CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO OAU

POSTUTME MATHEMATICS
(2006 2014)

CHRIST OPHER O.O.

i

Creative Solutions:
2014 by Christopher O.O

Published in Nigeria by:

Contact the author on:

Mobile:+2347066578808.
Email: christopher.olasupo@gmail.com

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying or otherwise without
the prior written consent of the copyright owner.

ii

Dedication
This book is dedicated to men and women, young and old in all the nations of the earth,
who are living purposefully and adding values to the lives of others.

iii

Appreciation
Tremendous thanks to my brilliant friend, colleague, editor and typist JP Okeke. You
are the best I have ever worked with by a million miles!
My deep appreciation and thanks to my wonderful Senior partner, from whom I draw
creativity and wisdom for all aspect of life.
I also thank all my teachers, from Nursery to University level. I love you all and I say a
Big thank you to you all.

Contents

DEDICATION

iii

Appreciation

Preface

5
5
7

1.1
1.2

Questions, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solution, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1
2.2

16
Question, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Solution, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.1
3.2

26
Question, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Solution, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

4.1
4.2

36
Question, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Solution, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

5.1
5.2

45
Question, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Solution, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6.1
6.2

55
Question, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Solution, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

7.1
7.2

64
Question, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Solution, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

CONTENTS

8
8.1
8.2

76
Question, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Solution, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

9.1
9.2

88
Question, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Solution, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

CONTENTS

Preface
Private study is the best form of learning and it should not be replaced by
any other form of learning.
Dr. O.P Layeni
Dept of Mathematics, OAU
Over the years, millions and billions of people dreamt and desired to get the best education and to gain admission into a higher Institution of Learning but unfortunately every
year all over the world many could not achieve this aim.
The few ones who end up attaining their aims on their own merits, have just one
advantage over the others. They have sought and found access to the best preparatory
materials and requisite books, in their subject areas and they have devoted their time and
energy to studying them. Our motive is to ensure you are among these few ones.
This book, Creative Solution to OAU POSTUTME Mathematics, gives you all you
need to excel in your Mathematics examinations as the solutions are so detailed and nicely
broken down, that the knowledge you acquire having studied them, will be very useful
in solving other similar questions under the same topic.
The questions are properly typeset to ease understanding. They are arranged in the
pattern you will find them in your examination. It is recommended that you first attempt
the questions on your own, set a time limit and mark your attempts. Then go over the
solutions given here to familiarize yourself with the areas you could not deal with.
Wishing you the best in your preparations and I pray that GOD Ease your understanding and grant you success. He will bless all your good efforts in this examination and you
shall be rewarded with admission into the Institution of your dream. Your happiness and
success is our joy!

Questions, 2014
30
1. Simplify + 50.
2

A. 4 5 B. 20 2 C. 5 5

A. (0, 5) B. (5, 0)
C. (0, 5) D. (5, 0)
10. If and are the roots of equation
cx2 + ax + b = 0, find .
a
b
c
b
B.
C.
D.
A.
a
c
c
a

D. 10 2

2. If m is the gradient of the line

1
pq px qy = 0 and q 6= 0, find
m
q
p
q
p
A.
B.
C.
D.
p
q
p
q


1
3. Evaluate
25
A. 8 B. 10

11. The binary operation is defined by

a b = 2a 1. Find 3 (2 1)
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
12. Two coins are tossed. Find the probability of having at least two heads.
B. 34 C. 41 D. 1
A. 12

 1

  2
1 3
+
8
C. 9 D. 6
2

13. Solve the equation

4. Find the remainder when x4 11x + 2

is divided by x
A. 2 B. 6 C. -2 D. 5

A. 0

B. 1

=0
1
1+ 3
x
C. 1 D.

14. If P is directly proportional to Q;

P = 20 when Q = 4. Find Q when
P = 100
A. 200 B. 300 C. 100 D. 400

12
and A is an acute angle,
5. If cos A =
13

find 1 + tan2 A
144
25
169
169
A.
B.
C.
D.
25
144
25
144

15. Find theangle in degree which the

line x 3y = 0 makes with the positive yaxis
A. 30 B. 90 C. 60 D. 180
Z a
16. Given
15x2 dx = 3430, find the

6. Integrate the function 1 2x with respect to x.

A. x x2 + K B. x + x2 + K
C. x x2 + K
D. x x2 + K
7. If equation 6 kx + 2x2 = 0 has equal
roots, find k 2 + 4
A. 48 B. 52 C. 44 D. 96

8. Simplify log100 101

1
1
1
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
8
4
4
8

value of the constant a

A. 8 B. 6 C. 7 D. 9
d
17. Evaluate
(ln sin 3x)
dx
A. 3 cot 3x B. 3 tan 3x
1
D. 3 sin 3x
C.
sin 3x

9. Obtain the center of the circle

7(y 2 + 10y) + 7x2 = 1

Questions, 2014

18. Find the equation of a line which

passes through a point (2, 3) and
makes an angle of 45 with positive
x axis.
A. y x 5 = 0
B. y + x + 5 = 0
C. x y 5 = 0 D. y x + 5 = 0
19. Find the sum to infinity of the sequence 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
C. -2 D. 12
A. 2 B. 21
20. Differentiate 2 sin(2 ax) with respect to x
A. a cos(2 ax) B. a sin(2 ax)
C. a cos(2 ax) D. sin(2 ax)
!2  1 2 
4 m
8 n
21. Simplify
3
2n2
m2
A. 128n3 m1 B. 8n3 m1
C. 8n3 m D. 8n4 m
22. If x is a real number and x + 11 < 0,
|x|
evaluate
.
x
A. 0 B. 1 C. 1 D. 2

Solution, 2014

Solution, 2014
1. In Surds, we rationalize a fraction
when its denominator has the root
2
. We ratiosign in it. Example
1 2
nalize by multiplying both the numerator and denominator of the fraction
with the conjugate of the
denominator. The conjugate of 1 2 is what
you multiply with it that will make

the root sign

disappear
which is 1+ 2
since (1 2)(1 + 2) = 1 2 = 1.

30
Now, to solve + 50, we first ra2
30
tionalize to have
2

30
30 2
30 2
2
30
= = =
= 15 2
2
2
2
2
4

We also simplify 50 as follows:

50 = 2 25 =
2 25

=
25

50 = 5 2
Now,

30
+ 50 = 15 2 + 5 2
2

= (15 + 5) 2

= 20 2

The equation of a straight line when

given the gradient or slope m and a
point (x1 , y1 ) on the line is
y y1 = m(x x1 )
Now, for the equation;
pq px qy = 0
We make y the subject of formula to
make it look like equation (1.1), so
that we can compare the two equations and bring out m, the gradient
qy = px pq
px pq
,
y =
q
p
pq
y = x+
q
q
p
= x+p
q

p
y = x+p
(1.3)
q
On comparing (1.1) and (1.3) we observe that
p
m=
q
and
1
1
q
= p =
m
q
p
Hence,

1
q
=
m
p

C.

3. Note: In Indices;
 a  1

B.

2. The equation of a straight line when

given the gradient or slope m and the
y intercept c is
(1.1)

 1
b n
=
a
r
n b
=
a

Also,
 a  m
n

y = mx + c

q 6= 0

so

Hence,

30
+ 50 = 20 2
2

(1.2)

 m
b n
=
=
a

r !m
n b
a

Solution, 2014

Now,


1
25

 1
2

  2
1
2
1 3
+
= (25) 2 + (8) 3
8
 2

2
3
=
25 +
8

Kindly see the solution to Q18 of 2009

for more explicit explanation on polynomials.
5. From trigonometry,
sin2 A + cos2 A = 1

= 5 + (2)
= 5+4
= 9

On dividing each term of the above

equation by cos2 A, we have
cos2 A sin2 A
1
+
=
2
2
cos A cos A
cos2 A

Hence,


1
25

 1
2

  2
1 3
+
= 9.
8

C.

Kindly see solutions to Q2 of 2012 for

more on indices.
4. Note: Polynomial, p(x) = D(x)Q(x) +
R(x), where D(x) is the divisor, Q(x)
is the Quotient and R(x) is the remainder.

which gives
1 + tan2 A =

1
= sec2 A
cos2 A

sin A
, 1 = sec A
(Note that tan A = cos
A cos A
2
sin A
2
and cos
2 A = tan A). Now,

12
cos A = , cos2 A =
13

Now,
4

P (x) = x 11x + 2 and D(x) = x

x3
x

x4
x4

12
13

2
=

144
169

169
1
=
cos2 A
144

Hence,

11
11x + 2

1 + tan2 A =

11x
11x
Hence, the remainder is 2.

1 + tan2 A =

169
,
144

D.

Kindly see solution to Q13,Q14 and

Q15 of 2010 for more on trigonometry.
A.

x4
step 1 :
= x3 Q(x)
x


step 2 : x(x3 ) = x4 D(x)Q(x)
P (x) x4 = 11x + 2


11x
step 3 :
= 11 Q(x)
x


step 4 : x(11) = 11x D(x) Q(x)


(11x + 2) (11x) = 2 R(x)

6. Generally,
Z

axn dx =

axn+1
+ k,
n+1

where k is the constant of integration.

Solution, 2014

From this, k 2 +4 = 48+4, on adding 4,

to both sides of equation above. This
implies that

Now,
Z
Z
Z
(1 2x)dx =
1dx 2xdx
Z
Z
0
=
1x dx 2x1 dx
1x0+1 2x1+1

+k
0+1
1+1
1x1 2x2
=

+k
1
2
= x x2 + k
=

Hence,
Z
(1 2x)dx = x x2 + k

k 2 + 4 = 52,
8. We note that

i. loga x = b implies that x = ab

n

ii. m an = a m

n
iii. an = a 2
Now,

A.

(Kindly see the solutions to Q19 of

2013, Q17 of 2012 and Q5 of 2011 for
more explicit explanations on integration.)

log100

equal and real roots

complex /imaginary roots
unequal and real roots

Now, if 6 kx + 2x2 = 0 has equal

roots,
2x2 kx + 6 = 0,
a = 2, b = k, c = 6

10 2 = 100x
1

x
10 2 = 102
1

10 2 = 102x
On equating the powers of 10, we
have
1
= 2x
2
1 1
1
1
2x = which implies x = =
2
2 2
4
1
x=
4
which implies that

then

b 4ac = (k) 4(2)(6) = 0

which implies that
k 2 4(12) = 0
k 2 48 = 0
k 2 = 48

101 = log100 10 2

Let log100 10 2 = x, then using (i.)

7. For the quadratic equation ax2 + bx +

c = 0 to have equal roots then, b2 4ac
must be equal to zero, that is, when
b2 4ac = 0,
b2 4ac < 0,
b2 4ac > 0,

B.

log100

1
101 = ,
4

B.

Kindly see the solutions to Q5 and

Q18 of 2013, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of 2012
for more explicit explanations on logarithms and indices.

10

Solution, 2014

9. The general equation for a circle is

x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2f y + c = 0

(1.4)

where (g,
p f ) is the center of the circle and g 2 + f 2 c is the radius of
the circle.
Now, for the given circle equation
7(y 2 + 10y) + 7x2 = 1

10. If and are the roots of a quadratic

equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0,
then
x2 ( + )x + = 0
is the quadratic equation in terms of
its roots and
x2 ( + )x + = 0

We expand this as follows

(1.6)

Now,

7y 2 + 70y + 7x2 = 1
7x2 + 7y 2 + 70y = 1

cx2 + ax + b = 0,
Divide through by c

Divide through by 7, to have

x2 + y 2 + 10y =

cx2 ax b
+
+ =0
c
c
c

1
7

which implies
x2 + y 2 + 10y

1
=0
7

(1.5)

On comparing equations (1.4) and

(1.5), we have
1
2gx = 0, 2f y = 10y and , c = ,
7
This implies that g = 0, f = 5 and
c = 17 Now,

a
b
x2 + x + = 0
(1.7)
c
c
Comparing equations (1.6) and (1.7),
a
b
( + ) = , and =
c
c
Hence,

b
= ,
C.
c
See the solutions to Q9 of 2013 and
Q9 of 2011 for more explanations on
quadratic equations and its roots.

centre = (g, f ) = (0, 5) = (0, 5)11. By the definition given, a b = 2a 1.

q
p
radius =
g 2 + f 2 c = 02 + 52 ( 17 ) So
r
q
2 1 = 2(2) 1, since a = 2
176
radius =
0 + 25 + 71 =
21=41=3
7
Hence, the center of the circle is
(0, 5),
C.
See the solutions to Q2, Q3 and Q4 of
2013, Q18 of 2012 for more explanations on equations of a circle.

Now,
3 (2 1) = 3 3
3 3 = 2(3) 1, since a = 3
33=61=5

11

Solution, 2014

so that

13.

1
=0
1 + x13

3 (2 1) = 3 3 = 5
Hence,
3 (2 1) = 5,

C.

See the solution to Q15 of 2011 for

more explanation on binary operations.
12. We note that a coin has two sides. On
one side is the head(H) and on the
other side is the tail(T ).
When two coins are tossed, the table
below shows the outcome. From the
H
T

H
HH
TH

T
HT
TT

table, observe that we have only one

(HH) that is, two heads (HH) appear
together, so

We simplify this as follows:



1
1 1+ 3 =0
x
 3

x +1
1
= 0, (taking L.C.M)
x3


x3
1
=0
x3 + 1
x3
so, 3
=0
x +1
On cross multiplying, we have
x3 = 0(x3 + 1)
x3 = 0

which implies that x = 3 0 = 0

Hence,
x = 0,

A.

See also Q9 of 2007 for more on this.

if P is diProbability(having at least two heads) 14. We note that in variation,

rectly proportional to Q, it means

Number of Events
=
p
Total number of outcomes
P Q
P(at least two heads)
numbers of times HH appears
=
Total number of possible outcomes
From the table, we have only four possible outcome and only one HH appearing, so that
1
P(at least two heads) = ,
4

C.

See solution to Q21, Q22,Q23 and Q24

of 2008 for more on probability and
coins.

and P = k Q where k is the constant

of proprotionality.
Next, we find k using the parameters
given as follows
P = 20, when Q = 4
p
P =k Q

20 = k 4
20 = k 2
2k = 20
20
k=
= 10
2

(1.8)

12

Solution, 2014

Substitute, k = 10 in (1.8)

Now, P = 10 Q is the equation connecting P and Q. To find Q when

P = 100, we have
p
P = 10 Q,
p
100 = 10 Q
p
100 p
= Q; 10 = Q
10
p
Q = 10
Take the square of both sides to find
Q,
p
2
Q = (10)2
Q = 102 = 100

follows:

x 3y = 0

3y = x
Divide through by
x
y=
3
1
y= x
3

(1.10)

On comparing equation (1.9) and

(1.10), we have that

Hence,
Q = 100,

C.

See also the solution to Q9 of 2006 and

Q11 of 2009 for more explanation on
variation.
15. The general equation of a straight line
with slope or gradient m and y intercept c is
y = mx + c
(1.9)
The slope or gradient m is the same
as the tangent of the angle the straight
line makes with the xaxis, that is,
m = tan ,
where is the angle the straight line
makes with the x axis;

Now, from the equation x 3y = 0,

we make y the subject of formula as

1
m= , c=0
3
Since m = tan , then
1
tan =
3
1
= tan1
3

= 30
This means the straight line makes an
angle of 30 with the x axis. For the
positive yaxis the straight line will
make an angle of (90 30 ) = 60
with the yaxis.
C.
Kindly see the solution to Q19 of 2011
for more on straight lines and their
slopes.
16. There are two types of integral Definite and Indefinite. The definite integrals have boundaries (which will

13

Solution, 2014

as follows:

exclude the constant of integration)

while the indefinite integrals have no
boundary (which will include the constant of integration). Example of defiZ 2
x2 dx. Example of innite integral,
1 Z

definite integral,
2x + 1dx.
In this case,
Z a

5a3 5(a)3 = 3430

5a3 5(a3 ) = 3430
5a3 + 5a3 = 3430
10a3 = 3430
3430
a3 =
= 343
10
a3 = 343

3
a = 343
a=7
Hence, a = 7

C.

17. We note that

1 du
d
ln u = ,
dx
u dx

15x2 dx = 3430

To solve this definite integral, we will

proceed as follows: Integrate the left
hand side of the equation
a

15x2+1
= 3430
2 + 1 a

a
15x3
= 3430
3 a
h ia
5x3
= 3430
a

Now we substitute the lower and upper bounds, but the upper bound (a)
comes first, before the lower bound
(a) and separated by a negative sign

d
where u = u(x) is a function of x. dx
means to find the derivative (i.e. to
differentiate) with respect to x.

Also,
du
d
sin u = cos u
dx
dx
where u = u(x) is a functions of x.
Now,

d
1
d
ln sin(3x) =

sin(3x)
dx
sin 3x dx
1
d(3x)
=
cos 3x
sin 3x
dx
cos 3x
=
3
sin 3x
cos 3x
= 3
sin 3x
but
1
,
tan
sin
cos
tan =
and cot =
cos
sin

cot =

14

Solution, 2014

so that
d
dx

where a is the first term of the progression.

ln sin 3x = 3 cot 3x,

A.

See the solutions to Q21 of 2013, Q15

of 2012 and Q4 of 2011 for more on
differentiation.
18. The equation of a straight line with
gradient m and passing through the
point (x1 , y1 ) is
y y1 = m(x x1 )

(1.11)

Also m = tan, where is the angle

the straight line makes with the positive x axis.
Now,
= 45 , (x1 , y1 ) = (2, 3)
m = tan = tan 45
m = 1.
Then using (1.11) where m = 1,
(x1 , y1 ) = (2, 3), we have


(y 3) = 1 x (2)
y3=x+2
y3x2=0
yx5=0
Hence, the equation of the line is
y x 5 = 0,

A.

See also Q4 of 2010

19. For a Geometric Progression, (GP),
T2
= TT32 = r, the common ratio. The
T1
general nth term of a Geometric progression is
Tn = arn1

The nth sum of the G.P is defined as;

Sn =

a(rn 1)
, when |r| > 1
r1

Sn =

a(1 rn )
, when |r| < 1
r1

or

The sum to infinity of a G.P. is defined

as:
a
.
S =
1r
Now, for the sequence,
1, 1, 1, 1,
T1 = 1, T2 = 1, T3 = 1,
T2
1
T3
1
=
=
=
= 1 = r.
T1
1
T2
1
So the sequence is a Geometric sequence with common ratio r = 1
and a = 1(the first term). The sum to
infinity then becomes,
1
a
=
1r
1 (1)
1
1
S =
=
1+1
2

S =

Hence, the sum to infinity is 12 ,

D.

See also Q10 of 2012, Q23 of 2010 and

Q12 of 2009 for more on Geometric
Progression.
20. To differentiate 2 sin(2 ax) with re-

15

Solution, 2014

22. We note that |x| is a symbol enclosing

x and it is defined as:

x;
when x 0
|x| =
(1.12)
x; when x < 0

spect to x, we mean to find


d
2 sin(2 ax)
dx


d(2) d sin(2 ax)
=

dx
dx
d(2 ax)
= 0 cos(2 ax)
dx
= cos(2 ax) (0 a)
= (a) cos(2 ax)
= a cos(2 ax)

Now, if x R, that is, if x is a real

number, and x + 11 < 0, x < 11
which means that x < 0, (as 11 < 0).
Since, x < 0, then
|x| = x

d
(Note: dx
(constant) = 0, constants like
numbers and parameters.) Hence,


d
2sin(2ax) = a cos(2ax),
dx

A.

Kindly see Q17 of 2014, Q21 of 2013,

Q15 of 2012 and Q4 of 2011 for more
on differentiation.
21.
 2  1 2 
4 m
8 n
3
2n2
m2
2 1 2
m
(8 n)
4 1
=
3
2 n2
(m 2 )2
 2 2  2

8 ( n)
2
m
=

2
m3
4
n

1


2
2
64 n 2 )2
m
n

=
m3
4
2
64n m2 n2

m3
8
8n3 m2
=
m2
8n3
=
m
= 8n3 m1 ,
B.
=

See similar solution to the same question in Q2 of 2012.

and
x
|x|
=
= 1 (since x < 0 as 11 < 0)
x
x
Hence,

|x|
= 1
x
Note that (1.12) means that when x
0, |x| = x and when x < 0, |x| = x.
B.
Kindly see Q16 of 2012 for more on
absolute value.

Question, 2013
1. If the probability of success in an
y
event is . What is the probability of
x
failure?
xy
yx
xy
A.
B.
C.
x
x
y
yx
D.
y
2. What is the
of the circle
 circumference
2
7
x2 + y 2 =
?

A. 16 units B. 14 units
C. 15 units D. 18 units

9. If , are the roots of equation

6 + 5x x2 = 0, find + +
A. 11 B. 11 C. 1 D. 1
10. What is the value of y for which the
y1
is undefined?
function
y+1
A. 1 B. 1 C. 0 D. 2
1
into partial fracx(1 + x)

11. Resolve

tions.
1
1
1
1
A. +
B.

x 1+x
1+x x
1
1
1
1
C.
D.
x 1+x
x 1+x
2

12. Solve the equation 5x = 25x+4

A. 4, 2
B. 4, 2
C.
D. 4, 2

3. Find the diameter of the circle

2x2 + 2y 2 = 50
A. 10 units B. 10 units
C. 25 units D. 25 units
4. What is the coordinate of center of the
circle x2 + y 2 + 2x 4y = 10?
A. (1, 2)
B. (1, 2)
C. (1, 2)
D. (1, 2)
5. Simplify logx x4 + log4 4x
A. 4x B. x4
C. 4 + x D. 4x log4x 4x
6. Solve the equation 3x+1 = 271x
A. 21
B. 12
C. 34
D. 43
7. Given f (x)
= 3 + x and g(x) = 3 x,
find g f (x)
A. 6 B. x C. x D. 0
8. What is the remainder when
x3 + 5x2 6x + 1 is divided by x 1
A. 1 B. 2 C. 2 D. 1
16

13. Evaluate

4
X

4, 2

(2n + 1)

n=2

A. 28

B. 31

C. 29

D. 32

14. Find point of intersection of the lines

3x 2y = 5, 2x + 5y = 7.
11
31
A. x = 19
, y = 19
31
11
B. x = 19 , y = 19
31
C. x = 11
, y = 19
19
D. x = 11
, y = 31
19
19
15. Solve 4x2 + 20x 24 = 0.
A. 1, 6
B. 1, 6
C.
D. 6, 1

6, 1

16. What is the 15th term of the sequence

3, 2, 7, ?
A. 65 B. 66 C. 68 D. 67

17

Question, 2013

17. What is the distance between the

points (1, 5) and (7, 3)?
A. 9 B. 10 C. 11 D. 12

log 27 log 8
18. Evaluate
log 3 log 2
A. 23
B. 23
C. 32
D. 23
1
with respect to x
x
A. ln x + x4 + K
B. x1 + x4 + K
2
2
C. 12x x + K D. 15 x5 + x2 + K

19. Integrate 4x3 +

20. If X = {2, 3, 6, 7, 8} and

Y = {6, 7, 10, 3, 17}, find X Y
A. {} B. 3, 6, 7
C. {2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 17} D. {6, 3, 7}
21. Differentiate sin(2x 5) with respect
to x
A. cos(2x 5) B. cos(2x 5)
C. 2 cos(2x 5) D. 2 cos(2x 5)
22. If , are the roots of equation x2 5x+
7 = 0, find the value of 2 + 2
A. 25 B. 25 C. 11 D. 11

18

Solution, 2013

Solution, 2013
1. The probability of any event (say x),
P (x) is between 0 and 1, that is, 0
p(x) 1. P (x) = 1 when the event
is certain to occur and P (x) = 0 when
the event will not occur at all. Probabilty means chance or likelihood of an
event occurring.
Probability of success
+ Probability of failure = 1,
that is,
P(success) + P(failure) = 1
Since P(success) of the event is xy , then
y
+ P(failure) = 1
x

Comparing (2.1) and (2.2) implies that

2
r = 7 units (take note r2 = 7 ,
which implies r = 7 ), that is, the radius, r = 7 units.
But circumference of a curve = 2r,
where r is the radius of the circle and
= 3.142.
 
7
C = 2r = 2
units

= 27
= 14 units
B.
3. Remember, the general equation of a
circle with center at the origin (0, 0)
and radius r is

y
P(failure) = 1
x
xy
=
x

x2 + y 2 = r 2

(2.3)

In this case,

Hence,
xy
P(failure) =
,
x

2x2 + 2y 2 = 50
A

Divide through by 2, to have

2. The general equation of a circle with

center at the origin (0, 0) and radius r
is
(x 0)2 + (y 0)2 = r2
which implies
x2 + y 2 = r 2

(2.1)

 2
7
x +y =

(2.4)

Comparing equation (2.3) and (2.4)

gives
r2 = 52
which implies r = 5 units. So, our radius, r = 5 units. But
diameter = 2 radius = 2r
= 2 5 units
= 10 units

Our case;
2

x2 + y 2 = 25
x2 + y 2 = 52

(2.2)

Hence, the diameter = 10 units,

B.

19

Solution, 2013

4. The most general equation of a circle

is
x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2f y + c = 0

Applying laws (i) and (ii) gives

logx x4 = 4 logx x = 4 1 = 4
log4 4x = x log4 4 = x 1 = x

(2.5)

where the circles center coordinate

is (g, f ) and the radius, r =
p
f 2 + g 2 c. Note that this is the approach when the center is not at the
origin.

Hence,
logx x4 + log4 4x = 4 + x,

C.

6.
3x+1 = 271x
But 3 = 31 and 27 = 33 , so that we
have
31(x+1) = 33(1x)

Our case:
x2 + y 2 + 2x 4y = 10

implies
3x+1 = 333x

implies
x2 + y 2 + 2x 4y 10 = 0

(2.6)

Equating the powers of 3 gives

x + 1 = 3 3x

We now proceed to find f, g and c.

So comparing (2.5) and (2.6), we have
that

Collecting like terms

x + 3x = 3 1
4x = 2
1
A.
x= ,
2

2x = 2gx, 4y = 2f y and 10 = c
2 = 2g,
4 = 2f and c = 10
g = 1,
f = 2
We have g = 1, f = 2 and c = 10
so center = (g, f )


=
1, (2)
= (1, 2)
C.
5. Laws of Logarithm:
i. loga ax = x loga a
ii. loga a = 1
iii. loga b = x implies b = ax

7. We note that


g f (x) g f
is a composite function that is, it is a
function of a function and
g f 6= f g
In our case;
f (x) = 3 + x and g(x) = 3 x


g f = g f (x) = 3 f (x) = 3 (3 + x)
So


g f (x) = 3 (3 + x)
= 33x
= x

iv. loga x + loga y = loga xy

 
v. loga x loga y = loga xy
In our case;
logx x4 + log4 4x

Hence,


g f (x) = x

C.

20

Solution, 2013

8. We note that in the Remainders theorem, if x a is a divisor of the polynomial P (x) and leaves a remainder, R,
then put x a = 0 implies x = a and
P (a) = R, the remainder.
In our case;

We ensure the coefficient of x2 is positive, so we multiply through by negative, to have

x2 5x 6 = 0

Comparing equation (2.7) and (2.8)

gives

P (x) = x3 + 5x2 6x + 1
and the divisor is x1. We put x1 =
0 which implies x = 1 and

5x = ( + )x and 6 =
Divide through by x, to have

Remainder, R = P (1) = P (x = 1)
R = P (x = 1) = P (1) = 13 + 5(1)2 6(1)
+1
= 1 + 5(1) 6 + 1
= 1+56+1
= 1
Hence, Remainder R = 1,

that is,

5 = ( + )
Divide through by negative, to have
5 = ( + )
which implies
( + ) = 5 and = 6
Now

D.

9. The general form of a quadratic equation in terms of its roots and is

x2 ( + )x + = 0

(2.8)

(2.7)

+ ( + ) = 6 + 5
= 1
Hence,
+ ( + ) = 1,

D.

x2 (sum of roots)x+products of roots = 0.

P (x)
, is undefined
10. A rational function, Q(x)
or not define when the denominator
We note the use of negative sign after
Q(x) = 0.
the first term in the equation (2.7) and
NEVER a positive sign.
In our case;
y1
In our case;
y+1
2
6 + 5x x = 0
is undefined when y + 1 = 0 which
implies that y = 1. Hence,
We rearrange in decreasing powers of
x, that is,
y1
y+1
x2 + 5x x2 = 0
is undefined when y = 1,
A.

21

Solution, 2013

11. Partial fractions are splits (two or

more) rational functions of a single
rational function. We note the rule
which states that when the denominator of a split rational function is a linear function, say (x + 1), it s numerator must be a constant say A and when
the denominator is a quadratic function, say x2 + 1, its numerator must
be a linear function (Ax + B).

Now, A = 1 and B = 1 replace

this in the splits rational functions, we
have
1
(1)
1
=
+
x(1 + x)
x 1+x
1
1
=

,
x 1+x

D.

12. We note similar question from Q6

2

1
, since we have two
In our case, x(1+x)
linear functions in the denominator x
and 1 + x, we shall introduce two constants A and B such that

A
B
1
=
+
x(1 + x)
x 1+x
A(1 + x) + Bx
=
x(1 + x)

5x = 25x+4
Since 5 = 51 , 25 = 52 implies
 x+4
x2
5 = 52
2

5x = 52(x+4)
Equate the powers of 5 to have,
x2 = 2x + 8
x2 2x 8 = 0

Multiply through by x(1 + x) gives

1 = A(1 + x) + Bx

(2.9)

Now we find A and B. To find A, we

eliminate B by letting its coefficient
x = 0 in equation (2.9). So,

We now solve this quadratic equation.

Since 8x2 = (4x)(2x) and
2x = 4x + 2x, then
x2 4x + 2x 8 = 0
x(x 4) + 2(x 4) = 0
(x 4)(x + 2) = 0
(x 4) = 0 or (x + 2) = 0
which implies x = 4 or x = 2

1 = A(1 + 0) + B(0)
1 = A(1) + 0
A=1
To find B, we eliminate A by letting
its coefficient 1 + x = 0 which implies
that we put x = 1 in equation (2.9).
So
1 = A(1 + (1)) + B(1)
1 = A(1 1) B
1 = A(0) B
1=0B
1 = B
B = 1

Hence,
x = 4, 2,

C.

13. We note
8
X

2n2 = 2(3)2 + 2(4)2 + 2(5)2 + 2(6)2

n=3

+2(7)2 + 2(8)2
= 2(9) + 2(16) + 2(25) + 2(36)
+2(49) + 2(64)

22

Solution, 2013

This means you add up 2n2 with a

starting value of 3 and an end value
of 8 with an increment of 1.

To find y we substitute x =
of the equations, say (i)

2n + 1

n=2

We start adding up 2n + 1 from n = 2

and end at n = 4 with an increment of
1
4
X

into one

3x 2y = 5
 11 
3
2y = 5
19
33
2y = 5
19
33
5 = 2y
19
62
2y =
19
31
y=
19

In our case;
4
X

11
19

2n + 1 = (22 + 1) + (23 + 1) + (24 + 1)

Hence,

n=2

= (4 + 1) + (8 + 1) + (16 + 1)
= 5 + 9 + 17
= 31,
B.
15.
14. The point of intersection of the two
lines is the point where the two lines
meet and it is obtained by solving the
two lines (now equations) simultaneously
3x 2y = 5
(i)
2x + 5y = 7

Eqn(i) 5;

+Eqn(ii) 2;

15x 10y = 25

11
31
, y= ,
19
19

A.

4x2 + 20x 24 = 0
Divide through by 4
x2 + 5x 6 = 0
Since 6x2 = (6x)(x) and 5x =
(6x) + (x), then
x2 + 6x x 6 = 0
x(x + 6) (x + 6) = 0
(x + 6)(x 1) = 0
x + 6 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x = 6 or x = 1

(ii)

(iii)

+4x + 10y = 14 (iv)

19x = 11
11
x=
19

x=

Hence,
x = 6, 1,

D.

16. A sequence is an Arithmetic sequence

when T2 T1 = T3 T2 = = d, that
is, when the sequence have a common
difference. The general nth term of an
Arithmetic sequence or progression is
Tn = a + (n 1)d,

23

Solution, 2013

while the nth sum is


n
2a + (n 1)d .
Sn =
2
In this case,

18. We note the use of laws of logarithm

and indices in solution to Q5, (vi) and
(vii.)
i. loga bx = x loga b

3, 2, 7,

v. loga x loga y = loga

T1 = first term = 3
T2 = 2, , T3 = 7
T2 T1 = 2 (3) = 2 + 3 = 5
T3 T2 = 7 2 = 5
The sequence is an A.P. with common
difference d = 5, a = 3 and n = 15
T15 =
=
=
=
=

a + (15 1)d
a + 14d
3 + 14(5)
3 + 70
67

 

1
n

vi. Indices: a = a 2 ; ( a)n = a 2 .

1
3

Also 27 = 33 = (33 ) 2 = 3 2 .

1
3

vii. 8 = 23 = (23 ) 2 = 2 2
3
3

log 27 log 8
log 3 2 log 2 2
=
,
log 3 log 2
log 3 log 2
!
3
32
3
22


log 32

3
log 32 2


log 32

log

Hence
T15 , the 15th term = 67,

x
y

D.

17. The general formula for the distance

between two points P (x1 , y1 ) and
Q(x2 , y2 ) is
p
|P Q| = (x2 x1 )2 + (y2 y1 )2
In this case
(x1 , y1 ) = (1, 5) = x1 = 1, y1 = 5

  a
xa
x
Since
=
a
y
y
On using (i.), we obtain


log 32


=
log 32
3
=
,
C.
2
3
2

19. The general formula to integrate any

monomials axn is:
Z
(x2 , y2 ) = (7, 3) = x2 = 7, y2 = 3
axn+1
axn dx =
+ C,
n
+
1
q

2
7 (1) + (3 5)2
The distance is =
whereR C is the constant of integrap
2
2
(7 + 1) + (8)
=
tion. dx is the symbol of integration.
p
There are also some special integrals
=
(6)2 + (8)2

such as
=
36 + 64

Z
1
=
100
dx = ln x + K,
x
= 10 units,
B.
and

24

Solution, 2013

where K is the constant of integration.

Or more generally
Z
1
ln u
dx = du + K,
u(x)
dx
where u(x) is a linear function of x.
In this case;
Z 
Z
Z
1
1
3
3
4x +
dx =
4x dx +
dx
x
x
4x3+1
+ ln x + K
=
3+1
4x4
=
+ ln x + K
4
= x4 + ln x + K
Z 

1
4x3 +
dx = ln x + x4 + K, A.
x
20. In set theory, the symbol called intersection represent the set of common elements in two sets. In this case;
X = {2, 3, 6, 7, 8}, Y = {6, 7, 10, 3, 17}
then X Y represent the set of common elements in both sets X and Y .

where u(x) means u is a function of x.

In our case;
u(x) = 2x 5
du(x)
d
d(2x) d(5)
=
(2x 5) =

=2
dx
dx
dx
dx
Now,
d
d
sin(2x 5) = cos(2x 5) (2x 5)
dx
dx
= 2 cos(2x 5), C
Note that the derivative of a constant
(example 5) is zero. Also derivative
and differentiation means the same
thing.
22. We know that from expansion;
( + )2 =
=
=
=
=

( + )( + )
( + ) + ( + )
2 + + + 2
2 + 2 + 2
2 + 2 + 2

= {2, 3, 6, 7, 8} {6, 7, 10, 3, 17} This implies that

= {3, 6, 7}
2 + 2 = ( + )2 2.
X Y = {3, 6, 7} or {6, 3, 7}, D
With the knowledge that 2 + 2 =
Note that the answer cannot be
( + )2 2, we proceed as follows.
3, 6, 7 because this is not a set but a
We need the values of ( + ) and ,
sequence. You only have a set when
recall that if and are the roots of a
it is enclosed in braces, {}.
quadratic equation, then
X Y

21. The general formula to differentiate

any monomial axn with respect to x is
d(axn )
= anxn1 .
dx

x2 ( + )x + = 0

(2.10)

In this case,
x2 5x + 7 = 0

(2.11)

There are some special trigonometric

derivative such as

On comparing (2.10) and (2.11) , we

have that

d
du(x)
sin u(x) = cos u(x)
,
dx
dx

+ = 5, and = 7

25

Solution, 2013

Now,
2 + 2 =
=
=
=

( + )2 2
52 2(7)
25 14
11

Hence,
2 + 2 = 11,

D.

Question, 2012
1. Obtain the product of 11002 and 1012
A. 1111002
B. 1101002
C. 22205
D. 11447
!  1 2 
8 n
4 m
2. Simplify
3
2n2
m2
A. 128n3 m1 B. 8n3 m1 C. 8n4 m
D. 8n3 m
3. Evaluate log8 128 + log3 9
D. 6
A. 19 B. 48 C. 13
3
4. Find the value of y if 12 log3 y = 2
A. 9 B. 18 C. 92
D. 81

A = {Y : Y 3}
B = {Y : 5 < Y < 12}
C = {Y : 2 Y < 5}
Use the information above to answer
question 5.
C.

8. The quadratic equation whose roots

are (x 3) and (x + 31 ) is
A. x2 + 83 x 1 = 0 B. x2 2x 3 = 0
C. x2 83 x 1 = 0 D. x2 9 = 0
9. What is the highest possible value of
8
if 0 x 3?
1 + x2
A. 8 B. 4 C. 2 D. 16
10. The fifth term in the progression
9, 27, 81, is
A. 243 B. 37 C. 729 D. 38

The universal set U consists of all

integers. Subsets of U are defined as:

5. A (B C)0 is
A. {y < 4}
B.
D. {4 y 3}

7. Which of the following is a perfect

square?
A. x2 + 83 x 1 = 0 B. x2 + 9x + 9 = 0
C. x2 83 1 = 0 D. x2 9 = 0

{y < 0}

11. The interior angles of an hexagon are

120, 100, 80, 150, x and 130. The value
of x is
A. 170 B. 20 C. 120 D. 140
12. If the bearing of a town B from A is
145 , the bearing of A from B is
A. 305 B. 325 C. 35 D. 145
The scores of the students in class test
are shown in the table below:
Use the information to answer question 13
Score
No of student

6. Make k the subject of the formula

k
2nk
+
m=
p
2p
2mp
2mp
A. k =
B. k =
2n + 1
4n + 1
mp
2n + 1
C. k =
D. k =
2n + 1
2mp

1
0

2
1

3
3

13. The modal score is

A. 5 B. 4 C. 6

26

4
5

5
3

D. 8

6
4

7
2

8
0

27

Question, 2012

14. A number is selected randomly from

the set of integers 1 to 30 inclusive.
The probability that the number is
prime is
3
7
4
B. 13
C. 15
D. 30
A. 15
15. Differentiate cos ax with respect to x.
A. a sin ax B. a1 sin ax
C. a sin ax D. a1 sin ax
16. Obtain the value of x in |x 9| = 16
A. 25
B. 7
C.
25, 7
D. 25, 7

17. Integrate 2x + 1
3

A. 31 (2x + 1) 2 + k

B. 23 (2x + 1) 2 + k

C. 13 (2x+1) 2 +k
k

D. 23 (2x+1) 2 +

18. Obtain the center of the circle 3y 2 +

3(x + 5)2 = 17
A. (0, 5)
B. (5, 0)
C. (0, 5)
D. (5, 0)
x2 + 1
. Find f (2)
x3
1
B. 2 C. 4
D. 1

19. If f (x + 1) =
A.

5
8

20. Which of these numbers is an irrational number?

A. sin 0
B. sin 30
C. sin 60

D. sin 90
Z a
21. Given
15x2 dx = 3430, find the
a

value of the constant a.

A. 8 B. 6 C. 7 D. 9
22. Which of these lines is at right angle
with the line x = 7?
A. 2x + y = 1 B. 2x y = 1
C. y = 0 D. x = 49

28

Solution, 2012

Solution, 2012

x.

an
am
n

= anm

xi. a am = an+m
1. In Number theory, binary system
(i.e base two) has digits 0, 1; Decimal system (i.e base ten) has digits
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; Base three systems has digits 0, 1, 2; Base four system has digits 0, 1, 2, 3 etc.

Now,
!2  1 2 
8 n
4 m
=
3
2n2
m2
=

In this case,
11002 1012
This multiplication is done normally
but with restriction on the digits (i.e
0, 1 only), any number outside of 1 is
reduced by subtracting 2 or multiples
of 2 from it, writing down the remainder.
11002
1012
1100
0000
+1100
1111002
A.
This is similar to normal base 10 multiplication where maximum digit is 9,
but in base 2 the maximum is 1.
2. Note from the laws of indices
i. a1 =
ii. an =

1
a
1
an

ii. a n =
iv.

m
an

1

m

na

vi. an

m

= anm

vii. an

1

= am

=
=
=
=
=

41 m2

3
2
2n
2
m2 )

1 2
m
82 ( n)2
4 1

3
2
2 n2
m2 

64n
2
m2
2

m3
4
n

 2
n2
64n
m

m3
4
2
2 2
64n m n

n3
8
3
8n
m
1
8n3
m
8n3 m1 .
B.

3. Using the laws of logarithms in solution Q5 and Q8 of 2013, we have,

log8 128 + log3 9 = X + Y.
We would not apply the law:
loga x + loga y = loga xy directly because the logarithm we are considering here do not have the same base
(base 8 and base 3).
So we let

= ( n a)m

v. a n =

2
8 n

viii. (ab)m = am bm

m am
ix. ab
= bm

log8 128 = X,
which implies 128 = 8x .
Since 128 = 27 and 8 = 23 , we have
27 = (23 )x ,
which implies 27 = 23x
By equating the powers of 2, we obtain,
7 = 3x
7
x= .
3

29

Solution, 2012

is the union of sets B and C that is,

the collection of all the members of B
and C.

Also let log3 9 = y,

which implies 9 = 3y .
Since 9 = 32 and 3 = 31 we have
32 = (31 )y ,
32 = 3y
y=2

(B C)0 = { , 5, 12, 13, },

(B C)0 means the members of the
universal set U that are not contained
in B C.

Therefore,

A (B C)0 = { , 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
{ , 5, 12, 13, }
= { , 5}
= {y : y < 4}

7
log8 128 + log3 9 =
+2
3
13
=
,
C.
2

is the intersection of sets, that is, the

common members of the two seets.
Hence,

4. Using the laws in solution Q3,

1
log3 y = 2
2
which implies log3 y 1/2 = 2
1/2

y =3

y=9
On squaring both sides

( y)2 = 92
then, we have y = 81,
D.
5.
U =
=
A =
=
B =
=
C =
=

{set of integers}
{ , 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, }
{y : y 3}
{ , 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
{y : 5 < y < 12}
{4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, , 11}
{y : 2 y < 5}
{2, 1, 0, 1, , 4}.

Now, to obtain A (B C)0 , we solve

accordingly
B C = {4, 3, , 11},

A (B C)0 = {y : y < 4}
6.

A.

k
2nk
+
p
2p
We do every thing possible with the
equation to make k stand alone;
m=

2nk
k
+
p
2p
4nk + k
.
m=
2p
Cross multiplying gives
m(2p) = 4nk + k.
2mp = k(4n + 1)
On dividing through by 4n + 1, we obtain
2mp
,
B.
k=
4n + 1
m=

7. Consider the general quadratic equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Divide through by a gives
c
b
x2 + x + = 0. a 6= 0
a
a

30

Solution, 2012

Let P =

b
a

and Q = ac , then

None is a perfect square since

x2 + P x + Q = 0
This equation is a perfect square
whenever
 2
P
= Q,
2
that is, whenever the square of half of
the coefficient of x (P in this case) is
equal to the constant (Q in this case).
In our case,
8
For, x2 + x 1 = 0
3
8
P = , Q = 1
3
 2 
2  2  2
8
8
4
P
=
=
2 =
2
3
6
3
16
=
6= 1 6= Q
9

For, x2 9 = 0
P = 0, Q = 9
 2
P
= 02 = 0 6= 9 6= Q
2
For, x2 + 9x + 9 = 0
P = 9, Q = 9
 2  2
P
9
81
=
=
6= 9 6= Q
2
2
4
8
For, x2 x 1 = 0
3
8
P = , Q = 1
3
 2  2
P
4
16
=
=
6= 1 6= Q
2
3
9

 2
P
6= Q, in all
2
8. Suppose x = and x = are the roots
of a quadratic equation then we obtain the quadratic equation as follow:
x = 0 and x = 0
then
(x )(x ) = 0
which implies x2 ( + )x + = 0
which is the quadratic equation.
In our case;


1
(x 3) = 0 and x +
=0
3
has been given .
gives
(x 3) x +

So multiply both
1

=00=0
3

1
x2 + x 3x 1 = 0
3
8
which implies that x2 x 1 = 0,
3
which is the required equation.
P (x)
9. Note: A rational function Q(x)
will
be maximum or highest whenever
the denominator Q(x) is minimum or
P (x)
lowest, that is, Q(x)
= maximum
when Q(x) is minimum.
8
In our case, 1+x
2 will be highest when
2
1 + x is lowest. But since 0 x
3, so we choose the smallest or lowest
value of x (which is x = 0) in order to

C.

31

Solution, 2012

make 1 + x2 lowest. So 1 + x2 is lowest

when x = 0.
8
8
8
=
= =8
2
2
1+x
1+0
1
Hence, the highest value of
8
= 8,
1 + x2

A.

10. A sequence or progression is a Geometric progression when

Polygon
Triangle
Quadrilateral
Pentagon
Hexagon
Heptagon
Octagon
Nonagon
Decagon

sides. The sum of the interior angles

in an Hexagon is

T3
T2
=
= = r
T1
T2
where T1
=
first term, r
=
common ratio, T2 = second term.
The general nth term for a geometric
progression is
Tn = arn1

In our case,
9, 27, 81,
81
27
=
= 3, n = 5
9
27

Now,
the
interiors

120 , 100 , 80 , 150 , x , 130 .

implies that

are
This

Hence,

Using Tn = arn1 ,
T5 = 9(3)51 = 9(3)4 = 9(81) = 729
Hence, the fifth term T5 is 729,

S6 = (6 2) 180
= 4 180
= 720

120 + 100 + 80 + 150 + x + 130 = 720

450 + x + 130 = 720
x + 580 = 720
x = 720 580
x = 140 .

See more on this in Q19 of 2014.

a = 9, r =

Number of sides, n
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

C.

11. Polygon: These are plane shapes with

a specific number of sides usually
three or more. The sum of the interior
angles in any polygon is
Sn = (n 2) 180
where n is the number of sides of the
polygon. Note that; Hexagon, n = 6

x = 140 ,

D.

12. Note: The bearing of a point P from

another point Q is the sum of all the
angles from the north of Q in clockwise direction, to the line connecting
Q to P .
In our case,
From the fact that alternating angles
are equal = 55 . Now th bearing of
A from B is the sum of all the angles

32

Solution, 2012

which on counting is 10 and the numbers from 1 to 30, inclusive is 30 so that

Probability that the number is prime
10
1
=
= ,
B.
30
3
15. Note the following. This is the general


dy
Functions (y) Derivative dx
from the north of B, in clockwise disin u(x)
cos u(x) du
dx
rection, to the line connecting B to A.
cos u(x)
sin u(x) du
dx
sec2 u(x) du
dx
So the bearing is = 90 + 90 + 90 + tan u(x)
sec u(x)
sec u(x) tan u(x) du
dx
= 270 +
u(x)
u(x) du
e
e

dx
= 270 + 55
= 325
way of differentiating trigonometric
functions and exponential functions.
Hence, the bearing of A from B is
Now in our case;
325 ,
B.
13. The modal score is the score with
highest frequency, that is, the score
obtained by most of the students.
From the table the scores are from
1 to 8 and score 4 has the highest
frequency of 5 students obtaining it.
Hence, modal score is 4,
B.
14.
Probability of an event occurring
The number of that event
=
Total numbers considered
In our case, the event we are considering are prime numbers and the numbers of prime numbers from 1 to 30
inclusive is the number of that event
which is 10 and the total numbers considered are the numbers from 1 to 30
inclusive which is 30. We note that 1
is not a prime number.
The prime numbers from 1 to 30 inclusive are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29

Let y = cos ax
d(ax)
du(x)
=
=a
u(x) = ax,
dx
dx
dy
d
d(ax)
=
cos(ax) = sin(ax)
dx
dx
dx
= sin(ax) a
= a sin ax
Hence, the derivative of cos ax with
respect to x is a sin ax,
C.
16. Note: |p| means the absolute value of
p which implies you will neglect any
negative sign attached to p. Example
| 4| = 4, | 5| = 5. Also,|| is a symbol
which is defined for x as
(
x, if x 0
|x| =
x, if x < 0
In our case

|x 9| =

x 9,
(x 9),

33

Solution, 2012

So we are going to have two answers

for |x 9| = 16 which are
x 9 = 16 or (x 9) = 16
x = 16 + 9 = 25 or x + 9 = 16
x = 25 or x = 7,
C.
17. Please check solution Q19 of 2013 on
how to integrate
monomials. Now to

integrate 2x + 1, we proceed as follows. We use substitution method,

where we let u = 2x + 1. Please note
that you represent the inner function
with u as done in this case. Then,
du
=2
dx

(differentiation)
du = 2dx
du
dx =
2

Now we substitute 2x + 1 = u and

dx = du
in the integral (you can only
2
work with one variable x or u and
never both), so that we have
Z
Z
Z

du
1
2x + 1dx =
u
=
udu
2
2
Constants with no variable (here u)
can
the integral. From indices
leave
1/2
u=u
Z
1
1 u1/2+1
u1/2 du =

+k
2
2 12 + 1
3

=
=
=
=

1 u2
+k
2 32


3
1 3

u2 + k
2 2


3
1 2
u2 + k

2 3
1 3
u2 + k
3

Now, we return back our variable x by

reversing u = 2x + 1. Hence,
Z

1
B.
2x + 1dx = (2x+1)3/2 +k,
3
18. Please see solution to Q2,Q3,Q4 of
2013 before proceeding. You recall
that the general expression for the
equation of a circle is
x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2f y + c = 0

(3.1)

where the
pcenter is (g, f ) and radius r = g 2 + f 2 c. In our case,
3y 2 + 3(x + 5)2 = 17
We open the brackets and follow the
steps below to ensure the equation
looks like or is similar to equation
(3.1), the general equation.
3y 2 + 3(x + 5)(x + 5) = 17
3y 2 + 3(x2 + 5x + 5x + 25) = 17
3y 2 + 3(x2 + 10x + 25) = 17
Divide through by 3 gives
17
y 2 + x2 + 10x + 25 =
3
which implies y 2 + x2 + 10x + 25

17
=0
3

58
=0
(3.2)
3
On comparing (3.1) and (3.2) we have
x2 + y 2 + 10x +

2gx = 10x and 2f y = 0

g = 5 and f = 0
Hence, the center =
(5, 0),
B

(g, f )

19. Please check solution Q7 of 2013 before proceeding.

34

Solution, 2012

Here,

The definite integrals have boundaries ( which will exclude the constant
x2 + 1
of integration) while the indefinite
f (x + 1) =
,
x3
integrals have no boundary (which
will include the constant of integrato find f (2) you will not substitute
tion). Example of definite integral,
x = 2 directly into the function but
Z 2
you will proceed as follows;
x2 dx. Example of indefinite inte1
Z
x2 + 1
x2 + 1gral, 2x + 1dx.
Since f (x + 1) =
and not f (x) =
x3
x3
To find f (2) we set x + 1 = 2
In this case,
Z a
which implies x = 2 1 = 1
15x2 dx = 3430
x2 +1
a
Now we set x = 1 into x3 . This is
because
To solve this definite integral, we will
f (2) = f (1 + 1) =
Hence, f (2) = 2,

(1)2 + 1
=2
13

B.

20. Irrational numbers are the numbers

that cannot be expressed
or

in fraction
whole numbers, e.g e, 2, , 3, their
multiples and submultiples. Now,
consider the table; From the table we

sin
cos
tan

0
0
1
0

30
1
2
3
2
3
3

45

60

2
2
2
2

3
2
1
2

90
1
0

see that the only irrational

numbers

for
sine are sin 45 = 2 and sin 60 =

3
which are submultiples of 2
2

and 3 respectively.
2 and 3 are
known to be irrational by the examples givenabove. So the answer is
sin 60 = 23 ,
C.
21. Please see solution Q19 of 2013 before proceeding. There are two types
of integral Definite and Indefinite.

proceed as follows: Integrate the left

hand side of the equation

a
15x2+1
= 3430
2 + 1 a
a

15x3
= 3430
3 a
h ia
5x3
= 3430
a

Now we substitute the lower and upper bounds, but the upper bound (a)
comes first, before the lower bound
(a) and separated by a negative sign
as follows:
5a3 5(a)3 = 3430
5a3 5(a3 ) = 3430
5a3 + 5a3 = 3430
10a3 = 3430
3430
a3 =
= 343
10
a3 = 343

3
a = 343
a=7
Hence, a = 7

C.

35

Solution, 2012

22. Consider the following lines,

The graph of y = 7 is,

The graph of x = 7 is,

The graph of x = 49 is,

We say two lines are at right angle

if they are perpendicular with each
other.
Consider the graph of both x = 7
and y = 0

The graph of y = 0 is directly along

the xaxis and that of x = 7 is perpendicular to it. Hence, y = 0 is at
right angle with the line x = 7.
C.

b + 2k, c k, d 2k, e.
A. x B. x + k C. x k

Question, 2011
1. If the universal set U
=
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10),
M
=
(1, 3, 5, 7, 9) and N
=
(2, 4, 6, 8, 10).
Which one of the
following is equal to (M N )?
A. (M N )0 B. M 0 N 0
C. M 0 N 0 D. M N

D. 2x

8. Factorize a2 b2 + (a + b)2 .
A. 2a2 B. 2a(a b)
C. 2a(a + b) D. 2b(b a)
9. Let and be roots of quadratic
equation x2 + 2x 3 = 0, then is
A. 3 B. 2 C. 2 D. 6

2. cos(180 ) is equivalent to
A. cos( 180 ) B. cos
C. cos D. cos( + 180 )

10. Convert 6910 to a number in base two.

A. 10011012 B. 10100012
C. 10001012 D. 1001012

3. Find the equation of the circle with

center (1, 3) and radius 4.
A. x2 + y 2 6x + 2y = 6
B. x2 + y 2 + 2x 6y = 16
C. x2 + y 2 6x + 2y = 16
D. x2 + y 2 + 2x 6y = 6

11. The reciprocal to

3
dy
, if y = .
dx
x
3
3 3
2
A. x
B. 3x 2
2
3 3
3 3
D. x 2
C. x 2
2
4

4. Find

3
4
1
4

is
A.

12
7

B.

7
9

1
3

C. 12
7

D.

7
9

12. The speed of 30 kilometers per

minute, expressed in centimeters per
second is
A. 5 B. 50 C. 500 D. 5000
13. Evaluate x if, log4 (x + 3)(x 3) = 2
A. 3 or 3 B. 5 or 5
C. 5 or 3 D. 3 or 5

1
5. Integrate .
2x
A. not defined B. 0
C. 12 ln x + C
D. 14 x2 + C
6. A die is tossed twice. What is the
probability of obtaining a total of 6 if
both numbers are odd?
1
1
5
A. 12
B. 18
C. 36
D. 16
7. If the mean of the numbers a, b, c, d, e
is x. Find the mean of numbers a + k,

36

14. Given that a = 213 , b =

the value of a2 + b2
A. 14
B. 7 C. 14 + 32
37

1
.
2+ 3

Find

D. 14

15. If the binary operation is defined as

x y = z, find 2 (4 5)
A. 4 B. 5 C. 5 D. 2

37

Question, 2011

16. Find the value of

v
s
u
r
u
q

t
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 +
A. 2

B. 2

C. 6

D. 3

17. Find the value of

Z
2
(2 + 2 cos 2x)dx.
0

A. 2 + 1
C. 2 4

B. 2
D. 2 + 3

18. The circle 2x2 +2(y 23 )2 = 2 has center

and radius respectively as
A. (0, 32 ) and 2 B. (0, 23 ) and 1
C. ( 23 , 0) and 2 D. (0, 23 ) and 1
19. The line perpendicular to the straight
line y + 23 x 1 = 0 has the gradient
A. 23
B. 32
C. 3 D. 23
2

20. Find x if 2x = 4(x+4) .

A. 2 or 4 B. 2 or 2
C. 4 or 4 D. 4 or 2
21. Express in partial fraction
3x
A
B
=
+
,
1
x1 x+1

x2

then A and B respectively are

A. 3, 3 B. 32 , 23
C. 23 , 32
D. 23 , 32
22. A square has a perimeter of 40cm.
What is its area in cm square?
A. 80 B. 1600 C. 100 D. 160

38

Solution, 2011

Solution, 2011
1. Please see solution Q20 of 2013 and
solution Q5 of 2012 before proceeding. Note the following
i. c = U
ii. U c =
iii. (A B)c = Ac B c
iv. (A B)c = Ac B c
(iii) and (iv.) are called De Morgans
law in set theory.
Now,

M N = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
= U, the universal set
M N = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
= {} or
0

(M N )0 = = U
From the De Morgans law above
M 0 N 0 = (M N )0 = U
Hence, (M N ) = U = (M N )0 =
M 0 N 0 . We have two answers A and
B.
four

quadrants

in

We see that (180 ) corresponds to

the second quadrant where the cosine
of angles is negative, this implies that
cos(180 ) = cos ,

C.

(x a)2 + (y b)2 = r2 .
In this case, center = (1, 3) and
radius, r = 4. This implies that
a = 1, b = 3, r = 4. Substituting
these values into the general equation
above gives ;

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
M = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
N = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

2. Consider the
trigonometry;

3. Please see solution to Q2 of 2013 before proceeding. The general equation

of a circle with center (a, b) and radius
r is

2
x (1) + (y 3)2 = 42
(x + 1)2 + (y 3)3 = 16
(x + 1)(x + 1) + (y 3)(y 3) = 16
x2 + 2x + 1 + y 2 6y + 9 = 16
x2 + y 2 + 2x 6y + 10 16 = 0
x2 + y 2 + 2x 6y 6 = 0
x2 + y 2 + 2x 6y = 6,
D.
4. Please see solution Q21 of 2013 and
solution Q2 of 2012 before proceeding. To differentiate y = 3x . Note that
from indices,

3
= 3( x)1
x
1
1
= 3 x2
1

= 3x 2
This implies that y =

3
x

= 3x 2 .

39

Solution, 2011

From differentiation,
1
2
3
4
5
6

1

dy
d
=
3x 2
dx
dx
1
1
= 3 ( ) x 2 1
2
3 3
= x 2
2

Hence,
3 3
dy
= x 2 ,
dx
2

In this case,
Z
Z
1
1
1
dx =
dx
2x
2
x
1
(ln x + B)
=
2
1
B
=
ln x +
2
2

Hence,
Z

3
1,3
2,3
3,3
4,3
5,3
6,3

4
1,4
2,4
3,4
4,4
5,4
6,4

5
1,5
2,5
3,5
4,5
5,5
6,5

6
1,6
2,6
3,6
4,6
5,6
6,6

A.

where u(x) is a linear function of x

and c is the constant of integration.

2
1,2
2,2
3,2
4,2
5,2
6,2

and 5, 1. But outcomes 1, 5; 3, 3; and

5, 1 have both numbers to be odd. So,
Probability(total 6, numbers odd)
Number of events
=
total possible outcomes
1
3
= ,
A.
=
36
12

5. Please see solution Q19 of 2013 before

proceeding. Recall:
Z
1
ln u(x)
dx = du + c
u(x)
dx

1
ln x 2

1
1,1
2,1
3,1
4,1
5,1
6,1

+ C,

1
dx = ln x1/2 + C,
2x

C.

6. A die has 6 sides with number

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 written on each side.
So when the die is tossed twice, the
outcomes are as shown in the table below:
From the table, we obtain a total of
6 from the outcomes 1, 5; 2, 4; 3, 3;4, 2

7.
Sum of the numbers
number count
a+b+c+d+e
x=
5
5x = a + b + c + d + e

Mean =

The mean of numbers a + k, b + 2k,

c k, d 2k, e becomes
(a + k) + (b + 2k) + (c k) + (d 2k) +
5
a + b + c + d + e + k + 2k k 2k
Mean =
5
Mean =

But since a + b + c + d + e = 5x, this

implies
5x + 3k 3k
5
5x
=
5
= x

Mean =

Hence, mean = x,

A.

40

Solution, 2011

8.
a2 b2 + (a + b)2
= a2 b2 + (a + b)(a + b)
= a2 b2 + a(a + b) + b(a + b)
= a2 b2 + a2 + ab + ba + b2
= a2 + a2 b2 + b2 + 2ab
= 2a2 + 2ab
= 2a(a + b),
C.
9. Please see solution Q9 and Q22 of
2013 before proceeding.
Recall: If and are the roots of the
general quadratic equation ax2 +bx+c
then
2

x ( + )x + = 0

the remainder arranged upwards resulting to

6910 = 10001012 ,

11. The reciprocal of a number or function

is also the same as the inverse of that
number or fraction. Example, the reciprocal of a is a1 and the reciprocal of
a
is ab .
b
In our case;

3
4
1
4

3
4

(4.1)

1
4

1
3

(4.2)

=
=
=
Since

We divide 69 totally by 2 and also retain the remainder. What we need are
69
34
17
8
4
2
1
0

3
4
1
4

The reciprocal of
rm
rm
rm
rm
rm
rm
rm

1
0
1
0
0
0
1


1 1

+
4 3


3+4

12
7

12
12

7
3
3
7
9
7

On comparing (4.1) and (4.2) we have

that ( + ) = 2x and = 3.
Hence, = 3,
A.

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

1
3

3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4

In this case,

10. To convert numbers in base 10 to

numbers in base two, we proceed as
follows:

We first simplify the expression above

as a single fraction

is the required equation.

x2 + 2x 3 = 0

C.

1
3

3
4
1 1
+
4 3

9
7
is 79 ,

D.

12. Note:
100 cm = 1 m and 60 seconds = 1 minutes
1000m = 1km and 60 minutes = 1 hour
30km
30 Kilometers per minutes =
1 minutes

41

Solution, 2011

Since 1 km = 1000m, then 30km = 30, 000m a = 2 + 3.

and since 1m = 100cm, then 30, 000m = 3, 000,

For000cm.
b, the conjugate of 2+ 3 is 2 3,
Also 1 mins=60 seconds, so that

so that

(2 3)
1

2 + 3 (2 3)

2 3

(2 + 3)(2 3)

2 3

4 9

2 3
4 3
2 3

b =

30km
1 minute
3, 000, 000cm
=
60 secs
= 50, 000cm/secs

30km/min =

=
=

13. Please see solution Q5 of 2013, law(iii)

before proceeding.

Recall:loga b = c implies b = ac . In our

case;

log4 (x + 3)(x 3) = 2
(x + 3)(x 3) = 42
x2 + 3x 3x 9 = 16
x2 9 = 16
x2 = 25

x = 25 = 5
Hence, x = 5 or 5,
14.

B.

b=2
Now;

a2 + b 2 =
=
=
=
=
=

(2 + 3)2 + (2 3)2

(2 + 3)(2 + 3) + (2 3)(2 3)

4+4 3+ 9+44 3+ 9

4+4+4 34 3+ 9+ 9
8+3+3
14

Hence,
1
1
, b=

2 3
2+ 3
We first rationalize a and b.

For a, the conjugate of 2 3 is 2+ 3,

so that

(2 + 3)
1

a =
2 3 (2 + 3)

2+ 3

=
(2 3)(2 + 3)

2+ 3

=
4 9

2+ 3
=
4 3
= 2+ 3
a=

a2 + b2 = 14,

D.

15. Binary operations are like rules that

must be followed in the same way
they are defined.
x y = 2.
This rule means that whenever you
operate any two numbers, the result
or outcome will always be 2.
Now, to find 2(45), we take it one by
one as follows: We get that according
to the rule, 4 5 = 2, so that 2 (4 5) =
2 2, (since 4 5 = 2). Now 2 2 = 2,
(according to the rule).
Hence, 2 (4 5) = 2,

D.

42

Solution, 2011

16. To solve this we proceed as follows:

Function y

Integration of y
cos u(x)
du
+C

sin u(x)

Let
v
s
u
r
u
q

t
x= 6+ 6+ 6+ 6+ 6+

dx

sin u(x)

cos u(x)

+C

du
dx

tan u(x)

sec2 u(x)

+C

du
dx
u(x)

On taking the square of both sides, we

e
eu(x)
+C
have
du
dx
v
2
s
u
where u(x) is a linear function of x.
r
u
q

x2 =
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 +
17. Please see solution to Q7 of 2013 and
solution to Q21 of 2012 before proceeding. Note the table above, where
. This implies that
C is the constant of integration.
s
r
q
In this case;

2
x = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 +
Z
2
(2 + 2 cos 2x)dx
Since the roots of 6 continues
r

till infinity, it means that

q
p

6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + is the
same as x in the first equation and
thus we write
2

x =6+x
2
x x6=0
2
x 3x + 2x 6 = 0
x(x 3) + 2(x 3) = 0
(x + 2)(x 3) = 0
x = 2 or x = 3
The two answers x = 2 or x = 3 are
both correct on testing with the question. Hence,
v
s
u
r
u
q

t
x = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 +
= 3 or 2,
A or D.

Z
=

2dx +

Z
=

2 cos 2xdx

2x0 dx +

2 cos 2xdx

"

2x
2 sin 2x 2
+
d(2x)
0+1 0
dx
0

 

1 2
2x
2 sin 2x 2
=
+
1 0
2
0





2
2
= 2x + sin 2x
0
h i
h i0
= 2
2(0) + sin 2
sin 2(0)
2
2
= 2 0 + sin sin 0
= 2 0 + 0 0
= 2,
B.


0+1

18. Please see solution to Q2, Q3 and Q4

of 2013, and Q18 of 2012 before proceeding: Recall the general equation

43

Solution, 2011

of a circle is
x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2f y + c = 0
where
p center = (g, f ) and radius
= g 2 + f 2 c.
In our case;
2x2 + 2(y 23 )2 = 2
2x2 + 2(y 32 )(y 23 ) = 2
2x2 + 2[y 2 3y + 49 ] = 2
We divide through by 2 to have
x2 + y 2 3y + 49 = 1
x2 + y 2 3y + 49 1 = 0
x2 + y 2 3y + 45 = 0

y = mx + c

In our case; Line 1:

y + 32 x 1 = 0.

On comparing the last equation with

the general circle equation, there is no
term involving x in the last equation,
and we have that
2gx = 0, 2f y = 3y, and c =

5
4

g = 0,

2f = 3,

and c =

5
4

g = 0,

f = 32 ,

and c =

5
4

Now,
center = (g, f )


=
0, ( 32 )
= (0, 23 )
and

=
=
=
=

p
g2 + f 2 c
q
02 + ( 32 )2
r
9 5
0+
4 4
r
4
= 1
4
1

Hence, centre= (0,

D.

3
),
2

(4.3)

where m is the slope or gradient of the

line and c is the intercept of the line on
the yaxis.

We proceed to find g, f and C.

radius =

19. Two lines y = m1 x + c1 and y =

m2 x+c2 are said to be perpendicular if
the product of their gradients m1 and
m2 is 1, that is, m1 m2 = 1 and
m1 = m2 when the two lines are parallel. Also note that the general equation for a line is

5
4

radius = 1,

We rewrite this line equation in the

general form to obtain its gradient,
that is,
y = 23 x + 1
On comparing this equation with
(4.3), we see that the gradient m =
32 and yintercept c = 1 for line 1.
Let the slope or gradient of line 2 be
m2 , since line 2 is perpendicular to the
straight line 1, we have that
m m2 = 1,
1
m2 = = 1 m,
m
3
but m = , we have,
2
m2 = 1 32
m2 = 1 32 ,
m2 = 23 .
Hence, the gradient of the perpendicular line is 23 .
D.
20. Please see solution to Q6 and Q12 of

44

Solution, 2011

2013 before proceeding. In this case;

2

2x = 4(x+4) .
Since 2 = 21 and 4 = 22 , we have,
2

(21 )x = (22 )x+4

2

2x = 22(x+4) ,
2

2x = 22x+8 .
On equating the powers of 2, we get,
x2 = 2x + 8,
x2 2x 8 = 0.
On solving this quadratic equation,
x2 4x + 2x 8 = 0,
x(x 4) + 2(x 4) = 0,
(x 4)(x + 2) = 0,
x = 4, or x = 2.
Hence, x = 2 or x = 4,

A.

21. Please see solution to Q11 of 2013 before proceeding, the concept of partial
fraction has been explicitly explained
there.

that is, x = 1.
We then substitute x = 1 into (*) to findB,
3(1) = A(1 + 1) + B(1 1),
3 = A(0) + B(2),
3 = 0 2B,
2B = 3,
3
B= .
2
Similarly, we eliminate B by setting
x 1 = 0 which implies x = 1.
We then substitute x = 1 into (*) to find A,
3(1) = A(1 + 1) + B(1 1),
3 = A(2) + B(0),
3 = 2A,
3
A= .
2
Hence, A = 32 , B = 32 ,

D.

22. A square is a four sided plane shape

with equal length. That is, a square
has all its four sides equal.

In this case,

Area of a square = l2

3x
A
B
=
+
1
x1 x+1
A(x + 1) + B(x 1)
=
(x 1)(x + 1)

where l is the length of one of the sides

and

x2

Perimeter of a square = 4l.

Thus

Now,

3x
A(x + 1) + B(x 1)
=
.
x2 1
(x 1)(x + 1)
On multiplying through by x2 1, we
have
3x = A(x + 1) + B(x 1)

(*)

We eliminate A by setting x + 1 = 0,

Perimeter = 40cm,
4l = 40cm
40
= 10cm.
l=
4
The length of the square is 10cm. Area
of the square = l2 = (10cm)2 =
100cm2 . Hence, the area of the square
in cm is 100,
C.

Question, 2010
 x  y
2
3
32
1. If
= ,
2
3
27
find the value of 3y 2x.
A. 1 B. 7 C. 1 D. 7
2. The integral values of y which satisfy
the inequality 1 < 5 2y 7 are
A. 1, 0, 1, 2 B. 0, 1, 2, 3
C. 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 D. 1, 0, 2, 3
3. If x2 5x + 6 = (x a)2 + b, the value
of b is
B. 52
C. 2 D. 3
A. 41

8. A businessman invested a total of

N 200, 000 in two companies which
pay dividends of 5% and 7% respectively. If he received a total of
N 11, 600, how much did he invest at
7%?
A. N 140, 000 B. N 160, 000
C. N 80, 000 D. N 100, 000

+ b 2 is the square root of

9. If a 5
95 30 10, the values of a and b are
respectively
A. 5, 2 B. 2, 5
C. 5, 3 D. 3, 5

4. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line y = 2x + 1 passing

through a point (3, 1).
A. y = 12 x + 25
B. y = 12 x + 52
C. y = x + 5 D. 2y = x + 5

10. The
scores
of
16
students
in
a
mathematics
test
are
65, 65, 55, 60, 60, 65, 60, 70, 75, 70, 65, 70,
60, 65, 65, 70. What is the sum of the
median and modal scores?
A. 125 B. 130 C. 140 D. 150

5. What is the distance between point

(1, 2)and (4, 5)on a plane?
A. 3 2 B. 2 3 C. 3 D. 9

11. Find x if x2 2x 15 = 0
A. 3, 5 B. 3, 5
C. 1, 15 D. 2, 15

6. Integrate

12. A father leaves a legacy of N 45 million for his children, Peter, David and
Paul, to be shared in the ratio 7 : 5 : 3.
What amount in million naira would
each receive respectively?
A. N 14, N 7, N 3
B. N 15, N 5, N 3
C. N 21, N 15, N 9 D. N 20, N 16, N 10

Z
2 tan(2x + )dx.
A. 2 cot(2x
+ ) + ki
h
B. log cos(2x + ) + k
h
i
C. log cos(2x + ) + k
D. 4 cot(2x + ) + k

13. As tends to zero, what does cos

tends to ?
D. 1
A. sin B. 0 C. 21

7. Find the value of x for which

5 + 2x 3x2 = 0.
6
5

A. 2 and
C. 2 and 1

14. The expression 2 cos2 + 2 sin2 has

the numerical value of
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 0

B. 1 and 35
D. 56 and 35
45

46

Question, 2010

sin x
15. If tan x = cos
, find tan(90 + x), for
x
acute value of x.
A. cot x B. tan x
C. cot x D. tan x

16. Evaluate the length of perpendicular

from
A to BC.
A. 1252 cm B. 1252 cm
C. 2452 cm2 D. 2452 cm
17. The indefinite integral of xex , for any
real constant C is
A. c B. x + ex + c
C. x2 + ex + c D. ex (x 1) + c
18. Find the area under the curve y(x) =
sin x between x = 10 and x = .
A. 2 B. 1 C. 2 D.
19. Let the letters P, Q, R and S denote
parallelogram, quadrilateral, rectangle and square respectively. Using
subset notation, which of these inclusions is correct?
A. Q R P S
B. R Q P S
C. S P R Q
D. S R P Q
20. In a convex polygon with n sides, the
sum of interior angles is
A. (n 2) B. 2(n 1)
C. 4(n 1) D. (2n + 4)
21. If

z
x
= = c, find the value of
y
w
3x2 xz + z 2
3y 2 yw + w2

in terms of c
2
A. 3c2 B. 17c
4
22. Express
tions.

C. 2c c2

D. c2

5y 12
in partial frac(y 2)(y 3)

3
2

y2 y3
2
3
B.
+
y2 y3
3
2

C.
y3 y2
25
4
D.

y3 y2
A.

23. The second term of an infinite geometric series is 12 and the third term
is 14 . Find the sum of the series
A. 2 B. 1 C. 32
D. 23
24. In the figure below, AB and AD are
tangents to the circle. If BCD = 55
and BDC = 48 , find BAD

A. 55

B. 70

C. 77

25. Find the area of the triangle.

A. 24cm B. 24cm2
C. 12cm2 D. 12cm

D. 84

47

Solution, 2010

Solution, 2010

Now,

1. Please see solution to Q20 of 2011 before proceeding. Here,

 x  y
2
32
3
=
4
3
27
Since 4 = 22 , 32 = 25 and 27 = 33 , we
have
 x  y
3
2
25
=
22
3
33
3x 2y
25

=
22x 3y
33
x
y
3
2
25

=
3y 22x
33
1
3xy 2y2x = 3 25
3
xy
y2x
3
2
= 33 25

3y 2x = 3(1) 2(2)
= 3+4
= 7,
B.
2. Note: If you divide an inequalities
through by a negative, the inequality
sign will change and if you multiply
an inequality through by a negative,
the inequality sign will also change.
Now,
1 < 5 2y 7
We find y

Subtract 5 from each side of the inequality

1 5 < 5 2y 5 7 5
6 < 5 5 2y 2
6 < 2y 2
Divide the inequality through by 2 to have
2y
2
6
>

2
2
2

By equating the powers of 3 and 2, we

have
x y = 3
(i)
y 2x = 5

(ii)

This is a simultaneous equation and

now solved accordingly.

The inequality signs will change

when divided by a negative number,
so we have

From (i)
x = 3 + y

(iii)

So we substitute x = 3 + y in equation (ii) to have

3 > y 1

y 2(3 + y) = 5
y + 6 2y = 5
y 2y = 5 6
y = 1
y=1

On rearranging the inequality, we

have
1 y < 3
which is
1, 0, 1, 2,

A.

From (iii),
x = 3 + y
x = 3 + 1 = 2
x = 2, y = 1

3.
x2 5x + 6 = (x a)2 + b

48

Solution, 2010

We expand the right hand side

x2 5x + 6 = (x a)(x a) + b
= x2 2ax + a2 + b
= x2 (2a)x + (a2 + b)

comparing with y = mx + c, we observe that m1 = 2. Let m2 be the gradient of the perpendicular line then
m1 m2 = 1
2 m2 = 1
1
m2 =
2

On comparing the two sides, we observe that

5 = 2a
6 = a2 + b
From
5 = 2a
5
5
a=
=
2
2
From
a2 + b = 6
 2
5
+b=6
2
25
+b=6
4
25
b=6
4
1
b= ,
A.
4
4. Please see solution to Q19 of 2011 before proceeding.
The equation of a straight line when
given the gradient or slope m and a
point (x1 , y1 ) on the line is
y y1 = m(x x1 ).
In this case, two lines are perpendicular if the product of their gradients or
slopes is 1, that is, m1 m2 = 1. Let
m1 be the gradient of y = 2x + 1. On

Now, we have gradient m2 = 12 of

the perpendicular line and the point
(3, 1) on the line, then the equation of
the perpendicular line is:
(x1 , y1 ) = (3, 1)
x1 = 3, y1 = 1
1
m2 =
2
y y1 = m2 (x x1 )
y 1 = 12 (x 3)
x 3
y1+ +
2 2
x 3
y = + +1
2 2
x 5
y= + ,
B.
2 2
5. Please see solution to Q17 of 2013 before proceeding.
The distance between two points
A(x1 , y1 ) and B(x2 , y2 ) is
p
|AB| = (x2 x1 )2 + (y2 y1 )2
In our case;
(x1 , y1 ) = (1, 2), implies that x1 = 1, y1 = 2
(x2 , y2 ) = (4, 5) implies that x2 = 4, y2 = 5

49

Solution, 2010

Distance =
=
=
=
=
=
=

p
(4 1)2 + (5 2)2

32 + 32

9+9

18

29

2 9

3 2,
A.

we have that
Z
2 tan(2x + )dx
Z
2 sin(2x + )
dx
=
cos(2x + )


h
i
= log cos(2x + ) + C
h
i
= log cos(2x + ) C
h
i
= log cos(2x + ) + K,
C.

6. Please see solution to Q17 of 2011 before proceeding.

Here, generally;
Z 0
f (x)
dx = loge f (x)+C, or ln f (x)+C
f (x)
where C is the constant of integration
and f 0 (x) is the derivative of f (x).This
means that in integration of rational
functions, if the derivative of the denominator gives the numerator, then
the result of the integration is the logarithm of the denominator plus C, the
constant of the integration. Also note
sin
that in trigonometry, tan = cos

In this case,
Z
Z
2 tan(2x + )dx = 2 tan(2x + )dx
There is no direct integration for tangent. So we integrate as follows using
the tools above;
Z
Z
sin(2x + )
2 tan(2x+)dx = 2
dx.
cos(2x + )
Since

d
dx

7.
5 + 2x 3x2 = 0
3x2 + 2x + 5 = 0
3x2 5 = 15x2
15x2 :: (5x)(3x)
2x :: (5x) + (3x)

3x2 + 5x 3x + 5 = 0
x(3x 5) 1(3x 5) = 0
(3x 5)(x 1) = 0
3x 5 = 0 or x 1 = 0
3x = 5 or x = 1
5
x = or x = 1,
B.
3
8. Let X be the amount of money he invested at 5% and let Y be the amount
of money he invested at 7%. Then
X + Y = N 200, 000

(i)

cos(2x + ) = 2 sin(2x + ),
5
7
X+
Y = N 11, 600 (ii)
100
100
Note that the total amount of money
invested is X + Y and amount re5
ceived from dividends of 5% is 100
X,

50

Solution, 2010

30
10
2 10

amount received from dividends of

7
7% is 100
Y and the total dividends re7
5
X + 100
Y = N 11, 600.
ceived is 100

Equation (ii) implies ab =

Now multiply (ii) by 100 to have

Substitute a = 15
into equation (i)
b
gives

5X + 7Y = N 1, 160, 000

ab = 15

(iii)

(iii)

2
15
+ 2b2
95 = 5
b


225
= 5
+ 2b2
b2


We solve this equation simultaneously with (i) to obtain

(i) 5 : 5X + 5Y = N 1, 000, 000
(iii) : 5X 7Y = N 1, 160, 000
2Y = N 160, 000

let b2 = y, we have


225
+ 2y
95 = 5
y

N 160, 000
2
Y = N 80, 000
Y =

Multiply through by y gives

Hence, the amount he invested at 7%

is N 80, 000,
C.

10 is
9. Ifthe square
root
of
95

30

a 5 + b 2, then
q

(95 30 10) = a 5 + b 2

95y = 5(225) + 2y 2
2y 2 95y + 1125 = 0
We solve this quadratic equation
2y 2 45y 50y + 1125 = 0
y(2y 45) 25(2y 45) = 0
(y 25)(2y 45) = 0
y 25 = 0 or 2y 45 = 0
45
y = 25 or y =
2
We choose y = 25, but b2 = y

Squaring both sides gives,

q
2

(95 30 10)
=

2
a 5+b 2

95 30 10 = (a 5 + b 2)(a 5 + b 2)

= a2 25 + ab 10 + ba 10

+b2 4

= 5a2 + 2 10ab + 2b2

= 5a2 + 2b2 + 2 10ab

On comparing both sides, we have
that
95 = 5a2 + 2b2
(i)

30 10 = 2 10ab

(ii)

This implies b2 = 25, which gives

b = 5, that is, b = 5 or b = 5. Also
from equation (iii). This ima = 15
b
plies
15
a = 5
= 3, that is, a = 3 or
a = 3. Hence,
a = 3 b = 5 or a = 3, b = 5,

D.

10. The median of a set of data is the data

appearing in the middle after the set
of data has been arranged in ascending order of magnitude. The modal

51

Solution, 2010

score is the score with the highest frequency , that is, the score with the
highest number of students obtaining
it.
In our case; 65, 65, 55, 60, 60, 65, 60, 70,
75, 70, 65, 70, 60, 60, 65, 65, 70.
We first arrange the data or scores
in ascending order as follows
55, 60, 60, 60, 60, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 70,
70, 70, 70, 75. Now, the median is the
average of the two middle scores
65, 65.
65 + 65
= 65
Median =
2
The modal score is also 65. It occurred
6 times in the data.
The sum of the median and modal
scores is = 65 + 65 = 130,
B.
11.
x2 2x 15 = 0
x2 5x + 3x 15 = 0
x(x 5) + 3(x 5) = 0
(x + 3)(x 5) = 0
x + 3 = 0 or x 5 = 0
x = 3 or x = 5,
B.
12.
Total legacy = N 45 million.
Peter : David : Paul = 7 : 5 : 3
Total ratio = 7 + 5 + 3 = 15
7
Peters amount =
N 45 million
15
= N 21 million
5
N 45 million
Davids amount =
15
= N 15 million
3
Pauls amount =
N 45 million
15
= N 9 million

Hence, in million naira, they received,

N 21, N 15, N 9 respectively,
C.
13. Note
As tends to zero, sin tends to zero
As tends to zero, cos tends to one
As tends to zero, tan tends to zero, D.
14. In trigonometry,
sin2 + cos2 = 1
tan2 + 1 = sec2
1 + cot2 = cosec2
where sec =
cot = tan1

1
,
cos

cosec =

1
sin

and

Now;
2 cos2 + 2 sin2 = 2[cos2 + sin2 ]
= 21
= 2,
B.
15. Since tan x =

sin x
,
cos x

then

tan(90 + x) =

sin(90 + x)
cos(90 + x)

We note from identities that

sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
cos(A + B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B
Now,
sin(90 + x) =
=
=
=

sin 90 cos x + cos 90 sin x

1 cos x + 0 sin x
cos x + 0
cos x

Also
cos(90 + x) =
=
=
=

cos 90 cos x sin 90 sin x

0 cos x 1 sin x
0 sin x
sin x

52

Solution, 2010

(Hint; sin 90 = 1, cos 90 = 0) We

have
sin(90 + x) = cos x
cos(90 + x) = sin x
sin(90 + x)
cos(90 + x
cos x
=
sin x
1
=
tan x
= cot x

tan(90 + x) =

(Hint; tan x =

sin x
,
cos x

cot x =

= xex ex + C
= ex (x 1) + C,

A.

16. Note: The length of perpendicular

from a point A(x1 , y1 ) to a line ax +
by + c = 0 is
ay1 + bx1 + c

a2 + b 2
In our case, the line BC and point A
are missing in the question.
17. Please see solution to Q17 of 2011 before proceeding.
In differentiation, to find the derivative of products of functions e.g y =
dy
u(x)v(x), we use the product rule dx
=
du
dv
u dx + v dx . But in integration, to find
the integral
R of products of functions
e.g y = u(x)dv(x), we use the integration by parts method which is
Z
Z
udv = uv vdu
(*)
In our case,

D.

18. Please see solution to Q21 of 2012 before proceeding.

cos x
)
sin x

Hence, tan(90 + x) = cot x,

x
we set u = x and dv
R = e dx.
R
du = 1dx and v = dv = ex dx = ex .
Now, using (*),
Z
Z
x
x
xe dx = xe ex 1dx
Z
x
= xe ex dx

We note the area under any curve y =

f (x) from x = a to x = b is
Z b
Area =
f (x)dx
a

In our case,
y(x) = sin x,
Z

x = 0, x =

Area =

sin xdx
h
i
=
cos x
0

= ( cos ) ( cos 0 )
= cos + cos 0
= cos 180 + cos 0
Since we are dealing with degrees, we
use = 180 . So,
Area = (1) + 1
= 1+1
= 2 units square,

A.

(Note; cos 180 = 1, cos 0 = 1).

To integrate
Z

xex dx,

19. In set theory, the symbol , means

it is contained in. Example: A
B means A is contained in B. Note

53

Solution, 2010

that quadrilateral is the general name

for all four sided plane shapes. We
can obtain at least one square from
a rectangle which implies S R.
We can also obtain at least a rectangle from a parallelogram, that is, R
P . Since Quadrilateral is the general
name given to all four sided plane
shapes, then S R P Q.
Hence,
S R P Q,

D.

20. Please see solution to Q11 of 2012 before proceeding.

A convex polygon is any polygon
whose interior angles are less than
180 . The sum of these interior angles
is
S = (n 2) 180
But since 180 = , we can write
S = (n 2)
where n is the number of sides of the
polygon,
A.
21. If

x
y

z
w

= c, then
z
x
= c and
=c
y
w
which implies
=

x = yc and z = wc.
We now substitute x = yc and z = wc
3x2 xz+z 2
into 3y
2 yw+w 2 , which gives
3x2 xz + z 2
=
3y 2 yw + w2

3(yc)2 (yc)(wc)+(wc)2
3y 2 yw+w2

22. Please see solution to Q11 of 2013 and

Q21 of 2011 before proceeding.
Here, let
5y 12
A
B
=
+
,
(y 2)(y 3)
y2 y3
5y 12
A(y 3) + B(y 2)
=
(y 2)(y 3)
(y 2)(y 3)
where A and B are constants. This implies,
5y 12 = A(y 3) + B(y 2)

(*)

To find B, we eliminate A, by setting

y 3 = 0 which implies y = 3. We
substitute y = 3 into (*). This gives
5(3) 12 = A(3 3) + B(3 2)
15 12 = A(0) + B(1)
3=0+B
B=3
To find A, we eliminate B, by setting
y 2 = 0 which implies that y = 2. We
substitute y = 2 into equation (*). This
gives
5(2) 12 = A(2 3) + B(2 2)
10 12 = A(1) + B(0)
2 = A
A=2
Hence,
2
3
5y 12
=
+
,
(y 2)(y 3)
y2 y3

B.

3y 2 c2 ywc2 + w2 c2 23. Please see solution to Q10 of 2012 be3y 2 yw + w2

fore proceeding.
2
2
2
c [3y yw + w ]
=
1
Second term, T2 =
3y 2 yw + w2
2
= c2 1
1
Third term, T3 = .
= c2 ,
D.
4
=

54

Solution, 2010

The general nth term for a Geometric

Progression(GP) is Tn = arn1 where
r is the common ratio.
1
(i)
T2 = ar21 = ar1 =
2
1
T3 = ar31 = ar2 =
(ii)
4
Divide equation (ii) by (i) we have,
ar2
1
1
=
ar
4
2
2
1
1
r = =
4
1
2
1
r=
2
So, since the series is an infinite series,
the sum to infinity is
a
S =
1r
where a is the first term.
To find a, we substitute r = 21 into (i)
 
1
1
a
= , = a = 1
2
2
1


1 12
1
=
1 + 12
1
= 3

S =

2
=
3
Hence, the sum of the infinite series is
2
,
D.
3
24. Considering 4BCD,
BCD + BDC + DBC = 180
55 + 48 + DBC = 180
DBC = 180 103 = 77

We note the following facts in circle

geometry:
i. CDY = DBC (when tangent
AD is extended to Y )
ii. CBX = BDC(when tangent
AB is extended to X)
So,
using fact (i), CDY = DBC = 77 ,
Using fact (ii), CBX = BDC = 48
Now considering straight line ADY
ADB + BDC + CDY = 180
ADB + 48 + 77 = 180
ADB = 180 125
ADB = 55
Also, considering, straight line ABX,
ABD + DBC + CBX = 180
ABD + 77 + 48 = 180
ABD = 180 125 = 55
Now, considering triangle 4ADB,
BAD + ADB + ABD = 180
BAD + 55 + 55 = 180
BAD + 110 = 180
BAD = 180 110
BAD = 70 ,
Hence,

B.

25. Insufficient question (No diagram)

Question, 2009
1. Factorize 6x2 14x 12
A. 2(x+3)(3x2) B. 6(x2)(x+1)
C. 2(x3)(3x+2) D. 6(x+2)(x1)
E. (3x + 4)(2x + 3)
2. What is the product of 27
(3)3 and
5
( 15 )1
1
A. 5 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 E. 25
3. If the lengths of the sides of a rightangled triangle are (3x + 1)cm,
(3x 1)cm and xcm. What is x?
A. 2 B. 6 C. 18 D. 12 E. 0
4. Evaluate

xy 2 x2 y
x2 xy

when
x = 2 and y = 3
. A. 3

B.

4
5

C.

3
5

D. 3

E. 4

5. Two fair dice are rolled. What is

the probability that both show up the
same number of point?
1
A. 10
B. 14
C. 12
D. 31
E. 15
6. In 1984, Tolu was 24 years old and his
father 45 years. In what year was Tolu
exactly half his fathers age?
A. 1982 B. 1981
C. 1983 D. 1979 E. 1978
7. Find the probability that a number selected at random from 40 to 50 is a
prime.
2
5
5
4
1
A. 11
B. 11
C. 10
D. 10
E. 12

55

8. A man kept 6 black, 5 brown and 7

purple shirts in a drawer. What is
the probability of him picking a purple shirt with his eyes closed?
7
11
7
C. 18
D. 11
E. 63
A. 17 B. 18
10
9. An (n 2)2 sided figure has n diagonals. Find the number n of diagonals
for a 25 sided figure.
A. 8 B. 7 C. 6 D. 9 E. 10
10. Find the probability of selecting a figure which is parallelogram from a
square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a kite
and a trapezium.
C. 45
D. 51
E. 5
A. 53 B. 52
11. If P varies inversely as V and V varies
directly as R2 , find the relationship
between P and R given that R = 7
where P = 2.
A. P = 98R2 B. P R2 = 98
1
R
C. P 2 R = 98 D. P = 98
2
R
E. P = 98
12. If 7 and 189 are the first and fourth
terms of a geometric progression respectively. Find the sum of the first
three terms of the progression.
A. 182
B. 180
C. 91
D. 63
E. 28
13. Find the positive number a such that
thrice its square is equal to twelve
time the number.
A. 1 B. 4 C. 2 D. 5 E. 9
14. A sector of a circle of radius 7.2cm
which subtends an angle of 300 at the
center is used to form a cone. What is

56

Question, 2009

the radius of the base of the cone?

A. 6cm B. 7cm C. 8cm D. 9cm
E. 5cm
15. If pq + 1 = q 2 and r =
r in terms of q.
1
1
B. qp
C.
A. p+q
1
E. pq

1
p

1
.
pq

1
q+1

Express
D.

1
p+1

16. Given a regular hexagon, calculate

each interior angle of the hexagon.
A. 60 B. 30
C. 120
D. 45

E. 135
17. Find n if log2 4 + log2 2 log2 n = 1.
A. 10 B. 14 C. 12 D. 27 E. 16
18. If x = 1 is a root of the equation
x3 2x2 5x + 6. Find the other roots.
A. 3, 2
B. 2, 2
C. 3, 2
D. 1, 3 E. 3, 1
19. The value of (0.303)3 (0.02)3 is
A. 0.019
B. 0.0019
C. 0.00019
D. 0.000019 E. 0.000035
20. List all integers satisfying the inequality 2 < 2x 6 < 4.
A. 2, 3, 4, 5
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 2, 5
D. 3, 4, 5 E. 4, 5
21. If 32y 6(3y ) = 27. Find y.
A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

E. 1

22. A number of pencils were shared

among Peter, Paul and Audu in the
ratio 2, 3, 5 respectively if Peter got 5,
how many were shared?
A. 15 B. 25 C. 30 D. 50 E. 55
23. A sum of money was invested at 8%
per annum simple interest. If after 4
years the money became N 330, what
is the amount originally invested?
A. N 180
B. N 165
C. N 150
D. N 200 E. N 250

57

Solution, 2009

Solution, 2009
1.
6x2 14x 12
Since this is a quadratic expression
and not a quadratic equation (containing equality), we will not divide
through by 2 but, we will factorize out
2 to have 2(3x2 7x 6).

largest side when x is given any positive value.

From 3x2 (6) = 18x2 , then

Since 18x2 = (9x)(2x)
7x = (9x) + (2x)

By Pythagorean theorem:
(3x + 1)2 = (3x 1)2 + x2
(3x + 1)(3x + 1) = (3x 1)(3x 1) + x2
9x2 + 6x + 1 = 9x2 6x + 1 + x2
9x2 + 6x + 1 = 10x2 6x + 1
On collecting like terms, we obtain,
9x2 10x2 + 6x + 6x + 1 1 = 0
x2 + 12x = 0
x2 12x = 0
x(x 12) = 0
x = 0 or (x 12) = 0

We have
= 2(3x2 9x + 2x 6)


= 2 3x(x 3) + 2(x 3)


= 2 (3x + 2)(x 3)
= 2(x 3)(3x + 2)
Hence,
6x2 14x12 = 2(x3)(3x+2),

C.

2. The product of 27
33 and ( 51 )1 is
5




1 1 27
27 1
3
( )
3

= 5
5
5
5 27
 
1
= 5
5
= 1

Hence, answer equals 1

D.

3. For a right angled triangle;

Hypotenuse side2
= Opposite side2 + Adjacent side2
From the sides given, (3x + 1)cm is
the hypotenuse side since it is the

Therefore, x = 0 cm or x = 12cm.
Since a side cannot be 0cm, our answer is 12cm.
Hence, x = 12cm,
4.

D.

(xy 2 x2 y)
.
x2 xy
We factorize the numerator and denominator
xy(y x)
.
x(x y)

58

Solution, 2009

Since (x y) = x + y = y x, then


xy (x y)
(xy 2 x2 y)
=
x2 xy
x(x y)

(xy)
xy

=

(xy)
x

= 1 y 1
= y
Hence,
(xy 2 x2 y)
= y
x2 xy
Since y = 3, then the answer equals -3.
A.
5. Please see solution to Q6 of 2011 before proceeding.
On using the table in solution Q6
of 2011, we observe that the outcomes 1, 1, ; 2, 2; 3, 3; 4, 4; 5, 5; and 6, 6
showed the same number of point out
of a total outcome of 36. Therefore,
probability( both have same number
6
= 16 ,
E.
of point)= 36
6. Let x be the number of years from
1984 in which Tolu (24 years) is exactly half his fathers (45 years) age.
Then
1
24 + x = (45 + x)
2
where (24+x) years is Tolus age when
he is half his Fathers age and (45 + x)
years is the fathers age at that time.
So, on crossmultiplying, we have
2(24 + x) = 45 + x
48 + 2x = 45 + x
2x x = 45 48
x = 3

This means 3 years before 1984, Tolu

was half his Fathers age.
Hence, the year is 1984 3 = 1981,
B.
7. Please see solution to Q14 of 2012 before proceeding.
Prime numbers are numbers divisible
by 1 and itself. Note that 1 is not
a prime number. Examples of prime
numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
Now, the primes from 40 to 50 are
41, 43 and 47. Numbers from 40 to 50
is 11. Probability( prime from 40 to
3
,
A.
50)= 11
8. Total shirts = 6 + 5 + 7 = 18 shirts.
7
Probability( a purple shirt)= 18
, since
we have 7 purple shirts.
B.

9. If an (n 2)2 sided figure has n diagonals then,

25 = (n 2)2
p

25 = (n 2)2
5=n2
n=7
Hence, a 25 sided figure has 7 diagonals,
B
10. Total plane shapes = 5 (squares,
rectangle, rhombus, kite and trapezium). Now, plane shapes that are
parallelograms= 3, (square, rectangle
and rhombus).
Note:
A Parallelogram is a quadrilacteral
which has both pairs of its opposite
sides parrallel.
A square is a rectangle with sides of
equal lenght.

59

Solution, 2009

A rectangle is a quadrilacteral which

has all its angles as right angles.

Also note that rhombus, rectangles

and squares are all special examples
of parrallelograms. Any property a
parallelogram has will also be true of
a rhombus, rectangle or square.
Probability(a parallelogram)= 35 , A.
11.
P

1
V

V R2

(Inverse Variation)

(6.1)

(Direct Variation)

(6.2)

From (6.1),
A rhombus is a parallelogram with
sides of equal lenght.

P =

K
V

(*)

where K is the constant of proportionality.

V = LR2
(**)

A kite is a quadrilacteral in which the

diagonals intersect at right angles and
the two pairs of adjacent sides are
equal.

where L is the constant of proportionality.

Substituting V = LR2 into (*), gives
K
LR2
K 1
P =

L R2
P =

Since K and L are constants. Let Q =

K
, we have
L
P =
A trapezium is a quadrilacteral with
two parallel sides.

Q
R2

where Q is the constant of proportionality connecting P and R.

60

Solution, 2009

When R = 7 and P = 2, then

S3 =

Q
72
2
27 =Q
Q = 2 49 = 98
2=

=
=

So, the equation connecting or the relationship between P and R is,

=
=

7(33 1)
31
7(27 1)
2
7
26
2
7 13
91,
C.

13. This is a word problem.

98
R2
2
P R = 98
P =

Hence, the relationship between P

and R is P R2 = 98,
B
12. Please see solution to Q10 of 2012 and
Q23 of 2010 before proceeding.
Here, generally Tn = arn1
T1 = a = 7

(i)

T4 = ar41 = ar3 = 189

(ii)

We proceed to find r, the common ratio.

The positive number is n

Its square is n2
Thrice its square is 3n2
Twelve times the number is 12n
Mathematically,
3n2 = 12n
3n2 12n = 0
3n(n 4) = 0
3n = 0, or n 4 = 0
n = 0, or n = 4
Th number is either 0 or 4. But since
it is a positive number then n = 4.
Hence,
B.

Substitute (i) into (ii) to have

ar3 = 189
7r3 = 189
189
= 27
r3 =
7
r3 = 27

3
r = 27 = 3
Since |r| = |3| = 3 > 1, we proceed to
find the sum of the first three (n = 3)
terms using,
n

Sn =

a(r 1)
r1

14. The transformation of the sector

above to the cone is given by the formula

2r0 = 2r1
360
where is the subtended angle , r0 is
the radius of the circle and r1 is the

61

Solution, 2009

base radius of the cone

= 300 , r0 = 7.2cm, r1 =?

2r0 = 2r1
360
300
2(7.2cm) = 2r1
360
30
r1 =
7.2
36
10
r1 =
7.2 cm = 6 cm
12
Hence, the base radius of the cone is
6cm,
A.

16. Please see solution to Q11 of 2012 before proceeding.

A regular polygon is a polygon whose
sides are all equal and whose interior
angles are also all equal. A hexagon
has 6 sides , so n = 6.
Note: For any regular polygon,
Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180
360
Exterior angle =
n
where n is the number of sides.
In our case, hexagon, n = 6.

15.
pq + 1 = q

360
= 60
6
Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180
Interior angle = 180 60
Interior angle = 120
Exterior angle =

and
r=

1
1

p pq

(6.3)

From
pq + 1 = q 2
pq = q 2 1
q2 1
p=
q

Hence, each interior angle of the

hexagon is 120
C.
(6.4)

Substitute (6.4) into (6.3), so that

r=

1
q 2 1
q

r=



1


q 2 1
q

Using laws (i), (ii), (iii)

q

1
q
2
1 q 1
q1
r= 2
q 1

q2

From difference of two square

A2 B 2 = (A + B)(A B), so that
q 2 1 = (q + 1)(q 1), so
r=

17. Please see solution to Q5 of 2013 before proceeding.

(q 1)
.
(q + 1)(q 1)

log2 4 + log2 2 log2 n = 1

log2 22 + log2 2 log2 n = 1
2(1) + 1 log2 n = 1
2 + 1 log2 n = 1
2 + 1 + 1 = log2 n
4 = log2 n
log2 n = 4
n = 24 = 16
Hence, n = 16

E.

18. Note: Polynomials

Hence,
r=

1
,
q+1

C.

P (x) = Q(x)D(x) + R(x)

Polynomial = Quotient Divisor + Remainder

62

Solution, 2009

So,

In our case, if x = 1 is a root of th

equation x3 2x2 5x + 6, then (x 1)
is a factor of the polynomial, that is,
D(x) = x 1, P (x) = x3 2x2 5x + 6


x1

(0.303)3 (0.02)3
= (0.303 0.02)(0.3032 + (0.303)(0.02) + 0.022
= (0.283)(0.091809 + 0.00606 + 0.0004)
= (0.283)(0.092209 + 0.00606)
= (0.283)(0.098269)
= 0.0278

x2 x 6
x3 2x2 5x + 6
x3 + x2
x2 5x
x2 x
6x + 6
6x 6
0

a2 b2 = (a b)(a + b), so

So, from P (x) = Q(x)D(x) + R(x)

x3 2x2 5x + 6 = (x2 x 6)(x 1) + 0
= (x2 x 6)(x 1)
We now factorize the quadratic
(x2 x 6) normally
x2 x 6 = x2 3x + 2x 6
= x(x 3) + 2(x 3)
= (x + 2)(x 3)
so that
x3 2x2 5x+6 = (x1)(x+2)(x3).
The roots are:
P (x) = 0
(x 1)(x + 2)(x 3) = 0
x 1 = 0, x + 2 = 0, x 3 = 0
x = 1, x = 2, x = 3
Hence, the other roots are x = 2 or
x = 3,
C.
19. Note that:
a3 b3 = (a b)(a2 + ab + b2 )

(0.303)2 (0.02)2
= (0.303 0.02)(0.303 + 0.02)
= (0.283)(0.323)
= 0.091409
Hence, 0.3033 0.023 = 0.0278.

20. Please see solution to Q2 of 2010 before proceeding.

Here, 2 < 2x 6 < 4. We then find
x.
Add 6 to all the sides
2 + 6 < 2x 6 + 6 < 4 + 6
4 < 2x < 10
Divide through by 2 to have,
4
2x
10
<
<
2
2
2
2<x<5
Hence, x = 3, 4.
21. Please see solution to Q6 and Q12 of
2013 before proceeding.

63

Solution, 2009

Here,

Total amount = Interest, I+Principal, P

32y 6(3y ) = 27
(3y )2 6(3y ) = 27
Let A = 3y , then
A2 6A = 27
A2 6A 27 = 0
A2 9A + 3A 27 = 0
A(A 9) + 3(A 9) = 0
(A + 3)(A 9) = 0
A + 3 = 0, or A 9 = 0
A = 3, A = 9

When A = 3, from A = 3y ,
3 = 3y (impossible).
When A = 9, from
A = 3y , 9 = 3y , 32 = 3y , y = 2,
C.

Here, R = 8%, T
N 330.00, P =?

4, A

From (i),
100I = P RT
100I = P (8)(4) = 32P
25I = 8P

25I 8P = 0

(iii)

From (ii),
A=I +P

22. Please see solution to Q12 of 2010 before proceeding.

Ratio

(ii)

A=I +P

330 = I + P

(iv)

From (iii)

25I = 8P
Peter : Paul : Audu = 2 : 3 : 5
8
Total ratio = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10
I= P
25
2
8
Peters portion =
T =5
Substitute I = P into (iv), we have
10
25
where T is the total number of pencil shared.
330 = I + P
2T
8
=5
330 = P + P
10
25
2T = 50
8P + 25P
330 =
T = 25
25
33P
330 =
Hence, 25 pencils were shared
B
25
33P = 330 25
23.
P = N 250.00
Simple Interest, I
(Note: Principal= Original amount inPrincipal, P Rate, R Time, T
=
vested).
100
Hence, the amount originally inP RT
vested is N 250.00
E.
I=
(i)
100

Question, 2008

7. A Cyclist rode for 30 minutes at

x km/hr and due to a breakdown he
had to push the bike for 2hrs at (x
5)km/hr. If the total distance covered
is less than 60 km, what is the range of
value of x?
A. x < 14 B. x < 29
C. x < 28 D. x < 20

1. The expression a3 + b3 is equal to

A. (a2 + b)(a ab + b2 )
B. (a + b)(a2 ab + b2 )
C. (a b2 )(a2 ab + b)
D. (a b)(a2 + ab + b2 )
2. Factorize 16(3x + 2y)2 25(a + 2b)2
A. (12x+8y 5a10b)(12x+8y 5a
10b)
B. 20(3x+2ya2b)(3x+2y+a+2b)
C. (12x+8y +5a+10b)(12x+8y 5a
10b)
D. 20(3x + 2y + a + 2b)(3x + 2y + a + 2b)
3. A cone has base radius 4cm and
height 3cm. The area of its curved surface is
A. 12cm2 B. 20cm2
C. 24cm2 D. 15cm2
4. A cylinder has height 4cm and base
radius 5cm. Its volume to 3 significant
figure is
A. 314.2cm2 B. 31.42cm2
C. 251.4cm2 D. 251cm2
5. Let log
y + log 3 =
3, then y is
x 3
x 3
B. 10
A. 10

1

3
3
C. 10
D. 10
x
x
6. If

9. Dividing 2x3 x2 5x+1 by x+3 gives

the remainder
A. 3 B. 47 C. 61 D. 47
10. Let f (x) = 2x3 3x2 5x + 6, if x
1 divides f (x). Find the zeros of the
function
A. 1, 2, 23 B. 1, 2, 32
C. 1, 2, 3 D. 1, 2, 32
11. The difference of two numbers is 10,
while their product is 39. Find these
numbers
A. 3 and 10 or 13 and 10
B. 3 and 10 or 3 and 13
C. 3 and 3 or 3 and 13
D. 3 and13 or 13 and 3
12. The average age of x pupils in a class
is 14 years 2 months. A pupil of 15
years 2 months joins the class and
the average age is increased by one
month. Find x.
A. 12 B. 6 C. 11 D. 13

x2 y 2
2 =1
a2
b

then y
is
A. ab a2 x2

C. ab a2 x2

8. The expression ax2 +bx takes the value

6 when x = 1 and 10 when x = 2. Find
its value when x = 5
A. 10 B. 12 C. 6 D. 10

B. ab x2 a2

D. ab x2 a2

64

65

Question, 2008

All the 120 pupils in a school learn

Yoruba or Igbo or both. Given that 75
learn Yoruba and 60 learn Igbo
13. How many learn both languages?
A. 60 B. 45 C. 15 D. 120
14. How many learn Igbo only?
A. 45 B. 30 C. 15 D. 60
Suppose
 we have
 matrices

1 1
0 2
A=
and B =
2 3
4 3
2
15. Find
2A 
 A + AB 

5 9
1 4
A.
B.
12
14
7 


8
4 4
0 4
C.
D.
12 13
8 6

16. Evaluate the integral

Z 2
1
(x2 + )dx
x
1
A.
C.

8
+ ln 2
3
7
ln 3
3

7
3

B. + ln 2
D. 83 + ln 3

17. If the distance covered by a body in

time t seconds is s = t3 6t2 + 5t, what
is its initial velocity?
A. 0ms1 B. 4ms1
C. (3t2 12t + 5)ms1 D. 5ms1

19. Find D E
A. {2} B. {2, 3}
C. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

D. {}

20. The Trigonometric expression

cos 2A + sin 2A can be written as
A. cos A(cos A sin A)
B. cos2 A + sin2 A 2 sin A cos A
C. 2 sin A cos A + cos2 A + sin2 A
D. cos2 A + sin2 A 2 sin A cos A
A bag contains 10 balls of which 3 are
red and 7 are white. Two balls are
drawn at random. Find the probability that none of the balls is red if the
draw is
21. With replacement
A. 0.9 B. 1 C. 0.4

D. 0.49

22. Without replacement

A. 0.1 B. 0.47 C. 0.42

D. 0.21

23. In a throw of a fair die the probability

of obtaining an even number is
C. 16
D. 23
A. 1 B. 23
24. Two fair coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of obtaining at least 1 tail turns up?
C. 12
D. 1
A. 41 B. 43
Let and be the root of the equation

Suppose D, E and P are subsets of

a universal set U. Let U be the set
of natural numbers not greater than
10, while D, E and P are respectively
the set of odd numbers, even numbers
and prime numbers. For any set X, its
complementary X 0 and denote the
empty set.
18. Display the set D0 P
A. {3, 5, 7} B. {2}
C. {4, 6, 8, 10} D. {2, 3, 5, 7}

x2 5x + 4 = 0
1
1

C. 34
D.

25. Find the value of

A. 43

B.

3
4

1
5

26. A regular polygon has each of its angles as 160 . What is the number of
sides of the polygon?
A. 18 B. 36 C. 9 D. 20

66

27. One angle of an octagon is 100 while

the other sides are equal. Find each of
these exterior angles
A. 80 B. 60 C. 140 D. 0

Question, 2008

67

Solution, 2008

Solution, 2008
1.
a3 b3 = (a b)(a2 + ab + b2 )
a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 ab + b2 )
a4 b4 = (a b)(a3 + ab2 + a2 b + b3 ), B
Now, r = 4cm, h = 3cm, l =?
2.
16(3x + 2y)2 25(a + 2b)2
= 42 (3x + 2y)2 52 (a + 2b)2

2 
2
= 4(3x + 2y) 5(a + 2b)
= [12x + 8y]2 [5a + 10b]2
From the difference of two squares,
A2 B 2 = (A + B)(A B),
so that we have
h
i
= (12x + 8y) + (5a + 10b)
h
i
(12x + 8y) (5a + 10b)
= (12x + 8y + 5a + 10b)
(12x + 8y 5a 10b)
Hence,

C.

3. We note that the curve surface area of

a cone is rl, where r is the base radius and l is the slant height. The total
surface area of a cone is
rl + r2 = r(l + r).
The volume of a cone is
1
V = r2 h
3
where h is the height of the cone and
= 22
. We remark that slant height
7
l, is different from the height h of the
cone.

To calculate the curve surface area of

a cone, we must first find the slant
height l.
Considering right angle 4COB, using Pythagorass theorem
l2 = h2 + r2
l2 = 32 + 42
l2 = 9 + 16
l2 = 25

l = 25
l=5
Curve surface area = rl
= 45
= 20,
B.
4. We note that curve surface area of a
cylinder is 2rh, where r is the radius,
h is the height of the cylinder. Total
surface area of a cylinder is
2rh + 2r2 = 2r(h + r).
Volume of a cylinder is
V = r2 h.
Now, h = 4cm, r = 5cm, = 3.142
Volume =
=
=
=
=

r2 h
(3.142)(5)2 (4)
(3.142)(25)(4)
(3.142)(100)
314.2 cm3

68

Solution, 2008

Hence, the volume is 314.2 cm3

5. Please see solution to Q17 of 2009 before proceeding
log y + log x3 = 3
log x3 y = 3
log10 x3 y = 3
x3 y = 103
 3
10
103
y= 3 =
x
x
Hence, y =
6.

10 3
,
x

x2 y 2
2 =1
a2
b
We make y the subject of the formula.
Taking the LCM, we have
b 2 x 2 a2 y 2
=1
a2 b 2
b 2 x 2 a2 y 2 = a2 b 2
b 2 x 2 a2 b 2 = a2 y 2
b2 (x2 a2 ) = a2 y 2
a2 y 2 = b2 (x2 a2 )
b2
y 2 = 2 (x2 a2 )
a
Taking the square root of both sides, give
r
p
b2 2
2
y =
(x a2 )
2
a
r
b2 p 2
y=
(x a2 )
a2
bp 2
y=
(x a2 ),
B.
a

7. Note

Distance
.
time
Distance = Speed time
Speed =

Let the distance the cyclist rode the

bike be P , then
x km/hr =

P
.
30 mins

We shall need to convert the time at 30

mins to hours

60 mins = 1 hr
1
30 mins = hr, so that
2
P
x km/hr = 1
hr
2
1
x =P
2
x
P = km
2
Let the distance the cyclist push the bike be Q, th
Q
(x 5) km/hr =
2 hrs
Q = 2(x 5) km
The total distance the cyclist covered = P + Q
x
Total distance, T = P + Q = + 2(x 5) km
2
x 2x 10
T = +
km
2
1
x + 2(2x 10)
T =
km
2
x + 4x 20
km
T =
2
5x 20
T =
km
2
But total distance, T < 60 km
5x 20
T =
< 60
2
5x 20 < 120
5x < 120 + 20
5x < 140
140
x<
= 28
5
Hence, x < 28,

C.

69

Solution, 2008

8. The function f (x) = ax2 + bx. But

f (1) = 6 and f (x = 2) = 10. We are
to find f (x = 5).
Since,
f (x) = ax2 + bx,
f (1) = a(12 ) + b(1) = 6
a 1 + b(1) = 6
a+b=6
f (2) = a(22 ) + b(2) = 10
a 4 + b 2 = 10
4a + 2b = 10
Divide through by 2, gives
2a + b = 5
This is a pair of simultaneous equations in a and b, we solve as follows
using elimination method;
a+b=6
2a + b = 5
a + 0 = 1
a = 1

By referring to the remainders theorem in solution to Q8 of 2013, we have

that
f (a) = Remainder, R.
When x a is a divisor of the polynomial f (x) leaving a remainder R.
Here,
f (x) = 2x3 x2 5x + 1. D(x) = x + 3
Let x + 3 = 0, which implies x = 3
f (x = 3) =
=
=
=
=

2(3)3 (3)2 5(3) + 1

2(27) (9) + 15 + 1
54 9 + 16
54 + 7
47

Hence, the remainder is 47,

D.

10. Please see solution to Q18 of 2009 before proceeding.

Substitute a = 1 in a + b = 6, then
a+b=6
1 + b = 6
b=6+1=7
So a = 1 and b = 7. This implies that
f (x) = (1)x2 + (7)x.
This implies that f (x) = x2 + 7x.
Now,
f (x = 5) = f (5) = (5)2 + 7(5)
= 25 + 35
= 10
Hence, f (x = 5) = 10,

9. Please see solution to Q8 of 2013 before proceeding.

P (x) = 2x3 3x2 5x+6,

D(x) = x1

x1

2x x 6
2x3 3x2 5x + 6
2x3 + 2x2
x2 5x
x2 x
6x + 6
6x 6
0

From P (x) = Q(x)D(x) + R(x), we

have
P (x) = 2x3 3x2 5x+6 = (2x2 x6)(x1).

70

Solution, 2008

We proceed to factorize the quadratic

quotient 2x2 x 6 as follows:

Solving this yields,

B 2 + 13B 3B 39 = 0
B(B + 13) 3(B + 13) = 0
(B 3)(B + 13) = 0
B 3 = 0 or B + 13 = 0
B = 3 or B = 13

2x2 x 6
12x2 = (4x)(3x)
x = (4x) + (3x)
This implies 2x2 4x + 3x 6
= 2x(x 2) + 3(x 2)
= (2x + 3)(x 2)

Now;
When B = 3, from A = 10 + B
A = 10 + 3 = 13
A = 13, B = 3
When B = 13, from A = 10 + B
A = 10 + B = 10 + (13) = 10 13 = 3

Therefore;
P (x) = (2x + 3)(x 2)(x 1)
The zeros of the function is at P (x) =
0 which is
P (x) = (2x + 3)(x 2)(x 1) = 0
2x + 3 = 0 or x 2 = 0 or x 1 = 0
2x = 3 or x = 2 or x = 1
x = 23 or 2 or 1
Hence, x = 1, 2, 32 ,

Hence, A = 13, B = 3 or A =
3, B = 13,
D.
12. Please see solution to Q7 of 2011 before proceeding.

B.

Average age of n pupils =

11. Let the two numbers be A and B.

Their difference is A B and their
product is AB.
A B = 10
AB = 39

Please note 12 months makes a year.

(7.1)
(7.2)

This is a simultaneous equation

and we solve using the substitution
method as follows:
From (7.1), A B = 10
A = 10 + B
Substituting this equation into (7.2), that is
(10 + B)B = 39
10B + B 2 = 39
B 2 + 10B 39 = 0

Total age of n pupils

.
n

Now,
Let T be the total age of the x pupils, then
T
14 years 2 months =
x
We convert 14 years 2months into
months:
14 years =
=
14 years 2 months =
=

12 14 months
168 months
168 months + 2 months
170 months

This means that 170 months =

Therefore,
T = 170x

T
.
x

(i)

71

Solution, 2008

Now,

When the average age is increased by

one month, we have the new average
age to be 171 months and

We now convert 15 years 2 months to

just months.

let U be the universal set, then

n(U) = 120
let Y be the pupils learning Yoruba then
n(Y ) = 75
let I be the pupils learning Igbo, then
n(I) = 60

15 years = 15 12 months = 180 months

15 years 2 months = 182 months

Observe that Y I will be the pupils

learning both Yoruba and Igbo.

171 months =

T + 15 years 2 months
.
x+1

Let n(Y I) = x. Observe that

n(Y 0 I 0 ) which represents the number of pupils learning neither Yoruba
nor Igbo is zero. Since all the 120
pupils in the school learn one language or the other or both, then
n(A0 B 0 ) = 0.

So we now have
171 months =

T + 182 months
x+1

(ii)

Substitute (i) into equation (ii) to obtain

170x + 182
x+1
171(x + 1) = 170x + 182
171x + 171 = 170x + 182
171x 170x = 182 171
x = 11

From n(U) = n(A) + n(B) n(A B) + n(A0 B

120 = 75 + 60 x + 0
120 = 135 x
x = 135 120
x = 15

171 =

Hence, x = 11,

Hence, 15 pupils learn both languages.

C.

13. We note that for two sets A and B

n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) n(A B)
n(U) = n(A B) + n(A0 B 0 )
n(U) = n(A) + n(B) n(A B) + n(A0 B 0 )
where U is the universal set containing all the sets.

14. Y 0 I represent the pupils learning

Igbo only. Let n(Y 0 I) = y. We note
that:
n(I) = n(Y 0 I) + n(Y I)
60 = y + x
60 = y + 15
y = 60 15 = 45

72

Solution, 2008

Hence, 45 pupils learn Igbo only,

A.

16. Please see solution to Q19 of 2013 and

Q17 of 2011 before proceeding.

Z 2
1
2
dx
x +
x
1
 2+1
2
x
ln x
=
+
2+1
1 1
 3
2
x
=
+ ln x
3
15.
1  3

 3


1
2
1 1
+ ln 2
+ ln 1
=
A=
2 3
3
3


8
1
0 2
= + ln 2 ln 1
B=
3
3
4 3
8
1


 

= + ln 2 ln 1
1 1
1 1
1 4
3 3
2
A =
=
7
2 3
2 3
8
7
= + ln 2 0
3
We note that
7


 

= + ln 2
a b
e f
ae + bg af + bh
3
=
c d
g h
ce + dg cf + dh
(Note: ln 1 = 0, ln 0 = )


 

1 1
0 2
4 1
Hence,
AB =
=
2 3
4 3
12 13

Z 2
1
7

 

2
B.
x +
dx = + ln 2,
1 1
2 2
x
3
2A = 2
=
1
2 3
4 6
A2 + AB
 2A  
1 4
=
+
8
7


2 2

4 6

 
1 4
=
+
8
7


7 3
=
16 14

17. We note


4 1
12 13

A + AB 2A =
No correct option.

d(distance)
dtime

d( distance)
dt
Velocity is the timederivative of distance.
V =

6 1
8 7

Also,
d(velocity)
dtime
d(V )
a=
dt

Acceleration, a =

Hence
2

Velocity, V =

7 3
16 14


,

Acceleration is the timederivative of

velocity.

73

Solution, 2008

Now, distance, S = t3 6t2 +5t and initial velocity is the velocity when time,
t = 0, that is, the velocity with which
the body move or start from rest (t =
0).
d
dS
= (t3 6t2 + 5t)
V =
dt
dt
2
V = (3t 12t + 5)m/s
Initial Velocity =
=
=
=

V (t = 0)
3(0)2 12(0) + 5
00+5
5m/s

Hence, the initial velocity is 5ms1 ,

D.
18. We note that natural numbers are the
numbers we use in counting things
and it starts from 1 to infinity, that is,
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, }
Now, the set of natural numbers not
greater than 10 is
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and
D = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
P = {2, 3, 5, 7}
where D, E, P represent respectively
odd numbers, even numbers and
prime numbers.
D0 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
D0 P = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} {2, 3, 5, 7}
D0 P = {2}

19.
D E = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
= or {}
The answer is an empty set which is
either or {} and never {}, it is never
the combination of the two symbols.,
D.
20. We note that
cos(A + B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B
cos(A B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
sin(A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B
sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
Now,
cos 2A = cos(A + A)
= cos A cos A sin A sin A
= cos2 A sin2 A
sin 2A = sin(A + A)
= sin A cos A + sin A cos A
= 2 sin A cos A
Then,
cos 2A+sin 2A = cos2 Asin2 A+2 sin A cos A
21. Please see solution to Q8 of 2009 before proceeding
Total balls = 10 balls
Red = 3 red balls
White = 7 white balls

D0 is the complement set of D.

Hence,
D0 P = {2},

B.

Probability of picking a red ball

number of red balls
=
Total ball

74

Solution, 2008

3
10
7
P (white ball) =
10
P (red ball) =

Note that with replacement means

that once a ball is picked from the bag,
it is returned but when it is without replacement, the remaining balls in the
bag will be reduced by one, since it is
not returned.
Since we have only two options to
pick red or white ball, then

H
T

H
HH
TH

T
HT
TT

24. A coin has two sides with head (H)

and tail (T) on each side. The table
below shows the possible outcomes
when two coins are thrown We have
only four possible outcomes (HH,
HT , T H and T T ) outcomes with at
least one tail are (HT , T H and T T ).

3
B.
P (at least one tail) = ,
4
P (none of the balls is red) = P (white) P (white)
7
7
25.

P (not red) =
x2 5x + 4 = 0.
10 10
49
P (not red) =
= 0.49,
D
Recall:
100
x2 ( + )x + = 0 is the most
general form of a quadratic equation
22. But without replacement, the total
in terms of its roots and . On solvnumber of white balls will reduce by
ing x2 5x + 4 = 0, we have
one and the total balls in the bag will
also reduce by one, after a ball is
picked so that
P (none of balls is red without replacement)
6
7

=
10 9
7
P (not red) =
15
= 0.46666
' 0.47,
B.
23. A fair die has the digits, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and
6 on its sides. We know that 2, 4 and 6
are even numbers which makes a total
of 3 even number on the die.
P (even number) =

3
1
=
6
2

x2 4x x + 4 = 0
x(x 4) 1(x 4) = 0
(x 1)(x 4) = 0
(x 1) = 0 or (x 4) = 0
x = 1 or x = 4

Now, since and are the roots of the

equation, then, we let = 1 and = 4
(Case 1),
1
1
1

= 1

4
41
=
4
3
=
4
Also, let = 4 and = 1 (Case 2),

75

Solution, 2008

then

Since an octagon has 8 sides it implies

it has 8 interior angles. If one of the
interior angles is 100 , and the other
seven interior angles are equal say x ,
then

1
1
1

=
1

4
14
=
4
3
=
4
This shows that

3
4

100 + x + x + x + x + x + x + x = 1080
100 + 7x = 1080
7x = 1080 100
7x = 980
980
x =
= 140
7

or 34 .

Hence,
1
1
3
= ,

4

26. Please see solution to Q16 of 2009 before proceeding.

Recall that for a regular polygon,

This implies that the other 7 equal interior angles are 140 each.
But since:

Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180

I + E = 180
360
and
n=
Exterior angle
where n is the number of sides.
Now,

Interior angle = 160

interior angle + Exterior angle = 180
160 + Exterior angle = 180
Exterior = 180 160 = 20
360
number of sides =
Exterior angle

360
=
= 18 sides, A.
20
27. Please see solution to Q11 of 2012 and
Q16 of 2009 before proceeding.
Recall that an octagon has 8 sides, that
is, n = 8.
Sum of interior angles in an octagon
= (8 2) 180
= 6 180
= 1080

Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180

Exterior angle = 180 Interior angle
= 180 140 = 40
Hence, the exterior angle of each of
the equal interior angles is 40
D.

Question, 2007
1. The interior angles of a pentagon are :
180 , 80 , 118 , 78 and x. The value of
x is
A. 75 B. 108 C. 120 D. 134
2. All the vertices of an isosceles triangle lie on a circle and each of the base
angles of the triangle is 65 . The angle
subtended at the centre of the circle by
the base of the triangle is
A. 130 B. 115 C. 100 D. 65

age of their parent is 39 years, the average age of the whole family is
A. 20 years B. 21 years
C. 24 years D. 27 years
8. Simplify


2
6
2
1 + 3 1 + of
3
3
7
8
A. 33

B.

21
11

9. If
1+

C.

33
21

D. 21
8

1
= 5,
1 + 1+1 1
x

3. A square tile measures 20cm by 20cm.

How many of such tiles will cover a
floor diameter of the sphere?
A. 500 B. 400 C. 320 D. 250
4. The volume of a certian sphere is numerically equal to twice its surface
area. The diameter of the sphere
is

A. 6 B. 9 C. 12 D. 6
5. A bearing of 310 , expressed as a compass bearing is
A. N 50 W B. N 40 W
C. S40 W
D. S50 W
6. Which of the following specified sets
of data is not necessarily sufficient for
the construction of a triangle?
A. three angles
B. two sides and a right angle
C. two sides and an included angle
D. three sides
7. The average age of the three children
in a family is 9 years. If the average

76

find x
A. 37 B.

7
3

C. 37

D. 73

10. Evaluate x in base 3 if 41x 22x = 17x

A. 11 B. 8 C. 12 D. 22
11. A woman buys 4 bags of rice for N 56
per bag and 3 bags of beans for N 26
per bag using the currency LONI(N )
in base 7. What is the total cost of
the items in another currency MONI
(M ) in base 8?
A. M 224 B. M 114
C. M 340 D. M 440
12. When the price of egg was raised by
N 2 an egg, the number of eggs which
can be bought for N 120 is reduced by
5. The present price of an egg is
A. N 6 B. N 7 C. N 8 D. N 10
13. How long will it take a sum of money
invested at 8% simple interest to double the original sum?
A. 8 years B. 10.5years
C. 12years D. 12.5years

77

Question, 2007

14. The journey from Lagos to Ibadan

usually takes a motorist 1 hour
30minutes. By increasing his average
speed by 20km/hr, the motorist saves
15 minutes. His usual speed in km/hr
is
A. 100 B. 90 C. 85 D. 80
15. The smallest section of a rod which
can be cut exactly into equal sections,
each of either 30cm or 36cm in length
is
A. 90cm B. 180cm
C. 360cm D. 540cm
16. If x = 0.0012+0.00074+0.003174, what
is the difference between x in 2 decimal places and x in 1 significant figure?
A. 0.01 B. 0.0051
C. 0.1 D. 0.005
17. The angle of depression of two points
A and B on a plane field from the top
of a mast connected between A and
B are 30 and 45 respectively. If A
is westward of B, find /AB/ if the
heightof the mast is 1m
from the field.
A. 15 3m B. 5(3 + 3)m

C. 15(1 + 3)m D. 15( 3 1)m

22 speaks Igbo; while 6 speaks neither

Yoruba nor Igbo. How many students
speak Yoruba and Igbo?
A. 96 B. 8 C. 64 D. 12
21. A bag contains 5 yellow balls, 6 green
balls and 9 black balls. A ball is drawn
from the bag. What is the probability
that it is black or yellow balls?
77
27
B. 172
C. 200
D. 172
A. 160
400
200
The table below shows the distribution of weight measure for 100 students
Weight(kg)
60 62
63 65
66 68
69 71
72 74

F
5
18
42
27
8

22. Calculate the mean of the distribution

to two decimal places.
A. 64.45 B. 62.45
C. 65.45 D. 65.45
23. Calculate the mode of the distribution
to two decimal places.
A. 67.33 B. 65.33
C. 65.53 D. 67.35

18. The radius of a circle is given as 10cm

subject to an error of 0.2cm. The error
in the area of the circle is
A. 41 % B. 15 % C. 2% D. 4%
19. If is acute, evaluate
cos(90 ) + sin(180 )
cos(180 ) sin(90 )
A. tan
C. cot

B. tan
D. cot

20. In a survery of 100 students in an institution. 80 students speak Yoruba,

24. T 0 Q is a tangent to the circle ABCDT ,

DT Q = 40 , AT T 0 = 30 , then
AT D is
A. 70 B. 90 C. 250 D. 110

78

Solution, 2007

Solution, 2007
1. Please see solution of Q11 of 2012 before proceeding.
Recall that a pentagon has 5 sides, that
is, n = 5
Sum of interior angles in a pentagon
= (5 2) 180
= 3 180
= 540
Since the interior angles in the pentagon are 180 , 80 , 118 , 78 and x ,
then
180 + 80 + 118 + 78 + x = 540
456 + x = 540
x = 540 456
x = 84
2. Note

so the angle at the circumference, =

50
Since BOC = 2BAC, the
Angle at the center, BOC = 2 50
= 100
Hence, the angle subtended at the
center of the circle by the base of the
triangle is 100 ,
C.
3. Note that

BOC = 2BAC, {angle at the center= twice the angle at the circumference}.
Now,
Considering the isosceles triangle
ABC,
65 + 65 + = 180
+ 130 = 180
= 180 130
= 50

Area of a square of side, l = l2 ,

Perimeter of a square of side, l = 4l,
Area of a rectangular floor of length, l
and breath B , is = l B.
Now, length of the rectangular floor
is, l = 5m = 500cm and breath of the
floor is b = 4m = 400cm
Area of the rectangular floor = l b
= 500 400
= 200000cm2

79

Solution, 2007

So,
Number of tiles
Area of rectangular floor
=
Area of square tiles
200000cm2
=
400cm2
= 500 tiles

4
Volume of a sphere = r3 ,
3
Curve surface area of a sphere = 4r2 .

6. A triangle has 3 sides and 3 angles.

In construction,at least one side of the
triangle must be given in order to construct the triangle. When you are
given the three angles only, without
any side, the data is not necessarily
sufficient for the construction of the
triangle.
A.

Now, the volume of the sphere equals

twice its surface area implies that

7. Please see solution to Q12 of 2008 before proceeding. Recall:

Hence, 500 tiles will fit into the rectangular floor.

A.
4. We note that

4 3
r = 2(4r2 )
3

Average age of n people

Total age of n people
=
n

4 3
r = 2 4r2
3
4 3
r = 8
r2

3
83
r3
=
2
r
4
r=6

Let the total age of the 3 children be T1

then,
Average age of the children =
T1
3
T1 = 3 9 years
T1 = 27 years.
9=

But,
diameter = 2 radius
= 26
= 12 units,

T1
3

5. 310 = N 50 W , in compass bearing.

We note that you measure the angle
(310 ) from the North and move in
clockwise direction. Each quadrant is
90 .
The angle must be located near the
north or south as the case may be.
A.

Let the total age of the parents (2) be

T2 , then
Average age of parents =

T2
2

T2
2
T2 = 39 2 years
T2 = 78 years
39 years =

The whole family comprises the 3

children and the 2 parents making 5

80

Solution, 2007

people in total and the total age of

the whole family will be T1 + T2 =
27 years + 78 years = 105 years.

Division comes next in BODMAS, so

we solve it next
2
7
3
3
11
2 21
=1+
3 11
=1+

Average age of the whole family

Total ages
=
5
105 years
Next, Addition comes before subtrac=
5
tion in BODMAS, so
= 21 years
2 21
=1+
Hence, the average age of the whole
3 11
3 + 2 21
family is 21 years,
B.

=
3
11
8.
5 21


=
2
2
6
3 11
1 + 3 1 + of
.
3
3
7
8
= ,
A.
33
Using BODMAS, which shows the sequence any question like the form
9.
above will be solved.
1
1+
=5
B = We solve the fractions in bracket before
1 + 1+1 1
x
any other
1
0
0
O = We deal with the of part which
=51=4
1 + 1+1 1
x
means multiplication, next
4
1
D = Division is next
=
1
1
1 + 1+ 1
M = Multiplication follows
x


1
A = Addition follows
1=4 1+
1 + x1
S = Subtraction is treated last
4
1=4+
We treat the fractions in bracket first.
1 + x1
For the fractions in bracket, we still
4
14=
have two signs + and of but of comes
1 + x1
first in BODM AS. So
3
4
=
6
2 6
4
2
1
1 + x1
of = =
3
7
3 7
7


2
4
=1+ 3 1+
3
7
2
11
=1+ 3
3
7

81

Solution, 2007

We have,

So that,


1
3 1 +
x


=4

3
=4
x
3
=4+3=7
x
3
=7
x

On crossmultiplication, we have
(3)(1) = (7)(x)
3 = 7x
3
x=
7
Hence,

3
x= ,
7

10.
41x 22x = 17x
To find x, we first convert the numbers from base x to numbers in base
10, then we convert the x, we obtained
in base 10 to number in base 3. To convert from any base (x in this case) to
base 10 follow these steps
41x = 4 x1 + 1 x0
= 4x + 1 1
= (4x + 1)10
22x = 2 x1 + 2 x0
= 2x + 2 1
= (2x + 2)10
17x = 1 + x1 + 7 x0
=x+7

41x 22x = 17x becomes

4x + 1 (2x + 2) = x + 7
4x + 1 2x 2 = x + 7
2x 1 = x + 7
2x x = 7 + 1
x=8
This mean that the question was originally in base 8. Now to convert x = 8
in base 10 to x in base 3, we follow
these steps: We divide the number
3
3

8
2 remainder 2
0 remainder 2

we want to convert from base 10 by

the base we desire (here 3) and take
note of the remainders of this division counted upwards, from the lowest placed reminder, that is, x = 810 =
223
Hence,
x = 22three ,

11. Note: Please see solution to Q1 of 2012

before proceeding.
LONI (N ) is a currency in base
7, which mean that all estimating
with LONI will be in base 7.
MONI(M ) is a currency in base 8,
which means that all calculations with
MONI will be in base 8
If one bag of rice costs N 567
4 bags of rice cost = N 567 4 = N 3237
(that is, 6 4 = 24 = 7(3) + 3, write
3(the reminder), carry 3, 54 = 20; +3

82

Solution, 2007

(carried) = 23 = 7(3) + 2, write 2 (the

reminder), carry 3 and write the 3 carried.)

2) and the number of eggs which can

be bought with N 120 reduced by 5 implies = (y 5) number of eggs, then
N 120
=y5
N (x + 2)

If one bag of beans costs N 267

3 bags of beans cost = N 267 3 = N 1147

Substitute equation (i) into equation

(ii),we have

The total cost of the items in LONI(N) is

= N 3237 + N 1147 = N 4407
We convert 4407 to base 8 in order
to obtain the cost of the items in
MONI(M) currency.
We first convert 4407 to base 10 as follows:
4407 = 4 72 + 4 71 + 0 70
= 4 49 + 4 7 + 0 1
= 196 + 28 + 0
= 22410

224
28 rm
3
rm
0
rm

12. Let the initial price of an egg be N x.

Let the number of eggs that can be
bought with N 120 for the price of N x
per egg be y, then
N 120
=y
Nx

On cross multiplying, we have

120(x) = (120 5x)(x + 2)
120x = 120x + 2(120) 5x(x) 5x(2)
120x = 120x + 240 5x2 10x
120x 120x + 5x2 + 10x 240 = 0
5x2 + 10x 240 = 0

x2 + 2x 48 = 0

0
4
3

N 4407 = 22410 = M 3408 ,

120
120
=
5
x+2
x
120
120 5x
=
x+2
x

Dividing through by 5 gives

We now convert 22410 to a number in

base 8. Hence,
8
8
8

(ii)

(i)

Now, when the price is raised by N 2,

the price becomes = N x+N 2 = N (x+

Solving this quadratic equation gives;

x2 + 8x 6x 48 = 0
x(x + 8) 6(x + 8) = 0
(x 6)(x + 8) = 0
(x 6) = 0 or x + 8 = 0
x = 6 or x = 8
Since price N x cannot be negative,
then x = N 6. But x = N 6 was the
initial price and the present price is
N (x + 2) = N (6 + 2) = N 8,

C.

13. Please see solution to Q23 of 2009 before proceeding.

Simple interest,
P RT
Principal Rate Time
=
I=
100
100

83

Solution, 2007

R = 8%, let the time be x, T = x years.

When the money invested (Principal)
doubles, then it means that simple interest= Principal, that is, I = P

By increasing his average speed by

20 km, the new speed becomes, (x +
20)km/hrs, and since the motorists
saves 15 minutes (15mins = 14 hrs) doing so, the new time, t becomes,
RT
P RT


, which implies that 1 =
I=P =
5
3 1
100
100

hours = hours.
t=
RT = 100
2 4
4
8 T = 100, which implies that
The distance covered for these
100
changes in speed x is still the distance
T =
= 12.5 years, D.
8
from Lagos to Ibadan, which is z1 .
So,

14. Please see the solution to Q7 of 2008

before proceeding.
Recall:
Speed (km/hr) =

z1 = new speed new time

5
= (x + 20) km/hr hours
4

distance(km)
time(hrs)

5
(ii)
z1 = (x + 20) km
4
Combining equations (i) and (ii) gives

Let the usual speed be x km/hr. The

distance in km from Lagos to Ibadan
is fixed and constant, no matter what
speed was used, so let the distance be
z1 .
Now,
distance (km) = speed (km/hr) time (hrs)
at the usual speed x km/hr,
distance, z1 = x 1 hr 30 mins
We convert 1 hr 30 mins to hours;
60 mins = 1 hr
1
30 mins = hrs
2
1
1 hr 30 mins = 1 + hrs
2
3
= hrs
2

Hence, the usual speed is 100 km/hr

A.
15. This means we should find the length
of the smallest rod which can be cut
into smaller, equal, sections of length
30cm or 36cm.

so that,
Z1 = x

3
3
= x km
2
2

3
5
z1 = x = (x + 20) km
2
4

(3x)4 = 2 5(x + 20)
12x = 10(x + 20)
12x = 10x + 200
12x 10x = 200
2x = 200
x = 100 km/hrs

(i)

To do this, we simply find the

lowest common multiple of the two
lengths which is obtained as follows

84

Solution, 2007

2
2
3
3
5

30
15
15
5
5
1

36
18
9
3
1
1

Note: |AB| = |AC| + |CB|.

So considering 4ACD,
tan 30 =

15m
3
|AC| =
= 15m

tan 30
3
45
15 3
=
|AC| =
3
3

LCM (30, 36) = 2 2 3 3 5

=495
= 36 5
= 180cm

On rationalizing,

45
3
45 3
|AC| = =
= 15 3m
3
3
3

So, the length of the smallest rod

which can be cut into smaller, equal
sections of length 30cm or 36cm is
180cm, B
16.

Considering, 4BCD,
tan 45 =

0.0012
+ 0.00074
+ 0.003174
0.005114
The answer x = 0.005114 to 2 decimal
places is 0.01 (that is, two digits after
the decimal point and round up the
third digit). The answer x = 0.005114
to 1 significant figure is 0.005 (that is,
the first natural number in the number and round up the next). The difference is = 0.01 0.005 = 0.005, D.

17. Note the diagrams

15m
|AC|

|CB| =

15m
|CB|

15m
= 15 1 = 15m
tan 45

Now,
|AB| = |AC| + |CB|

= 15 3m + 15m

= 15( 3 + 1)m
Hence, |AB| = 15(1 +

3)m,

18.
Area of a circle = r2 ,
where r is the radius of the circle. Let
A represents the area and 4A the error in the area of the circle. Let r represent the radius and 4r the error in the
radius of the circle. r = 10cm, 4r =
0.2cm
A = r2 = (10cm)2 = (100cm2 ) = 100cm2

From the alternating angles being

equal, we have

4A
2r
4r

85

Solution, 2007

(i.e the derivative of A = r2 with respect to r.)

4A = 2r 4 r = 2 10 0.2
= 4cm2
Error in area
100
Original area
4A 100

=
A
1

4
cm2
100

= 

100
cm2
1

= 4%

% error in the area =

Hence, the % error in the area of the

circle is 4%,
D.
19. Please see solution to Q2 of 2011 before proceeding.
Note these facts

cos(90 ) = sin
sin(90 ) = cos
Now, (180 ) is an angle in the second quadrant and only sine is positive
in the 2nd quadrant, others are negative, so
sin(180 ) = sin
cos(180 ) = cos
tan(180 ) = tan
Using all the above information we
have
cos(90 ) + sin(180 )
cos(180 ) sin(90 )
sin + sin
=
cos cos
2 sin
=
2 cos
sin
=
cos
= tan ,
B.

Note that
tan =

1

= cos
.
tan
sin

sin
,
cos

cot =

20. Please see solution to Q13 of 2008 before proceeding.

Let the universal set be U, then n(U) =
100. Let Y represents the students
who speak Yoruba, then n(Y ) = 80.
Let I represents the students who
speak Igbo, then n(I) = 22, then Y 0 I 0
represents the students speaking neither Yoruba nor Igbo, and n(Y 0 I 0 ) =
6. Also Y I represents the students
speaking both Yoruba and Igbo.
Let n(Y I) = x and recall that
n(U) = n(Y )+n(I)n(Y I)+n(Y 0 I 0 ).
So
100 = 80 + 22 x + 6
100 = 102 x + 6
100 = 108 x
x = 108 100 = 8
Hence, x = 8 students, speaks both
Yoruba and Igbo.
B.
21. Please see solution to Q14 of 2012, and
Q8 of 2009 before proceeding.
Yellow balls = 5
Green balls = 6
Black balls = 9
Total balls = 5 + 6 + 9 = 20 balls
Probability of picking a Black ball
Number of Black balls
=
Total number of balls
9
20
5
1
P (yellow ball) =
=
20
4
P (black ball) =

86

Solution, 2007

We note that in probability or mathematics, 0 or0 , means addition and 0 and0

means multiplication.
Now, the probability of picking a
black ball or yellow ball is,
P (black or yellow ball)
= P (black ball) + P (yellow ball)
1
9
+
=
20 4
14
=
20
7
=
10
Hence, the probability that it is a black
7
.
or yellow ball is 10

Class
Interval (kg)
60 62
63 65
66 68
69 71
72 74

22. We note that

n
X

Mean, x =

f i xi

i=1
n
X

fi

i=1

where x represents the mean, xi is the

individual class mark and fi is the frequency of each class mark.
Class mark
Lower class limit + Upper class limit
=
2
Example; for the class interval 60 62
of the weight in kg
60 + 62
122
Class mark =
=
= 61 kg
2
2
Now,
5
X

fi xi = 305 + 1152 + 2814 + 1890 + 584

i=1

= 6745
5
X

fi = 5 + 18 + 42 + 27 + 8

i=1

= 100

Class
Mark(xi)
61
64
67
70
73
5
X

Mean, x =

frequency
(fi )
5
18
42
27
8

f i xi

i=1
5
X

f i xi
305
1152
2814
1890
584

6745
= 67.45 kg
100

fi

i=1

Hence, the mean of the distribution to

two decimal places is 67.45 kg, C.
23. Note: Mode is the weight with the
highest frequency.


dfb
Mode = L1 +
c
dfb + dfa
where
L1 is the lower class boundary of the
modal class.
dfb is the difference between the frequency of the modal class and the frequency before it.
dfa is the difference between the frequency of the modal class and the frequency after it.
c is the class size. Modal class is
the class interval with the highest frequency.
Now, from the table, the highest frequency is 42, f = 42. The corresponding class interval to frequency 42 is
66 68. To obtain the class boundary
from the class interval, we subtract 0.5
from the lower class limit 66 and add
0.5 to the upper class limit 68 to obtain:
Modal class Boundary = 65.5 68.5

87

Solution, 2007

Now,
L1 = 65.5
dfb = 42 18 = 24
dfa = 42 27 = 15
We note that 18 is the frequency before
the modal frequency 42 and 27 is the
frequency after the modal frequency
42. The class size c is the difference between the upper class boundary and
the lower class boundary, i.e
c = 68.5 65.5 = 3
Now,



24
Mode = 65.5 +
3
24 + 15
 
24
= 65.5 +
3
39
 
24
= 65.5 +
13
= 65.5 + 1.846
= 67.346
Mode= 67.35 to 2 decimal places.
24. Observe that AT T 0 = 30 , DT Q =
40 and AT D are all in a straight
line T 0 T Q. But the sum of angles in
a straight line is 180 ,

AT T 0 + DT Q + AT D = 180
30 + 40 + AT D = 180
70 + AT D = 180
AT D = 180 70
AT D = 110
Hence, AT D is 110

Question, 2006
1. Solve for p in the following equation
given in base two 11(P +110) = 1001P
A. 10 B. 11 C. 110 D. 111
2. Factorize 16(3x + 2y)2 25(a + 2b)2
A. (12x+8y 5a10b)(12x+8y 5a
10b)
B. 20(3x+2ya2b)(3x+2y+a+2b)
C. (12x+8y +5a+10b)(12x+8y 5a
10b)
D. 20(3x + 2y + a + 2b)(3x + 2y + a + 2b)
3. A cone has a base radius 4cm and
height 3cm. The area of its curved surface is
A. 12cm2 B. 24cm2
C. 20cm2 D. 15cm2
4. Let log
y + log 3 =
3, then y is
2
x 2
A. 10
B. 10
x



1
x 2
2
C. 10
D. 10
x
5. If

8. In a class, 37 student take at least one

of chemistry, Economics and Government, 8 students take Chemistry, 19
take Economics and 25 take Government. 12 students take Economics and
Government but nobody takes Chemistry and Economics. How many students take both chemistry and Government?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
9. Z is partly constant and partly varies
inversely as the square of d. When d =
1, z = 11 and when d = 2, z = 5. Find
the value of z when d = 4
A. 2 B. 3.5 C. 5 D. 5.5

x2 y 2
2 =1
a2
b

then y
is
A. ab a2 x2

C. ab a2 x2

7. A business invested a total of

N 200, 000 in two companies which
paid dividends of 5% and 7% respectively. If he received a total of
N 11, 600 dividend, how much did he
invest at 5%?
A. N 160, 000 B. N 140, 000
C. N 120, 000 D. N 80, 000

10. Expand the expression

(x2 2x 5)(x2 + x + 1)

B. ab x2 a2

D. ab x2 a2

6. A cyclist rode for 30 minutes at

xkm/hr and due to a breakdown he
had to push the bike for 2 hrs at (x
5) km/hr . If the total distance covered
is less than 60 km, what is the range of
values for x?
A. x < 14 B. x < 20
C. x < 29 D. x < 28
88

A. x4 4x3 5x 3
B. x3 4x2 + 5x 3
C. x4 x3 4x2 5x 3
D. x4 4x2 5x 3
Suppose
 we have
 matrices

1 1
0 2
A=
and B =
2 3
4 3

89

Question, 2006

2
11. Find
2A 
 A + AB 

5 9
1 4
A.
B.
7 
 12 14 
8
4 4
0 4
C.
D.
12 13
8 6

12. The inverse

of 
matrix 
B is


1 3 2
3 2
A.
B.
4 0 
8  4 0 

1
3 4
1 0
D.
C.
0 1
8 2 0
13. The indefinite integral of the function
f (x) = x cos x
for any constant k is
A. cos x+sin x+k B. x sin xcos x
C. x sin x + cos x + k D. x + sin x +
cos x + k
14. Evaluate the integral
Z 2
1
(x2 + )dx
x
1
A.
C.

8
+ ln 2
3
7
ln 3
3

B. 73 + ln 2
D. 83

15. The trigonometric expression

cos 2A + sin 2A can be written as
A. cos A(cos A sin A)
B. cos2 A + sin2 A 2 sin A cos A
C. 2 sin A cos A + cos2 A + sin2 A
D. cos2 A + sin2 A 2 sin A cos A
Suppose D, E and P are subsets of
a universal set U. Let U be the set
of natural numbers not greater than
10, while D, E and P are respectively
the set of odd numbers, even numbers
and prime numbers. For any set X, its
complementary X 0 and denote the
empty set.
16. Display the set D0 P
A. {3, 5, 7} B. {2}
C. {4, 6, 8, 10} D. {2, 3, 5, 7}

17. Find D E
A. {2} B. {2, 3}
C. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

D. {}

A big contains 10 balls of which 3 are

red and 7 are white. Two balls are
drawn at random. Find the probability that none of the balls is red if the
draw is
18. With replacement
A. 0.9 B. 1 C. 0.4

D. 0.49

19. Without replacement

A. 0.1 B. 0.47 C. 0.42

D. 0.21

20. A regular polygon has each of its angle as 160 . What is the number of side
of the polygon?
A. 36 B. 9 C. 18 D. 20
21. A girl walks 30m from a point P on a
bearing of 040 to a point Q. She then
walks 30m on a bearing of 140 to a
point R. The bearing of R from P is
A. 90 B. 50 C. 45 D. 40
22. How many different three digits numbers can be formed using the integers
1 to 6 if no integer occurs twice in a
number?
A. 24 B. 120 C. 60 D. 48
23. In how many different ways can the
letters of the word GEOLOGY be arranged in order?
A. 720 B. 1260 C. 2520 D. 5040

90

Solution, 2006

Solution, 2006

since there is nothing to subtract from

it. So we have 1102 .

1. Please see solution to Q1 of 2012, Q10

of 2011 and Q10 and Q11 of 2007 before proceeding.

Now,

112 (P2 + 1102 ) = (10012 )P2

This equation is in base 2. On expanding,

Hence, P2 = 112 ,

112 P2 + 112 (110)2 = (10012 )P2

2. The question is the same as Q2 of

2008. Please see solution

1102
112
110
110
100102

3. The question is the same as Q3 of

2008.

But,

So we have
112 P2 + 100102 = 10012 P2
On collecting like terms, we obtain
100102 = 10012 P2 112 P2
10012 P2 112 P2 = 100102
(10012 112 )P2 = 100102
But

(1102 )P2 = 100102

100102
1810
P2 =
=
1102
610
P2 = 310 = 112 ,

10012
112
1102

(That is, starting from the last digits,

1 1 = 0, 0 1 is not possible, perhaps, so we borrow a 1 from the next
number which is not 0, but from the
first digit 1, so that the zero beside
the 1 becomes 2, borrowed 1 from this
2 and we have one left and the borrowed 1 added to the digit 0 to make
2 and now 2 1 = 1. Then the remaining one from the two is written down,

4. The question is the same as Q5 of

2008.
5. The question is the same as Q6 of
2008.
6. The question is the same as Q7 of 2008
7. Question is similar to Q8 of 2010, but
with a little modification. Please see
solution before proceeding.
Recall that the amount invested at 7%
was N 80, 000
Now, we find the amount invested
at 5%. Since the total amount invested was N 200, 000 in two companies which paid dividends of 5% and
7% respectively, then the amount invested at 5% = N 200, 000 Amount
invested at 7%
Amount at 5% = N 200, 000 Amount at 7%
= N 200, 000 N 80, 000
= N 120, 000
Hence, the amount invested at 5% is
N 120, 000,
C.

91

Solution, 2006

8. Please see solution to Q13 and Q14 of

2008 before proceeding.
Let U represent the students in the
class, then n(U) = 37. Let C represent
the students taking chemistry, then
n(C) = 8. Let E represent the students taking Economics, then n(E) =
19. Let G represent the students taking Governments, then n(G) = 25.
Observe that E G will represent
students taking both Economics and
Government, then n(E G) = 12.
Also C E represents students taking
both Chemistry and Economics, then
n(C E) = 0.

which implies that

37 = 8 + 17 + 25 0 12 x + 0 + 0
37 = 52 12 x
37 = 40 x
x = 40 37
x=3
Hence, the number of students taking
both Chemistry and Government is 3
Students,
A.
9. Please see the solution to Q11 of 2009
before proceeding.
Note:

Also C G will represent students taking both Chemistry and Government.

Let n(C G) = x.

(a) When they say A is partly constant and partly varies, directly
as B, this means

Observe that all of the students take

at least one of the 3 subjects, which
means n(C 0 E 0 G0 ) = 0. Since
n(C E) = 0, then number of students
taking all three subjects are also zero,
that is, n(C E G) = 0.

i. A = k, where k is a constant
and
ii. A B
(direct variation)
A = QB where Q is the constant of proportionality. The
two clauses together gives,

Note: For three sets A, B, C in the universal set U

n(U) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)
n(A B) n(A C) n(B C)
+ n(A B C) + n(A0 B 0 C 0 )
In our case, C, E, G in the universal set
U,
n(U) = n(C) + n(E) + n(G)
n(C E) n(E G) n(C G)
+ n(C E G) + n(C 0 E 0 G0 )

A = k + QB
where k and Q are constants.
(b) When they say A is partly constant and partly varies inversely
as B, this means
i. A = K, where k is a constant
(Inverse variaii. A B1
tion)
Q
A = B
where Q is the constant of proportionality.
A=k+

Q
B

where k and Q are constants.

92

Solution, 2006

In our case:

10. Note:
Z=K+

Q
d2

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d)

= ac + ad + bc + bd

where K and Q are constants.

Now,

When d = 1, z = 11, we have

11 = K +

Q
= k + Q = 11
12

(i)

When d = 2, z = 5, we have
5=k+

Q
Q
=K+ =5
2
2
4

(ii)

We solve the simultaneous equations

using elimination method, as follows;
Subtract (ii) from (i), gives
Q

Q
=6
4

3
Q = 6 = 3Q = 6 4
4
24
Q=
=8
3
From equation (i),
K + Q = 11, so that
K + 8 = 11
k = 11 8 = 3
Which implies K = 3, Q = 8.
Now, the equation connecting Z and
d2 is
8
Z =3+ 2
d
To find Z when d = 4, we have,
Z =3+

8
8
1
=
3
+
=
3
+
42
16
2
7
Z = = 3.5
2

Hence, Z = 3.5,

B.

(x2 2x 3)(x2 + x + 1)
= x2 (x2 + x + 1) 2x(x2 + x + 1) 3(x2 + x +
= x4 + x3 + x2 2x3 2x2 2x 3x2 3x
Collecting like terms give,
= x4 + x3 2x3 + x2 2x2 3x2 2x 3x
= x4 x3 4x2 5x 3
Hence,
(x2 2x3)(x2 +x+1) = x4 x3 4x2 5x3,
11. Question is the same as Q15 of 2008.
Kindly see the solution in the solution
to Q15 of 2008.
12. Note: If

A=

a b
c d

is a matrix, then the determinant of A,

|A| = ad bc and the adjoint of A,


d b
Adj(A) =
c a
and the Inverse of A, is
A

Adj A
1
=
=
|A|
ad bc

Now;


B=

0 2
4 3

d b
c a

|B| = 0(3) 2(4)

=08
= 8

93

Solution, 2006


Adj (B) =

3 2
4 0

14. Question is the same as Q16 of 2008.

15. Question is the same as Q20 of 2008.

B 1

1
3 2
16. Question is the same as Q18 of 2008.
B 1 =
8 4 0



 17. Question is the same as Q19 of 2008.
1
1 3 2
3 2
=
=
4 0
4 0
8
8
18. Question is the same as Q21 of 2008.

Hence, the inverse of B,



1 3 2
1
,
B =
4 0
8

19. Question is the same as Q22 of 2008.

20. Question is the same as Q26 of 2008.

13. Please see the solution to Q17 of 2010

before proceeding.

21. Please see solution to Q5 of 2007 and

Q12 of 2012 before proceeding.

Using similar integration by part.

Since, we have to integrate a product
of two functions x cos x = f (x)g(x).
Recall:
Z

Z
udv = uv

Now,

vdu
The bearing of R from P is the sum of
angles from the north of P to the line
connecting P to R, which is 90

Z
x cos xdx

Let
u = x,

dv = cos xdx
Z
du
= 1 = du = 1dx, v = cos xdx
dx
then du = 1dx, v = sin x
which implies
Z
Z
x cos xdx = x sin x sin x 1dx

Also, the point R is directly east of

P since they both have the same distance from Q, so its bearing is 90 ,
A.
22. We note that the number of permutation
n!
n
Pr =
(n r)!
where n! = n (n 1)(n 2) 1.
Example
4! = 4 (4 1) (4 2) (4 3)
=4321
= 24

= x sin x ( cos x) + K

Hence,
Z
x cos xdx = x sin x+cos x+K,

C.

Pr is used to know the different ways

we can have the arrangement of r digits out of n digits.

94

Solution, 2006

Now, in the question; r = 3, n = 6

6

6!
(6 3)!
654321
=
3!
654321
=
321
=654
= 120 ways

P3 =

Hence, there are 120 different 3 digits numbers that can be formed using
numbers from 1 to 6.
B
23. We note that to arrange a total of 10
letters with 3 different letters appears
twice (say), then the number of ways
of arrangement is
=

10!
ways
2!2!2!

In our case; GEOLOGY has 7 letters

in total with G and O both appearing
twice, we have then
7!
2!2!
7654321
=
(2 1)(2 1)
=76523
= 210 6
= 1260 ways
B

Arrangements =