Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Which of the following is a correct statement of Snells law for this situation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
At the instant shown, point T is moving downwards. Which arrow gives the
direction of movement of point U at this instant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
D
(1)
3.
Which of the following shows the shape of the string after reflection from the
wall?
(1)
4.
A positive displacement on the graph indicates that the coils of the spring
are displaced to the right of their equilibrium position.
At which position along the spring is the displacement of two adjacent coils
a maximum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
D
(1)
5.
The diagrams below show two standing wave patterns that are set up in a
stretched string fixed at both ends. The frequency of pattern 1 is f1 and that
of pattern 2 is f2.
The ratio is
A.
B.
C.
3.
D.
6.
(1)
6.
B.
C.
D.
all waves.
(1)
7.
A 0.
B.
2A0.
C.
D.
.
(1)
8.
amplitude
A.
decreases
decreases
B.
decreases
constant
C.
constant
decreases
D.
constant
constant
(1)
9.
B.
C.
D.
10. Which two conditions are necessary for observable interference between
two light beams?
A.
meet at a point
B.
C.
same frequency
similar amplitude
D.
similar amplitude
meet at a point
similar amplitude
(1)
speed
A.
V+v
B.
vT
C.
Vv
D.
+ vT
V
(1)
12. The diagram below shows plane wavefronts of a wave that is approaching
the boundary between two media, X and Y. The speed of the wave is greater
in medium X than in medium Y. The wave crosses the boundary.
13. The graph below shows the variation with time t of the separate
displacements d of a medium, at a particular point in the medium due to
two waves, P and Q.
0.0 mm.
B.
1.0 mm.
C.
1.4 mm.
D.
2.0 mm.
(1)
Speed
A.
B.
v
2v
C.
D.
2v
(1)
15. A string with both ends fixed is made to vibrate in the second harmonic
mode as shown by the dashed lines in the diagram below.
Average speed
A.
same
same
B.
same
different
C.
different
same
D.
different
different
(1)
16. The diagram below represents the fundamental (first harmonic) standing
wave of sound inside a pipe.
17. Which of the following best describes the wave speed of a progressive wave
travelling through a medium?
A.
B.
C.
D.
18. Which of the following diagrams best shows the path of a ray of
monochromatic light through a glass prism in air?
(1)
19. Plane parallel wavefronts are incident on an obstacle. Which of the following
diagrams best shows the diffraction of the waves around the obstacle?
(1)
B.
C.
D.
At point P, the path difference between light arriving at P from the two slits
is 4.
Which of the following correctly describes the observed fringe pattern?
nature of fringe at P
number of dark
fringes between O
and P
A.
bright
B.
bright
C.
dark
D.
dark
4
(1)
22. A vibrating tuning fork is held above the top of a tube that is filled with
water. The water gradually runs out of the tube until a maximum loudness of
sound is heard.
Which of the following best shows the standing wave pattern set up in the
tube at this position?
(1)
23. A wave is travelling through a medium. The diagram shows the variation
with time t of the displacement d of a particle of the medium from t = 0 to t
= 25 ms.
Which of the following correctly gives the frequency and the amplitude of
the wave?
frequency / Hz
amplitude / cm
A.
2.0 10
2.0
B.
2.0 10
1.0
C.
50
2.0
D.
50
1.0
(1)
24. A plane wave approaches and passes through the boundary between two
media. The speed of the wave in medium 1 is greater than that in medium
2. Which one of the following diagrams correctly shows the wavefronts?
(1)
25. Waves of frequency f travel with speed c in air and enter a medium M of
refractive index 1.5. Which of the following correctly gives the frequency
and speed of the waves in the medium M?
frequency
speed
A.
B.
1.5c
C.
1.5f
D.
c
(1)
26. The light waves emitted by two coherent sources overlap and form an
observable interference pattern. The word coherent in this situation means
that
A.
B.
C.
D.
27. A police car, sounding its siren, is travelling at constant speed towards a
stationary observer. The sound emitted by the siren is of constant frequency.
The frequency of the sound as heard by the observer is higher than that
heard by the driver of the police car. The reason for this is that
A.
the wavefronts received by the observer are closer together than the
wavefronts received by the driver.
B.
C.
D.
the wavefronts received by the observer are further apart than the
wavefronts received by the driver.
(1)
Which of the following best shows the shape of the wavefronts on the other
side of the barrier?
(1)
29. A string is held horizontally with one end attached to a fixed support. Two
pulses are created at the free end of the string. The pulses are moving
towards the fixed support as shown in the diagram below.
30. A water surface wave (ripple) is travelling to the right on the surface of a
lake. The wave has period T. The diagram below shows the surface of the
lake at a particular instant of time. A piece of cork is floating in the water in
the position shown.
Which is the correct position of the cork a time later?
(1)
31. A source of sound is placed near the open end of a cylindrical tube that lies
on a horizontal table. The tube has some powder sprinkled along its length.
The powder collects in piles along the length of the tube as shown below.
The distance between two consecutive piles of powder is d and the speed of
sound in the tube is v. The frequency of the source is
A.
B.
C.
dv.
D.
2dv.
(1)
32. The diagram below shows two long parallel plates that are oppositely
charged. A positive test charge +q is placed along the dotted line XY.
The charge +q is moved from X to Y. Which one of the following best shows
the variation with distance d from X of the magnitude F of the force on +q?
(1)
Which one of the following graphs best shows the variation with time t of
the frequency f heard by the observer?
(1)
35. A well-insulated container is divided into two equal volumes by a wall. In one
half there is an ideal gas and the other is a vacuum as shown below.
The wall is now removed. Which one of the following correctly gives the
changes, if any, that take place in the internal energy and entropy of the
gas?
Internal energy
Entropy
A.
B.
increases
C.
decreases
D.
decreases
increases
(1)
5.0 cm.
B.
10 cm.
C.
20 cm.
D.
40 cm.
(1)
37. Water waves of wavelength 2.0 m are produced by two sources S 1 and S2.
The sources vibrate in phase.
Point P is 1 m from S1 and 3 m from S2. S1 alone and S2 alone each produce
a wave of amplitude a at P. Which one of the following is the amplitude of
the resultant wave at point P when S1 and S2 are both emitting waves?
A.
2a
B.
C.
D.
Zero
(1)
38. A tube is filled with water and a vibrating tuning fork is held above its open
end.
The tap at the base of the tube is opened. As the water runs out, the sound
is loudest when the water level is a distance x below the top of the tube. A
second loud sound is heard when the water level is a distance y below the
top. Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength
of the sound produced by the tuning fork?
A.
=y
B.
= 2x
C.
=yx
D.
= 2(y x)
(1)
Which one of the following shows the variation with time t of the frequency
f observed at O as the source S approaches and passes by the observer.
(1)
40. Which one of the following correctly describes the change, if any, in the
speed, wavelength and frequency of a light wave as it passes from air into
glass?
Speed
Wavelength
Frequency
A.
decreases
decreases
unchanged
B.
decreases
unchange
d
decreases
C.
unchanged
increases
decreases
D.
increases
increases
unchanged
(1)
B.
C.
D.
42. The diagram below shows a transverse wave on a string. The wave is
moving from right to left.
Point Y
A.
left
left
B.
upwards
upwards
C.
downwards
left
D.
downwards
upwards
(1)
43. Monochromatic light crosses the boundary between two media. Which of the
following quantities is always the same for the light in both media?
A.
Amplitude
B.
Frequency
C.
Speed
D.
Wavelength
(1)
44. A bat approaches an insect of wing span length d. The bat emits a sound
wave. The bat detects the insect if the sound is reflected from the insect.
the insects speed is less than the speed of the sound wave.
B.
the insects wing beat frequency is greater than the frequency of the
sound wave.
C.
the length d is much greater than the wavelength of the sound wave.
D.
the length d is much smaller than the wavelength of the sound wave.
(1)
46. The diagram below shows the arrangement for a Youngs double slit
experiment.
B.
C.
D.
(1)
Which of the following gives the relationship between f0 and the frequency f
of observed sound?
A.
f = 1.1f0
B.
C.
f = 0.9f0
D.
(1)
48. A wave travels from one medium to another. Which of the following is true
about its frequency and wavelength?
Frequency
Wavelength
A.
No change
No change
B.
Change
No change
C.
No change
Change
D.
Change
Change
(1)
49. Which one of the following is correct for transfer of energy along a standing
wave and for amplitude of vibration of the standing wave?
Transfer of energy
alonga standing wave
Amplitude of
vibration ofthe
standing wave
A.
None
Constant amplitude
B.
None
Variable amplitude
C.
Energy is transferred
Constant amplitude
D.
Energy is transferred
Variable amplitude
(1)
50. In order that the light from two sources produces an observable interference
pattern, it is necessary that
A.
B.
C.
D.
51. The speed of sound in still air is c. A source of sound moves away from an
observer at speed v. What will be the speed of sound as measured by the
observer?
A.
B.
c+v
C.
cv
D.
vc
(1)
52. Two identical sources in a ripple tank generate waves of wavelength . The
interfering waves produce the wave pattern shown below.
Along which of the labelled lines is the path difference between the waves
from the sources equal to 1.5 ?
A.
B.
II
C.
III
D.
IV
(1)
53. The diagram below shows a pulse travelling along a rope from X to Y. The
end Y of the rope is tied to a fixed support.
disappear.
B.
C.
D.
54. The graph below shows the variation of air pressure with distance along a
wave at one given time. The arrow indicates the direction of travel of the
wave.
increasing.
B.
decreasing.
C.
constant.
D.
zero.
(1)
55. The diagram below shows two pulses on a string travelling toward each
other.
Which of the following diagrams best shows the shape of the string after the
pulses have passed through each other?
(1)
56. For a standing wave, all the particles between two successive nodes have
the same
A.
amplitude only.
B.
frequency only.
C.
D.
57. A source produces water waves of frequency 10 Hz. The graph shows the
variation with horizontal position of the vertical displacement of the surface
of water at one instant in time.
A.
0.20 cm s
B.
4.0 cm s
C.
10 cm s
D.
20 cm s
(1)
58. Two pipes P and Q are of the same length. Pipe P is closed at one end and
pipe Q is open at both ends. The fundamental frequency (first harmonic) of
the closed pipe P is 220 Hz.
The best estimate for the fundamental frequency of the open pipe Q is
A.
880 Hz.
B.
440 Hz.
C.
110 Hz.
D.
55 Hz.
(1)
The graph below shows the variation with time t of the displacement x
of one particle in a sound wave.
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii) On the diagram above, draw another line, labelled D, along which
the waves interfere destructively.
(1)
(Total 17 marks)
(b)
A wave is travelling along the surface of some shallow water in the xdirection. The graph shows the variation with time t of the
displacement d of a particle of water.
the frequency,
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(ii)
the amplitude.
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(c)
(d)
(e)
The wave encounters a shelf that divides the water into two separate
depths. The water to the right of the shelf is deeper than that to the
left of the shelf.
The angle between the wavefronts in the shallow water and the shelf is
1
30. The speed of the wave in the shallow water is 15 cm s and in the
1
deeper water is 20 cm s . For the wave in the deeper water, determine
the angle between the normal to the wavefronts and the shelf.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(3)
(Total 14 marks)
61. This question is about some properties of waves associated with the
principle of superposition.
Stationary (standing) waves and resonance
(a)
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
2.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(2)
(ii)
Use your sketches in (i) to explain why the wave in the string
appears to be stationary.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(d)
(ii)
= 2.0 s
3
= 6.0 10 m s
(a)
the wavelength;
.........................................................................................................
................
(1)
(ii)
the frequency;
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(b)
(ii)
(c)
(i)
In the space below, draw a diagram to show the shape and size of
the pulse after it has been reflected from the wall.
(2)
(ii)
(d)
The free end of the string in (c) is now made to oscillate with frequency
f such that a standing wave is established on the string. The diagram
below illustrates the standing wave.
(i)
(ii)
The length of the string is 3.0 m. Using your answer for the speed
of the wave in (a)(iii) calculate the frequency f.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(e)
A satellite orbits the Earth at a fixed height above the equator. Two
coherent radio transmitters on the equator emit radio waves of equal
amplitude as illustrated in the diagram below.
(ii)
(b)
End A of the rod is hit gently with a hammer. As a result, a wave pulse
travels down the rod and is reflected from end B. The hammer remains
in contact with the rod until the pulse reflected from end B reaches A.
This pulse causes the hammer to rebound from the end of the rod.
(i)
(ii)
s.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(iii) As a result of the rod being hit with the hammer, a sound is heard.
Suggest how this sound arises.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(3)
(iv) The sound produced in the air consists of waves of many different
frequencies and intensities. The loudest sound corresponds to a
3
wave of frequency 1.67 10 Hz. Deduce that this frequency is
due to the rod vibrating in its fundamental (first harmonic) mode.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(3)
In the diagram below, S1 and S2 are two small loudspeakers. They are
connected to the same sound source such that they emit sound waves
of the same intensity and wavelength. An instrument for detecting
sound intensity is placed at point P such that S 1P = S2P.
(i)
(ii)
(a)
the wavelength;
.........................................................................................................
................
(1)
(ii)
the frequency;
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(b)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
Wavelength:
..............................................................................
...................
(1)
Frequency: ......................................................................................
...........
......................................................................................
...........
(1)
Speed:
......................................................................................
...........
......................................................................................
...........
(1)
Refraction of waves
(b)
The ratio
The angle between an incident wavefront and the normal to the
boundary is 50.
(i)
(ii)
(a)
The time between the pulse leaving the emitter and returning to the
receiver is 12 ms. Calculate the distance from the bottom of the boat to
the fish.
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(2)
In order to find fish using this method, the effects of diffraction at the fish
need to be minimized.
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
.........................................................................................................
................
(4)
(Total 12 marks)
67. Waves
(a)
(b)
End A of the rod is hit gently with a hammer. As a result, a wave pulse
travels down the rod and is reflected from end B. The hammer remains
in contact with the rod until the pulse reflected from end B reaches A.
This pulse causes the hammer to rebound from the end of the rod.
(i)
(ii)
s.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(iii) As a result of the rod being hit with the hammer, a sound is heard.
Suggest how this sound arises.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
(a)
By redrawing the diagram in the spaces below, add arrows to show the
direction of wave energy transfer to illustrate the difference between
(i)
(1)
(ii)
a longitudinal wave.
(1)
A wave travels along a stretched string. The diagram below shows the
variation with distance along the string of the displacement of the string at a
particular instant in time. A small marker is attached to the string at the
point labelled M. The undisturbed position of the string is shown as a dotted
line.
(b)
(ii)
(iv) draw the displacement of the string a time later, where T is the
period of oscillation of the wave. Indicate, with the letter N, the
new position of the marker.
(2)
Determine
(i)
(ii)
Interference of waves
(d)
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(4)
(Total 14 marks)
A standing wave is set up in the wire. This wave can be thought of as being
made up from the superposition of two waves, a wave X travelling from A to
B and a wave Y travelling from B to A. At one particular instant in time, the
displacement of the wire is as shown. A background grid is given for
reference and the equilibrium position of the wire is shown as a dotted line.
(b)
On the grids below, draw the displacement of the wire due to wave X
and wave Y.
(4)
The diagram below shows an arrangement (not to scale) for observing the
interference pattern produced by the superposition of two light waves.
S1 and S2 are two very narrow slits. The single slit S ensures that the light
leaving the slits S1 and S2 is coherent.
(c)
(i)
Define coherent.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(ii)
(b)
A wave is travelling along the surface of some shallow water in the xdirection. The graph shows the variation with time t of the
displacement d of a particle of water.
the frequency,
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(ii)
the amplitude.
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(c)
(d)
(e)
The wave encounters a shelf that divides the water into two separate
depths. The water to the right of the shelf is deeper than that to the
left of the shelf.
The angle between the wavefronts in the shallow water and the shelf is
1
30. The speed of the wave in the shallow water is 15 cm s and in the
1
deeper water is 20 cm s . For the wave in the deeper water, determine
the angle between the normal to the wavefronts and the shelf.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(3)
(Total 14 marks)
(i)
(ii)
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(3)
(b)
the P waves.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(ii)
the S waves.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
The waves from an earthquake close to the Earths surface are detected at
three laboratories L1, L2 and L3. The laboratories are at the corners of a
triangle so that each is separated from the others by a distance of 900 km,
as shown in the diagram below.
The records of the variation with time of the vibrations produced by the
earthquake as detected at the three laboratories are shown below. All three
records were started at the same time.
On each record, one pulse is made by the S wave and the other by the P
wave. The separation of the two pulses is referred to as the S-P interval.
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii) State three separate pieces of evidence for your statement in (c)
(ii).
1
.................................................................................................
................
.................................................................................................
................
.................................................................................................
................
.................................................................................................
................
.................................................................................................
................
.................................................................................................
................
(3)
L1 = ......................km
.........................................................................................................
..................
Distance from
L2 = ......................km
.........................................................................................................
..................
Distance from
L3 = ......................km
.........................................................................................................
..................
(4)
(v)
(d)
(i)
The building is of height 280 m and the mean speed of waves in the
3
1
structure of the building is 3.4 10 ms .
(ii)
As Katerina runs along the line AB she counts the number of loud sounds
registered in a given time. The frequency of the sound emitted by both
1
loudspeakers is 360 Hz and the speed of sound in air is 330 ms .
(b)
(a)
The source S now moves to the right with speed V. In the space below,
draw four successive wavefronts to show the pattern of waves
produced by the moving source.
(3)
(b)
The Sun rotates about its centre. The light from one edge of the Sun, as
seen by a stationary observer, shows a Doppler shift of 0.004 nm for light of
wavelength 600.000 nm.
(c)
Assuming that the Doppler formula for sound may be used for light,
estimate the linear speed of a point on the surface of the Sun due to its
rotation.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(3)
(Total 9 marks)
a ray.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(1)
(ii)
wave speed.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(1)
(b)
The graph below shows the variation with time t of the displacement xA
of wave A as it passes through a point P.
The graph below shows the variation with time t of the displacement xB
of wave B as it passes through point P.
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
f = a(Z b) ,
where a and b are constants.
One line in the spectrum produced by a certain metal target has a
15
wavelength of 0.154 nm. For this line, a = 2.50 10 Hz and b = 1.00.
Calculate the proton number of the target metal.
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(3)
(c)
(i)
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(i)
the P waves.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(ii)
the S waves.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
The waves from an earthquake close to the Earths surface are detected at
three laboratories L1, L2 and L3. The laboratories are at the corners of a
triangle so that each is separated from the others by a distance of 900 km,
as shown in the diagram below.
The records of the variation with time of the vibrations produced by the
earthquake as detected at the three laboratories are shown below. All three
records were started at the same time.
On each record, one pulse is made by the S wave and the other by the P
wave. The separation of the two pulses is referred to as the S-P interval.
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii) State three separate pieces of evidence for your statement in (d)
(ii).
(3)
1.
.................................................................................................
................
.................................................................................................
................
2.
.................................................................................................
................
.................................................................................................
................
3.
.................................................................................................
................
.................................................................................................
................
......................km
.........................................................................................................
..................
Distance from L2 =
......................km
.........................................................................................................
..................
Distance from L3 =
......................km
.........................................................................................................
..................
(4)
(v)
(e)
(i)
The building is of height 280 m and the mean speed of waves in the
3
1
structure of the building is 3.4 10 ms .
(ii)
77. This question is about wave phenomena and the particle nature of light.
Travelling waves
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Wavelength:
..............................................................................
...................
(1)
Frequency: ......................................................................................
...........
......................................................................................
...........
(1)
Speed:
......................................................................................
...........
......................................................................................
...........
(1)
Refraction of waves
(b)
The ratio
The angle between an incident wavefront and the normal to the
boundary is 50.
(i)
(ii)
Interference of waves
(c)
.........................................................................................................
................
2.
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(d)
A Youngs double slit experiment for red light is set up as shown below.
(i)
The red filter is now replaced by a blue filter. State and explain the
change in appearance, other than change of colour, of the fringes
on the screen.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(ii)
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
2.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(f)
The metal surface has work function 2.4 eV and the threshold
wavelength for light incident on the surface is S. The current in the
photo-cell is measured using a microammeter.
Calculate the threshold wavelength S.
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(3)
(g)
(ii)
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(3)
(Total 30 marks)
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
2.
.........................................................................................................
................
.........................................................................................................
................
(2)
(b)
State and explain in which medium the wavefronts have the greater
speed.
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(3)
(c)
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(3)
(d)
(e)
where k is a constant.
In an experiment to verify this relationship, the fundamental (first
harmonic) frequency f was measured for different values of tension T.
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
..................
(1)
(b)
frequency;
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(ii)
wavelength.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
A tube that is open at both ends is placed in a deep tank of water, as shown
below.
(i)
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(ii)
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(d)
(e)
(i)
(3)
(iii) Suggest the form of energy into which the energy of the sound
wave has been transformed at the eardrum.
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
When the detector is at P, such that S1P = S2P, maximum loudness of sound
is detected. As the detector is moved along AB, regions of minimum and
maximum loudness are detected. Point X is the third position of minimum
loudness from P. The distance (S2X S1X) is 0.50 m.
(f)
(i)
(ii)
wavefront.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(3)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
The graph below shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of one
particle of the medium through which the wave is travelling.
(c)
(i)
Explain how it can be deduced from the graph that the particle is
oscillating.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(ii)
(iii) Mark on the graph with the letter M one time at which the particle
is at maximum displacement.
(1)
(iv) Estimate the area between the curve and the x-axis from the time
t = 0 to the time t = 1.5 ms.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(v)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
The graph below shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of one
particle of the medium through which the wave is travelling.
(b)
(i)
Explain how it can be deduced from the graph that the particle is
oscillating.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(ii)
(iii) Mark on the graph with the letter M one time at which the particle
is at maximum displacement.
(1)
(iv) Estimate the area between the curve and the x-axis from the time
t = 0 to the time t = 1.5 ms.
.........................................................................................................
..................
.........................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(v)
(c)
(i)
M is a point distance 550 cm from both S 1 and S2. Point P is a distance 560
cm from S1 and 580 cm from S2.
(ii)
(iv) The loudspeakers are now replaced with two monochromatic light
sources. State the reason why bright and dark fringes are not
observed along the line PM.
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(d)
(ii)
(2)
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(b)
(c)
(ii)
(d)
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(2)
(e)
Using the axes below, draw the displacement of the string when t = 3.0
4
10 s. (The displacement of the string at t = 0 is shown as a dotted
line.)
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
The sketch graph below shows that the variation with angle of the
intensity of the light on the screen.
(a)
(b)
(c)
84. A wedge shaped film of air is made by separating two thin, flat glass plates
by a spacer.
State what happens to the phase of the light waves reflected from the
upper surface of the plate labelled A in the diagram.
.................................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(b)
The wavelength of the light is 560 nm. Calculate by how much the
width of the wedge changes between one bright fringe and the next
bright fringe.
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(2)
(Total 3 marks)
State the Rayleigh criterion for the images of two point sources to be
just resolved.
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(2)
A man is walking along a straight path at night towards two light sources as
shown below.
not drawn to scale
When the man is 150 m from the sources, the images of the two sources are
just resolved by his eye. The wavelength of the light from each source is 590
nm and the diameter of the aperture of his eye is 5.0 mm.
(b)
State and explain in which medium the wavefronts have the greater
speed.
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(3)
(b)
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
.................................................................................................................
..................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
87. This question is about atomic and nuclear structure and fundamental forces.
In a nuclear model of the atom, most of the atom is regarded as empty
space. A tiny nucleus is surrounded by a number of electrons.
(a)
(b)
Explain why the protons in a nucleus do not fly apart from each other.
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(2)
(c)
29
(d)
(e)
Explain why two people standing 100 m apart would not feel either of
the forces that you have calculated in parts (c) and (d).
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
.................................................................................................................
....................
(2)
(Total 13 marks)
(a)
(b)
Using data from the above graph, deduce for this sound wave,
(i)
the wavelength.
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
(ii)
the amplitude.
.........................................................................................................
..................
(1)
89. A person is walking along one side of a building and a car is driving along
another side of the building.
The person can hear the car approach but cannot see it. This is explained by
the fact that sound waves
A.
B.
are diffracted more at the corner of the building than light waves.
C.
are refracted more at the corner of the building than light waves.
D.
90. Which one of the following diagrams best represents wavefronts produced
by a source of sound of constant frequency as it moves at constant speed
towards a stationary observer at O?
(1)
91. Sound waves move faster in warm air than in cold air. The diagram below
shows plane waves in cold air moving towards a boundary with warm air.
Which of the arrows shows the possible direction of waves after reaching the
boundary?
A.
B.
II
C.
III
D.
IV
(1)
92. A string is stretched between two fixed points. The string is plucked at its
centre and is seen to vibrate with frequency f as shown below.
nf
B.
(2n 1)f
C.
(n 1)f
D.
(n + 1)f
(1)
93. What change, if any, occurs in the wavelength and frequency of a light wave
as it crosses a boundary from air into glass?
Wavelength
Frequency
A.
Decreases
Decreases
B.
Decreases
Unchanged
C.
Increases
Increases
D.
Increases
Unchanged
(1)
B.
C.
D.
95. Light from a double slit arrangement produces bright and dark fringes on a
screen in the region near point P, as indicated below.
The light from the two slits has equal amplitudes on reaching point P.
Which one of the following gives the change, if any, in the appearance of
the bright and the dark fringes when the amplitude of the light wave from
one slit is reduced?
Bright fringes
Dark fringes
A.
B.
C.
D.
96. The waves from two light sources meet at a point. Which condition is
essential for interference to be observed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
97. Graph P shows how the displacement at one point in a wave varies with
time.
Graph Q shows how the displacement in the same wave varies with distance
along the wave at one particular time.
Which one of the following expressions gives the speed of the wave?
A.
B.
C.
D.
(1)
98. Two lamps producing light of the same colour are placed close to one
another. A two source interference pattern is not observed because
A.
B.
the phase difference between the light from the lamps is continually
changing.
C.
the intensity of the light emitted by the lamps is not the same.
D.
99. In order that the interference between the waves emitted by two light
sources can be observed, it is essential that the sources must emit waves
that
A.
B.
are in phase.
C.
D.
The waves are superposed. Which of the following diagrams shows the
variation with time t of the resultant displacement d of the point in the
medium?
(1)
101. Which of the following diagrams best illustrates the diffraction of waves by
an obstacle?
(1)
102. The two graphs show the variation with time of the individual displacements
of two waves as they pass through the same point.
x1 + x2.
B.
x1 x2.
C.
A1 + A2.
D.
A1 A2.
(1)
Which observer I, II, III or IV could hear a sound of frequency f when the
source is in the position shown?
A.
B.
II
C.
III
D.
IV
(1)
104. The diagram below shows two wave pulses moving towards one another.
Which one of the following diagrams shows the resultant pulse when the
two pulses are superposed?
(1)
105. The diagram shows the variation with distance x along a wave with its
displacement d.
The wave is travelling in the direction shown.
The period of the wave is T. Which one of the following diagrams shows the
displacement of the wave at later?
(1)
106. On which one of the following graphs is the wavelength and the amplitude
a of a wave correctly represented?
(1)
107. A source of sound emits waves of wavelength , period T and speed v when
at rest. The source moves away from a stationary observer at speed V,
relative to the observer. The wavelength of the sound waves, as measured
by the observer is
A.
+ vT.
B.
vT.
C.
+VT.
D.
VT.
(1)
B.
C.
D.
109. When a wave crosses the boundary between two media, which one of the
following properties of the wave does not change?
A.
Amplitude
B.
Wavelength
C.
Frequency
D.
Speed
(1)
110. Two identical triangular pulses of amplitude X travel toward each other along
a string. At the instant shown on the diagram below, point M is midway
between the two pulses.
The amplitude of the disturbance in the string as the pulses move through M
is
A.
2X.
B.
X.
C.
D.
0.
(1)
the loudness of the sound increases as the source moves towards the
observer.
B.
C.
D.
112. A pipe, open at both ends, has a length L. The speed of sound in the air in
the pipe is v. The frequency of vibration of the fundamental (first harmonic)
standing wave that can be set up in the pipe is
A.
B.
C.
D.
.
(1)
Jeremy cannot see the fire engine but he can hear the siren. This is due
mainly to
A.
reflection.
B.
refraction.
C.
D.
diffraction.
(1)
114. Water waves at the surface of a pond pass a floating log of length L. The log
is at rest relative to the bank. The diagram shows wave crests at one
instant.
The number of crests passing the log per unit time is N. The speed of the
water waves relative to the log at rest is
A.
(N 1).
B.
(N 1).
C.
(N).
D.
(N).
(1)
115. Two particles X and Y are situated a distance apart on a stationary wave of
wavelength . The variation with time t of the displacement dx of X is shown
below.
Which one of the following correctly shows the variation with time t of the
displacement dY of particle Y?
(1)
116. Which diagram best shows diffraction of plane wavefronts at a single slit?
(1)
B.
C.
D.
Which one of the following diagrams best represents the reflected pulse?
(1)
119. A sound emitting source moves along a straight line with speed v relative to
an observer at rest.
The speed of sound relative to the medium is c. The observer measures the
speed of sound emitted by the source as
A.
c.
B.
c + v.
C.
c v.
D.
v c.
(1)
120. The diagram below shows ocean waves incident on a stone barrier
protecting boats anchored behind it.
refraction.
B.
standing waves.
C.
diffraction.
D.
reflection.
(1)