1.

Skeletal system is important because

it shows evolutionary trends of vertebrate phylogeny
it specify information posture and locomotors adaptions of vertebrates
it reveals mark and traces of other organ system
2. Origin of jaws
Serial Theory
Composite Theory
jaws arise completely from one of the
mandibular arc is formed from elements of several
anterior branchial arches
adjacent arches, as well as contribute to neurocranium
3. Locomotion of mammals
Types

Graviportal
Cursorial
Volant
Aerial
Saltatorial
Aquatic
Fossorial
Scansorial
Arboreal

for

4. Compare bones of forelimbs and hindlimbs

Forelimb
Humerus
is a small, slender, slightly curved bone suspended in the
musculature associated with the forelimb
Ulna
is the longer of the two bones in the forearm, or antebrachium.
It has a prominent proximal portion, but its shaft tapers distally.
Radius
is the second bone of the antebrachium. In contrast to the
ulna, the radius is more slender proximally and widens distally.
Manus
is the distal portion the forelimb.
includes three portions: the carpus (wrist), metacarpus, and
phalanges in proximal to distal order.

Fishes

Tetrapods

Example

supporting great body weight

running
gliding
flying
jumping
swimming
digging
climbing
adapted for life in trees

Pectoral girdle
Stronger
Because it includes more replacement bones,
cartilage and several dermal bones
Bony Fish: It is attached to the skull
Cartilaginous Fish: No dermal element; it is
fused called scapulocoracoid.
Weakly
Primitive amphibian: Reduced dermal bones

Elephants
Humans, Horses
Flying Squirrels
Bats
Rabbits, Kangaroos
Dolphin, Whales
Moles
Squirrels
Monkeys

Hind Limb
Femur
is the bone of the proximal part of the hind limb, or
thigh.
Tibia
is the larger and medial bone of the crus, or middle
segment of the hindlimb. Its proximal surface bears
lateral and medial condyles that articulate with the
femur.
Fibula
is the slender, lateral, and shorter bone of the crus.
Pes
is the distal portion the hind limb.
consists o tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

Pelvic gridle
Weakly
Other Fish: It is supported by a single bone element.
Cartilaginous Fish: It is joined by a bridge of
cartilage.
Stronger
Because it is fused to the backbone to increase the
force that can be generated by the hind legs
It is much enlarge over that of fishes.

5. Justify
References:
Basic structural pattern of limbs.Retrieved on Feb 3, 2015 from http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/basicstructural-pattern-of-limbsChing, J.A. 2004. Comparative anatomy of vertebrates compendium. Philippines: National book store. pp.106149