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Characterized by permanent
magnets on rotor
Known for its simplicity and
low maintenance
No copper loss on rotor
High efficiency
surface radial
magnet
surface parallel
magnet
breadloaf
magnet
ring
magnet
Toyota Prius
MS-TECH Japan
1.
2.
3.
4.
J. F. Gieras, Permanent Magnet Motor Technology Design and Applications, 3rd Edition, p. 282, CRC
Press, 2010.
2
J. R. Hendershot and T. J. E. Miller,
Design of Brushless Permanent Magnet
Machines 2nd Edition, p. 34, Motor
Design Books LLC, 2010.
Rotor Skew
stepped magnet
radial magnetization
most popular
radial magnetization
45
90 135
180
d
radial magnetization
parallel magnetization
radial magnetization
Bg , rotor
PM
Bm
Bm
PM
PM
PM
electrical angle
PM
2
2
PM
2
de
PM
parallel magnetization
Bg , rotor
PM
Bm
PM
PM
PM
2
2
PM
2
de
FEA
Rotor is outside
Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Motor (PMSM)
Design
Dl
V0
T
Pout
Typically
Destimated (TV0 )
1
3
/P
pole pitch
Bg ( a ) ris d a
D 2 /2
l Bg , pk cos( ae )d ae
2 P 0
D
lBg , pk
P
Bcore
core DBg , pk
=
d cl
Pd c
(1)
tooth l Bg ( ae ) rd
i ae Bg , pk s l
0
Btooth
Take
tooth s Bg , pk
ts l
ts
(2)
D
1.6 P
pk
2 Bg , pk Dl
P
N a kw N a / 1.1
k w k p kd k s
N a PqN c / C
Nc
1.1V ,ratedC
2 2f e qk w Bg , pk Dl
s
ts
bs 0
d s 0d s1
ds
D
S
0.4 s ts 0.6 s
3ts d s 7ts
Define bs s ts
bs 0 (0.1 ~ 0.5)bs
d s 0 (0.1 ~ 0.5)bs
d s1 (0.1 ~ 0.5)bs
J s ,copper
I a ,rated / C
Sa
Sa
I a ,rated / C
J s ,copper
Permanent Magnets
Copper loss
Typical
PCu I 2 R
Stray losses
Hysteresis loss
Eddy Current loss
PIron h B f
n
Mechanical loss
Windage loss
Friction loss
c ( Bf ) e ( Bf )
2
3/ 2
Fundamental harmonic
dm
Da
Poles
2 H g g 2 H m d m 0 gBg 0 H m d m 0
m Bm Am
g Bg Ag
dm
Bm kl Am
g
0 H m Ag
g kl m
kl : Leakage Coefficient
Br
BmR
0 H c
0 H mR
Br
B
(H Hc )
Hc
0 H
Br
BH
(H H c )H
Hc
( BH )
Br
Hc
0 Bm
, Hm
H
2
2
rm
Br
0 H c
1 rm 1.2
Load Line:
Bm
d m Ag
0 H m
g kl Am
Pc 0 H m
Define: Bm m Br
Ag / g
Bm
d m Ag
Rm Pg
Pc
0 H m
g kl Am kl Am / d m Rg Pm
H m (1 m ) H c
0.9
Pc
Bm
m
0 H m 1 m rm
Bg , rotor
PM
Bm
Bm
PM
PM
Bg , rotor
BRh
h 1,3,5...
PM PM
2
2
2 PM
2
BRh
PM
electrical angle
de
de
P
d
2
P
Brh cos( h de ) Brh cos( h d )
2
PM /2
2 PM /2
B
cos(
h
)
d
( Bm ) cos( h ae )d ae
m
ae
ae
PM /2
2 PM /2
pitch factor for
sin h PM
4
th harmonic
2 B
h
h
k ph sin h PM
2
Brh
the
Phasor Diagram
B net
jX S I A
BS
BR
EA
Br , pk
4 PM
sin
2
Bm
4 0 N a
1.5 2 I A,rated
g total P
From:
g total k c g 'total
4 0 N a
1.5 2 I A,rated
Ba , pk P
g 'total g d m / rm
dm
k A
Pc l m
g
Ag
Pc
Carters coefficient
can obtain g and d m
rmg
m
rm
1 m
s
2
bs 0
2bs 0
bs 0
g 'total
ln 1
atan
2 g 'total
bs 0
2
g
'
total
approximately
kc
s
bs20
s
5 g 'total bs 0
ts
g total
bs 0
d s 0d s1
ds
Rotor Sizing
Total rotor diameter, including magnet
Di Dr 2d m
Dr D 2 g
Prototype
Rotor is assembled by
heating and cooling.
Rotor is welded and
well balanced after
assembly.
2 g eff H g H m Dr 0
( Ag Am )
2 g eff Bm 0 H m Dr 0
Dr
Dr / 2
Bm
Pc
g eff
0 H m
Carters coefficient
g eff
g eff
S
(
Dr D
2
2
1
1 Dr
D
1 Dr
)
kc
k c (1
)
Pc
rm 2
2
rm 2
Dr
Define: Bm m Br
Dr
Dr
kc ( g
)
2 rm
2 rm
kc
1
1 kc
kc
Pc
rm
H m (1 m ) H c
0.9
Pc
D Dr
2
Bm
m
0 H m 1 m rm
g total g eff
Dr
,
2 rm
g 'total g
s
2
2bs 0
bs 0
g 'total
bs 0
ln 1
atan
2 g 'total
bs 0
2 g 'total
approximately
kc
s
bs20
s
5 g 'total bs 0
ts
bs 0
s
g total
d s 0d s1
ds
Dr
2 rm
Example - Specifications
Design a 2kW, 100krpm, NdFeB-38 PMSM, 2 pole
36 V terminal voltage, Y connected, 90% efficiency.