ABSTRACT

Enzyme is a protein molecule that is a biological catalyst with three

characteristics. First, the basic function of an enzyme is to increase the rate of a
reaction. Most cellular reactions occur about a million times faster than they
would in the absence of an enzyme. Second, most enzymes act specifically with
only one reactant (called a substrate) to produce products. The third and most
remarkable characteristic is that enzymes are regulated from a state of low activity
to high activity and vice versa. This experiment aim to know the kinds of
digestive enzymes found in fish intestine and to know the function of bile in the
food digestion. The method prepare the Cyprinus carpio (carp) and cut the
abdomen of carp, take and cut the intestine and bile of carp carefully. To make the
extracted-intestine, cut the intestine longitudinally put it into the mortar then grind
it, while grind add glycerin 20 ml and benzene 4-5 dropped until its smoother.
After that take filter paper, to filter the extracted-intestine then put into bottle that
covered by carbon paper. Wait about seven days. To test the influence of bile to
fat. Prepare 2 test tube labeled A and B. add the bile liquid into test tube A,to
dilute add aquades until the volume is 2ml. add only aquades 2 ml into test tube B.
Add oil 2 ml to each of tube and shake powerfully about 5-10 minutes. To test
amylase enzyme, prepare two test tube, labeled by A and B. Add reagen benedict
2ml into other test tube C and D, put also starch liquid 2 ml into C and D. In test
tube C 1 ml extracted-intestine while in test tube D 1 ml aquades. 5 dropped of
test tube C liquid into test tube A and liquid of test tube D into test tube B. then
heat test tube A and B about 5 minutes. To test maltose, all the steps same like in
amylase enzyme but weput maltose not starch liquid there. To test protein, prepare
2 test tube labeled by A and B. Diluted-albumin1 ml put into each of test tube.
Wait until its cold, add 1ml extracted-intestine into test tube A and ilm aquades
into test tube B. Wait about 5-10 minutes. Add 5 drop of biuret reagen into each of
test tube. The result of this experiment actually we can not prove that bile can
emultion the fat because the formation of 2 layers that same with the control. We
can not prove that extracted-intestine contain of amylase enzyme because the

color is not changing into brick. The color still blue. And also in protein test, we
can not prove that in intestine there is no proteinase enzyme because the color is
not changing into purple. But in maltose test, we success to prove it is because the
color is changing into brick color.

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1. Theoritical Review
Enzymes are biomolecules that catalyze chemical reactions, in which
almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules that initiate
the reaction is called the substrate, while the result is called the working
produk.Cara enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in other substances not alter or
damage this reaction.
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in living
organisms to maintain viability. These reactions include the synthesis of large
molecules into smaller molecules (anabolism) and the preparation of large
molecules from smaller molecules (catabolism). Some chemical reactions include
respiration, glycolysis, photosynthesis in plants, and protein synthesis.
By following the provision that a chemical reaction will run faster with
energy intake from outside (generally warming), it should be a chemical reaction
that occurs in the human body must be followed by administration of heat from
the outside. An example is the formation of urea which should require
temperatures of hundreds of degrees Celsius with a metal catalyst, it is not likely
to occur in the human physiological body temperature, about 37 C. The presence
of enzymes which are biological catalysts cause these reactions run in the
physiological temperature of the human body because the enzyme plays a role in
lowering the activation energy is lower than that should be achieved by the
provision of external heat.
Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy did not change the
reaction G (free energy difference between products and reactants), thus the
action of the enzyme is not contrary to the law of conservation of energy Hess 1.
In addition, enzymes cause a great influence on the speed of chemical reactions
that take place in the organism. The reactions that take place over several weeks
or months under normal laboratory conditions can occur in just a few seconds
under the influence of an enzyme in the body. (Anna Poedjiadi, 1994)

Digestion is the process of solving complex compounds into smaller

compounds. The process of solving these compounds produce energy that is
important to the needs of the cells, tissues, organs and living beings. Digestion is a
chemical process. Chemical process requires the presence of enzymes for
chemical change essentially. The enzyme plays a role in increasing the rate of
reaction without affecting the results of the reaction and did not participate react.
In the process of digestion, the enzyme produced by various organs, such as the
small intestine, salivary glands and stomach. Enzymes are specific in the process
of solving complex materials (carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals)
Digestive Enzymes are substances in the stomach and digestive system
that breaks down food, for example, pepsin in the stomach is an enzyme that
breaks down proteins, lipases to break down fat, amylase breaks down
carbohydrates, in addition there is also a gastric juice in the form of hydrochloric
acid (HCL) produced by mucosal cells. Enzymes that aid in the digestion process
is produced by glands are glands in the mouth, stomach, pancreas and intestines.
Enzymes are not active so-called pro-enzyme or Zymogen.
Trypsin is a serine protease found in the digestive systems of many
vertebrates, in which hydrolyses proteins. Trypsin produced in the pancreas as an
inactive proenzyme trypsinogen. Especially trypsin cut peptides at the carboxyl
side chain of the amino acid lysine or arginine, except when followed by either
proline. It is used for various biotechnological processes. This process is
commonly referred to as trypsin proteolysis or trypsinisation and proteins that
have been digested / treated with trypsin said to have trypsinized.
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar. Human amylase
present in saliva, where he started the chemical process of digestion. Foods that
contain a lot of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, a little sweetness
because they chewed because amylase turns starch into sugar in part in the mouth.
Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. As diastase, amylase is the first
enzyme to be discovered and isolated (by Anselme Payen in 1833). All amylases
are glycoside hydrolases and act on -1, 4 - glycosidic bond. Will begin to
denature at around 60C.

Maltose, or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two glucose units joined by
(1 4) bonds. This is the second member of an important biochemical series of
glucose chains. The addition of other glucose units produce maltotriose; Further
additions will produce dextrins (also called maltodextrins) and eventually starch
(glucose polymers). Maltose can be broken down into two molecules of glucose
by hydrolysis.
1.2. Objectives
1. To know the kinds of digestive enzymes found in fish intestine
2. To know the function of bile in the food digestion

2. APPARATUS, MATERIALS AND METHOD

Apparatus

Quantity

Test tube
Drop pipette
Dark bottle
Mortar
Bunsen Lamp
Twizzer
Test tube rack

10
1
1
1
1
1
1

2.1. Apparatus and Materials

Materials
Cyprinus carpio
Albumin
Gliceryne 50%
Carbon Paper
Matches
Benedict Reagent
Cooking Oil
Benzen
Aquades
Filter paper

Quan
1p
Suffic
Suffic
1p
1p
Suffic
Suffic
Suffic
Suffic
1p