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Phrase
Structure
Grammar
Categorial Grammar
Tree-Adjoining Grammar
Chomsky, in an award acceptance speech delivered in India in 2001, claimed The rst generative grammar in the
Chomsky has argued that many of the properties of a gen- modern sense was Panini's grammar.This work, called
erative grammar arise from an innate universal gram- the Ashtadhyayi, was composed in the 6th century BC.
mar. Proponents of generative grammar have argued that Generative grammar has been under development since
most grammar is not the result of communicative func- the late 1950s, and has undergone many changes in the
tion and is not simply learned from the environment (see types of rules and representations that are used to predict
the poverty of the stimulus argument). In this respect, grammaticality. In tracing the historical development of
generative grammar takes a point of view dierent from ideas within generative grammar, it is useful to refer to
cognitive grammar, functional, and behaviorist theories. various stages in the development of the theory.
Frameworks
The so-called Standard Theory corresponds to the original model of generative grammar laid out in Chomsky
(1965).
There are a number of dierent approaches to generative grammar. Common to all is the eort to come up
with a set of rules or principles that formally denes each
and every one of the members of the set of well-formed
expressions of a natural language. The term generative
grammar has been associated with at least the following
schools of linguistics:
4 MUSIC
syntactic constraints
generalized phrase structures (X-bar theory)
1.1.3
Essentially, the tree model works something like this example, in which S is a sentence, D is a determiner, N a
Revised Extended Standard Theory (1973 noun, V a verb, NP a noun phrase and VP a verb phrase:
1976)
S
NP
D
VP
N
NP
the bone
1.1.4
3 Grammaticality judgments
See also
Formal grammar
Hurford, J. (1990) Nativist and functional explanations in language acquisition. In I. M. Roca (ed.),
Logical Issues in Language Acquisition, 85136.
Foris, Dordrecht.
Cognitive linguistics
Parsing
Linguistic competence
7 Further reading
References
8.1
Text
8.2
Images
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8.3
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