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15.0 Release
ANSYS Confidential
Motivation
How do I choose which turbulence model and near-wall
modeling approach to use for a given application?
Understanding of how turbulence modeling issues affect turbulence
model selection and performance
Observation and comparison of behavior of turbulence models for flows
in similar applications
Results from a variety of flows will be presented
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Computational
Resources
Turbulence Model
&
Near-Wall Treatment
Accuracy
Required
Computational
Grid
Turnaround
Time
Constraints
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Separated &
recirculating flows
Streamwise vortices
Impinging flows
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ANSYS Confidential
Modeling Challenges
Yet turbulence modeling is a pacing item for the fidelity of
CFD predictions
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X-Velocity
B.C.
Thermal
B.C.
Turbulence B.C.
Profile
Uniform
Profile
Uniform
Uniform
Profile
Uniform
k = 1, e = 1
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Tri w b/l
Quad Pave
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Tri
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30% Growth
40% Growth
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Fundamentals
Advantages
Drawbacks
Recommended usage
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shock
Ptotal
95KPa
kPagage
total==95
gage
dd
ee/c=0.04
/ c = 0.04
c
Leading Edge
Trailing Edge
shock
shock induced
flow separation
trailing edge
Despite its simplicity, SA captures the position of the shock very well
whereas Standard k-e fails
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Fundamentals
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inlet
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outlet
x=3m
x=6m
measuring
planes
0.9
0,9
0.8
0,8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0.2
0,2
0.1
0,1
0
-0.5
0
-0.3
-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
-0,5
-0,3
SST-grid3
SKE-grid3
RNG-grid3
-0,1
0,1
0,3
RKE-grid3
SST-grid3
Measurement
SKE-grid3
RNG-grid3
SKE results are consistent with the predictions of other k-e models
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0,5
0,7
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RKE-grid3
Measurment
0,9
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location.
Non-equilibrium boundary layer treatment
xR
U0
ReD 50,000
D
Reattachment point
Recirculation zone
N. Djilali and I. S. Gartshore (1991), Turbulent Flow Around a Bluff Rectangular Plate,
Part I: Experimental Investigation, JFE, Vol. 113, pp. 5159.
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Standard k
RNG k
Realizable k
Reynolds Stress
0.49
0.42
0.35
0.28
0.21
0.14
0.07
0.00
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Standard k (SKE)
Skin
Friction
Coefficient
Cf 1000
Realizable k (RKE)
SKE severely underpredicts the size of
the separation bubble, while RKE
predicts the size exactly.
Experimentally observed
reattachment point is at
x / D = 4.7
Distance Along
Plate, x / D
RKE results are often better than standard k-e when accurate predictions needed
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0.1
SST
Wilcox 2006
Spalart-Allmaras
2
v -f
Experiment
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
u/U ref
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Advantages
natural description of near wall turbulence
promising results for 3D low-Re boundary-layer flows
Drawbacks
high quality high resolution meshing required
needs more CPU time and memory than 2-equation models
sometimes difficult to converge
Recommended usage
in detail analysis of the near-wall behaviour and heat transfer
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Twall
Free jet
Stagnation
zone
Wall Jet
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Boundary
Layer
Nu*
V2F
V2F
k-
k-
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Transition Models
Fundamentals
Drawbacks
Recommended usage
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Fully-turbulent Flow
Transition
s/C
s/C
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Laminar
Blade
Pressure
Side
Stagnation
h , W/( m2K )
Fully-turbulent Flow
Transition
Laminar
Blade
Pressure
Side
Stagnation
h , W/( m2K )
Note: Experiment
authors indicated
that the
instrumentation
for the heat flux
measurements
was inducing
early transition in
the heat transfer
data
Advantages
physically more sound than Eddy Viscosity concept, e.g. weak secondary flow along
sharp edges is resolved
Drawbacks
Recommended usage
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Periodic element
.
m = 0.0138 kg/s
W = 2.6 m/s
Re = 10000
corner
s = 0.1m
x
z
Wsecondary /Wmain< 3%
wsecondary (m/s)
only RSM is able to resolve the secondary flow pattern in sharp corners
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0.1 m
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0.12 m
Uin = 20 m/s
0.97 m
0.2 m
despite swirl option, RNG accuracy worse than RKE and SST; only RSM
delivers potential flow vortex
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tunnel wall
Case description
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wing
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depending on time and space discretization, directly resolves large scale turbulent
eddies
eddy viscosity models to account for subgrid turbulence
Advantages
detailed analysis of unsteady turbulent flow, e.g. turbulent structures behind bluff
bodies, aeroacoustics
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ANSYS Confidential
ReD=40000
U0
P = 600W
Case description
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3.11 D
Courtesy CEA/EDF
3.31 D
LES
Temperature at x = 1.5m
Experiment
SST
LES
Experiment
2750
2750
2500
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2250
2250
2000
2000
1750
1750
1500
1250
1250
1000
1000
750
750
500
500
250
321 500 800
2500
G=1m50
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-800
-500
-321
0
321
Largeur (mm)
500
250
800
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U0
Rain Gutter
Iso-surface of vorticity
Cp at rain gutter
Mean flow properties and SPL from unsteady noise sources reasonably well
captured by LES
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depending on time and space discretization, LES resolves large scale turbulent eddies
RANS modeling for near wall regions
Advantages
Drawbacks
detailed analysis of unsteady turbulent flow, e.g. turbulent structures behind bluff
bodies, aeroacoustics
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DES
Cl
1.515-1.574
1.569
Cd
0.021-0.031
0.0313
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Cd
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Experiment
DES
0.250
0.253
Summary
ANSYS Fluent provides a broad range of RANS, LES and hybrid RANSLES turbulence models.
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