Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preface
It gives us great pleasure to present this thoroughly revised edition of
OMTEX MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS for Standard XII, prepared
according to the pattern prescribed by the board.
A thorough study and practice of this edition with the help of Omtex
guidance (teaching + coaching) will enable the students to pass the HSC
Examination with flying colours.
Omtex
Note: - No part of this book may be copied, adapted, abridged or translated, stored in any
retrieval system, computer system, photographic or other system or transmitted in any form
or by any means without a prior written permission of the Omtex classes.
MATHS – II
ii. ∆4 (𝑎𝑏 𝑥 ) ∆2 𝑥 3
iv. ∈𝑥 3 vi. ∆𝑒 𝑥
∆2 ∈𝑒 𝑥
8. Show that 𝑒𝑥 . = 𝑒𝑥
∈ ∆2 𝑒 𝑥
∆𝑓 𝑥
9. Show that ∆𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑓 𝑥 = log 1 + 𝑓 𝑥
10. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 . Show that 𝑓 𝑥 , ∆𝑓, ∆2 𝑓 𝑥 , … … … … … . ∆𝑛 𝑓 𝑥 are in geometric progression.
11. Given: u0 = 3, u1 = 12, u2 = 81, u4 =100, u5 = 8, find∆5 𝑢0 .
12. Given: u2 = 13, u3 = 28, u4 = 49, find ∆2 𝑢2 .
13. Given: u2 = 13, u3 = 28, u4 = 49, u5 = 76. Compute ∆3 𝑢2 + ∆2 𝑢3 .
14. Prove the following:
i. ∆4 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 3 − 3𝑓 𝑥 + 2 + 3𝑓 𝑥 + − 𝑓 𝑥
ii. ∆4 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 4 − 4𝑓 𝑥 + 3 + 6𝑓 𝑥 + 2 − 4𝑓 𝑥 + + 𝑓 𝑥 .
iii. 𝑓 𝑎 + 3 = 𝑓 𝑎 + 3∆𝑓 𝑎 + 3∆2 𝑓 𝑎 + ∆3 𝑓 𝑎 .
iv. 𝑓 𝑎 + 5 = 𝑓 𝑎 + 5∆𝑓 𝑎 + 10∆2 𝑓 𝑎 + 10∆3 𝑓 𝑎 + 5∆4 𝑓 𝑎 + ∆5 𝑓 𝑎 .
15. Assuming that the difference interval h = 1, prove the following.
i. 𝑓 4 = 𝑓 3 + ∆𝑓 2 + ∆2 𝑓 1 + ∆3 𝑓 1 .
ii. 𝑓 7 = 𝑓 6 + ∆𝑓 5 + ∆2 𝑓 4 + ∆3 𝑓 4 .
iii. 𝑓 5 = 𝑓 4 + ∆𝑓 3 + ∆2 𝑓 2 + ∆3 𝑓 1 + ∆4 𝑓 1 .
iv. 𝑓 2 = 𝑓 1 + ∆𝑓 0 + ∆2 𝑓 −1 + ∆3 𝑓 −1 .
𝝀𝒙 𝒆−𝝀
𝑷 𝒙 =
𝒙!
Note: - For a Poisson distribution Mean = Variance = 𝝀.
For a Poisson variate parameter is known as 𝝀 and𝝀 = 𝒏𝒑. If 𝒏 ≥ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 & 𝝀 ≤ 𝟏𝟎.
1. For a Poisson distribution with 𝜆 = 0.7, find p(2).
2. For a Poisson distribution with 𝜆 = 0.7, find 𝑝(𝑥 ≤ 2).
3. If a random variable x follows Poisson distribution such that p(1) = p(2), find its mean and
variance.
4. The probability that an individual will have a reaction after a particular drug is injected is 0.0001.
If 20000 individuals are given the injection find the probability that more than 2 having reaction.
5. The average number of incoming telephone calls at a switch board per minute is 2. Find the
probability that during a given period 2 or more telephone calls are received.
6. In the following situations of a Binomial variate x, can they be approximated to a Poisson Variate?
a. n = 150 p = 0.05
b. n = 400 p = 0.25
7. For a Poisson distribution with 𝜆 = 3, find p(2) , 𝑝 𝑥 ≤ 3 .
8. The average customers, who appear at the counter of a bank in 1 minute is 2. Find the probability
that in a given minute
a. No customer appears.
b. At most 2 customers appear.
9. The probability that a person will react to a drug is 0.001 out of 2000 individuals checked, find the
probability that
a. Exactly 3
b. More than 2 individuals get a reaction.
10. A machine producing bolts is known to produce 2% defective bolts. What is the probability that a
consignment of 400 bolts will have exactly 5 defective bolts?
11. The probability that a car passing through a particular junction will make an accident is 0.00005.
Among 10000 can that pass the junction on a given day, find the probability that two car meet
with an accident.
12. The number of complaints received in a super market per day is a random variable, having a
Poisson distribution with 𝜆= 3.3. Find the probability of exactly 2 complaints received on a given
day.
13. For a Poisson distribution if p(1) = p(2), find p(3).
14. In a manufacturing process 0.5% of the goods produced are defective. In a sample of 400 goods.
Find the probability that at most 2 items are defective.
15. In a Poisson distribution, if p(2) = p(3), find mean.
16. In a Poisson distribution the probability of 0 successes is 10%. Find its mean.
LIFE TABLES
1. Construct the life tables for the rabbits from the following data.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
lx 10 9 7 5 2 1 0
II. THE INDEX NUMBER BY THE METHOD OF AGGREGATES IS GIVEN IN EACH OF THE
FOLLOWING EXAMPLE. FIND THE VALUE OF X IN EACH CASE.
1. Index Number = 180 IV 7 10
Commodity Base year Current Year V 14 𝑥
P0 P1 [Ans. 𝑥 = 15]
A 12 38 3. Index Number = 120
B 28 41 Commodity Base Year Current Year
C 𝑥 25 P0 P1
D 26 36 I 40 60
E 24 40 II 80 90
[Ans. 𝑥 = 10] III 50 70
2. Index Number = 112.5 IV 𝑥 110
Commodity Base Year Current Year V 30 30
P0 P1 [Ans. 𝑥 = 100]
I 3 5
II 16 25
III 40 35
EX. NO. 2.
WEIGHTED AGGREGATIVE INDEX NUMBERS.
1. For the following data find Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Dorbish – Bowley’s and Marshall – Edgeworth
Index Numbers. [Ans. 134.2, 130, 132.1, 132.05]
Commodities Base Year Current Year
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 20 3 25 4
B 30 5 45 2
C 50 2 60 1
D 70 1 90 3
2. For the following data find Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Dorbish - Bowley’s and Marshall –
Edgeworth Index Numbers. [Ans. 144.11, 149.2, 146.66, 147.422]
Commodities Base Year Current Year
Price Quantity Price Quantity
1 10 3 20 3
2 40 4 60 9
3 30 1 50 4
4 60 2 70 2
EX. NO. 3.
COST OF LIVING INDEX NUMBER
THERE ARE TWO METHODS TO CONSTRUCT COST OF LIVING INDEX NUMBER.
1. AGGREGATIVE EXPENDITURE METHOD.
2. FAMILY BUDGET METHOD.
1. Taking the base year as 1995, construct the cost of living index number for the year 2000 from
the following data. [Ans. 137.5]
Group 1995 2000
Price Quantity Price
Food 23 4 25
Clothes 15 5 20
Fuel and Lighting 5 9 8
House Rent 12 5 18
Miscellaneous 8 6 13
17
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
2. The price relatives I, for the current year and weights (W), for the base year are given below
find the cost of living Index number. [Ans. 221.3]
Group Food Clothes Fuel & Lighting House Rent Miscellaneous
18
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
19
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
4𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 25, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖. 𝑥 𝑖𝑖. 𝑦 𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑏𝑦𝑥 𝑖𝑣. 𝑏𝑥𝑦 𝑣. 𝑟
12. 𝐼𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑒 10𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 62 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑
6𝑥 + 57 − 50 = 0. 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟. 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝜎𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝜎𝑦 = 2.
13. 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 66 = 0 & 40𝑥 − 18𝑦 = 214.
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 9. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆. 𝐷. 𝑜𝑓 𝑦.
14. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑓 30 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑓𝑒 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓
𝜎 2 9
𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 60 = 0. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 40, 𝜎 𝑥 = 25 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟.
𝑦2
15. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 50 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 3𝑦 − 5𝑥 + 18 = 0. 𝑇𝑒 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑖𝑠 44 𝑎𝑛𝑑
9
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑖𝑠 16 𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦.
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡.
16. 𝐴𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 50 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑅𝑠. 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑠. 𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑥 = 8500, 𝑦 = 9600, 𝜎𝑥 = 60, 𝜎𝑦 = 20, 𝑟 = 0.6
17. 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑛 = 5, 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦, 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠. 𝑥 = 30, 𝑦 = 40, 𝑥 2 = 220, 𝑦 2 = 340, 𝑥𝑦 = 214.
18. 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦.
𝑛 = 8, 𝑥 = 40, 𝑦 = 32, 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 32, 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 16 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 6.
𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑤𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 5.
19. 𝑁 = 50, 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 10000, 𝑥 = 500, 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 20000, 𝑦 = 1000,
𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 9800. 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 12.
20
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
MATHS – I
21
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
22
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
xi. Some students are obedient.
xii. No artist is cruel.
xiii. All students are lazy.
xiv. Some students are lazy.
xv. All students are intelligent.
xvi. Some students are intelligent.
xvii. All triangles are polygons.
xviii. Some right-angled triangles are isosceles.
whether the following statements are true or false xix. All doctors are honest.
a. All wild animals are dogs. xx. Some doctors are honest.
b. Some dogs are wild.
23
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
CH. NO. 2. LIMIT
Ex. No. 1. [Algebraic Limits]
𝑥 3 +6𝑥 2 +9𝑥 3
𝑥 3 −𝑥−7 53 14. lim𝑥→−3
1. lim𝑥→4 𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 +3𝑥−9 4
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥−2 26
𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 3
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 1 15. lim𝑥→1 −
2. lim𝑥→−2 2 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3 2
𝑥 −𝑥+3 3
𝑥 5 −243 135
𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −12 16 16. lim𝑥→3
3. lim𝑥→2 3 2 2 𝑥 2 −9 4
𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥−2 7
𝑥 3 −𝑥−24 26 𝑦 2 −4𝑦+3 2
4. lim𝑥→3 17. lim𝑦→3
𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −36 33 2𝑦 2 −3𝑦−9 9
3𝑥 3 +4𝑥 2 −6𝑥−1 11 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥−1 7
5. lim𝑥→1 18. lim𝑥→1
2𝑥 3 −𝑥−1 5 𝑥−1 2
𝑥 4 −3𝑥+2 1 𝑥 3 −64 16
6. lim𝑥→1 19. lim𝑥→4
3𝑥 4 −𝑥−2 11 𝑥 3 −15𝑥−4 11
𝑥 3 −2𝑥 2 −4𝑥+8 4 𝑥 2 −9
7. lim𝑥→2 20. lim𝑥→3 (3)
𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 +8𝑥−4 1 𝑥 3 −6𝑥 2 +11𝑥−6
𝑥 3 −𝑥−24 𝑥 2 +2𝑥 𝑥−3
8. lim𝑥→3 [𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑] 21. lim𝑥→1 (5)
𝑥 3 −6𝑥 2 +9𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑥 3 −8𝑥 2 +16𝑥 𝑥 2 +3 3𝑥−12 5
9. lim𝑥→4 0 22. lim𝑥→ 3
𝑥 3 −𝑥−16 𝑥 4 −9 12
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 1 𝑥 4 −168
10. lim𝑥→1 23. lim𝑥→ 2 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 5
𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −5𝑥+3 2
8𝑥 3 −1 𝑥 4 −16
11. lim𝑥→1 (3) 24. lim𝑥→2 (−32)
3
2 4𝑥 −𝑥
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥−4 𝑥 7 +𝑥 4 −2
12. lim𝑥→ 25. lim𝑥→1 3 (11)
2 𝑥 2 −3 2𝑥+4 (−3) 𝑥 −2𝑥+1
𝑥 2 +𝑥 3−6 3
13. lim𝑥→ 3 3
𝑥 −3𝑥 2
Ex No 2. [Algebraic Limits]
1 2 1 1 1
1. lim𝑥→2 − 9. lim𝑥→1 − (1)
𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −2𝑥 2 𝑥−1 𝑥 2 −𝑥
1 5 1 3𝑥 4 11
2. lim𝑥→5 − 10. lim𝑥→1 −
𝑥−5 𝑥 2 −5𝑥 5 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3 12
1 9𝑥 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 𝑥 3 −27 169
3. lim𝑥→3 − (0) 11. lim𝑥→3 −
𝑥−3 𝑥 3 −27 𝑥 2 −9 𝑥 2 +𝑥−12 42
1 2 3 1 4
4. lim𝑥→2 − 12. lim𝑥→2 − (1)
𝑥−2 𝑥 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2 2 𝑦−2 𝑦 3 −2𝑦 2
1 1 1 1
5. lim𝑥→2 − −3 13. lim𝑥→2 − (1)
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 2𝑥 2 −7𝑥+6 𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2
1 1 2 1 27
6. lim𝑥→4 − (− ) 14. lim𝑥→3 − (1)
𝑥 2 3𝑥−4 𝑥 2 −13𝑥+36 25 𝑦−3 𝑦 4 −3𝑦 3
1 1 1
7. lim𝑥→−3 − −
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+3 𝑥 2 +8𝑥+15 2
1 1 3
8. lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 2 −3𝑎𝑥 +2𝑎 2
− 2𝑥 2 −3𝑎𝑥 +𝑎 2 (− 𝑎 2 )
24
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
Ex No 3
𝒙𝒏 − 𝒂𝒏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝒏𝒂𝒏−𝟏
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙 − 𝒂
𝑥 3 −𝑎 3 3 1
1. lim𝑥→𝑎 ( 7) 12.lim→0
10
𝑥 −𝑎 10 10𝑎 𝑎+ 8 −𝑎 8 8𝑎 7
𝑥 25 −𝑎 25 5𝑎 10 1 1
2. lim𝑥→𝑎 ( ) 13.lim𝑥→2
𝑥 2 −22 3
𝑥 15 −𝑎 15 3𝑎 1 1 5
𝑦 5 −𝑏 5 5 𝑥 3 −23 26
3. lim𝑦→𝑏 ( ) 3 3
𝑥− 𝑎 2
𝑦 9 −𝑏 9 9𝑏 4
𝑦 15 −𝑏 15 3
14.lim𝑥→𝑎 1
𝑥− 𝑎
4. lim𝑦→𝑏 ( ) 3𝑎 6
𝑦 20 −𝑏20 4𝑏 5
𝑥 2 −4 4 2
𝑥 7 −128 7 15.lim𝑥→2
5. lim𝑥→2 𝑥 𝑥−2 2 3
𝑥 6 −64 3 𝑥 2 −22 4 2
𝑥 6 −64 3 16.lim𝑥→2 3 3
6. lim𝑥→2 𝑥 2 −22
3
𝑥 10 −1024 80
𝑥 8 −38 𝑥+𝑥 +𝑥 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+𝑥 𝑛 −𝑛
2 3
7. lim𝑥→3
2 17.lim𝑥→1
𝑥 12 −312 243 𝑥−1
𝒏
𝑥 7 −57 7 Note: 𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝒂 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅]
8. lim𝑥→5 𝟐
𝒏
𝑥 10 −510 1250
𝑥 −6 −𝑎 −6 3𝑎 2 Ans. [𝟏 + 𝒏]
𝟐
9. lim𝑥→𝑎 ( ) 3
𝑥 −8 −𝑎 −8 4 10−𝑥 −2 1
𝑥 −5 −𝑎 −5 5𝑎 2 18.lim𝑥→2 −
10.lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−2 12
𝑥 −7 −𝑎 −7 7
𝑎+ 6 −𝑎 6
11.lim→0 6𝑎5
Ex No 4 [Rationalizing]
𝑥+6−3 1 𝑥+1 1
1. lim𝑥→3 11.lim𝑥→ −1
𝑥 2 −9 36 ( 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+5− 𝑥 2 +1) 2
2𝑥+1−3 1 3
𝑥 −4−2
2. lim𝑥→4 12. lim𝑥→2 −6
𝑥 2 −𝑥−12 21 20−𝑥 2 −4
𝑥 2 +𝑥−20 𝑥 2 + 𝑥+6− 12 37
3. lim𝑥→4 (24) 13.lim𝑥→3
3𝑥+4−4 𝑥 2 −9 36
𝑥 2 −6𝑥+5 𝑥+3−2 1
4. lim𝑥→5 (−8) 14.lim𝑥→1
14−2𝑥−2 2𝑥−1−1 4
𝑥 2 +17−9 8 𝑎+𝑥− 𝑎−𝑥 1
5. lim𝑥→8 15.lim𝑥→0
𝑥 2 +𝑥−72 153 4𝑥 4 𝑎
𝑥 3 −5𝑥−12 𝑥+2𝑎− 3𝑎 1
6. lim𝑥→3 (11) 16.lim𝑥→𝑎
2𝑥 2 −9−3 𝑥 2 −𝑎 2 4 3𝑎 3
𝑥 4 −64𝑥 𝑥+− 𝑥 1
7. lim𝑥→4 240 17.lim→0
𝑥 2 +9−5 2 𝑥
𝑥 2 −16 8
8. lim𝑥→4 18.lim→0
𝑥+ − 𝑥 3 3 𝑥
3
𝑥 𝑥−8 3
2
2+𝑥− 𝑥 2 +𝑥−7 1
9. lim𝑥→3 19.lim𝑥→2
6+𝑥− 10−𝑥 1
9−𝑥 2 2 5
𝑥 2 −4 8 2
𝑥 2 −4 4 2
10.lim𝑥→2
𝑥 𝑥−2 2 3
25
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
𝑎+− 𝑎 1 8+𝑥−3 2
20.lim→0 22.lim𝑥→1 −
𝑎+ 2𝑎 5−𝑥−2 3
3𝑥+4−4 3 𝑥 3 + 𝑥+2−10 49
21.lim𝑥→4 23.lim𝑥→2
5𝑥−4−4 5 𝑥 2 −4 16
Ex. No. 5 Trigonometric Limits
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝟏 & 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟏
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
𝑠𝑖𝑛 25𝑥 2 sin 5𝑥 2𝜃 +3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 5
1. lim𝑥→0 25 11. lim𝑥→0 (25) 21. lim𝜃 →0
𝑥 𝑥2 3𝜃 +5𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 8
𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥 sin 𝑥 2 +5𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥 sin 𝑥−1 2
2. lim𝑥→0 (𝜋) 12. lim𝑥→0 (5) 22. lim𝑥→0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑥
3. lim𝑥→0 4 𝑆𝑖𝑛 3 2𝑥 23. lim𝑥→0 ( 2)
𝑥 13. lim𝑥→0 (8) 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝑥 5 𝑥3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
4. lim𝑥→0 sin 2
𝑥
1 24. lim𝑥→0
4𝑥 4 14. lim𝑥→0 2
𝑥3 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 3 𝑥2 4 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥 9
5. lim𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 6𝑥 24 25. lim𝑥→0
2𝑥 2 15. lim𝑥→0 𝑥2 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 5𝑥 2 5
6. lim𝑥→0 1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑥 𝑚 2
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝑥 75 26. lim𝑥→0
16. lim𝑥→0 𝑥2 2
7. lim𝑥→0 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 1 7𝑥 2 7 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑥 𝑚2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
17. lim𝑥→0
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
2 27. lim𝑥→0 ( )
8. lim𝑥→0 0 𝑥 2 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑛2
𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 3 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 +2𝑥 8 28. lim𝑥→0 (2)
9. lim𝑥→0 18. lim𝑥→0 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑥 2 3𝑥+2𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 9
7𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
10. lim𝑥→0
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 2 19. lim𝑥→0 3𝑥 2 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
10
𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 3 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 7
20. lim𝜃 →0
3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 +𝜃 2 3
26
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
Ex. 7. Exponential Limits
𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟏 + 𝒙 𝒙 =𝒆
5
𝒙→𝟎
log 1+3𝑥
1. lim𝑥→0 1 + 2𝑥 𝑥 =𝑒 10 10.lim𝑥→0 =3
3
𝑥
log 5+𝑥 −log 5−𝑥 2
2. lim𝑥→0 1 + 4𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑒 12 11.lim𝑥→0 =
4 𝑥 5
5𝑥 20 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10+log (𝑥+0.1)
3. lim𝑥→0 1 +
𝑥
=𝑒 3 12.lim𝑥→0 = 10
3 𝑥
5 1 𝑥+1
4𝑥 2𝑥 1 13.lim𝑥→0 [𝑙𝑜𝑔10 + log ]=1
4. lim𝑥→0 1 − = 𝑥 10
10 log 7+𝑥 −log 7−𝑥 2
7
𝑒7 14.lim𝑥→0 =
1 𝑥 7
1+3𝑥 𝑥 7 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 1
5. lim𝑥→0 =𝑒 15.lim𝑥→3 =
1−4𝑥 𝑥−3 3
1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 1
4𝑥+1 𝑥 16.lim𝑥→2 =
6. lim𝑥→0 = 𝑒8 𝑥−2 2
1−4𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −1 1
1 17.lim𝑥→𝑒 =
2+𝑥 𝑥 𝑥−𝑒 𝑒
7. lim𝑥→0 =𝑒 1
2−𝑥
1
18.lim𝑥→1 𝑥 𝑥−1 =𝑒
1
4−8𝑥 𝑥 1
8. lim𝑥→0 =− 13 19.lim𝑥→2 𝑥 − 1 𝑥−2 =𝑒
4+5𝑥 1
𝑒4
log 1+𝑝𝑥 20.lim𝑥→0 𝑥 − 3 𝑥−4 =𝑒
9. lim𝑥→0 =𝑝
𝑥
27
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
1+cos 𝜋𝑥 𝜋2 3−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 4
21.lim𝑥→1 2
= 26.lim𝑥→𝜋 =
1−𝑥 2 3 𝜋−3𝑥 3
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
22.lim𝑥→𝜋 = 27.lim𝑥→𝜋
4 𝜋−4𝑥 2 𝜋−6𝑥
6
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
23.lim𝑥→𝜋 = 28.lim𝑥→𝜋
4 𝜋−4𝑥 2 2 1− 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
4
3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥
24.lim𝑥→𝜋 = 29.lim𝑥→𝜋
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −1
−
1
2 𝜋−2𝑥 3
4 1−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 2
5+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −2 1
25.lim𝑥→𝜋 =
𝜋−𝑥 2 8
𝒇 𝒙+𝒉 −𝒇(𝒙)
Ex. 9. Using first principle find 𝒇′ 𝒙 or Find 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒉→𝟎
𝒉
1. 𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 1 17. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
9. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 18. 𝑓 𝑥 = sin2 𝑥
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥3 10. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 19. 𝑓 𝑥 = cos 2 𝑥
4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥4 11. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 20. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
5. 𝑓 𝑥 =
1
12. 𝑓 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥2 21. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥
13. 𝑓 𝑥 =
1 22. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎2𝑥
6. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥+3 2
23. 𝑓 𝑥 = log 3𝑥 + 2
7. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐 14. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1 24. 𝑓 𝑥 = log (2𝑥 − 1)
8. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 15. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
16. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥
Ex. 10.
𝑓 2+ −𝑓 2
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim→0 𝟕
𝑓 3+ −𝑓 3
2. 𝐼𝑓 lim→0 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡, 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5 𝟗
𝑓 𝑥 −𝑓 1 𝟏
3. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim𝑥→1 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3
𝑥 2 −1 𝟒
𝑓 1+ −𝑓 1 𝟏
4. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim→0 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 7 − 2𝑥 −
𝟓
𝑓 3+ −𝑓 3
5. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 lim→0 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 7 − 2𝑥 −𝟏
𝑓 −3+ −𝑓 −3 1 𝟏
6. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim→0 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥−5 − 𝟔𝟒
𝑓 2+ −𝑓(2) 1 𝟏
7. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 lim→0 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +2 −𝟗
𝑓 1+ −𝑓(1) 𝑥+5
8. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim→0 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥+1 (−𝟏)
28
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
Continuity
Ex. No. 1.
I. Discuss the continuity for the following functions and if the function discontinues,
determine whether the discontinuity is removable.
𝑒 3𝑥 −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑥2
=4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3 − 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 1;
=2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1.
3𝑥 −1 2
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑥)
= 2𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑥 2 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
=4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥+6−3
5. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 3;
𝑥 2 −9
1
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3.
2
𝑒 5𝑥 −𝑒 2𝑥
6. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥
=1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
3−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝜋
7. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 3 ;
𝜋 −3𝑥
4 𝜋 𝜋
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = , 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = .
3 3 3
5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −1 𝜋
8. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 2 ;
−𝑥
2
𝜋 𝜋
= 2𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = , 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = .
2 2
5𝑥 −3𝑥
9. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
2𝑥 −1
5
log 3
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑥 2 −16
10. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 4;
𝑥−4
=9 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 4, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 4.
11. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2;
= 4𝑥 + 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 , 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2.
12. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2;
=4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2.
13. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 3;
= 2𝑥 + 5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3.
29
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
Ex. No. 2.
𝑒 3𝑥 −1
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0;
𝑎𝑥
= 1, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0;
log
(1 + 𝑏𝑥)
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 & 𝑏.
4𝑥
2
3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 0 .
𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑥)
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑥
=𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑘.
2
7𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1
4. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+5𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 0 .
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 0 .
𝑥2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑘𝑥
6. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑘, 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 0 = 3.
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
15 𝑥 −3𝑥 −5𝑥 +1
7. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 0 .
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
8. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝛼, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0;
= 2 𝑥2 + 1 + 𝛽 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝛼&𝛽 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 0 = 2.
9. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝛼, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 0;
= 2 𝑥2 + 1 + 𝛽 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝛼&𝛽 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 2 = 4.
30
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
CH. NO. 3. DIFFERENTIATION (DERIVATIVES)
EX. NO. 1. 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒙.
1. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 6.
5
+
1
− 𝑥𝑛 11. 𝑥 1 +
3
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2. 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 1 4 1 1
7. 5𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 12. + 5−𝑥
3. 𝑥 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎 1
𝑒 −𝑥
4 8. + sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥
4. 7𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3
𝑥2
−1
1 9. tan 𝑥 + sec −1 𝑥
5. 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
1 2
10. 𝑥+ 𝑥
EX. NO. 2.
1. 5𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 19.
1+𝑥
32.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1−𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥3 1+ 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
20. 33.
3. 4𝑥 𝑥 4 1− 𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥 2 +1 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
4. 𝑥 −3 3𝑥 21. 34. 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥 2 −1
5. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
22.
3𝑥−5 35.
6. 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 2𝑥+3 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −1
𝑥 3 −5𝑥+2 36.
7. 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 23. 𝑒 𝑥 +1
2𝑥+1
8. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥−1 37.
3+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
EX. NO. 3.
1
1. 𝑥2 + 1 5
6.
4 𝑥 2 +1
2. 2𝑥 + 3 1
3 7.
2𝑥+1
3. 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1 2
1
8. 2𝑥 + 1 +
4. 𝑎2 − 𝑥2 𝑥 2 +3
5. 1 − 𝑥2
31
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
1
9.
1−𝑥 46.
𝑥 2+ 𝑎 2+ 𝑥 2+ 𝑏2
1+𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑒 3𝑥
47. 𝑎
10. 𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1
48. 𝑥 2 . 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
11. 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2
1
49. 𝑥 3 cos 𝑥 2
12. 3 50. 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
2𝑥 2 −5𝑥+1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
13. 𝑥+ 𝑥 51. 𝑎
1
14. sin 3𝑥 52. 𝑦 = 7𝑥+𝑥
15. cos 8𝑥 + 5 53. 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
16. sin2 𝑥 54. log (tan1 𝑥)
17. sin3 𝑥 55. log 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
18. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 56. (log 𝑥)3
19. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 (𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2
57. log
20. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0 58. log 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2
21. sin−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
59. log[𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ]
22. tan−1 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎2 𝑥
23. sin−1 𝑥 2 60. + sin−1
2 2 𝑎
24. tan−1 𝑥 2 61.
𝑥 𝑥 2 −𝑎 2 𝑎2
− 2 log 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2
𝑥 2
25. sin−1 𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑎 2 𝑎2
𝑎
62. + log 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2
𝑥 2 2
26. sin−1 2
3
𝑥 𝑥−2 5
63. log 𝑒 𝑥+3
−1 𝑥
27. sin 2𝑎 𝑥+1
1 64. log 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑥−5
28. sin−1 𝑥
29. log 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 3 1+2𝑥 2
65. log 53𝑥
30. log 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥−1
32
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
33
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
3
2𝑥−1 2 20. 𝑥 log 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
4. 5 1 −1
𝑥+1 3 3𝑥−2 3 21. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑥 3 −1
3
2𝑥−1 22. 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (sin 𝑥) 𝑥
5.
𝑥−3 4𝑥−1 23. 𝑥 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
6.
𝑎+𝑥
𝑥2 + 5 24. 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑎−𝑥
25. (sin 𝑥)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 .𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
7. 1−2𝑥 26. 𝑥 + log 𝑥 𝑥+1
𝑥
8. 𝑥 27. cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥
9. 𝑥 28.
𝑥 1+𝑥 2
10. 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 29.
11. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 sin −1 𝑥
12. 𝑥 30.
1−𝑥 2
13. (tan−1 𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
31. 1+𝑥 2
14. sin−1 𝑥 cos 𝑥
(tan −1 𝑥)𝑥
15. 𝑥 sin 𝑥
−1 32.
1+𝑥 2
16. cos−1 𝑥 𝑥 33. 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑎
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑦
19. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑎3
10. If 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 show that 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
20. If 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 = 1, Show that = −𝑦 2 +1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
21. If sec 𝑥−𝑦
= 𝑎, 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
34
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
22. If sin−1 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
= log 𝑎, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
23. If cos−1 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = tan−1 𝑎, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 3 −𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
24. If log 𝑥 3 +𝑦 3 = 𝑎, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
25. If cos−1 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 2𝑘, show that 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 tan2 𝑘
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑎
26. If tan−1 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 𝑎, show that 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
27. If 𝑥 4 𝑦 5 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 9 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
28. If 𝑥 3 𝑦 𝑘 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 3+𝑘
, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
29. If 𝑥 𝑝 𝑦 𝑞 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑝+𝑞
, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
30. If 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑚 +𝑛
, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin 2 (𝑎+𝑦)
31. If sin 𝑦 = 𝑥. sin 𝑎 + 𝑦 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
32. If 𝑦 = 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦, show that 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 1−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
33. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 1+𝑥𝑦
34. If 𝑦 = 𝑥. 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 , show that =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1−𝑥𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑘
35. If 𝑦=𝑘 , show that =
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑘
𝑑𝑦 − 1+𝑦 1−𝑥 2
36. If 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦, show that =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1−𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑥 𝑚
37. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎
38. 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑦
39. If 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 , show that =
𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2
40. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −1
41. If 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦 , Prove that 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 2
42. If 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑥 , Prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 −1
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
43. If log 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = tan−1 show that =
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 5−𝑦
44. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 5𝑥−𝑦 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 5𝑥
35
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
5. If 𝑥 = sin2 𝜃 and 𝑦 = tan 𝜃 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝜃 = 4
𝑑𝑦
6. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sec 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan 𝜃, show that = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
7. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin3 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos3 𝜃 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑡 + cot 𝜃 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝜃
8. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = = tan 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑡
9. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 1 − cos 𝑡 , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = cot 2
𝑑𝑦
10. If 𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 2 sin3 𝜃, 𝑦 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 2 cos3 𝜃, 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝜃
𝑑𝑦
11. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜃 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑦 2𝑚 3 −1
12. If 𝑥 = 1+𝑚 3 , 𝑦 = 1+𝑚 3 , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑚 2
𝑎 1−𝑡 2 2𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑡 2 −1
13. If 𝑥 = 2 ,𝑦 = 2 , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 =
1+𝑡 1+𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑡 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡
14. If 𝑥 = 𝑒 ,𝑦 = 𝑒 , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 + = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
15. If 𝑥 = 𝑒 , 𝑦=𝑒 , 𝑆𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
−1 𝑡 −1 1 𝑑𝑦
16. If 𝑥 = sin 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = cos , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = 1
1+𝑡 2 1+𝑡 2
2𝑏𝑡 1−𝑡 2 𝑑𝑢 𝑏2𝑣
17. If 𝑢 = 1+𝑡 2 , 𝑣 = 𝑎 1+𝑡 2
, 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑎 2 𝑢
18. Differentiate 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 with respect to 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑥 1
19. Differentiate tan−1 with respect to sec −1 2𝑥 2 −1
1−𝑥 2
1+𝑥 2 +𝑥
20. Differentiate log with respect to log 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1+𝑥 2 −𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝜃
21. If 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 , 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃, 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 = tan
𝑑𝑥 2
22. Differentiate 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 with respect to 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥.
23. Differentiate log10 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 with respect to cos 𝑥
1−𝑥 2
24. Differentiate tan−1 𝑥
with respect to cos−1 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
25. Differentiate tan−1 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 with respect to sec −1 𝑥
−1 2
26. Differentiate cos 2𝑥 − 1 with respect to 1 − 𝑥 2
27. Differentiate cos −1 2𝑥 − 1 with respect to 1 − 𝑥 2
𝑐 𝑑𝑦
28. If 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 , 𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 = − cot 2𝜃.
2 𝑑𝑥
36
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
37
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
error of 2cm is made in measuring the 12. If the radius of a spherical balloon
edge. Also find the percentage error. increases 0.1%. Find the approximate %
7. The volume of a cone is found by increase in its volume.
measuring its height and diameter of base 13. Under ideal conditions a perfect gas
as 7 cm and 5 cm respectively. It is found satisfies the equation PV = K; where P =
that the diameter is measured incorrectly Pressure, V = Volume and K = Constant. If
to the extent of 0.06 cm. Find the K = 60 and Pressure is found by
consequent error in the volume. measurement to be 1.5 unit with error of
8. The diameter of a spherical ball is found 0.05 per unit. Find approximately the
to be 2cm with a possible error of error in calculating the volume.
0.082mm. Find approximately the possible 14. In ∆ABC, ∠B is measured using the
error in the calculated value of the volume 𝑎 2 +𝑐 2 −𝑏 2
formula 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = 2𝑎𝑐
. Find the error
of the ball.
in calculation of ∠B if an error of 2% is
9. Side of an equilateral triangle is measured
made in the measurement of side b.
as 6cm with a possible error of 0.4mm.
15. Area of the triangle is calculated by the
Find approximate error in the calculated 1
value of its area. formula 𝑏𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴. If ∠A is measured as 300
2
10. Find the approximate % error in with 1% error. Find the % error in the
calculating the volume of a sphere, if an area.
error of 2% is made in measuring its 16. Time (T) for completing certain length (L)
radius. is given by the equation 𝑇 = 2𝜋
𝑙
where
11. If an error of 0.3% in the measurement of 𝑔
the radius of spherical balloon, find the g is a constant. Find the % error in the
%error in its volume. measure of period, if the error in the
measurement of length (L) is 1.2%.
38
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
7. Product of two Natural Number is 144. Find them when their sum is minimum.
8. Divide 70 in two part, such that
i. Their product is maximum
ii. The sum of their square is minimum.
9. Divide 100 in two part, such that the sum of their squares is minimum.
10. Divide 12 in two parts, so that the product of their square of one part and fourth power of the
other is maximum.
11. Divide 10 in two part, such that sum of twice of one part and square of the other is minimum.
12. The perimeter of a rectangle is 100 cm. Find the length of sides when its area is maximum.
13. Perimeter of a rectangle is 48cm. Find the length of its sides when its area is maximum.
14. A metal wire 36cm long is bent to form a rectangle. Find its dimensions when its areas is
maximum.
15. A box with a square base and open top is to be made from a material of area 192 sq. cm. Find
its dimensions so as to have the largest volume.
16. An open tank with a square base is to be constructed so as to hold 4000 cu.mt. of water. Find
its dimensions so as to use the minimum area of sheet metal.
17. Find the maximum volume of a right circular cylinder if the sum of its radius and height is 6
mts.
39
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
40
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
2
25. 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 32. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 40. 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
26. 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1 33. sec 2 3𝑥 − 1 41. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥
sin 2 𝑥 42. 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 34. 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
27. 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 43. 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛7𝑥
sin 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
28. 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 35. 44. sin−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
29. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 36. 45. tan−1
sin 2 𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −4 −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
30. 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 37. 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 46. tan 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
31. cos 2 𝑥𝑠𝑖 𝑛 2 𝑥 38. 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 47. tan −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
39. 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
Ex. No. 3. Integrate the following functions
Note: - Whenever the degree (Highest Power of a polynomial equation) of the numerator is
greater than or equal to the degree of the denominator then divide the numerator by
denominator.
𝑥 2+𝑥 5𝑥 2 +𝑥−1
1. 7. 13.
𝑥+1 2−𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑥+3 𝑥 2 +1
2. 𝑥 2 −1
𝑥−3 8. 14. 𝑥 2 +1
𝑥−1
2𝑥+3
3. 2𝑥 2 +𝑥 𝑥
𝑥+1 9. 15.
𝑥−1 𝑥+1 2
2𝑥+1
4. 𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 +2𝑥+3 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+3
𝑥+2 10. 16.
5𝑥+4 2𝑥−1 𝑥 −1 2
5. 5𝑥 2 −6𝑥+3
𝑥+2 11.
2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
6. 5𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1
3𝑥−2
12. 2𝑥−1
41
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
1 4𝑥+10 𝑒𝑥
28. 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 .log 49. 𝑥 2 +5𝑥−1 70. 𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑒 2 −1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 3 5𝑥
29. 50. 2𝑥 2 +3 71. 𝑥+
1
𝑥 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 2𝑥+6
30. 𝑒 sec 2 𝑥 51. 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+10 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
72. 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 2−𝑥
31. 52. 6+4𝑥−𝑥 2 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
2𝑥 73. 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
(cos −1 𝑥) 2 3𝑥
32. 53. 1−𝑥 2 1
74. 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1−𝑥 2
−1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑒 sin 54. 𝑥+3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
33. 75. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1−𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 .𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 55. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
34. sin 4 𝑥 log 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 76.
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
(sin −1 𝑥) 3 56. 𝑥
35. 3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +1 cos 2 𝑥 77.
1−𝑥 2 1 𝑥 2 +1
cos −1 𝑥 57. 78.
𝑥
36. 1+𝑒 𝑥 1−𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥 2 −𝑎 2
1−𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑒−1 +𝑒 𝑥 −1 𝑥
𝑒 tan
−1 𝑥 58. 79.
𝑥 𝑒 +𝑒 𝑥 1−𝑥 2
37. 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 2𝑥+1
1+𝑥 2
(tan −1 𝑥)
sin
59. 𝑥+sin 2 𝑥 80. 𝑥62+𝑥−5
38. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 2𝑥+3
1+x 2 60. log
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
81.
𝑥 2 +3𝑥−1
39. 𝑥𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2 1 𝑒𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑥
61. 2𝑥+𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 82.
40. 3 𝑒 𝑥 +1
1+𝑥 2 1 1
1
62. 83.
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
41. 𝑥 𝑥
2+3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2
63. 84.
42. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 1+𝑥 1−𝑥 2−3 sin 2 𝑥
𝑥3 𝑎−𝑥
43. 𝑥𝑠𝑖 𝑛 2
1 64. 85.
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 3+𝑥 2 3−𝑥 2 2𝑎𝑥 −𝑥 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 𝑥+1 65. acos 2 𝑥+𝑏𝑠𝑖 𝑛 2 𝑥 86.
44. sin 2 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥𝑒 𝑥
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
𝑥𝑡𝑎 𝑛 𝑥 2
−1 66. 1+𝑒 −𝑥 87.
45. 𝑎 2 sin 2 𝑥+𝑏 2 cos 2 𝑥
1+𝑥 4 𝑒 2𝑥 −1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
46. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 67. 𝑒 2𝑥 +1
𝑒 𝑥 +1
1 1 𝑛 1 68. 𝑒 𝑥 −1
47. −
𝑎 𝑥 𝑥2 1
2𝑥+1 69. 𝑒 𝑥 +1
48. 𝑥 2 +𝑥+5
42
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
1 𝑒𝑥
1. 2𝑥 + 1 𝑥+1 17. 33.
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 16−𝑒 2𝑥
3𝑥+4
2. 18.
1 𝑥2
𝑥−3
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 34.
𝑥2 1+𝑥 6
3. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑥+1 19. 35.
sin 𝑥+𝑎 𝑥 4 +25
2
4. 𝑥 𝑥+1 20. cos
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑎𝑥
𝑥−𝑎 36.
𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 𝑎 2𝑥 −9
5. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 sec 2 𝑥
𝑥+1 21. cos 37.
𝑥−𝑎 3 tan 2 𝑥+2
𝑥 2 +𝑥+3
6. sin 𝑥−𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥−1 22. sin 38. 25−cos 2 𝑥
𝑥+𝑎
2
7. 𝑥 2𝑥 − 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 sec 2 𝑥
23. cos 39. 4 tan 2 𝑥−9
(2 sin 2 𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −3)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥−𝑎
8. cos 𝑥+𝑎 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1
24. cos 40. 𝑥
2𝑒 2𝑥 +9𝑒 𝑥 +5)𝑒 𝑥 𝑥−𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 +9𝑥
9. sin 𝑥−𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 +1
25. sin 41. 4 sin 2 𝑥−3
tan 1+ 𝑥 𝑥 −𝑏
10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥 cos 𝑥−𝑎
26. cos 42. 4+sin 2 𝑥
cot 1+ 𝑥 𝑥−𝑏
11. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥 27. sin
1 43. 4 sin 2 𝑥+5
tan 2+3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥−𝑎 sin 𝑥−𝑏
12. 1 𝑎+𝑥
𝑥 28. cos 44.
𝑥−𝑎 cos 𝑥 −𝑏 𝑎−𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
13. 1
𝑥 29. sin 𝑥+1
sec 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥−𝑎 cos 𝑥−𝑏 45. 𝑥−1
14. 1
𝑥 30. cos 𝑥−𝑎 sin 𝑥−𝑏
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
15. 1+tan 2 𝑥
𝑥 31. 1−tan 2 𝑥
1
16. 1
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 32. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 .cos 2 𝑥
43
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
1 5 1
1. 7. 13.
𝑥 2 +6𝑥+10 4−2𝑥−𝑥 2 3𝑥 2 −4𝑥−3
5 1 1
2. 8. 14.
4𝑥 2 +4𝑥−15 4+4𝑥−3𝑥 2 3+4𝑥−4𝑥 2
1 1 1
3. 9. 15.
3𝑥 2 −4𝑥+5 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+3 9+8𝑥−𝑥 2
1 1 𝑒𝑥
4. 10. 16.
9𝑥62+6𝑥+5 3𝑥 2 −4𝑥+2 𝑒 2𝑥 +4𝑒 𝑥 +13
1 1
5. 11.
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+5
1 1
6. 12.
15+4𝑥−4𝑥 2 4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3
44
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
1 1 1
10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 13. 3+2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 16. 5+3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
1 1 1
11. 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 14. 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 17. 1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
1 1
12. 13+3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 15. 4+5𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
45
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
𝑥−1 1
7. 2
9.
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +1
2
𝑥+1 𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 +6
8. 10.
𝑥−1 2 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
𝒆𝒙 [𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒇′ 𝒙 ]𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒄
3. 4 𝑥3
𝑑𝑥 11. 4 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
∞ −𝑥
0 18. 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
4. 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
2 𝑥2
0 12. 0
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥 6 36−𝑥 2
2 𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑑𝑥 𝜋 19. 𝑑𝑥
1 3𝑥−2 3 𝑥2
1 𝑑𝑥 13. 2
0
sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 4−𝑥 2
6. −1 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝜋 20. 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥2
1 1−𝑥 2 14. 𝜋
2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
7. 0 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 3 21. 2 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3
2 𝑑𝑥
8. 𝑑𝑥 15. 0
4 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 22.
𝜋 𝑥
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
0 𝑥− 𝑥−1 0
46
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
𝜋 1 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 27. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑑𝑥
23. 2
0
𝑑𝑥 25. 2
0 1−2𝑥 2 0
5+3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑥 2
1 1−𝑥 2 𝜋
24. −1 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 26. 4
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
0 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑏 𝑎
2. 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑏
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑏 𝑐 𝑐
3. 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
4. 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑓 𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
5. 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
6. 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 0
𝑓 2𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
7. –𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑
= 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑.
𝜋 ∞ 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1. 𝑑𝑥 8. 2 𝑑𝑥 15. 0 1+𝑥 1+𝑥 2
1 𝑥+ 3−𝑥 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 𝑥+2
𝜋 3 1
2. 𝑑𝑥 9. 2
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 16. 0 𝑥+ 9−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥+2+ 5−𝑥 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝜋 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
4 5−𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 17.
3. 5 𝑥−4+ 5−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 10. 2 𝑑𝑥 0 𝑥+ 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
2 𝑥 𝜋
1 18. 0 1+cos 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
4. 0 𝑥+ 2−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 11. 2 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
0 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1 𝑥 𝜋
1
19. 4
0
log 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5. 0 𝑥+ 1−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 12. 𝜋
3
𝑑𝑥 𝜋 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 20. 𝑑𝑥
4 6
5 𝑥+4 0 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
6. 𝑑𝑥 𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
0 𝑥+4+ 4 9−𝑥
4 13. 0 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥 21.
1
𝑥 1 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥
0
3 𝑥+2 4 𝑑𝑥 4 𝑥
7. 0 𝑥+2+ 5−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 14. 0 𝑥+ 16−𝑥 2 22. 𝑑𝑥
0 4−𝑥
47
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
EX. NO. 1.
A. Form the differential equations by eliminating the arbitrary constant.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥2 𝑎 + 𝑥 19.
𝑥2
+
𝑦2
=1
𝑎2 𝑏2
2. 𝑦 = 𝐴. 𝑒 𝑥
20. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 −3𝑥
3𝑥
3. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 −𝑥
21. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝐵𝑥
4. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2
𝑐 22. 𝑦 =𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
5. 𝑦 = 𝑐2 + 𝑥
23. 𝑦 = 𝐴. 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐵. 𝑒 5𝑥
6. 𝑥 − 𝑎 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 24. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥
7. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 25. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
8. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 26. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 − 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛7𝑥
9. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 = 0 27. 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑦 = 1
10. 𝑦 = 4 𝑥−𝑐 2 28. 𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑦 2 = 4
11. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 1 29. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑥 2 + 𝐶2 𝑥
12. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎 30. 𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑦 2 = 5 (Note: Important sum use
13. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 the condition for consistency)
14. 𝑦 = sin 𝑎𝑥 𝑥2 𝑦2
31. 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 = 1
15. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 + 𝑎
16. 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 32. 𝐶1 𝑥 2 + 𝐶2 𝑦 2 = 5
17. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏
𝑥 𝑦
18. 𝑎
+𝑏 =1
EX. NO. 2.
𝑑𝑦
1. Solve 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
2. Solve the differential equation 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦
3. Solve the differential equation = 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
4. Solve 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = sin 𝑥 + 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 − 𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
5. Solve = sin 𝑥 + 𝑦 + cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑢.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑦 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0 when
𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑒 2 .
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
7. Solve the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 by substituting 𝑥 = 𝑣.
𝑑𝑦 2
8. Solve = 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 by using substitution 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 𝑢.
𝑑𝑥
9. Solve 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0.
10. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 1 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 =
4 𝑤𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2.
48
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑦 2
11. Solve 𝑑𝑥 = 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦+1
12. Solve the D.E. 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑥+𝑦 −1
13. Solve the D.E. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
14. Solve 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑦2 + . Hence find the particular solution if 𝑦 = 2 𝑤𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
15. Solve the equation 𝑒 + 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
16. Verity that 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏 is a solution of 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑑𝑥 = 0.
17. Verify that 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 is the general solution of the differential equation
𝑑2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
+ 9𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑦
18. Find the particular solution of the differential equation: 𝑥 + 1 − 1 = 2𝑒 −𝑦 when
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 1 & 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥+6𝑦−2
19. Solve the differential equation = , by taking 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑡.
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+3𝑦+3
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
20. Verify that 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 is a solution of the D.E. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑟 1 + 𝑑𝑥
.
𝑑𝑦 1
21. Find the order and degree of the D.E. 𝑑𝑥 = .
3 𝑑𝑦 2
1+
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
22. Determine the order and degree of the differential equation. 𝑑𝑥 2 + 3 1 − 𝑑𝑥
− 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑2𝑦 1
23. Determine the order and degree of the D.E. + 𝑑𝑦 2
= 𝑦.
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 1
24. Determine the order and degree of the differential equation 5 𝑑𝑥
= 10𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥
49
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
CH. NO. 7. MATRICES
Ex: 1
A.
1. Consider the Matrices
4 4 −6 3
2 3
𝐴 = [2 −1 3 4], 𝐵= 6, 𝐶= , D = −2 4 1 ,
3 1
1 6 5 2
𝑎 3 5 7
E= , F = [5 6 −7], G = [ ]
3 𝑏 𝑎 6
Answer the following questions.
a. State the orders of the matrices A, C, D, G.
b. Which of these are row matrixes?
c. If G is a triangular matrix. Find a.
d. If e11 = e12. Find a.
e. For D, state the values of d21, d32, d13.
6 3
4. If 𝐴 = is a singular matrix, find a.
−4 𝑎
6 −5 1
5. If 𝐴 = 4 2 −1 is a singular matrix, find k.
14 −1 𝑘
B.
1. Consider the matrices.
1 2 3 −5 1 −1 𝑎−𝑏 2 3 𝑎
𝐴= ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = ,𝐷 = ,𝐸 = ,
−1 3 4 2 2 3 −1 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏−𝑎 2
2 −1 𝜋
2 1 3 2 sin 3
𝐹= ,𝐺 = 1 2 ,𝐻 = 2
−1 2 4
3 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 2 4
Answer the following questions.
i. 𝐴𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶, 𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻, 𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺, 𝐹 ′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙.
ii. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = 𝐷, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
iii. 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 = 𝐸, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
𝑎 − 4𝑏 5 11 5
2. If = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
6 −𝑎 + 𝑏 6 −5
𝑎 + 2𝑏 2−𝑏 2 3
3. Find 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑖𝑓 =
𝑏+𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 1 2
50
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
Ex: 2
4 3
2 −1 −3 2 1 6 2 5 2 −2 6
1. 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = ,𝐷 = 2 2 ,𝐹 = ,𝐹 =
3 5 6 −1 5 −1 5 𝑎 4 −3 −5
−2 1
Answer the following.
a. Can you find,
i. A + B; ii. A + C; iii. B + D, iv. B’ +D; v. A + A’; vi. D + D’; vii. C + F’.
b. If A + F = 0, find b.
c. If C – E = I, Find a.
3 −1 2 −1 2 4 8 2 4
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 =
4 3 −5 8 −1 3 −2 3 7
Verify the following.
a. A + B = B + A
b. A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
c. A – (B – C) = A – B + C.
d. 3(A + B – C) = 3A +3B – 3C
e. A + B ’ = A’ + B’.
6 3 0 −1
3. If 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐴 − 3 𝐵.
2 1 3 −2
4 5 10 1
4. Find 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 + 𝑥=
3 6 0 −5
1 2
5. If 𝐴 = , 𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐵 𝑠𝑢𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0.
3 4
1 2
6. If 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝐴 + 3𝐵 = 0, find the matrix B.
−3 4
3 2 1 8
7. If 𝐴 = find the matrix ‘X’ such that 𝐴 − 2𝑋 = .
1 5 7 −6
1 2 2 1 0 1
8. If 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = Find the matrix C such that A + B + C is a zero matrix.
−3 −1 0 2 1 3
2 1 1 2
9. If 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = Find the matrix X such that 2X + 3A – 4B = 0.
2 4 −3 0
4 5 7 11
10. Find the matrix ‘X’ such that 3𝑋 + = .
1 −3 −8 9
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦−𝑧 3 −1
12. Find x, y & z if =
𝑧 − 2𝑥 𝑦−𝑥 1 1
51
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
Ex: 3
1. Find the following products:
4 2 3
−2 3
𝑎. [2 3 −1] −1 𝑏. [3 4] 𝑐. [−2 4] 𝑑. [6 5 ]
−1 −2 𝑒. [4 𝑥 0 0
]
1 0 𝑦
3 2
𝑎
𝑥 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
𝑓. [2 𝑥 ] −1 𝑔. [8 −4] . [𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏
] 𝑖. [𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ]
2 𝑐 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
2. Find x in the following cases.
3 −𝑥
−1
𝑎. [−3 2] = [1] 𝑏. [4 𝑥 1] −2 = [8] 𝑐. [4 𝑥 ] 𝑥 = [21]
𝑥
𝑥
2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑. [5 𝑥 −1] 𝑥 = [20] 𝑒. [𝑥 2𝑥 3𝑥 ] 2 = [0] 𝑓. [𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ] 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = [5]
4 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Ex: 4
A.
1. Find AB and BA whenever they exist in each of the following cases.
2 5 3 1
2. 𝐴 = ,𝐵 =
2 5 1 3
2 3 1 −2 3
3. 𝐴 = , 𝐵=
1 −2 0 −1 2
1 0 2 −1 3
4. 𝐴 = ,𝐵 =
1 −1 0 0 1
2 3 −1 0 2 0
5. 𝐴 = 5 −1 0 , 𝐵 = 1 2 3
3 2 1 1 −1 2
4
6. 𝐴 = [3 −1 2], 𝐵 = 3
−5
1 0 −3 16 −6 9
7. 𝐴 = 4 3 −2 , 𝐵 = −18 7 −10
1 2 4 5 −2 3
1 −2 5 6 −2 0
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = [ ] Then verify the following
4 3 7 8 8 3
𝒂. 𝐴 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 𝐶 𝒃. 𝐵 𝐴 − 𝐶 = 𝐵𝐴 − 𝐵𝐶 𝒄. 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶
2 −1 2 5 7 −1 6 4
3. If 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = [ ] verify the following.
3 3 −3 −2 1 3 2 1
𝒂. 𝐴 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶. 𝒃. 𝐴 𝐵 − 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝐶.
1 2 2
4. If 𝐴 = 2 1 2 show that 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 is a scalar matrix.
2 2 1
52
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
0 3 3 𝑥
5. If 𝐴 = −3 0 4 , 𝐵 = 𝑦 , 𝐵′ = [𝑥 𝑦 𝑧] 𝑆. 𝑇. 𝐵′ 𝐴 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑁𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥.
−3 −4 0 𝑧
3 2 𝑎 1 4 5
=
4 1 5 𝑏 3 5
2 𝑥
1 2 𝑥 5 3 5 −3 −7 1 2 0 1 3 1
a. = b. 4 −2 0 = 𝑦
3 2 2 𝑦 −5 7 7 −1 2 1 3 2 3 8
1
1 3 4 𝑥 9 3 𝑥
𝑦 3
i. −2 0 6 = 8 𝑖𝑖. 2 [1 2] = 𝑦
−1
5 2 −3 𝑧 −4 2 𝑧
1 0 5 1 0 1 2 𝑥
[𝑥 𝑦 𝑧] 2 3 7 = [−4 −4 7] 2
ii. 𝑖𝑖𝑖. 5 0 1 − 3 −2 3 = 𝑦
1 𝑧
−4 2 1 1 1 3 1
1 2 𝑥 𝑦 3 7 0 7
7. Find x, y, z, a, b, c if =
3 2 3 −1 𝑧 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1 0 1 2 𝑥
2
8. If 𝐴 = 0 1 , 𝐵 = −2 3 , 𝐶 = , 𝑋 = 𝑦 Find the values of x, y, z if 5𝐴 − 3𝐵 𝐶 = 𝑋
1 𝑧
1 1 3 1
4 1
1 −6 4
9. If 𝐴 = 5 2 , 𝐵= Find the Matrix AB and without computing the Matrix BA, show
2 0 3
3 4
that AB ≠ BA.
3 −5 1 −2
10. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = Verify that AB ≠BA.
2 0 3 4
11.
1 2
1 3 2
i. If 𝐴 = 3 2 , 𝐵= , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵
4 −1 −3
−1 0
2 1 1 2
ii. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵= 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴 . |𝐵|
0 3 3 −2
0 1
−2 0 1
12. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = 2 3 show that AB is a Non singular matrix.
1 2 3
1 −1
2 4
13. If 𝐴 = , Show that 𝐴2 is a null matrix.
−1 −2
53
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
1 −1
14. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = show that 𝐴2 = 2𝐴.
−1 1
2 4
15. 𝑎. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = [ ] Show that A satisfies the Matrix Equation 𝐴2 = 3𝐴 + 2𝐼.
1 1
1 2
𝑏. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 − 2𝐼 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑍𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥.
3 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝
16. If 𝐴∝ = show that 𝐴𝛼 𝐴𝛽 = 𝐴𝛽 𝐴𝛼 = 𝐴𝛼 +𝛽
−𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝
Ex: 5
3 2 8 4
1. If 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = show that AB = 0.
12 8 −12 −6
1 2 4 3 2 1
2. If 𝐴 = 𝐵= ,𝐶 = show that BA = CA.
−1 −2 5 3 7 5
3. Show that AB = AC does not imply that B = C.
3 4 5 6
4. 𝑎. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= show that AB = BA.
4 3 6 5
−3 6
𝑏. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = show that 𝐴2 = 𝐴.
−2 4
3 1 2 5
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= show that 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴2 − 𝐵2
−1 3 −5 2
3 2 6 18
6. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= show that
12 8 −9 −27
𝑎. 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵𝐴 + 𝐵2 𝑏. 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵2 .
8 4 5 −4
7. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵= show that
10 5 10 −8
𝑎. 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵2 𝑏. 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴2 − 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵2 .
2 −2 −4 −1 2 4
8. If 𝐴 = −1 3 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 1 −2 −4
1 −2 −3 −1 2 4
𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2
1 −1 1 𝑎
9. If 𝐴 = and 𝐵 = such that 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 & 𝑏.
2 −1 4 𝑏
1 2 2 𝑎
10. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵= and 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 , find a and b
−1 −2 −1 𝑏
Ex: 6
I. Write down the following equation in the Matrix Form and hence find values of x, y, z using
Matrix method.
1. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 12; 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 15 ; 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 13.
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6; 3𝑥 – 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 10 ; 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 3.
3. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4; 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑧 = 11.
4. 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 4 = 0; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4; 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑧 = 11.
5. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1; 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 10; 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4.
6. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 10 ; 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 21.
54
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
II. Solve the following equation by the methods of reduction.
1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7; 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 6; 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 7.
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 4; 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 5; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 4.
3. 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1; 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1; 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2.
4. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3; 7𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4
5. 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3; 𝑥 − 2𝑡 + 𝑧 = −8; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −7
6. 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 2; 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1.
Ex: 7
A. Find the inverse of each of the following Matrices by using elementary transformations.
3 1
𝐵. 1. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 7𝐼 = 0, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
−1 2
2 4
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 = 2𝐼, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
1 1
1 3
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 + 3𝐼 = 0, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
0 3
1 2 2
4. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = 2 1 2 , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 = 5𝐼, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
2 2 1
3 1 7 3
𝐶. 1. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑋 𝑠𝑢𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵.
−1 2 0 6
1 0 1 2 3
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑋 𝑠𝑢𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵.
−1 1 4 5 6
1 3 4
4. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 + 𝐼 = −1 1 3 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐴 + 𝐼 𝐴 − 𝐼 .
−2 −3 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 =
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
55
OMTEX CLASSES
“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
0 1
−2 0 0 −1
6. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= 2 3 , 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝐵 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.
−2 −1 3
1 −1
2 −1 3 1 −1
7. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 .
1 0 2 1
1 𝜔 𝜔2 𝜔 𝜔2 1
8. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = 𝜔 𝜔2 1 , 𝐵 = 𝜔2 1 𝜔 𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝐵 = 0,
𝜔2 1 𝜔 1 𝜔 𝜔2
𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑤 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦.
−1 1 1 2 4
9. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1 , 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = , 𝐵=
0 1 1 3
56