You are on page 1of 3

Anonimous. 2008. Budidaya Ternak Unggas. http://pustaka.ut.ac.id/ puslata/ online. php?

menu=bmpshort_detail2&ID=17. Diakses 8 Oktober 2009.


Anonimous. 2013. https://www.bps.go.id/rata-rata- konsumsi-protein-(gram)-per-kapitamenurut-kelompok-makanan.html diakses pada tanggal 24 April 2014
Anonimous.
2013.
https://www.bps.go.id/rata-rata-konsumsi-kalori-(kkal)-per-kapitamenurut-kelompok-makanan.html diakses pada tanggal 24 April 2014
Attia, Y. A., R. A. Hassan, M. H. Shehatta and S. B. Abd-El-Hady. 2005. Growth, carcass
quality and serum constituent of slow growing chicks as affected by betaine addition
to diets containing 2. Different Levels of Methionine. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4:856-865.
Barak, A. J., H.C. Beckenhauer and D.J. Tuma. 1996. Betaine, Ethanol, and the Liver : a
Review. Alcohol. Vol.13. 4:395-398
Clow, K. A., J. Treberg, M. E. Brosnan and J.T. Brosnan. 2008. Elevated tissue betaine
contents in developing rats are due to dietary betaine, not to synthesis. J. Nutr.,
138:1641-1646
Eklund, M., E. Bauer, J. Wamatu and R. Mosenthin. 2005. Potential Nutrition and
physiological function of betaine in livestock. Nutr. Res. Rev. 18:31-48
Eklund, M., R. Mosenthin, M. Tafaj and J. Wamatu. 2006 a. Effect of betaine and condonsed
molasses solubles on nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibility in piglets feed diets
sdeficient in methionin and low in compatible osmolytes. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 60:289300.
Eklund, M., R. Mosenthin and H.P. Piepho. 2006 b. Effect of betaine and condonsed molasses
solubles on ileal and total tract nutrient digestibilities in piglets. Acta. Agric. Scand.
Section A 56:83-90.
Ezza, W., M.S. Shoeib, S.M.M. Mousa, A.M.A. Bealish and Zenat, A. Ibrahiem., 2011.
Impact Of betaine, vitamin c nd folic acid supplementations to the diet on productive
and reproductive performance of matrouh poultry strain under egyptian summer
condition. Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol. 31. 2:521-537.
Febrianto. 2004. Potensi Bahan Baku Lokal untuk Pakan Ternak Unggas. Fakultas
Peternakan. Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Bengkulu.
Gudev D., S. Popova R., I. Yanchev, P. Moneva, E. Petkov and M. Ignatova. 2011. Effect Of
Betaine On Eg Performancwe And Some Blood Constituents In Laing Hens Reared
Indoor Under Natural Summer Temperatures And Varying Levels Of Air Ammonia.
Bulgarian Journal Of Agricultural Science, 17.6, 2011, 859-866. Agricultural
Academy.
Kidd, M. T., P. R. Ferket and J. D. Garlich. 1997. Nutritional and osmoregulatory functions of
betaine. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 53:125-139

Overland, M., K.A. Rorvik and A. Skrede. 1999. Effect of trimethylamine oxide and betaine
in swine diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility,
and sensory quality of pork. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2143-2153
Park, J. H., C. W. Kang and K.S. Ryu. 2006. Effect of feeding betaine on performance and
blood hormone in laying hens. Kor. J. Poult. Sci. 33:323-328
Rafique, M., T.N. Pasha, A. Khalique and A. Mahmud. 2000. Biological avaibility of betaine
for methionine sparing in broiler chickens. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 2.1-2:165-166
Ratriyanto, A., Mosenthin, R., Bauer, E. And Eklund, M. 2009. Metabolic, osmoregulatory
and nutritional functins of betaine in monogastric animal. J. Anim. Sci., 22:1461-1467
Sayed, M.A.M and Downing. 2011. Tehe effect of water replcement by oral rehydration
fluids with or without betaine supplementation on performance, acid- base balance,
and water retention of heat stressed broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 90:157-167.
Scharma, J.W. and W.J.J. Gerrits. 2000. Effect of dietary betaine supplementation on energy
partitioning in pigs. Internal Report, wagering en Agricultural University, the
Netherlands 24p.
Schwahn, B.C., et al. 2003. Pharmacokinetics of oral betaine in healthy subjects and patients
with homocystinuria. Br J Clin Pharmacol,. 55(1)p. 6-13
Siljander R., H., Speuranen, K. Tiihonen, E. Virtanen, H. Kettunen, T. Alaviuhkola and P. H.
Simmins. 2003. Effect of equi-molar dietary betaine and choline addition on
performance, carcas quality and physiological prameters of pigs. Anim. Sci. 76:55-62
Steel, R.G dan J.H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika, suatu PendekatanGeometri.
PT. Gramedia. Jakarta.
Susilorini TE, M Eirry Sawitri, Muharlien. 2007. Budidaya 22 Ternak Potensial. Penebar
Swadaya. Jakarta
Ueland, P.M., Choline and betaine in health and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 34(1) p. 3-15.
Waldroup, P.W., M.A. Motl., F. Yan and C.A. Fritts. 2006. Effect of betaine and choline on
response to methionine supplementation to broiler diets formulated to industry
standards. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 15:58-71
Yuwanta, T. 2008. Dasar ternak unggas. Cetakan ke-5 Universitas Gadjah Mada Press.
Yogyakarta
Teng Y. J. Biol . Chem . 2011
Sun et al. (2008
Pesti et al. (1980

Schwahn et al., 2003


Ueland et al. (2003
Wilson (1975
Sudaryani, 2003
Romanoff (1963
Binawati (2008
Bell dan Weaver, 2002;
Yamamoto et al., 2007).
Muchtadi dan Sugiyono,1994
Wahju (1997
Sirait (1986
Bell dan Weaver, 2002
Stadelman dan Cotteril, 1995
Winarno,1984
Fernandez, et al 1994
Roberts (2004)
Steel dan Torrie, 1993).

You might also like