Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.

: /_

Grade: 105 / 100

________________________________________________________________________________________

ELE 342 ELECTRONICS I Fall '05

Dr. M.G. Guvench TEST No.3 12/20/05

________________________________________________________________________________________
This is a closed books/notes examination. You may not use equations/formulas stored in electronic memory.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

1. AC-Coupled CE BJT Amplifier Design: (48 pts)

Design a small signal AC-coupled CE amplifier which runs from a single power supply and which satisfies the
following specifications.

Avo = -50, Rout = 100 ohms, %Sβ≤ 0.0010 f-3dB ≤ 50 Hz, Rin = no spec, higher preferred
Maximum Output Swing: 5Volts peak
RL=Rout if needed Rsignal=0 if needed
Transistor available: NPN, Silicon βF = 120 VCESAT ≤ 1V
VA = 40V (You may take it ∞ but lose 15 pts.)

In your design you are required to follow the following steps and format:

a. Draw the circuit diagram of your circuit complete with its power source, the signal source and the load.
Indicate true signs of bias voltages and bias currents through the transistor. (5 pts)
(Circuits with fatal errors will take away more than 5 points and may invalidate the rest of your calculations
and their points.)

b. Draw the small signal equivalent of your circuit. (You may assume hre = 0) Derive, i.e. start from scratch
and show the mathematical and logical steps to get to, the equations for, (5 pts)
Avo = - ( Rout . ICQ / (kT/q) Rin = hie // RB Rout = RC // (1/hoe)

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_

c. Draw the DC equivalent circuit and derive the following equations,

ICQ = βeff (VBB - VBEQ) / [ RB + (βeff + 1) RE] and %Sβ = (RB + RE) / [ RB + (βeff + 1) RE ] (1/βF)

where βeff = βF . ( 1 + VCEQ/VA ) (7 pts)

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_
d. Proceed with your design. Describe the steps/equations/assumptions/approximations involved in the
design. Calculate/determine the Q-point, all the resistances and the value of the supply voltage needed. Show
your calculations step by step. Also, fill in the blanks below for the final numbers of your design. (25 pts)

ICQ=0.013A VCEQ= 7.0V βeff = 141 hie=282ohms hfe= 141 hoe= 275uS
RB= 2.82K VBB= 4.04V RE= 236ohms RB1=8.4K RB2=4.25K RC= 102.8 ohms
VCC=12VDC Rin= 256.4 ohms

Below is a copy of the design solutions done using MathCad and copied here. Note that in the
calculations below, an extra 1V margin is added to the voltage swing, VCESAT is increased to worst
possible value of 1V, %Stability figure is reduced to a more conservative figure of 0.0007 rather than
using the 0.0010 figure given, and VCC was increased to a standard value of 12VDC from the
calculated minimum of 11.4VDC.
−A vo⋅ kT
ICQ := ICQ = 0.013
Rout

VCEQ := VCESAT + ∆Vout VCEQ = 6

I allow extra margin for swing and increase VCEQ to: VCEQ := 7.0

⎛ VCEQ ⎞
β eff := β ⋅ ⎜ 1 + β eff = 141
⎝ VA ⎠
ICQ −5
IBQ := IBQ = 9.184 × 10
β eff

IEQ := ICQ + IBQ IEQ = 0.013

ICQ −4 1 3
h oe := h oe = 2.755 × 10 = 3.629 × 10
VCEQ + VA h oe

h fe := β eff h fe = 141

kT
h ie := h ie = 282
IBQ

Design Approximation Rule: RB = 10 . hie to keep Rin at its maximum potential value.
3
RB := 10⋅ h ie RB = 2.82 × 10

−1
Rin := ⎛⎜ ⎞
1 1
+ Rin = 256.364
⎝ RB h ie ⎠

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_

In this problem, an exact number is being targeted.

Therefore, there is no need to use the Design Approximation Rule.
x has to be calculated to yield the targeted stability figure, as shown below.

x := 0.10 Note: This is an initial estimate value on x just to guide the solver function
Given
−1 1+ x
%Sβ β ⋅
(
1 + β eff + 1 ⋅ x )
x := Find( x)

1
x = 0.084 This is the result of the solver. = 11.93
x
RE := x⋅ RB RE = 236.376

VBB := RB⋅ IBQ + VBEQ + RE⋅ IEQ VBB = 4.042

−1
RC := ⎛⎜ − h oe ⎞
1
RC = 102.833
⎝ Rout ⎠

VCCMin := RE⋅ IEQ + VCEQ + RC⋅ ICQ VCCMin = 11.414

I pick VCC > VCCMin as: VCC := 12

VCC 3
RB1 := RB⋅ RB1 = 8.373 × 10
VBB
−1
RB2 := ⎛⎜ ⎞
1 1 3
− RB2 = 4.252 × 10
⎝ RB RB1 ⎠

In Summary:

ICQ = 0.013 VCEQ = 7 β eff = 141

−4
h ie = 282 h fe = 141 h oe = 2.755 × 10

3
RB = 2.82 × 10 VBB = 4.042 RE = 236.376

3 3
RB1 = 8.373 × 10 RB2 = 4.252 × 10 RC = 102.833

VCC = 12 Rin = 256.364

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_

e. Calculate its collector and base capacitances, only. (No need to calculate the emitter capacitance for
this problem.).( 6 pts)

CB = 24.3 uF CC = 31.2 uF

From MathCad calculations assuming k=1.98 correction, results are,

Capacitances are calculated assuming all three contribute equally

f3dB
k3caps := 1.96 fRC :=
k3caps

ReqB := Rsignal + Rin ReqB = 256.364

1 −5
CB := CB = 2.434 × 10
2⋅ π⋅ fRC⋅ ReqB

ReqC := Rout + RL
ReqC = 200
1 −5
CC := CC = 3.119 × 10
2⋅ π⋅ fRC⋅ ReqC

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_

2. AC COUPLED SMALL SIGNAL COMMON-COLLECTOR AMPLIFIER (30pts)

a. What advantages/disadvantages does a Common-Collector configured have compared to a similarly biased

Common-Emitter configured BJT amplifier? Compare the relative values of Rin, Rout and Avo in a table and
explain how you can take advantage of their differences in a multi-stage amplifier. (5 pts)

b. Draw the circuit diagram of an AC coupled NPN Common COLLECTOR Amplifier which is powered
from a single DC source. Show actual polarities of bias voltages and directions of actual bias currents.
Redraw it with polarities if a PNP transistor is employed, instead. (5 pts)

c. Draw its AC equivalent circuit including a load resistance RL and a signal source VSignal and RSignal at mid-
frequency range. (4 pts)

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_
d. Derive all the equations needed to calculate its Avo, Rin and Rout in its midband frequency range. (6 pts)

e. Calculate numerical values of its Av, Avo, Rin and Rout in its midband frequency range if
ICQ = 5.2 mA, VCEQ = 8VDC, RE = 1K, RB2 = 50K, RB1= 50K, RC =1 Kohm, βF = 100, Silicon,
VSignal=1mV, RSignal= 0 ohms, RL=100. (10 pts)

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_
3. SPICE and “Silly Amplifier” Analysis: (27 pts.)

Analyze the SPICE input file which is shown below and calculate its output voltage and its gain (both
magnitudes and signs) to find how much this “silly amplifier” amplifies the signal.

34205T3 SPICE "Silly Amplifier Circuit"

* a. Draw the circuit diagram, first.
* b. Label all nodes and components. Include component values/parameters.
* c. Do "OP" analysis and “AC” analysis (Draw DC and AC equivalents, first).
* d. For “AC” analysis assume all C’s and L’s are very large.
* e. And, "V(7)/V(2)" (which is the gain) is chosen in the "probe" display screen. Does it really amplify?
Give the magnitude and sign!

VS 1 0 AC 1mV
RS 1 2 250
CB 2 3 25U
VDC1 4 0 6.7
R1 3 4 10K
Q1 5 3 6 QNPN
.MODEL QNPN NPN (BF=50)
RE 6 0 1K
CE 6 0 470u
D1 9 8 DMOD
LL 8 5 1H
RCX 5 9 2K
.MODEL DMOD D (IS=1PA)
VCC 9 0 DC 10
CC 5 7 100m
RL 7 0 2K
.OP
.AC DEC 2 1K 1MEG
.PROBE
.END

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !

Your Name: SOLUTIONS by Prof. Guvench Your Page No.: /_

* HAPPY HOLIDAYS an BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR !