Code No: RR210304 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Distinguish between path function and point function.

(b) Differentiate between flow and non-flow process. [8+8]

2. The rate of heat transfer to the surrounding from a person at rest is about 400kJ/hour.
Suppose that the ventilation system fails in a auditorium containing 100 people.
Assume energy goes in to the air of volume 1500m3 initially at 3000 K and 101 kpa.
Find the rate (degrees per minute) of the air temperature change. [16]

3. A heat pump working on the reversed Carnot cycle takes in heat from a reservoir
at 50 C and delivers heat to a reservoir at 600 C. The heat pump is driven by a
reversible heat engine which, receives heat from a reservoir at 8400 C and rejects
heat to a reservoir at 600 C. the reversible heat engine also drives a machine that
absorbs 30 kW. If the heat pump extracts 17kJ/s from the 50 C reservoir, determine

(a) the rate of heat supply from 8400 C source, and

(b) the rate of heat rejection to the 600 C sink. [16]

4. (a) Prove that irreversibility is created (entropy generated) whenever heat transfer
with finite temperature difference occurs.
(b) Explain the significance of entropy. [10+6]

5. (a) The specific volume of H2 at 1000 C is 1m3 /kg.

i. Determine the pressure exerted by H2 using Van der Wall’s equation.
ii. Compare the result obtained considering H2 as ideal gas. The values
of Van der Walls constant ‘a’ and ‘b’ are 25105 N m4 /(kg − mol)2 and
0.0262m3 /kg-mol.
(b) Determine for CO2
i. the reduced pressure at 100 bar, compressibility factor Z=0.71,
ii. reduced pressure at 300 C, Z = 0.98. The critical pressure pc = 73.9 bar,
and the critical temperature Tc = 304.2 K. [8+8]

6. (a) A gas mixture consists of 5 kmol of hydrogen and 5 kmol of nitrogen. Deter-
mine the mass of each gas and the gas constant of the mixture.
(b) Air is considered to be a mixture of 78% nitrogen and 22% oxygen by volume
if the small amounts of argon and carbon oxide present in the mixture are
neglected. Treating nitrogen and oxygen in air are to be the ideal gases, find
the gas constant CP and CV for air at 250 C. [6+10]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 1
7. (a) Derive an expression for air standard efficiency for an engine working on the
otto cycle.
(b) An air standard diesel cycle operator with a compression ratio of 14.8 and
a cut off ratio of 2. At the beginning of compression the air pressure and
temperature are 37.80 C and 1 bar respectively. Calculate
i. The maximum temperature in the cycle and the heat input per cycle.
[6+10]

8. Draw the line diagram of the Bell-Coleman refrigeration cycle retrigesetion. Ex-
plain with the help of a P-V diagram, different processes in the cycle. Explain its
advantages and disadvantages. [16]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Show that work is a path function and not a state function.
(b) Justify the statement that work and heat are not properties. [8+8]

2. A cylinder contains 0.115m3 of gas at 1 bar and 90o C. The gas is compressed to a
volume 0.0288m3 ,the final pressure being 5.67 bar. Calculate

(a) the mass of the gas

(b) the value of index of compression
(c) the increase in internal energy of the gas and
(d) the heat transfer during the compression.

If, after the above compression, the gas is to be cooled at constant pressure to
its original temperature of 90o C, find the further work of compression required.
Assume γ = 1.4 and R = 0.3 kj / kg K. [16]

3. (a) Prove: perpetual motion machine of the second kind is impossible.

(b) Three cubic metres of air at a pressure of 1bar and a temperature of 200 C
is compressed reversible and adiabatically to 4.5 bar. The same mass is then
expanded isothermally to the original volume. Calculate the final pressure of
the air, work done and the total entropy change. For air Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg.K
and R = 0.287J/kg.K (10) [6+10]

4. (a) Using Maxwell’s relations deduce the two Tds equations.

(b) Derive the equation

(∂V /∂T )s 1
=
(∂V /∂T )p γ−1
[8+8]

5. (a) Explain the difference between a Perfect gas and a Real gas. What are the
reason of deviation of a Real gas from Perfect gas.
(b) Write down the Vander Waal’s equation of state of a real gas explains its
significance.
(c) Determine the pressure of 2 moles of air at 400 K with a total volume of 0.5m3 .
Use the ideal gas law and the Vander Waal?s equation of state. [4+6+6]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 2
6. A gas mixture in an engine cylinder has 12% CO2 , 11.2% O2 and 76.5% N2 by
volume .The mixture at 10000 C expands reversibly, according to pV 1.2 =constant
to 7 times its initial volume. Determine the work done and heat transfer per unit
mass of the mixture. the average cp values for CO2 , O2 and N2 are 1.27 kJ/kgK ,
1.11 kJ/kgK and 1.196 kJ/kgK respectively. [16]

7. (a) Explain the Atkinson cycle with the help q P-V and T-S diagrams.
(b) An engine working on Atkinson cycle takes air at 1 bar and 250 c. The air is
compressed isoentropically by a compression ratio 6:1. The heat is added at
constant Volume resulting the find pressure to be 20 bars. Then the air is
expanded to a pressure of 1 bar calculate
i. pressure and temperature at various points on the cycle.
ii. Work done per Kg of air.
iii. Cycle efficiency. [6+10]

8. (a) Discuss the effect of superheat on the efficiency of Rankine cycle with the help
of T-S diagram.
(b) The following are the mean observations made during test on a steam turbine.
Duration of test = 2 hrs.
Power developed (turbine coupling) = 4500 kw
Total mass of steam condensed = 50, 000 kg
Steam pressure at stop value = 14 bar
Steam temperature at stop value = 3000 C
Barometric height = 76 cm of Hg
Vacuum = 72.5 cm of hg
Calculate the thermal efficiency of the turbine and also its efficiency ratio.
Assume that the condensate is returned to the boiler plant at the exhaust
saturation temperature. [6+10]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain thermodynamic system, surroundings and universe, illustrate the same
with examples.
(b) Distinguish between closed system, open system and isolated system with
suitable examples. [8+8]

2. (a) Derive the governing equation for the adiabatic process.

(b) Explain joules experiment in detail. [10+6]

3. (a) What is absolute temperature scale? Develop this scale from Carnot theorem
(b) A reversible engine during a cycle of operation interacts with three thermal
reservoirs maintained at 200K,300K and 400K. It receives 5 MJ of heat from
the reservoir at 400K and produces a net positive work of 840 kJ. Find the
amount and direction of heat interaction with other reservoirs. [8+8]

4. (a) Using Maxwell’s relations deduce the two Tds equations.

(b) Derive the equation

(∂V /∂T )s 1
=
(∂V /∂T )p γ−1
[8+8]

5. (a) What is compressibility factor? Explain the basic construction of generalized

compressibility chart.
(b) Derive the equations used for computing the entropy change of an ideal gas.
[6+10]

6. (a) Methane at 150kPa, 200 C enters an insulated mixing chamber at a rate of

1.0kg/s .It is mixed with air at 150kPa and 1800 C in an air methane mass
ratio of 15:1. The flow is steady and kinetic energy changes are negligible.
Ambient pressure and temperature are 100kPa 150 C. Determine:
i. The temperature of the mixture leaving the chamber and
ii. The irreversibility of the mixing per kg of methane.
(b) How gravimetric analysis can be compared with volumetric analysis? [10+6]

7. (a) Draw P-V and T-S diagram of a diesel cycle and explain different processes in
the cycle.

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 3
(b) Derive an expression for the efficiency of the ideal cycle for the diesel engine.
[8+8]

8. Steam is supplied, dry saturated at 40 bar to a steam turbine. The condenser

pressure is 0.035 bar. Calculate for the Ranking cycle for the following.

(a) The work output neglecting pump work.

(b) The feed pump work.
(c) The heat rejected by condenser and the amount of cooling water required
through the condenser if the temperature rise of the water is 5.50 C
(d) The heat supplied
(e) The Rankine efficiency. [16]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define and explain zeroth law of thermodynamics.

(b) Distinguish between adiabatic and isentropic process.
(c) Identify the proper type of system in each case and explain the reason for your
choice.
i. Electric generator
ii. Domestic tea kettle
iii. Electric fan
iv. A living human being. [4+4+8]

2. A cylinder closed at both ends contains a free piston, on one side of which is
nitrogen and other side air. The initial pressure and volume of each being 1.03 bar
and 0.5m3 respectively. Both the piston and cylinder are perfectly insulated. In
the cylinder on the air side of the piston there is an electric heater which is used
to heat the air. Heat is added to the air in this manner until the volume occupied
by the nitrogen is 0.3m3 . The initial temperature of each gas is 50o C. Determine

(a) the final temperature of air and

(b) the heat supplied to air. Assume Cp for air as 1.005 and R for air as 0.287 kj
/ kg K and γ = 1.4 for nitrogen. Also draw the PV diagram. [16]

3. (a) Draw neatly the sequences of operation of Carnot engine on p-v and T-s
diagrams. Show that the entropy change during the cycle is zero
(b) A Carnot engine operates between 1000K and 300K. the change in entropy of
the source is 0.6 kJ/K. Find the heat added and the net work output.
(c) CO2 gas is contained in 1.0 m3 tank initially at 1.2 bar and 300 K. The
temperature is increased by 400K by
i. stirring with a paddle wheel and
ii. heat supply from a reservoir. Find the initial and final availabilities of the
gas. Which method of heating is better from the thermodynamic point of
view? [6+4+6]

4. (a) Deduce an expression for the non-flow availability for a system.

(b) A 2-kg piece of iron is heated from room temperature of 25o C to 400o C by a
heat source at 600o C. What is the irreversibility in the process? Assume for
iron Cp =0.450kJ/kgK. [6+10]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 4
5. 1 kg of air at a pressure of 8 bar and a temperature of 1000 C undergoes a re-
versible polytropic process following pv 1.2 = constant. If the final pressure is 1.8
bar, determine

(a) the final specific volume, temperature, and increase in entropy.

(b) Repeat the problem if the process are to be irreversible and adiabatic between
the states. Also with the results plot processes on p-v and T-s diagram. [16]

6. A room of dimensions 5m x 3m x 3m contains an air water vapour mixture at 1

bar, 300 C and 70% relative humidity. Calculate

(a) Mass of air

(b) Mass of Water Vapour
(c) Also find the degree of saturation.

The universal gas constant is 8.3143 KJ /Kg - Mole K and molecular mass of
air and water vapour is 29 and 18 respectively. [16]

7. Derive an expression for the efficiency of the dual combustion cycle in terms of
compression ratio, cut-off ratio and other relevant parameters.
Show that their expression reduces to that for diesel cycle if there is no constant
volume rise of pressure and that of the Otto cycle if there is no constant pressure
combustion. [16]

8. (a) Discuss the effect of sub cooling on C.O.P. would you desire large sub cooling
and why?
(b) A simple saturation ammonia compression system has a high pressure of 1.35
MN/m2 and a low pressure of 0.19 MN/m2 , Find per 4,00,000 Kj/hr of re-
frigerating capacity, the power consumption of compressor and C.O.P. of the
cycle. [4+12]

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