TB/MP/T3/BMCY3911/1

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL
MALAYSIA MELAKA
COMBUSTION LABORATORY
Two-Shaft Gas Turbine

No. Dokumen:
TB/MP/T3/BMCY3911/1
No. Semakan/Tarikh:
2/28-06-2008

No. Isu/Tarikh:
1/12-12-2007
Jum. Mukasurat:
5

OBJECTIVES
1. To describe the application concept of two-shaft gas turbine.
2. To determine the shaft power and fuel consumption of the two-shaft gas turbine.
3. To observe and evaluate the turbine characteristic.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this laboratory session, students should be able to:
1. Enhance understanding of the two-shaft gas turbine basic principles.
2. Analyze the main characterictics of two-shaft gas turbine operation.
3. Gain experience on two-shaft gas turbine that widely used in the industry and the
thermodynamics engineering principles involved.
4. Write the laboratory report according to a standard that describes the two-shaft
gas turbine by individually and team work.
THEORY
Gas turbine plant is used to generate mechanical and electrical energy as follows:
For driving generators in power stations,
For driving compressors and pumps in oil and gas extraction,
For propelling ships, locomotives and heavy vehicles,
For the propulsion of aircraft with propeller and jet engines.
Gas turbines are always used in situations where high power density, low weight and
rapid start up are required. As fluid flow machines, gas turbines provide high flow rates
for small machine dimensions unlike piston engines. This allows drives to be realised that
are both light, and at the same time powerful.
As the moving parts in a gas turbine are only subject to rotary motion, given good
balancing, almost vibration-free running is possible. The disadvantage is the high noise
level caused by the high gas speeds and the simultaneous direct link to the atmosphere.
In comparison to steam turbines, gas turbines work at higher temperatures but lower
pressures. The high temperatures, especially in the area of the turbine, require special
high temperature materials.

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Figure 1 Educational Two-Shaft Gas Turbine

PROCEDURES
1.
2.

First, check the oil level and open propane gas valve on cylinder tank.
Check the pipe work for leaks, open cooling water connection and check outlet of the
cooling water.
3. Set load adjuster to zero.
4. Connect all the mains power and switch them on.
5. Check function of the temperature and speed indicators.
6. Switch on starter fan and change over flap for starting air to ON.
7. After 10 sec, operate ignition button and adjust the combustion gas flow rate to
around 30 % using control valve at the same time.
8. During ignition, keep the button pressed down until turbine inlet temperature is above
T3 = 600 oC, then the ignition button can be released.
9. Run up the turbine to the self-sustaining speed of n1 = 70000 rpm by adjusting the
fuel gas flow rate (T3 must not more than 1000 oC).
10. Set starting air flap to OFF and switch off starter fan.
11. Read the measured values from the designated points and fill them on Table 1.
12. Repeat step 10 again base on Table 1.
FORMULA FOR CALCULATIONS
m air air AV air

(1)

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where m air
air
A

Vair

= air mass flow rate (kg/s)

= air density (1.199 kg/m3)
= intake area of air (0.0038 m2)
= air velocity (m/s)
m gas

10.4 To ( PD Patm ) G

Pgas Tgas
3600
100

where m gas

= gas mass flow rate (kg/s)

To
PD
G
Pgas

= room temperature (K)

= gas nozzle pressure (bar)
= gas flow rate (%)
= gas feeder pressure (bar)

Tgas

= gas temperature (K)

m
1
air
Lmin m gas

(2)

(3)

where = air ratio

Lmin = the amount of air for burning propane (15.23 kg air / kg gas )
P2 P3 ( P2 P3 )

PT 2

288
P
electric
T1 273 electric

(4)
(5)

where PT 2
= turbine power output (W)
Pelectric = electrical power (W)
electric = efficiency of the generator (74%)
b fuel

where b fuel

m gas 3.6

PT 2 10 3
= Specific fuel consumption (kg/kWh)

(6)

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EXPERIMENT DATA
Room Temperature (K)
: ______________
Atmospheric Pressure, Patm (bar)
: ________
Table 1
No. Test
G [%]
Generator load
T1 (oC)
T2 (oC)
T3 (oC)
T4 (oC)
T5 (oC)
Tgas (oC)

Vair (m/s)
P2 P3 (bar)
P3 (bar)
P4 (bar)
PD (bar)
Pgas (bar)
Turbine 1 speed,
n1 (rpm)
Turbine 2 speed,
n2 (rpm)
Pelectric (W)

1
35
3

2
40
3

3
45
3

2
40

3
45

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Table 2
No. Test
G (%)

1
35

m air (kg/s)
m gas (kg/s)
P2 (bar)

PT 2 (W)
b fuel (kg/kWh)

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Give some samples of calculation.
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DISCUSSION
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

Explain why the temperatures and the pressures of gas are decreasing after flowing
out from turbine 1 & 2 (T3 > T4 > T5) & (P2 > P3 > P4)?
Why the speed of turbine 1 is faster then turbine 2? Explain.
What is the relationship between gas flow rate, G and :

a.
air velocity, Vair due to the air mass flow rate, m air
b.
gas mass flow rate, m gas
c.
air ratio,
d.
turbine power output, PT 2
e.
specific fuel consumption, b fuel
What are the values for the shaft power and fuel consumption in each test?
In overall, what can be concluded regarding the turbine characteristic?

QUESTIONS (FORMAL REPORT ONLY)

1.
2.

What are the suitable ways to improve gas turbine cycle efficiency?
State the industrial application of two-shaft gas turbine.

CONCLUSION
Conclude your finding.

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