Code No: RR212305 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. It has been suggested that the kitchen in your house is cooled in the summer by
closing the kitchen from the rest of the house and opening the door to the electric
refrigerator. Comment on this. State clearly and concisely the basis for your
conclusions. [6+10]

2. Steam is flowing through a horizontal, well-insulated 3-in. - ID iron pipe, 1500 ft

long. The velocity at the entrance to the pipe, where the steam is dry and saturated
at 150 psia, is 100 ft/sec. The steam discharges from the exit of the pipe into an
adiabatic reversible turbine which exhausts at 14.7 psia. The steam leaving the
turbine is in the dry-saturated condition.

(a) Calculate the horsepower produced by the turbine.

(b) Represent by a sketch on T-S plane the change in the state of the steam as it
flows through the pipe and the turbine.
(c) What is the state of the steam entering the turbine? [6+6+4]

3. (a) Write the energy equations applicable to compression processes.

(b) Write a brief note on pumps and ejectors [8+8]

4. The excess Gibbs energy of a particular ternary liquid mixture is represented by

the empirical expression, with parameters, A12 , A13 , andA23 functions of T and P
only GE /RT = A12 x1 x2 + A13 x1 x3 + A23 x2 x3 Determine the implied expressions
for in γ1 and γ2 and In γ3 . [16]

5. Explain in detail vapour/liquid Equilibrium. [16]

6. Discuss in detail about Multireaction stoichiometry [16]

7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2 SO4 +2N H3 + phenyl acetate → Pencillium G + CO2 +8H2 O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]

8. Assume that experimental measurements for a certain organism have shown that
cells can convert two-thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon (alkane or glucose) to
biomass.

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 1
(a) Calculate the stoichiometric coefficient for the following biological reactions
Hexadecane:C16 H34 + aO2 + bN H3 → c(C4.4 H7.3 N0.86 O1.2 ) + dH2 O + eCO2
Glucose: C6 H12 O6 + aO2 + bN H3 → dH2 O + eCO2
(b) Calculate the yield coefficients Yx/s (g dw cell/g substrate), Yx/O2 (g dw cell/g
O2) for both reactions. Comment on the differences. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write about the thermodynamic state and state functions.

(b) Write about the steady - state flow process. [8+8]

2. Write short notes:

(a) Write about condensable-fluid cycle.

(b) Write about simple power-plant cycle.
(c) Write about analysis of the steam-power plant cycle. [4+6+6]

3. Maxwell’s equation can be used to evaluate the latent heat of vaporization of a pure
substance. Choose the appropriate equation and explain the method to estimate
the latent heat of vaporization as a function of temperature using the vapor pressure
data. [16]

4. (a) Define chemical potential and write the general equation for Gibbs energy in
terms of temperature pressure and chemical potential.
(b) By definition, the partial molar volume is: Vi = [∂(nV)/∂ni ]P, T, nj . What
physical interpretation can be given to this equation? [8+8]

5. Discuss in detail about VLE from cubic Equations of state. [16]

6. Write short notes

(a) Duhem’s Theory

(b) Degree of freedom [8+8]

7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2 SO4 +2N H3 + phenyl acetate → Pencillium G + CO2 +8H2 O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]

8. Discuss in detail that electrons in the organic substrate is transferred to oxygen.

[16]

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. It has been suggested that the kitchen in your house is cooled in the summer by
closing the kitchen from the rest of the house and opening the door to the electric
refrigerator. Comment on this. State clearly and concisely the basis for your
conclusions. [6+10]

2. Write short notes:

(a) Write about condensable-fluid cycle.

(b) Write about simple power-plant cycle.
(c) Write about analysis of the steam-power plant cycle. [4+6+6]

3. Describe the sequential procedure for estimating thermodynamic properties, viz.,

H and S using a cubic equation of state. [16]

4. (a) Discuss chemical potential as a criterion for phase equilibrium.

(b) Define partial molar properties: internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs en-
ergy. [8+8]

5. For a mixture of 20% propane 45% n-butane and 35% n-propane (mole present) at
a pressure of 1 M N/m2 , calculate

(a) the bubble point and

(b) the due point. [8+8]

The following are the data on vaporization constant (K) at different temperatures
Component K
38 C 65 C 930 C 970 C
0 0

Propane 1.2 1.9 2.8 2.9

n-butane 0.43 0.8 1.3 1.35
n-pentane 0.14 0.31 0.55 0.6

6. (a) Describe the effect of temperature on reaction equilibrium constant .

(b) Is the following reaction promising as a method of manufacture for sodium
formate.
NaOH(s) + CO(g) ⇀ ↽ HCOONa (s)
The following are the data on F 0 [8+8]

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 3
Component F 0 , keal/g mole
CO(g) -32.808
NaOH(s) -90.60
HCOONa(s) -147.0

7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2 SO4 +2N H3 + phenyl acetate → Pencillium G + CO2 +8H2 O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]

8. Discus in detail the heat evolved per equivalent of available electrons transferred
to oxygen. [16]

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A gas is confined in a cylinder by a piston, 2 in. in diameter, on which rests

a “weight”. The mass of the piston and weight together is 8 lbm. The local
acceleration of gravity is 32.00 ft/sec2 . Assume standard atmospheric pressure.
(a) What is the force exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston, and the
weight in pounds force, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in pounds force per square inch?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it will expand, pushing the piston and
weight upward. Assuming that enough heat is supplied to raise the piston
and weight 8 in., calculate the work done by the gas in raising the piston and
weight. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight? Give
your answers in foot-pounds force. [4+4+8]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Explain with a schematic diagram the adsorption refrigeration machine.
(b) Write about liquefaction processes. [8+8]
3. By means of schematic thermodynamic diagrams, briefly describe the solid / liquid
/ vapor states of matter and the phase boundaries. [16]
4. Describe and discuss the commonly used models for excess Gibbs energy. [16]
5. Derive the Equation for bubble point. [16]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2 O → H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each
chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [16]
7. Discuss in detail about the Thermodynamic principles. [16]
8. Assuming that cells can convert two - thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon
(alkane) to biomass, calculate the “stoichiometric” coefficients for hexadecane uti-
lization.
C16 H34 + α1 O2 + α2 N H3 → β1 (C4.4 H7.3 N0.86 O1.2 ) + β2 CO2 + β3 H2 Oθ [16]

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