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ABSTRACT: In this paper, experiments are carried out to study the quasi-static and dynamic fracture behaviour
of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. The notched semi-circular bending method has been employed
to determine fracture parameters over a wide range of loading rates using both a servo-hydraulic machine and
a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The time to fracture, crack speed and velocity of the moving specimen
halves are measured by strain gauge, crack propagation gauge and high-speed photography on the macroscopic
level. This study reveals clearly that: dynamic crack initiation and growth toughness increase with the increase
of loading rate and crack speed; the kinetic energy of the moving specimen halves increases with increasing
impact speed of the striker; and dynamic fracture energy and increases rapidly with increasing crack speed.
INTRODUCTION
2.1
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
Material characterizations
Experimental techniques
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The dynamic crack initiation toughness, KId , is the critical dynamic SIF at the time to fracture tf , and the
Figure 2. High-speed photographs showing dynamic fracturing process of gabbro at the striking velocity of 3 m/s.
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280480, and 3201000 m/s, respectively, and the corresponding ratio vmax /CR are 0.36, 0.35, 0.33, and
0.38. The interested reader is referred to (Zhang &
Zhao, 2013b) for details. The phenomena of macrobranches were not observed during tests, perhaps due
to the small size of specimen and the indirect tension
testing method.
4.4 Dynamic fracture energy
Figure 3. Normalized dynamic crack initiation toughness
KId /KIC and time to fracture tf of: (a) theoretical model (Liu
et al., 1998) and experimental data, (b) the magnified view.
where WIn. , WRe. , and WTr. are the energies of the incident wave, the reflected wave, and the transmitted wave
respectively.
Continued to Figure 2, Figure 5(a) shows highspeed photographs of the gabbro until the NSCB
specimen is split into two almost equal fragments.
Each flying fragment has a combined rotational and
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2
2 d
where AI (v) = (1)C
1 Cv 2 ,
2 R(v) , d =
S
L
2
s = 1 Cv 2 , R(v) = 4d s (1 + 2s )2
S
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CONCLUSIONS
123
124