Code No: R05010201 Set No.

1
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the terms [6]

i. basis
ii. space lattice and
iii. unit cell.
(b) Describe the seven crystal systems with diagrams. [10]

2. (a) What are Miller indices? Draw (111) and (110) planes in a cubic lattice. [6]
(b) Explain Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [6]
(c) The Bragg’s angle for reflection from the (111) plane in a FCC crystal is 19.2o
for an X-ray wavelength of 1.54 A.U. Compute the cube edge of the unit cell.
[4]

3. (a) What are matter waves? Explain their properties. [6]

(b) Derive the expression for de-Broglie wave length. [6]
(c) Calculate the wavelength associated with an electron having energy 2000 eV.
[4]

4. (a) What is Fermi level?

[2]
(b) Explain Fermi-Dirac distribution for electrons in a metal. Discuss its variation
with temperature. [8]
(c) Calculate the free electron concentration, mobility and drift velocity of elec-
trons in aluminum wire of length of 5 m and resistance 0.06 Ω carrying a
current of 15 A, assuming that each aluminum atom contributes 3 free elec-
trons for conduction.
Given: Resistivity for aluminum = 2.7× 10−8 Ω-m.
Atomic weight = 26.98
Density = 2.7 × 103 kg/ m3
Avagadro number = 6.025 × 1023 [6]

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Code No: R05010201 Set No. 1
5. (a) What is meant by local field in a dielectric? Explain. How is it calculated for
a cubic structure? [8]
(b) Obtain Clausius Mosotti equation which relates the macroscopic dielectric
constant with microscopic polarizability. [8]

6. (a) Name two superconducting materials with their transition temperatures. [6]
(b) Describe the effect of magnetic field and isotropic effect on superconductivity.
[6]
(c) For a specimen of V3 Ga, the critical fields are respectively 1.4 × 105 and
4.2 × 105 amp/metre for 14 K and 13 K. Calculate the transition temperature
and critical fields at 0 K and 4.2 K. [4]

7. (a) Explain the characteristics of a laser beam. [4]

(b) Describe the construction and working of a ruby laser. [8]
(c) Discuss how lasers are helpful in induced fusion and isotope separation processes.
[4]

8. (a) Explain the terms ‘numerical aperture’ and ‘acceptance angle’. [6]
(b) With the help of a suitable diagram explain the principle, construction and
working of an optical fibre as a wave guide. [6]
(c) An optical fibre has a core material of refractive index of 1.55 and cladding
material of refractive index 1.50. The light is launched into it in air. Calculate
its numerical aperture. [4]

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Code No: R05010201 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the terms [6]

i. basis
ii. space lattice and
iii. unit cell.
(b) Describe the seven crystal systems with diagrams. [10]

2. (a) State and explain Bragg’s law. [6]

(b) Describe with suitable diagram, the powder method for determination of crys-
tal structure. [6]
(c) A beam of X-rays of wavelength 0.071 nm is diffracted by (110) plane of rock
salt with lattice constant of 0.28 nm. Find the glancing angle for the second
order diffraction. [4]

3. (a) Explain the following:

i. edge dislocation and
ii. screw dislocation [10]
(b) Explain the significance of Burgers vector. [6]

4. (a) Explain the origin of energy bands in solids.

[6]
(b) Assuming the electron - lattice interaction to be responsible for scattering of
conduction electrons in a metal, obtain an expression for conductivity in terms
of relaxation time and explain any three draw backs of classical theory of free
electrons. [6]
(c) Find the temperature at which there is 1% probability of a state with an
energy 0.5 eV above Fermi energy. [4]

5. (a) What is intrinsic break down in dielectric materials? [4]

(b) Explain electronic polarization in atoms and obtain an expression for electronic
polarisability in terms of the radius of the atom. [8]

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Code No: R05010201 Set No. 2
(c) A parallel plate capacitor has an area of 100 cm2 , with a separation of
1 cm and is charged to a potential of 100 V. Calculate the capacitance of the
capacitor and the charge on the plates. [4]

6. (a) How are the superconductors classified? Explain their properties. [6]
(b) What is Meissner effect? [6]
(c) Write notes on the applications of superconducting materials. [4]

7. (a) Explain the characteristics of a laser beam. [4]

(b) Mention any two applications of laser, each in the field of scientific research,
engineering and medicine. [6]
(c) Describe the construction and working of a Ruby laser. [6]

8. (a) Define the relative refractive index difference of an optical fibre. Show how it
is related to numerical aperture. [6]
(b) Draw the block diagram of an optical fibre communication system and explain
the function of each block. [10]

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Code No: R05010201 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the terms [6]

i. basis
ii. space lattice and
iii. unit cell.
(b) Describe the seven crystal systems with diagrams. [10]

2. (a) Explain Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [6]

(b) Describe Laue’s method for determination of crystal structure. [6]
(c) A beam of X-rays is incident on a NaCl crystal with lattice spacing 0.282
nm. Calculate the wavelength of X-rays if the first order Bragg reflection
takes place at a glancing angle of 8o 35′ . Also calculate the maximum order of
diffraction possible. [4]

3. (a) Derive time independent Schrodinger’s wave equation for a free particle. [8]
(b) Explain the physical significance of wave function. [4]
(c) An electron is bound in a one-dimensional infinite well of width 1 × 10 −10
m.
Find the energy values in the ground state and first two excited states. [4]

4. (a) What is Fermi level?

[2]
(b) Explain Fermi-Dirac distribution for electrons in a metal. Discuss its variation
with temperature. [8]
(c) Calculate the free electron concentration, mobility and drift velocity of elec-
trons in aluminum wire of length of 5 m and resistance 0.06 Ω carrying a
current of 15 A, assuming that each aluminum atom contributes 3 free elec-
trons for conduction.
Given: Resistivity for aluminum = 2.7× 10−8 Ω-m.
Atomic weight = 26.98
Density = 2.7 × 103 kg/ m3
Avagadro number = 6.025 × 1023 [6]

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Code No: R05010201 Set No. 3
5. (a) Define local field. Obtain Clausius Mosotti equation. [10]
(b) The electronic polarizability (αe ) of an inert atom is 1.7 × 10−40 Fm2 . The
number of atoms per unit volume is 2.71 × 1028 m−3 . Calculate the static
dielectric constant of the material. (ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F/m) [6]

6. (a) State the expression for the density of electrons and holes in an intrinsic semi-
conductor. [4]
(b) Derive the expression for Fermi level. [6]
(c) Derive the relation between the intrinsic carrier concentration and absolute
temperature. [6]

7. (a) What do you understand by population inversion? How it is achieved? [6]

(b) Derive the relation between the probabilities of spontaneous emission and
stimulated emission in terms of Einstein’s coefficients. [10]

8. (a) Derive expressions for the numerical aperture and the fractional index change
of an optical fibre. [8]
(b) Explain the advantages of optical communication system. [4]
(c) The numerical aperture of an optical fibre is 0.39. If the difference in the
refractive indices of the material of its core and the cladding is 0.05, calculate
the refractive index of material of the core. [4]

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Code No: R05010201 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the “Unit Cell” and “Lattice Parameters”. What is a primitive cell
and how does it differ from unit cell? [6]
(b) Describe the crystal structure of CsCl. [4]
(c) Chromium has BCC structure. Its atomic radius is 0.1249 nm. Calculate the
free volume/unit cell. [6]
2. (a) Sketch the following planes of a cubic unit cell: (001), (120) and (2̄11). [3]
(b) Explain Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [5]
(c) Describe Laue’s method for determination of crystal structure. [8]
3. (a) Explain the influence of point defects in crystals and how do they affect the
properties of materials. [8]
(b) Obtain an expression for the energy required to create a vacancy in the crystal.
[8]
4. (a) What are the salient features of the “free electron gas” model? Obtain Ohm’s
law based on it. [10]
(b) Explain the concept of “effective mass”. [6]
5. (a) Explain how magnetic materials are classified? [10]
(b) What is Bohr magneton? How it is related to magnetic moment of electron?
[6]
6. (a) Describe Josephson effects and their applications. [6]
(b) Write a note on flux quanitzation. [4]
(c) The London penetration depths for lead at 3 K and 7.1 K are respectively
39.6 nm and 173 nm. Calculate its transition temperature as well as depth at
0 K. [6]
7. (a) Explain the need of a cavity resonator in a laser. [6]
(b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the principle, construction and
working of a Ruby laser. [10]

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Code No: R05010201 Set No. 4
8. (a) What are the important features of optical fibres? [6]
(b) Describe the communication process using optical fibres. [6]
(c) Give the uses of fibre optics in different fields. [4]

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