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16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
Prepared By:
David R. Dearth, P.E.
Slide 1 of 19
Introduction
16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
Kachlakev et. al. 2001 (1.) tested a reinforced concrete (RC) Control Beam used for
baseline calibration of analysis to compute effects of adding fiber reinforced polymer
(FRP) composites to strengthen full-size reinforced concrete beams. The purpose of the
original work was to predict improvements to adding FRP composite reinforcement
similar to the transverse beams use at the Horsetail Creek Bridge. The beams were
fabricated and tested at Oregon State University (Kachlakev and McCurry 2000).
The purpose of this summary is to present results of revising the RC Control Beam
and computing the load deflection curve using MSC/Marc for comparison to the
experimental test data. Results using Ansys and Abaqus are also compared.
As additional information, the loading to produce (a.) initial cracking and (b.) ultimate
capacity is computed using ACI 318.
For comparison purposes the finite element idealization mesh density used in the
Kachlakev paper is reproduced as a closely as possible.
Slide 2 of 19
16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
P/2
Figure 2.13: Typical steel reinforcement locations (not to scale) (McCurry and
Kachlakev 2000)
Applied Analysis & Technology 2013
Slide 3 of 19
X-Y Symmetric
Plane, BC = Tz
16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
Symmetric Loading,
Ptot/4 for Qtr Sym
Idealization
Y-Z Symmetric
Plane, BC = Tx
Vertical Reaction,
BC=Ty
Slide 4 of 19
16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
The concrete is idealized using 3D solid elements. Youngs modulus of elasticity for the concrete is given as:
Note: Plasticity definition data for MSC/Marc is defined as post-yield, or plastic, portion of the stress strain curve; e.g. yield
stress zero net plasticity. Typical engineering data for stress-strain curves are defined as total nominal strain.
Slide 5 of 19
16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
The concrete is idealized using 3D solid elements. Youngs modulus of elasticity for the concrete is given as:
Slide 6 of 19
16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
#5 Rebar at Plane of
Symmetry
Area/2 = 0.155 in2
#5 Rebar at Plane of
Symmetry
Area/2 = 0.155 in2
2- #5 Rebar at Plane of
Symmetry (Merged)
2* (Area/2) = 0.31 in2
#7 Rebar at Plane of
Symmetry
Area/2 = 0.30 in2
#6 Rebar
Area = 0.44 in2
Y-Z Symmetric
Plane, BC = Tx
#7 Rebar
Area = 0.60 in2
Slide 7 of 19
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Slide 8 of 19
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Slide 9 of 19
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Slide 10 of 19
16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
Comparison FEA to Kachlakev Control Beam Test: Ansys, Abaqus & Marc
Slide 11 of 19
References
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Slide 12 of 19
16 September 2013 : D2
Rev x
Appendix A
Summary ACI 318 Hand Calculations & Analysis Notes
Slide 13 of 19
9 September 2013
Ec 57000 fc 2.806 10
The tensile capacity stress of the concrete, fr, is defined using ACI 318 9.5.2.3. This value fr
is also referred to as the modulus of rupture.
fr 7.5 fc 369
inches, Base
bc hc
27680.6
12
inches4
Pcr_gross
fr Ic_gross
hc
2
Mcr_gross
72
675645
in lbs
lbs Total
Page 14 of 19
9 September 2013
To calculate stress in the rebar then Transformed section properties are needed.
Compute modular ratio, n, to be used for transformed inertia
6
Ec 2.806 10
n
Es
Ec
10.336
psi Concrete Es 29 10
psi Steel
Transform area of Steel to equivalent or effective area of concrete, As_eff_Lwr & As_eff_Upr
Lower Steel #6-2 #7-3 As_6 0.44 in2 for each #6 rebar nrebar_6 2 number of #6 rebar
As_7 0.60 in2 for each #7 rebar nrebar_7 3 number of #7 rebar
As_eff_Low n nrebar_6 As_6 nrebar_7 As_7 27.7
Upper Steel #5-2
in2
in2
drebar_U 20
in from Bottom
hc
15.125 in
2
yc_ref
The location of the centroid of area for the effective composite section, concrete & steel rebar
ybar
14.323 inches
measured from the
Lower surface
inches4
2
As_eff_Upr drebar_U ybar
Page 15 of 19
9 September 2013
Compute the equivalent loading, P lbs, to just exceed the maximum allowable concrete tension
stress to initiate first cracking.
Recall: con_elastic fr 369
psi
Using bending equation cr_tr = (Mcr_tr *yc)/Itr, where Mcr_tr = Pcr_tr*72 in-lbs
Mcr_tr
Pcr_tr
fr Itr
hc ybar
Mcr_tr
72
741575
10300
in lbs
lbs Total
The corresponding stress in the steel rebar at this loading is rebar = n(Mcr_tr*yrbar)/Itr
s_elastic
1360
psi
Page 16 of 19
9 September 2013
As_eff_Low
ccrack
bc
bc
2
2
9.243
in
The moment of inertia of this transformed area w.r.t. the neutral axis for "cracked" section is
calculated using the following for Lower reinforcement only in the RC section; i.e Neglecting the 2
#5 Upper Compression Rebar:
bc ccrack 3
2
A
Icrack
s_eff_Low hc drebar_L ccrack 12646
3
inches4
Neglecting Upper
Compression Rebar
Page 17 of 19
9 September 2013
fc
0.929
1000
1 1.05 .05
inches
Mu
72
54710
u 1
au
3939095 in lbs
2
lbs
lbs Total
Page 18 of 19
9 September 2013
Ieff
in lbs
3
Mcr_gross 3
Mcr_gross
Ic_gross 1
Icrack 12722
Mu
Mu
ab 72
in
Lb 3 ab 216 in
in
Pu ab 4 ab2 3 Lb2
24Ec Ieff
0.548
lbs
inches
Note: When the transformed section properties (Itr & Mcr_tr) are used in place of gross (Ic_gross
& Mcr_gross) properties deflections at ultimate loading equal -0.546".
Linear Elastic Deflection at Mid-Span using gross section properties =
ycr_gross
0.043 inches
0.041 inches
Page 19 of 19