INSTRUCTIONS

DATA NEEDED FOR SHEET "PRESSURE LOSS CALCULATION"

01) Flow rate (*)

Pipe flow rate in liters per minute (l/min)

ex.

180

02) Internal diameter of pipe (*)

See sheet "INTERNAL DIAMETER OF PIPE" and

select the internal diameter for the chosen pipe
(example: for a pipe HDPE 63 mm PN 6, fill in 54.6
mm)

ex.

54.6

03) Pipe length (*)

Fill in the length of the pipe in metres

ex.

300

04) Equidistant outlets (*)

Use 1, if the pipe is used to supply water to only one

point. Up to 15 outlets use the exact number and for
more than 15 use always 15. The higher the number
of equidistant outlets on a pipe, the lower the
pressure loss will be, as we will have a gradual
decrease of the flow rate

ex.

05) Roughness coefficient (*)

See sheet "ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT" to select

coefficient according to pipe material (example: PVC
= 150)

ex.

150

06) Temperature (*)

Viscosity of the water causes different friction loss

and increases for lower temperatures up to 4C, then
it decreases. Default setting should be 20 C. Values
can be sett from 1C to 30C.

ex.

20

07) Inlet pressure (#)

Inlet pressure in bars

ex.

4.0

08) Slope downwards (#)

Slope downwards in meters

ex.

3.0

09) Slope upwards (#)

Slope upwards in meters

ex.

1.0

70,084

m/s

1.28

RESULTS
10) Reynolds number

Used for determining whether a flow will be laminar

or turbulent and allows to choose the most idoneous
equation to calculate the pressure loss

09) Velocity

Velocity of water in m/sec. See table "Velocity" for

design recommendations

10) Type of flow

Indicates if the flow is laminar (to avoid), turbulent

(good) or high turbulent

ex.

Turbulent

11) Density of water

Indicates the weight in kilograms for one cubic meter

of water in relation to the temperature given in
position 6.

Kg.

998.2

12) Pressure loss

Gives the value for the pressure loss in meters, bars

and atmosphere

ex.

0.939

NOTE
(*) necessary data to calculate the pressure loss
(#) necessary data to create the graph and to verify if the pipe class (PN)
is sufficient

Pressure Loss Calculation

Equations used are Darcy-Weisbach - Hagen-Poiseuille - Blasius - Watters Keller

Pipe Description

PN

Nominal Diameter

HDPE 100 S80

10

63

DATA

01) Flow Rate *

l/min

100.0

mm

49.8

03) Pipe - Length *

360.0

04) Equidistant outlets *

05) Roughness coefficient *

140

06) Temperature *

20

07) Inlet Pressure #

bar

4.00

08) Slope - Downwards #

0.0

09) Slope - Upwards #

0.0

02) Pipe - Internal Diameter *

##

###

RESULTS

###

42,689

###

m/sec

0.86

###

Turbulent

###

13) Density of the water

Kg/m3

998.2

###

14/a) Pressure loss in

5.932

14/b) Pressure loss in

bar

0.582

14/c) Pressure loss in

atm

0.574

10) Reynolds number

11) Velocity
12) Flow type

Pressure Loss
4.10
4.00
3.90
3.80
3.70
3.60
3.50
3.40
3.30
3.20
3.10
Inlet Pressure

End Pressure

3.40
3.30
3.20
3.10
Inlet Pressure

End Pressure

INNER DIAMETER OF THE PIPE

Pipe Size

HDPE

Outer Diam. PN 2,5 PN 3,2 PN 4

LDPE

PN 6 PN 10 PN16

HDPE 100 S80

PN 4

PN 6

PN10

13.2

12.8

10.6

PN 4

PVC

PN 6 PN 10 PN 16 PN 25 PN 4

PN 6 PN 10

3/8"

16

1/2"

20

16.8

15.4

13.4

16.8

16.6

13.6

15.2

13.2

3/4"

25

21.0

19.4

16.8

21.6

19.8

17.0

19.4

17.0

21.8

1"

32

27.4

25.0

21.6

28.2

25.6

21.8

27.0

25.0

22.2

28.8

1 1/4"

40

34.4

31.4

27.2

34.4

32.0

27.6

34.0

31.4

27.8

36.4

36.0

1 1/2"

50

43.2

39.4

34.4

43.2

40.4

34.6

42.6

39.4

34.8

46.4

45.2

2"

63

54.6

49.8

43.4

54.6

51.0

43.6

53.8

49.8

44.2

59.2

57.0

2 1/2"

75

65.0

59.4

51.6

65.0

60.6

52.0

64.2

59.6

52.6

70.6

67.8

3"

90

81.8

78.2

71.4

62.0

78.2

72.8

62.6

77.0

71.4

63.2

84.6

81.4

4"

110

100.0

95.6

87.6

76.0

95.6

89.2

76.6

100.2

94.4

87.6

77.4

105.6

103.6

99.4

4"

125

113.8

108.8

99.4

86.4

101.4

89.2

113.8

107.4

99.4

88.0

120.0

117.6

113.0

5"

140

131.2

127.6

122.0

111.4

96.8

127.8

120.4

111.6

98.6

134.4

131.8

126.6

6"

160

148.6

145.8

139.4

127.4

110.8

146.0

137.6

127.4

112.8

153.6

150.6

144.6

6"

180

167.4

164.2

157.0

143.4

124.8

164.2

154.8

143.4

127.0

172.8

169.4

162.8

8"

200

188.8

186.0

182.6

174.4

159.4

138.8

182.6

172.0

159.4

141.0

192.0

188.2

180.8

8"

225

212.4

209.2

205.4

196.4

179.4

156.0

205.6

193.6

179.4

158.8

216.0

211.8

203.4

10"

250

236.0

232.4

228.2

218.2

199.4

173.6

235.2

228.4

215.4

199.6

176.6

240.2

235.4

226.2

10"

280

264.4

260.4

255.8

244.6

223.4

257.6

256.0

241.2

223.6

269.0

263.6

253.2

12"

315

297.6

293.0

287.6

275.2

251.4

296.6

288.2

271.4

251.6

302.6

296.6

14"

355

335.4

330.4

324.4

310.2

283.4

334.4

324.6

305.8

283.4

341.0

334.2

16"

400

378.0

372.2

365.6

349.6

319.4

376.8

366.0

344.8

319.6

384.2

376.6

20"

450

425.4

418.6

411.4

393.4

359.4

424.0

411.8

388.0

359.6

480.4

20"

500

472.6

465.4

457.0

437.2

471.0

457.6

440.8

409.2

24"

560

529.4

521.2

512.0

489.8

527.8

512.6

495.6

24"

630

595.6

586.4

576.0

551.0

593.8

576.8

555.8

28"

710

671.2

661.0

649.4

621.0

669.2

650.0

625.8

32"

800

756.4

744.8

731.8

754.2

742.0

705.2

36"

900

850.0

836.6

823.2

856.0

834.8

793.4

40"

1000

943.2

929.8

914.8

951.0

927.6

881.4

285.0

STEEL

LAYFLAT

Pipe
Size

PN 16 LEG. MED. PES. BLUE GREY Outer Diam.

9.1

8.6

10.9

3/8"

16

16.8

12.7

12.1

14.6

1/2"

20

21.2

16.4

15.8

20.1

3/4"

25

27.2

21.8

21.3

25.3

1"

32

34.0

27.4

26.9

34.0

1 1/4"

40

42.6

36.1

35.6

39.9

39.5

39.5

1 1/2"

50

53.6

42.0

41.5

50.7

53.0

53.0

2"

63

63.8

53.2

52.5

66.3

2 1/2"

75

76.6

68.8

68.1

78.0

78.0

78.0

3"

90

93.6

80.7

80.0

102.3

105.0

105.0

4"

110

106.4

125.0

104.1

4"

125

119.2

128.8

128.8

5"

140

136.2

156.5

155.0

6"

160

153.2

6"

180

170.2

8"

200

8"

225

10"

250

10"

280

12"

315

14"

355

16"

400

20"

450

20"

500

24"

560

24"

630

28"

710

32"

800

36"

900

40"

1000

ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT
Material
Asbestos Cement
Brass
Brick sewer
Cast-Iron - new unlined (CIP)
Cast-Iron 10 years old
Cast-Iron 20 years old
Cast-Iron 30 years old
Cast-Iron 40 years old
Concrete
Copper
Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP)
Galvanized iron
Glass
Lead
Plastic, PE
PVC, CPVC
Smooth Pipes
Steel new unlined

Hazen-Williams Coefficient
-C140
130 - 140
100
130
107 - 113
89 - 100
75 - 90
64-83
120 - 140
130 - 140
140
120
140
130 - 140
140
150
140
140 - 150

Steel

130

Steel riveted

110

Tin

130

Wood Stave

120

RECOMMENDED WATER VELOCITY

Pipes outer diameter from:
Pipes outer diameter from:
Pipes outer diameter from:
Pipes outer diameter from:
Pipes outer diameter from:

mm
16 - 25
32 - 40
50 - 63
75 - 90
> 90

inches
1/2" - 3/4"
1" - 1 1/4"
1 1/2" a 2"
2 1/2" a 3"
> 3"

Velocity
0,60 m/sec
1,00 m/sec
1,40 m/sec
1,50 m/sec
1,60 m/sec

PRESSURE LOSS REPORT

DATA

Unit

Value

Type of pipe
Nominal pressure
Outer diameter
Inner diameter
Pipe length
Equidistant outlets
Roughness coefficient
Temperatura dell'acqua
Inlet pressure
Slope - Downwards
Slope - Upwards

bar
mm
mm
m
n
C
C
bars
m
m

Density of the water

Kg/m3

998.2

Reynolds number
Velocity of water
Type of flow

m/sec
-

42,689
0.86
Turbulent

Pressure loss

bar

0.58

Pressure at pipe end

bar

3.42

HDPE 100 S80

10
63
49.8
360
1
140
20
4.00
0
0

RESULTS

PRESIUNE
TIMP[ DEBIT[
DEBIT[l
DINAMICA[b
DEBIT[m3/h]
s]
l/s]
/m]
ar]
5

10

120

7.20