Professional Documents
Culture Documents
the United States was initiated in 1971 The Bion program, which
began in 1966, included a series of missions that flew biological
experiments using primates, rodents, insects, cells, and plants
on an unmanned biosatellite in near-earth orbit. The
collaboration has resulted in the flight of more than 100 U.S.
experiments, one-half of all U.S. there has been 12 bion
missions. Last one was in 2013.
Zond-5 of soviet russia became the first
spacecraft to circle the Moon and return to
land on Earth. On September 18, 1968,the
spacecraft flew around the Moon. The
closest distance was 1,950 km. A
biological payload of two Russian plants,
seeds, bacteria, and other living matter
was included in the flight.
The O/OREOS (Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital
Stresses) nanosatellite is a 5.5-kilogram (12 lb) automated
laboratory approximately the size of a loaf of bread that contains
two separate astrobiology experiments on board. the spacecraft
was successfully launched as a secondary payload on STP-S26
led by the Space Test Program of the United States Air Force on
a Minotaur IV rocket from Kodiak Island, Alaska on November 19,
2010.It carried microbes to outer space to study.
The Validity behind the efforts and experiments:
Growing food to supplement and minimize the food that must be
carried to space will be increasingly important on long-duration
missions as flightcrews travel farther from Earth
to find out if the produce grown in space can be consumed
safely;
types of microorganisms might grow on the plants and what can
be done to reduce the threat of microorganisms in the hardware
prior to launch;
what can be done to clean or sanitize the produce after it has
been harvested; and how to optimize production compared to
the resources required to grow it.
Some interesting facts on the topicMoon tree- Moon trees are trees grown from 500 seeds taken
into orbit around the Moon by Stuart Roosa during the Apollo
14 mission in 1971. Ed cliff,An American forest officer proposed
the idea. Seeds for the experiment were chosen from five
different types of trees: Loblolly Pine, Sycamore, Sweetgum,
Redwood, and Douglas Fir.
A Loblolly Pine was planted at the White House, and trees
were planted in Brazil, Switzerland, and presented to various
Fig; Bicentennial
renowned personalities, among others
Moon Tree, planted
in 1975 in
Washington Square
The new fertilizer being tested had a slower and more even
release rate, which had helped lower the plants' accumulation of
salts during ground studies.
Recent efforts to create a colony in Neighbour plant Mars and
our own Moon has rised the concern of growing eatable plants