers everything from basic service to the
quality of the linens. If these are all met, then the hotel is given its fourth star.
Beyond those 550 points, there are an additional 20 service benchmarks, such as
fresh flowers in the room. If these are met, then the inspector will award the hotel that cherished
5-Star rating.
There are a wide variety of rating schemes used by different organizations around
the world. Many have a system involving stars, with a greater number of stars indicating greater
luxury.
Even though star ratings can seem arbitrary, they can still be beneficial and can
help to inform you about a hotel. For instance, a four or five star hotel is always going to be
more luxurious than a one or two star hotel. A one star hotel is going to be an economy motel
and a two star hotel will be a higher end motel or budget hotel. Even one and two star hotels
will usually have all of the amenities you require for a nights sleep.
However, if youre seeking higher end amenities such as room service, Internet
access, movies, plush linens, fitness center access and the like, youll probably want to look at
hotels that are rated three stars and above. Three star hotels are moderately priced hotels that
are comfortable and absolutely adequate places to stay, but may lack some of the luxury of four
star hotels. A five star rating is reserved exclusively for the countrys highest end chain and
boutique hotels. Expect to pay a premium for five star luxuries.

Classification of Hotels
The hotel industry is so vast that many hotels do not fit into single well defined
category. Hotels are classified according to the hotel size, location, target markets, levels of
service, facilities, number of rooms, ownership and affiliation etc.

Based on location

City center: Generally located in the heart of city within a short distance from
business center, shopping arcade.

Resort hotels: They are also termed as health resort or beach hill resort and so
depending on their position and location. They cater a person who wants to relax,
enjoy themselves at hill station. Most resort work to full capacity during peak season.
Sales and revenue fluctuate from season to season.

Floating hotels: It is located on river, sea or big lakes.

Boatels: A house boat hotels is referred as boatels, which offers luxurious

accommodation to travelers.

Based on the Length of Stay

Transient Hotel: These are where guest stays for a day or even less, they are
usually five star hotels. The occupancy rate is usually very high. These hotels are
situated near airport.

Residential hotels: These are the hotel where guest can stay for a minimum
period of one month and up to a year. The rent can be paid on monthly or quarterly
basis. They provide sitting room, bed room and kitchenette.

Semi residential hotels: These hotels incorporate features of both transient

and residential hotel.

Based on Theme
Depending on theme hotel may be classified into Heritage hotels, Ecotels, Boutique,
Hotels and Spas.

Heritage hotel: In this hotel a guest is graciously welcomed, offered room that
have their own history, serve traditional cuisine and are entertained by folk artist.
These hotels put their best efforts to give the glimpse of their region. Example: Jai
Mahal palace in Jaipur.

Ecotels: these are environment friendly hotels these hotel use ecofriendly items in
the room. Example: Orchid Mumbai is Asia first and most popular five star ecotel.

Boutique hotels: This hotel provides exceptional accommodation, furniture in a

themed and stylish manner and caters to corporate travelers. Example: In India the
park Bangalore is a boutique hotel.

Spas: is a resort which provide therapeutic bath and massage along with other
features of luxury hotels in India Ananda spa in Himalaya are the most popular Spa.

Target Markets
Hotel target many markets and can be classified according to the markets they
attempt to attract their guests. Common type of markets include business, airport, suites,
residential, resort, timeshare, casino, convention and conference hotels.

Business Hotels: -

Resort Hotels: - Resort hotels are usually located in the mountains, on an island,

These hotels are the largest group of hotel types and cater
primarily to business travelers and usually located in downtown or business districts.
Although Business hotels primarily serves business travelers, many tour groups,
individual tourists and small conference groups find these hotels attractive. Guest
amenities at business hotels may include complimentary newspapers, morning coffee,
free local telephone calls, Breakfast etc.

or in some other exotic locations away from cities. These hotels have recreational
facilities, scenery, and golf, tennis, and sailing, skiing and swimming. Resort hotels
provide enjoyable and memorable guest experiences that encourage guest to repeat to
the resort.

Airport Hotels: - These type of hotels typically target business clientele, airline
passengers with overnight travel layovers or cancelled flights and airline personnel.
Some hotels might give free transport between hotel and airport. Some hotels also
provide meeting facilities to attract guests who travel to a meeting by air and wish to
minimize ground travel. Another attraction of these hotels is instead of charging the
guest on a daily basis guest can also pay for their room on an hourly basis.

Suite Hotels: -

Extended Stay Hotels: - Extended stay hotels is somewhat similar to the suite

These kind of hotels are the latest trend and the fastest growing
segments in the hotel industry. Main attraction of these hotels is guestrooms with a
living room and a separate bedroom. In exchange for more complete living room suite
hotels generally have fewer and more limited public areas and guest services than other
hotels. Professionals such as accountants, lawyers, business men and executives find
suite hotels particularly attractive as they can work and also entertain in an area besides
the bedroom.

hotels, but usually offers kitchen amenities in the room. These kind of hotels are for
travelers who want to stay more than a week and does not want to depend on the service
of the hotel. Extended service hotels usually does not provide any F & B service or
Laundry service etc. These kind of hotels are considered by guests as "Home away from
home "

Apartment Hotels: -

Bed and Breakfast Hotels: -

Timeshare and condominium Hotels: - Another new type or segment

Apartment / Residential hotels provide long-term or

permanent accommodation for Guest. Usually guest makes a lease agreement with the
hotel for minimum of one month up to a year. These lease agreements are renewed on
a yearly basis. Guest rooms generally include living room, bedroom, kitchen, private
balcony, washing machines, kitchen utensils etc. Residential hotel also provided
Housekeeping, laundry, telephone and in some hotels a restaurant and lounge etc. will
be present on the premises.

These are houses with rooms converted into

overnight facilities, this can size up to 20 to 30 guest rooms. They are also known as
'Home Stay's'. The owner of the B&B usually stay on the premises and is responsible
for serving breakfast to guest. Due to the limited services offered at these hotels the
price for room is very less than any full service hotel.

of the hospitality industry is the timeshare hotels. These are sometimes referred to as
Vacation-interval" hotels. Timeshare hotels are where the guests who purchase the
ownership of accommodations for a specific period .These owners may also have the
unit rented out by the management company that operates the hotel.

Casino Hotels :- Hotels with gambling facilities may be categorized as a distinct

group called Casino Hotels .Although the food and beverage operations in casino is
luxurious their functions is secondary to and supportive of casino operations. Casino
hotels attract guest by promoting the gambling and other entertainments.

Conference Centers: - These type of hotels focus on meeting and conferences

and overnight accommodation for meeting attendees. They also provide High quality
audiovisual equipments, business services, flexible seating arrangements, flipchart etc.
These hotels mostly located outside the metropolitan areas and have facilities like golf,
swimming pools, tennis courts, fitness centers, spas etc.

Convention Centers: -

Convention hotels are larger in size compared to

conference centers and likely to have more than 1500 rooms. These hotels are huge and
have sufficient number of guest rooms to house all the attendees of most conventions,
even the size of the meeting rooms , ball rooms , exhibit rooms are quite huge .They
usually cater to convention market for state , regional , national, and international
associations .

Levels Of service

World class service: - These are also called luxury hotels, they target top business
executives, entertainment celebrities, high- ranking political figures, and wealthy
clientele as their primary markets. They provide upscale restaurants and lounges,
concierge services and also private dining facilities. Guestrooms are oversized, heated
and plush bath towels, large soaps bars, shampoo, shower caps and all amenities.
Housekeeping services are given two times a day including turn-down service. Above
all luxury hotels give personalized service to the guest and have a relatively high ration
of staff members to guests.

Mid-Range Service: - Hotels offering mid-range service appeal to the largest segment
of the travelling public. This kind of hotels does not provide elaborate service and have
an adequate staffing. They also provide uniformed service, food and beverage room
service, in room entertainment's and also Wi-Fi. Property may offer a specialty
restaurant, coffee shop and lounge that cater to visitors as well as hotel guests. Type of
guests who like to stay at these hotels are business people, individual travellers, and
families.

Economy / Limited Service: These hotels provide clean, comfortable, safe,

inexpensive rooms and meet the basic need of guests. Economy hotels appeal primarily
to budget minded travelers who wants a room with minimum services and amenities
required for comfortable stay, without unnecessary paying additional cost for costly
services .These type of hotels might not offer food and beverage facilities.

Green Building
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable
building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally and resourceefficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
In other words, green building design involves finding the balance between
homebuilding and the sustainable environment. This requires close cooperation of the design
team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building
practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility,
durability, and comfort.
A green building is not an assemblage of environmental components or a
piecemeal modification of an already-designed, standard building. These approaches not only
add to the buildings cost, but also produce marginal resource savings at best.

True green building takes a holistic approach to programming, planning, designing, and
constructing (or renovating) buildings and sites.
It involves connecting often-interlinked issues such as site and climate, building
orientation and form, lighting and thermal comfort, materials, etc., and optimizing all
these aspects in concert.
In order to capture the multiple benefits of synergistic design, the whole system
design process must occur early in the buildings conception and involve
interdisciplinary teamwork.
In the conventional, linear development process, key people are often left out of
decision-making or brought in too late to make a worthwhile contribution.
Early and complete collaboration, however, can reduce or eliminate both capital and
operating costs, while at the same time meeting environmental and social goals.

Green building design eliminates waste and redundancy wherever possible.

One of the key ways of reducing resource consumption and cost is to evaluate first whether a
new building needs to be built. Renovating an existing building can save money, time, and
resources, while often enabling a company (or a family, if it is a residential building) to be
located in a part of town with existing infrastructure and public transportation, enhancing
convenience and reducing sprawl. If a new building is required, it should be sized only as large
as it really needs to be. Smaller buildings require fewer materials, less land, and less operational
energy. Our cultural assumption is that we should buy (or lease) as much square footage as we
can afford.

Green design elements may each serve several functions and might allow other
building components to be downsized.
For example,

Better windows and insulation can result in smaller heating systems;

Photovoltaic panels can doubles shade for parking or can replace a buildings spandrel
glazing.

Green Buildings use various techniques to reduce heat flow by natural heating and
cooling methods to improve the living conditions and make the building energy efficient.
Techniques include

Daylighting,
Passive solar heating,
Natural ventilation,
Passive cooling,
Efficient and right-sized HVAC systems, and
Utilization of waste heat.

Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to
reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It
often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using sunlight through passive
solar, active solar, and photovoltaic equipment, and using plants and trees through green
roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as
using low-impact building materials or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of
conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water.
While the practices or technologies employed in green building are constantly evolving and may
differ from region to region, fundamental principles persist from which the method is derived:
siting and structure design efficiency, energy efficiency, water efficiency, materials efficiency,
indoor environmental quality enhancement, operations and maintenance optimization and waste
and toxics reduction.
The main objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built
environment on human health and the natural environment by:

Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
Reducing pollution and environmental degradation
Life cycle assessment
Siting and structure design efficiency

Energy efficiency
Water efficiency
Materials efficiency
Indoor environmental quality enhancement
Operations and maintenance optimization

Waste reduction

Leadership in Energy and Environmental

Design (LEED)
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating
systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes
and neighborhoods.
In other words it can be defined as a green building certification program that
recognizes best-in-class building strategies and practices. To receive LEED certification,
building projects satisfy prerequisites and earn points to achieve different levels of certification.
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) developed LEED certification
process to enhance environmental awareness among architects and building contractors, and to
encourage the design and construction of energy-efficient, water-conserving buildings that use
sustainable or green resources and materials.
LEED certification process uses a point system to determine the environmental
merits of a building; there are different rating systems for homes, commercial buildings,
interior renovations, schools, neighborhood developments, and other construction projects.
For most projects, there are four levels of LEED certification, depending on how
many points the project has earned: certified, silver, gold or platinum. According to the
USGBC, there are nine key areas measured by LEED:

Sustainable Sites

Water Efficiency

Energy and Atmosphere

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Location and Linkages

Awareness and Education

Innovation in Design

Regional Priority

LEED Rating system

LEED has evolved since 1998 to more accurately represent and incorporate
emerging green building technologies. The pilot version, LEED New Construction (NC) v1.0,
led to LEED NCv2.0, LEED NCv2.2 in 2005, and LEED 2009 (previously named LEEDv3)
in 2009. LEEDv4 was introduced in November, 2013.
LEED 2009 encompasses nine rating systems for the design, construction and
operation of buildings, homes and neighborhoods. Five overarching categories correspond to
the specialties available under the LEED Accredited Professional program. That suite currently
consists of:

Green Building Design & Construction

LEED for New Construction

LEED for Core & Shell

LEED for Schools

LEED for Retail: New Construction and Major Renovations

LEED for Healthcare

Green Interior Design & Construction

LEED for Commercial Interiors

LEED for Retail: Commercial Interiors

Green Building Operations & Maintenance

LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance

Green Neighborhood Development

LEED for Neighborhood Development

Green Home Design and Construction

LEED for Homes

LEED certified buildings offer a wide range of cost savings and occupant benefits.
Included here are lower operating costs and increased asset value, reduced waste sent to
landfills, less water and energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, healthier
indoor air, eligibility for tax rebates, zoning allowances, and other incentives. In addition to
this, in society today that places considerable value on environmental stewardship, LEED
participation demonstrates an owners commitment to environmental and social responsibility.
Pursuing LEED certification for a project is an additional added cost since it can increase the
cost of initial design and construction and require the need to use LEED accredited
professionals to undertake a building project. These costs are offset by savings obtained over
time by the lower than industry standard building costs typical of LEED certified buildings.
LEED certified buildings also tend to command higher rental rates and greater occupancy than
non-green buildings. Studies have also shown that workers in LEED certified buildings have
increased labor productivity, job retention, and days worked.
The LEED rating system offers four levels of certification for new building constructions.
These ratings include:

Certified: 26-32 points

Silver: 33-38 points
Gold: 39-51 points
Platinum: 52-69 points

These points correspond to the number of credits that can be obtained in the Green Building
design categories:

sustainable sites-26 points

water efficiency-10 points
energy and atmosphere-35 points
materials and resources-14 points
indoor environmental quality-15 points
innovation and design-6 points
Regional Priority 4 points

A building requires a minimum of 26 points to obtain LEED certification.