Code No: RR410406 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. List the various frequency bands being used in satellite communication. Compare
the advantages and disadvantages of different bands considering the effects of prop-
agation media. [16]

2. (a) Draw and geometry of a geostationary link showing elevation, azimuth and
range. [8]
(b) A geostationary satellite moving in an equatorial circular orbit is at a height
of 35786 km. from the earth?s surface. If the earth radius is taken as 6378
km, determine the theoretical maximum coverage angle and maximum slant
range. [8]

3. What is attitude of satellite? Explain control mechanism employed for it. [16]

4. (a) Why uplink frequency is higher than downlink frequency. Explain“in detail”.
[6]
(b) Explain various antennas structure employed for satellite communication.[10]

5. (a) Define Noise temperature. How it is used to calculate noise power and derive
an equation for C/N ratio for the antenna delivering a power Pr to the receiver
with a IF gain of the receiver G(G is a ratio). [8]
(b) Calculate the system noise temperature of the earth station receiver shown,
assuming appropriate factors as shown in figure5b [8]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 1

Figure 5b
6. (a) A 36 MHz satellite transponder is accessed by sequence-synchronous CDMA
users with bit rate 9.6 kbps. Gold sequences with a length of m=10 are used.
The link carrier-to-noise plus interference ratio is C/N = - 8 dB. Assume PSK
is used as carrier modulation. Find the number of users the transponder can
accommodate at Pe = 10−5 . [8]
(b) Consider a fast-hop FSK-FH-CDMA satellite channel where M hops are per-
formed per bit. The number of frequency slots in the channel is n. Find the
probability of intercepting k users in one bit interval. [8]

7. (a) What do you mean by monopulse and conical scanning technique? Explain in
brief. [8]
(b) Explain on what factors an earthstation is classified as large or small? [8]

8. Explain about various equipment used in earth station for its satisfactory operation
. [16]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Mention some important milestones in the development of satellite communication

and describe its growth. [16]
2. Compare the propagation effects in the maritime, aeronautical and land mobile
satellite channels. [16]
3. Explain in detail about telemetry subsystem with neat block diagram. [16]
4. (a) Explain how power is generated in satellite. [6]
(b) What is an eclipse? How it affects the satellite function? Explain the way by
which the satellite functions normally. [10]
5. (a) Define Noise temperature. How it is used to calculate noise power and derive
an equation for C/N ratio for the antenna delivering a power Pr to the receiver
with a IF gain of the receiver G(G is a ratio). [8]
(b) Calculate the system noise temperature of the earth station receiver shown,
assuming appropriate factors as shown in figure5b [8]

Figure 5b
6. Explain the Frequency Division Multiple Access of Satellite System with one ex-
ample. [16]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 2
7. (a) A 14/11 GHz antenna has a G/T ratio of 40.3dB at 11.2 GHz. The antenna
gain is 64dB and the system noise temperature at 10 deg elevation angle
in clear air conditions is 234k. The antenna aperture efficiency and noise
temperature are detailed in the list below. During heavy rain, the slant path
attenuation reaches 8dB for 0.01 percent of the year. Calculate G/T ratio
for their fraction of the year and the corresponding reduction in C/N for the
received signal. [10]
Aperture efficiency: 71.3%
Sky noise at 10deg elevation: 30k
LNA noise temperature: 150k
(b) Explain in detail how geostationary satellites are tracked from the earth sta-
tion? [6]

8. (a) Draw the simplified diagram of large Earth station equipment using FDM/FM/FDMA
technology and explain each block in detail. [10]
(b) Explain the functions of major RF components used in the above Earth station
design. [6]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain in detail the role of satellite in communication applications such as TV,

Telephone and data transfer. [16]

2. Describe the salient features of Direct Broadcast Satellite system with neat sketches.
[16]

3. Explain about spacecraft subsystem in detail. [16]

4. Explain about the various effects and their remedies of external satellite environ-
ment around satellite antenna. [16]

5. (a) Define Noise temperature. How it is used to calculate noise power and derive
an equation for C/N ratio for the antenna delivering a power Pr to the receiver
with a IF gain of the receiver G(G is a ratio). [8]
(b) Calculate the system noise temperature of the earth station receiver shown,
assuming appropriate factors as shown in figure5b [8]

Figure 5b
6. (a) Compare the performance of TDMA and FDMA. [6]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 3
(b) Describe the Multiple Access Information flow with suitable block diagram.
[10]

7. (a) A 14/11 GHz antenna has a G/T ratio of 40.3dB at 11.2 GHz. The antenna
gain is 64dB and the system noise temperature at 10 deg elevation angle
in clear air conditions is 234k. The antenna aperture efficiency and noise
temperature are detailed in the list below. During heavy rain, the slant path
attenuation reaches 8dB for 0.01 percent of the year. Calculate G/T ratio
for their fraction of the year and the corresponding reduction in C/N for the
received signal. [10]
Aperture efficiency: 71.3%
Sky noise at 10deg elevation: 30k
LNA noise temperature: 150k
(b) Explain in detail how geostationary satellites are tracked from the earth sta-
tion? [6]

8. (a) What is up conversion process? What for it is used in satellite communication?

Explain how it is being done in satellite communication. [10]
(b) Describe various encoding codes employed in satellite communication. [6]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Mention some important milestones in the development of satellite communication

and describe its growth. [16]

2. Discuss in detail the orbital effects in satellite communication system performance.

[16]

3. Explain about spacecraft subsystem in detail. [16]

4. (a) Explain about redundancy configuration of power generation? How is it being

implemented? [6]
(b) With neat block diagram explain the operation of communication subsystem.
[10]

5. (a) Define Noise temperature. How it is used to calculate noise power and derive
an equation for C/N ratio for the antenna delivering a power Pr to the receiver
with a IF gain of the receiver G(G is a ratio). [8]
(b) Calculate the system noise temperature of the earth station receiver shown,
assuming appropriate factors as shown in figure5b [8]

Figure 5b

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 4
6. Explain the Frequency Division Multiple Access of Satellite System with one ex-
ample. [16]

7. (a) A 14/11 GHz antenna has a G/T ratio of 40.3dB at 11.2 GHz. The antenna
gain is 64dB and the system noise temperature at 10 deg elevation angle
in clear air conditions is 234k. The antenna aperture efficiency and noise
temperature are detailed in the list below. During heavy rain, the slant path
attenuation reaches 8dB for 0.01 percent of the year. Calculate G/T ratio
for their fraction of the year and the corresponding reduction in C/N for the
received signal. [10]
Aperture efficiency: 71.3%
Sky noise at 10deg elevation: 30k
LNA noise temperature: 150k
(b) Explain in detail how geostationary satellites are tracked from the earth sta-
tion? [6]

8. (a) Draw the block diagram of OUTDOOR unit for a DBS home receiver and
explain the function of each block. [10]
(b) Explain how beam steering can achieved in parabolic reflector antenna. [6]

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